CN210858896U - Exhaust pipe, exhaust supercharging system and engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a blast pipe, exhaust turbocharging system and engine, the blast pipe includes the blast pipe body and sets up cylinder flange on the blast pipe body, cylinder flange includes flange main part and rake, the flange main part with the juncture of rake is provided with the mounting hole, be provided with the location boss on the rake, the terminal surface of location boss with the terminal surface of flange main part is at the coplanar. Through set up the location boss on cylinder flange, can avoid because the blast pipe warpage leads to the unable correct installation of flange gasket between cylinder head and the cylinder flange to influence its sealed effect.

Description

Exhaust pipe, exhaust supercharging system and engine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an engine production technical field especially relates to an blast pipe, exhaust turbocharging system and engine.

Background

The exhaust pipe is an important component of an engine exhaust system, and directly influences the utilization of the energy of the exhaust gas of the engine and the consumption rate of the fuel of the engine. The exhaust pipe that uses at present is independent structure mostly, therefore, its connection matching with the engine is the key and difficult point of exhaust pipe design always, especially for supercharged engine, not only need consider the connection of exhaust pipe and engine, also need consider the connection of exhaust pipe and booster simultaneously, because the weight of booster is heavier, and it is high temperature waste gas to circulate in the turbine shell, can produce thermal expansion during the work, leads to the booster vibration, and this makes the design and the equipment of exhaust pipe more difficult.

The exhaust pipe is generally connected with a cylinder head through a set of side-cut flanges, and when the exhaust pipe is assembled, the exhaust pipe is generally fixedly connected with the cylinder head through the side-cut flanges, and then other components are installed, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaust pipe provided in the prior art, fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the prior exhaust pipe 1 includes an exhaust pipe body 11 and a cylinder connecting flange 12, the exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with a cylinder head 4 through the cylinder connecting flange 12, during the installation of the exhaust pipe 1 on the cylinder head 4, a plurality of bolt installation holes are formed in the cylinder connecting flange 12, fig. 3 is a side view of the exhaust pipe provided in the prior art, fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion I of fig. 3, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cylinder connecting flange provided in the prior art, fig. 6 is a main view of fig. 5, fig. 7 is a side view of fig. 5, as shown in fig. 3-7, in the prior art, when the exhaust pipe 1 is installed on the cylinder connecting flange 12, the upper portion of the cylinder connecting flange 12, the cylinder connecting flange is warped, and the lower portion of the exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is not only a gap between the cylinder connecting flange is formed by a plurality of the lower portion 3512, when the exhaust pipe is formed, the exhaust pipe is not bent, the exhaust pipe is tightened, the exhaust pipe is not formed between the lower portion of the exhaust pipe 1, the exhaust pipe, the upper portion of the exhaust pipe 1 and the lower portion of the cylinder connecting flange, the exhaust pipe, when the exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is tightened, the exhaust pipe.

Cylinder flange among the prior art has the rake for when the blast pipe was installed to the cylinder head on, one side of blast pipe will produce the warpage, makes the flange gasket can't guarantee the sealed between blast pipe and the cylinder, leads to producing phenomenons such as gas leakage.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a blast pipe, exhaust supercharging system and engine takes place the warpage when preventing the blast pipe installation, eliminates the influence of the accumulative error that produces by the blast pipe warpage to other parts of installation engine.

An aspect of the present invention is to provide an exhaust pipe, including: blast pipe body and setting are in cylinder flange on the blast pipe body, cylinder flange includes flange main part and rake, the flange main part with the juncture of rake is provided with the mounting hole, be provided with the location boss on the rake, the terminal surface of location boss with the terminal surface of flange main part is at the coplanar.

Further, the mounting hole includes a first mounting hole located on the upper portion of the cylinder connecting flange and a second mounting hole located on the lower portion of the cylinder connecting flange, and the positioning boss includes a first boss located close to the first mounting hole and a second boss located close to the second mounting hole.

Further, the first boss is arranged between the first mounting hole and the top end of the cylinder connecting flange, and the second boss is arranged between the second mounting hole and the bottom end of the cylinder connecting flange.

