CN210856013U - Novel low-calorific-value slurry fuel gasification furnace - Google Patents
Novel low-calorific-value slurry fuel gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN210856013U CN210856013U CN201921146285.4U CN201921146285U CN210856013U CN 210856013 U CN210856013 U CN 210856013U CN 201921146285 U CN201921146285 U CN 201921146285U CN 210856013 U CN210856013 U CN 210856013U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a novel low heat value slurry fuel gasifier lets in the carbonaceous slurry fuel of low heat value and gasifies, gasifier stove outer covering lateral wall upper segment is equipped with a plurality of slurry fuel atomizing nozzle, and the hypomere is equipped with a plurality of gasifying agent nozzles, and the bottom is equipped with a gasifying agent nozzle, and slurry fuel is through slurry fuel atomizing nozzle atomizing to send into this internal gasification of gasifier with the atomizing state, generate synthetic gas and high temperature ash. The utility model discloses a low heat value slurry fuel gasification stove, arrange the sediment simple, need not to shut down the stove when changing the nozzle, can be suitable for the gasification of low heat value carbonaceous slurry fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the gasification field, concretely relates to novel low calorific value slurry fuel gasifier.
Background
The gasification technology is a novel coal chemical technology, can not only solve the problems of energy waste and environmental pollution caused by direct combustion, but also convert primary energy of low order into secondary energy to realize graded utilization of energy, and occupies an important position in the strategic structure of energy in China. With the development of the novel coal chemical industry in recent years, the coal water slurry gasification technology is rapidly popularized and applied. The coal water slurry gasification furnace is a key device of the coal water slurry gasification technology, and is developed and industrially applied by Texaco gasification furnaces abroad, China eastern science and engineering university, Qinghua university and the like. The existing water-coal-slurry gasification furnace adopts two modes of slag tapping in liquid state and slag tapping in solid state, and the two modes have the problems of blockage and complex operation; the existing coal water slurry nozzle has a service life limit, a burner needs to be replaced periodically, in the prior art, the furnace needs to be stopped when the burner is replaced, and the furnace is started after the replacement and the overhaul are finished, so that the problems of low system start-up rate, small operation flexibility, cost waste and the like are caused. In addition, with the national advocated quality-based classification coal utilization mode, the coal water slurry is gradually replaced by low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel prepared from solid waste, waste water and carbon-containing raw materials. The gasification of the low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel is much more difficult than the gasification of the common slurry fuel due to low carbon content, low calorific value, difficult ignition and difficult stable combustion, and related research and patents on the low-calorific-value slurry fuel gasification furnace do not exist at present. Therefore, how to optimize the structure of the slurry fuel gasification furnace to reduce the operation cost, improve the gasification efficiency and the adaptability of low-calorific-value fuel becomes the key of the development of the slurry fuel gasification furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses an it is not enough among the prior art to overcome the utility model, provides a arrange the sediment simple, need not blowing out, the applicable novel low heat value slurry fuel gasifier of low heat value carbonaceous slurry fuel when changing the nozzle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model discloses a novel low heat value slurry fuel gasifier lets in the carbonaceous slurry fuel of low heat value and gasifies, gasifier stove outer covering lateral wall upper segment is equipped with a plurality of slurry fuel atomizing nozzle, and the hypomere is equipped with a plurality of gasifying agent nozzles, and the bottom is equipped with a gasifying agent nozzle, and slurry fuel is through slurry fuel atomizing nozzle atomizing to send into this internal gasification of gasifier with the atomizing state, generate synthetic gas and high temperature ash.
The lower section of the side wall of the gasification furnace shell is also provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is arranged on the gasification furnace shell at the lower end of the gasification agent nozzle, and the gas outlet is sequentially provided with a heat exchanger and a dust remover to discharge synthetic gas and high-temperature ash in a matching way.
The heat exchanger is communicated with a pipeline in front of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle through a heat exchange pipe, and the low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel is preheated by absorbing the heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas.