Furthermore, the number of the first mounting holes is two, the number of the second mounting holes is one, and the area of the end face of the second boss is not smaller than that of the end face of the first boss.

Further, the positioning boss is connected with the mounting hole.

Further, a space is arranged between the positioning boss and the mounting hole.

Further, the end surface of the positioning boss is trapezoidal, fan-shaped or arched.

Further, the positioning boss and the cylinder connecting flange are integrally formed.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a blast pipe, through set up the location boss on cylinder flange, when installing the blast pipe to the cylinder head, because the existence of location boss, when fastening cylinder flange, the location boss is tightly pasted on the cylinder head, therefore the blast pipe will not take place the warpage, flange gasket between cylinder flange and the cylinder head can correctly install like this to make and can fully seal between blast pipe and the cylinder head, can not produce gas leakage phenomenon.

The utility model discloses another aspect provides an exhaust supercharging system, including booster, booster strutting arrangement and as above the blast pipe, the booster with blast pipe fixed connection, booster strutting arrangement with booster fixed connection.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an exhaust supercharging system, on one hand through set up the location boss on cylinder flange, when installing the blast pipe to the cylinder head, because of the existence of location boss, when fastening cylinder flange, the location boss tightly pastes on the cylinder head, therefore the blast pipe will not warp, avoid leading to from this that the flange gasket between cylinder head and the cylinder flange can't correctly install and influence its sealed effect; on the other hand, through setting up the support into bearing diagonal, the plane that makes the support place is perpendicular with the vibration direction of booster to the stress that makes under same load receive is littleer, and intensity is better, and the operation is more stable.

Yet another aspect of the present invention provides an engine including an exhaust gas supercharging system as described above.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an engine, owing to including location boss and booster strutting arrangement, the installation is more simple and convenient, and the operation is more stable.

Drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of an exhaust pipe according to a first prior art;

FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of an exhaust pipe provided in accordance with a first prior art;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder connecting flange according to a second prior art;

FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a side view of FIG. 5;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder connecting flange of an exhaust pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a front view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 8;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of a first shape of a positioning boss according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of a second shape of the positioning boss according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of a third shape of the positioning boss according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of a fourth shape of the positioning boss according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust supercharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is an exploded view of an exhaust gas supercharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a front view of a bracket of a supercharger support apparatus in an exhaust supercharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a front view of a support block of a supercharger support device in an exhaust supercharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a top view of FIG. 18;

fig. 20 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 18.

Reference numerals:

1-an exhaust pipe;

11-exhaust pipe body;

12-a cylinder connection flange;

121-a first boss;

122-a second boss;

123-a first mounting hole;

124-second mounting hole;

13-a supercharger connection flange;

2-a supercharger;

31-a scaffold;

32-a support block;

321-mounting a boss;

4-cylinder head.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the drawings of the present invention are combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The exhaust pipe is an important component of an engine exhaust system, and directly influences the utilization of the energy of the exhaust gas of the engine and the consumption rate of the fuel of the engine. The exhaust pipe used at present is mostly of an independent structure, so that the connection matching of the exhaust pipe and an engine is always the key point and the difficulty of the design of the exhaust pipe, particularly for a supercharged engine, the connection of the exhaust pipe and the engine and the connection of the exhaust pipe and a supercharger need to be considered, and as the supercharger is heavy in weight and high-temperature gas circulates in a turbine shell, the heat expansion is generated during the operation, the vibration of the supercharger is caused, and the design and the assembly of the exhaust pipe are more difficult.

In the prior art, an exhaust pipe is used for connecting an exhaust passage outlet of a cylinder cover and conveying exhaust gas generated by an engine, the exhaust pipe is generally connected with the cylinder cover through a group of side-cut flanges, during assembly, the exhaust pipe is generally fixedly connected to the cylinder cover through the side-cut flanges, the side-cut flanges and the cylinder cover are sealed through flange gaskets, and then other components are installed.