Furthermore, a plurality of nozzle interfaces are connected on the furnace shell of the gasification furnace, and the number of the nozzle interfaces corresponds to that of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzles; the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle is connected to the gasifier shell through a nozzle interface, a flashboard is arranged at one end, connected with the gasifier shell, of the nozzle interface, and the flashboard is sealed and cooled through oxygen and water vapor so as to cut off the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle and communicate with the gasifier;
the gasification agent nozzles are arranged at the lower ends of the slurry fuel atomization nozzles, are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the gasifier shell, and are arranged in multiple layers along the height position of the gasifier; feeding 30-45% of the total amount of the gasifying agent into a gasification furnace in a layered manner for carrying out a graded gasification reaction; a gasification agent nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and 10-20% of the total amount of the gasification agent is fed into the gasification agent nozzle to be used as fluidized air at the bottom of the gasification furnace;
the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle is a two-fluid supersonic atomizing nozzle and comprises a slurry fuel channel and an atomizing medium channel, wherein the slurry fuel channel is in a type of contracting and then expanding, and is fully mixed with atomizing medium introduced into the atomizing medium channel to obtain supersonic airflow, and the slurry fuel is atomized by the supersonic airflow.
The slurry fuel channel is connected with a vaporization pump, the vaporization pump is communicated with an oxygen pipeline and a slurry fuel pipeline, and part of oxygen and the low-calorific-value slurry fuel are premixed in the vaporization pump and atomized in the slurry fuel channel;
the atomized medium channel is communicated with a mixing box, the mixing box is communicated with two pipelines, one pipeline is water vapor, the other pipeline is oxygen, the oxygen and the water vapor are sent into the atomized medium channel together, and the atomized slurry fuel is fully mixed and then sent into the gasification furnace body to be used as a gasification agent of the slurry fuel so as to meet the combustion and gasification of the low-calorific-value fuel;
a plurality of slurry fuel atomizing nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the gasifier shell, a plurality of layers are arranged along the height position of the gasifier, and low-calorific-value slurry fuel is fed into the gasifier in a layered mode to perform a grading reaction; the gasification agent introduced into the gasification furnace by the slurry fuel atomization nozzle accounts for 45-60% of the total amount of the gasification agent, and the gasification agent comprises premixed oxygen, atomized oxygen and water vapor.
Further, an ignition nozzle is arranged at the top end of the gasification furnace; the ignition nozzle selects gas and oil as fuel;
further, the gasification furnace is under normal pressure or pressurized.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a beneficial effect is:
the utility model provides a novel low-calorific-value slurry fuel gasification furnace, which provides a method for premixing low-calorific-value slurry fuel by using oxygen, can effectively improve the mixing uniformity of the low-calorific-value slurry fuel and the oxygen, and is beneficial to stable combustion of the low-calorific-value slurry fuel; meanwhile, the heat collected by the tail heat exchanger is utilized to preheat the low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel before atomization, so that the ignition temperature of the low-calorific-value slurry fuel can be reduced, and the multi-adaptability of the gasification furnace to the low-calorific-value slurry fuel is realized.
Two, the utility model provides a novel low heat value slurry fuel nozzle's installation pattern utilizes the high temperature flashboard and the gasification agent that the one end that nozzle interface and gasifier stove outer covering are connected set sealed and the cooling to cut slurry fuel atomizing nozzle intercommunication gasifier, can realize changing slurry fuel nozzle on line when moving, do not influence the operation of gasifier, do not need the blowing out and open the stove again, saved the running cost of gasifier greatly.
Thirdly, the utility model provides a two-fluid supersonic atomizing nozzle, which utilizes the mixture of two fluids of gasifying agent, namely oxygen and steam, as an atomizing medium; the slurry fuel channel is in a type of contracting and then expanding, and is fully mixed with the atomizing medium introduced into the atomizing medium channel to obtain supersonic airflow, and the low-calorific-value slurry fuel is atomized by utilizing the supersonic airflow, so that the atomization effect is good, the gas flow can be effectively reduced, and the atomization energy consumption is reduced.
Fourthly, the utility model provides a new slag discharging method, high temperature ash is discharged through the gas outlet along with the synthesis gas, enters the heat exchanger for heat exchange, carries out waste heat recovery, the synthesis gas (below 150 ℃) after cooling carries low temperature ash to enter the dust remover for dust removal and dust collection, the synthesis gas after dust removal is further processed and utilized in the next step through the processes of washing and the like; the method solves the problems that the slurry fuel gasification furnace is easy to burn out due to liquid-state slag discharge and easy to block due to solid-state slag discharge.