On the other hand, in a supercharged engine, a supercharger is connected to an exhaust pipe, and because the supercharger is heavy in weight and high-temperature waste flows in a turbine shell, thermal expansion is generated during operation to cause vibration of the supercharger, so that the supercharger is usually supported and fixed by a supporting device to avoid damage of the supercharger due to severe vibration. In the prior art, an L-shaped bracket is generally used as a supercharger supporting device, the L-shaped bracket comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, the supercharger is fixedly connected with the horizontal plate of the L-shaped bracket through a bolt, and the vertical plate of the L-shaped bracket is fixedly connected to a machine body or a flywheel shell through a bolt, so that the supercharger is supported and fixed. The L-shaped bracket generally adopts a sheet metal bending process, and sometimes reinforcing ribs are welded at the bending position. According to the simulation result of the L-shaped support in the prior art, the bending part of the L-shaped support is often the weakest area and is easy to break and other faults, and in the process of manufacturing the L-shaped support by using a sheet metal bending process, the problem that the bending radius is too small or the bending process is incomplete often occurs, so that the bending part of the L-shaped support is obviously or internally cracked, the L-shaped support is easy to break, and the L-shaped support is broken to have extremely adverse influence on the support of a supercharger.

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides an exhaust pipe, an exhaust pressurization system and an engine, which can prevent the exhaust pipe from warping when being installed, so that a flange gasket between a cylinder connecting flange and a cylinder cover can be correctly installed, thereby the exhaust pipe and the cylinder cover can be fully sealed, and the air leakage phenomenon can not be generated; on the other hand, the horizontal support of the supercharger support device in the prior art is changed into the inclined support, so that the supercharger support device is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the supercharger, the supercharger support device can bear larger load, and the exhaust supercharging system and the engine are more stable.

It should be noted that, in the present invention, the horizontal direction refers to the direction of the corresponding horizontal plane when the supercharger is installed, i.e., the x direction in the drawing, and the vertical direction refers to the y direction in the drawing.

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example one

Fig. 8 is the utility model provides a structural schematic diagram of the cylinder flange of blast pipe, fig. 9 is the main view of fig. 8, fig. 10 is the side view of fig. 8, refer to fig. 8-10 and show, the embodiment of the utility model provides an exhaust pipe, including blast pipe body 11 and cylinder flange 12, cylinder flange 12 includes flange main part and rake, and the juncture of flange main part and rake is provided with the mounting hole, is provided with the location boss on the rake, and the terminal surface of location boss is in the coplanar with the terminal surface of flange main part.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a blast pipe is through setting up the location boss on the rake at cylinder flange 12, when installing the blast pipe to the cylinder head, because the existence of location boss, when fastening cylinder flange, the location boss is tightly pasted on the cylinder head, therefore the blast pipe will not take place the warpage, flange gasket between cylinder flange and the cylinder head can correctly install like this to make and to fully seal between blast pipe and the cylinder head, can not produce gas leakage phenomenon.

The mounting holes include a first mounting hole 123 located at an upper portion of the cylinder connection flange 12 and a second mounting hole 124 located at a lower portion of the cylinder connection flange 12, and the positioning bosses include a first boss 121 disposed near the first mounting hole 123 and a second boss 122 disposed near the second mounting hole.

For example, the first boss 121 may be disposed between the first mounting hole 123 and the top end of the cylinder connection flange 12, and the second boss 122 may be disposed between the second mounting hole 124 and the bottom end of the cylinder connection flange 12.

In an exemplary embodiment, the number of the first mounting holes 123 is two, the number of the second mounting holes 124 is one, and the end surface area of the second bosses 122 is not smaller than the end surface area of the first bosses 121. The design can make the connection between blast pipe and the cylinder head more reliable. Because the top of cylinder flange 12 is equipped with two first mounting holes 123, and there is only one second mounting hole 124 below cylinder flange 12, and the top contacts with the cylinder head through two mounting holes, and the below contacts with the cylinder head through a mounting hole, consequently, the terminal surface area of second mounting hole 123 can be less than the terminal surface area of second mounting hole for its atress is more even.

Fig. 11 is the utility model provides a first shape schematic diagram of location boss, fig. 12 are the utility model discloses a second kind of shape schematic diagram of location boss that provides, fig. 13 is the utility model discloses a third kind of shape schematic diagram of location boss, fig. 14 are the utility model discloses a fourth kind of shape schematic diagram of location boss, it is shown with reference to fig. 11-14, the end face shape of location boss can be trapezoidal, fan-shaped, circular or other figures, as long as satisfy when fastening to the cylinder head to cylinder flange 12, the cylinder head can be hugged closely to the location boss, the utility model discloses do not restrict the shape of location boss in the embodiment.

The positioning boss can be connected with the mounting hole, as shown in fig. 11-13, or the positioning boss can be disconnected with the mounting hole, so that a space is formed between the positioning boss and the mounting hole, as shown in fig. 14, as long as the end face of the positioning boss and the end face of the flange body are on the same plane.

In order to ensure the strength of the positioning boss, the positioning boss and the cylinder connecting flange 12 are integrally formed.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a blast pipe, through set up the location boss on cylinder flange 12, when installing the blast pipe to the cylinder head, because the existence of location boss, when fastening cylinder flange 12, the location boss is tightly pasted on the cylinder head, therefore the blast pipe will not take place the warpage, make flange gasket between cylinder flange and the cylinder head correctly install like this to make and to fully seal between blast pipe and the cylinder head, can not produce gas leakage phenomenon.

Example two

Fig. 15 is the structural schematic diagram of the exhaust supercharging system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, it is shown with reference to fig. 15, the embodiment of the present invention provides an exhaust supercharging system including: the exhaust pipe 1 in the supercharger 2, the supercharger support device and the embodiment one, the supercharger 2 is fixedly connected with the exhaust pipe 1, and the supercharger support device is fixedly connected with the supercharger 2.

Fig. 16 is an explosion diagram of the exhaust supercharging system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 16, in an exemplary embodiment, the exhaust pipe further includes a supercharger connecting flange 13 disposed on the exhaust pipe body 11, and is configured to be connected to the supercharger 2, wherein the supercharger connecting flange 13 is located between two adjacent cylinder connecting flanges 12, for installation convenience, the end surface of the supercharger connecting flange 13 is not on the same plane as the end surface of the cylinder connecting flange 12, and further, the end surface of the supercharger connecting flange 13 can be parallel to the end surfaces of the cylinder connecting flanges 12, that is, the supercharger connecting flange 13 and the cylinder connecting flanges 12 are respectively located on two sides of the exhaust pipe body 11.

The end face of the supercharger connecting flange 13 may be formed in a rectangular shape, and since the exhaust gas flowing through the supercharger connecting flange 13 from the exhaust pipe is high-temperature gas that has not been cooled, the distance from the flange bolt to the high-temperature gas can be increased by such a design, thereby increasing the reliability of the flange bolt.

In this embodiment, the supercharger support device includes a bracket 31 for fixedly connecting with the supercharger 2 and a support block 32 for fixedly connecting with an engine body or a flywheel housing (not shown in the figure), the supercharger 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the bracket 31, the other end of the bracket 31 is connected to the support block 32, a plane where the bracket 31 is located is perpendicular to a vibration direction of the supercharger 2, and the support block 32 is disposed in the perpendicular direction. In fig. 15 and 16, the direction of the arrow on the supercharger 2 is the vibration direction of the supercharger 2.

The booster strutting arrangement in this embodiment is through setting up support 31 in the plane perpendicular with the vibration direction of booster 2, and support 31 becomes certain angle with the horizontal direction, changes the bearing diagonal into by current horizontal support promptly, because the plane at support 31 place is perpendicular with the vibration direction of booster 2 for booster 2's vibrational force perpendicular to support 31, such design makes support 31 can bear bigger load, thereby makes the utility model discloses the booster strutting arrangement's that provides intensity is better.

Fig. 17 is a front view of a bracket of a supercharger support device in an exhaust supercharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 17 shows that both ends of the bracket 31 are provided with mounting screw holes, and the bracket 31 is fixedly connected to the supercharger 2 through the mounting screw holes and bolts of one end.

The bracket 31 may be a planar plate, for example, a rectangular plate, a trapezoidal plate, etc., and the specific shape of the bracket 31 is not limited in this embodiment.

Fig. 18 is a front view of a support block of a supercharger support device in an exhaust supercharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 19 is a top view of fig. 18, fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 18, and fig. 18-20 show that a support block 32 includes a support block main body and connection portions located at two ends of the support block main body, the support block main body is fixedly connected to a bracket, and the connection portions are used for connecting an engine body or a flywheel housing.

The supporting body of the supporting block 32 is provided with a mounting boss 321, the mounting boss 321 is provided with an opening, and the mounting boss is matched with a mounting screw hole on the bracket 31 far away from one end of the supercharger, so that the mounting boss 321 and the bracket 31 are fastened.

The connecting part is provided with an opening and is fixedly connected with the engine body or the flywheel housing through a fastener, such as a bolt.

Since the bracket 31 is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the supercharger 2, the bracket 31 is not parallel to the horizontal direction, but forms a certain angle a, in order to ensure that the joint between the bracket 31 and the support block 32 is not bent, the end surface of the mounting boss 321 is in the same plane as the bracket 31, and a certain angle b is required between the mounting boss and the connecting portion, and a + b is required to be 90 °.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an exhaust supercharging system, on the one hand through set up the location boss on cylinder flange 12, when installing blast pipe 1 to the cylinder head, because of the existence of location boss, when fastening cylinder flange 12, the location boss is tightly pasted on the cylinder head, therefore blast pipe 1 will not warp, avoid leading to the flange gasket between cylinder head and cylinder flange 12 can't correctly install and influence its sealed effect; on the other hand, by arranging the bracket 31 as an inclined support, the plane of the bracket 31 is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the supercharger 2, so that the stress applied under the same load is smaller, the strength is better, and the operation is more stable.

EXAMPLE III

The present embodiment provides an engine including the exhaust gas supercharging system described in the second embodiment.

The engine provided by the embodiment of the utility model comprises the positioning boss and the supercharger supporting device, and due to the existence of the positioning boss, when the cylinder connecting flange 12 is fastened, the positioning boss is tightly attached to the cylinder cover, so that the exhaust pipe 1 cannot be warped, and the sealing effect is prevented from being influenced because the flange gasket between the cylinder cover and the cylinder connecting flange 12 cannot be correctly installed; on the other hand, by arranging the bracket 31 as an inclined support, the plane of the bracket 31 is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the supercharger 2, so that the stress applied under the same load is smaller, the strength is better, and the operation is more stable.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "axial", "circumferential", and the like, which are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the position or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be of particular construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, such as through internal communication or through an interaction between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The exhaust pipe comprises an exhaust pipe body and a cylinder connecting flange arranged on the exhaust pipe body, wherein the cylinder connecting flange comprises a flange main body and an inclined part, the flange main body and the junction of the inclined part are provided with mounting holes, and the exhaust pipe is characterized in that a positioning boss is arranged on the inclined part, and the end face of the positioning boss is in the same plane with the end face of the flange main body.

2. The exhaust pipe of claim 1, wherein the mounting holes include a first mounting hole located at an upper portion of the cylinder connection flange and a second mounting hole located at a lower portion of the cylinder connection flange, and the positioning bosses include a first boss located adjacent to the first mounting hole and a second boss located adjacent to the second mounting hole.

3. The exhaust pipe of claim 2, wherein the first boss is disposed between the first mounting hole and a top end of the cylinder connecting flange, and the second boss is disposed between the second mounting hole and a bottom end of the cylinder connecting flange.

4. The exhaust pipe according to claim 3, wherein the number of the first mounting holes is two, the number of the second mounting holes is one, and an end surface area of the second boss is not smaller than an end surface area of the first boss.

5. The exhaust pipe of claim 1 wherein the locating boss is coupled to the mounting hole.

6. The exhaust pipe of claim 1 wherein said locating boss is spaced from said mounting hole.

7. The exhaust pipe according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the end surface of the positioning boss is trapezoidal, fan-shaped, or arcuate in shape.

8. The exhaust pipe of claim 1 wherein said locating boss and said cylinder attachment flange are integrally formed.

9. An exhaust gas supercharging system comprising a supercharger, a supercharger support means and an exhaust pipe as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, the supercharger being fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe via a supercharger connection flange, the supercharger support means being fixedly connected to the supercharger.

10. An engine comprising the exhaust gas pressurization system of claim 9.

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