Fifthly, the utility model provides a structure that gasifying agents are sent into a gasification furnace in a grading way, and part of the gasifying agents needed by gasification reaction are used as atomizing and gasifying media through the uppermost slurry fuel nozzle; one part of the gasifying agent is sent to the middle lower part of the side wall of the furnace shell of the gasification furnace in a layered mode through a gasifying agent nozzle, so that the gasifying agent participates in the reaction in a graded mode; the rest gasifying agent is sent into the hearth through a gasifying agent nozzle arranged at the bottom of the furnace to be used as fluidized air; the high-temperature area in the gasification furnace can be elongated downwards through the reasonable distribution of the gasification agent, which is beneficial to the gasification reaction and the improvement of the carbon conversion rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a slurry fuel atomizing nozzle mounting structure of embodiment 1;
in the drawings: a gasification furnace body 1; a gasifier shell 101; an ignition nozzle 2; a slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3; a slurry fuel passage 31; an atomizing medium passage 32; a mixing tank 33; a nozzle interface 34; a shutter 35; a vaporization pump 36; gasifying agent nozzles 4 and 8; a gas outlet 5; a heat exchanger 6; a dust separator 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the utility model discloses a novel low heat value slurry fuel gasification stove can be used for the gasification of low heat value slurry fuel, and low heat value slurry fuel is made by useless, waste water, carbonaceous raw materials admittedly, and its carbon content is low, the calorific value is low, catch fire the difficulty, be difficult to stable burning. The control of the gasification reaction temperature in the gasification furnace is an important control means in the regulation and control process of the gasification furnace, the gas production components of the gasification furnace, the wall temperature of the gasification furnace, the service life of a nozzle, the gasification efficiency, the carbon residue and the like can be controlled by controlling the furnace temperature, and the control is a core means for controlling the working condition of the gasification furnace.
The utility model discloses a novel low heat value slurry fuel gasifier includes gasifier body 1, and gasifier body 1 is equipped with gasifier stove outer covering 101, the lateral wall upper segment of gasifier stove outer covering 101 is equipped with slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3, and gasifier stove outer covering 101 lateral wall hypomere is equipped with gasifying agent nozzle 4, and the low heat value slurry fuel that is prepared is atomized through slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 to be gasified in sending into gasifier body 1 with the form of atomizing, generate synthetic gas and high temperature ash.
The lower section of the side wall of the gasifier shell 101 is also provided with a gas outlet 5, and the gas outlet 5 is arranged at the lower end of the gasifying agent nozzle 4; the gas outlet 5 is sequentially provided with a heat exchanger 6 and a dust remover 7, and is matched with the synthesis gas and the high-temperature ash generated after gasification; the heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the pipeline of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle through a heat exchange pipe and preheats the low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel by absorbing the heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas.
Different from the existing slurry fuel gasification furnace, the low-calorific value slurry fuel in the structure is preheated by waste heat, atomized and introduced into the gasification furnace, the gasification process is completed to generate synthesis gas and high-temperature ash, the high-temperature ash is directly discharged through a gas outlet 5 along with the synthesis gas, the synthesis gas enters a heat exchanger for heat exchange to carry out waste heat recovery, the synthesis gas (below 150 ℃) after cooling carries low-temperature ash to enter a dust remover for dust removal and dust collection, and the synthesis gas after dust removal is subjected to next treatment and utilization through the processes of washing and the like; thereby solving the problems that the slurry fuel gasification furnace is easy to burn out due to liquid-state slag discharge and easy to block due to solid-state slag discharge.
The gasifier shell 101 is connected with a plurality of nozzle interfaces 34, and the number of the nozzle interfaces corresponds to that of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzles 3; the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 is fixed in the nozzle interface 34, a gap is reserved between the front end of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 and the gasifier shell 101, and the gap is used as a gate plate 35 to move so as to close a passage of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 to the gasifier when needed; the one end that nozzle interface 34 is connected with gasifier stove shell 101 disposes a flashboard 35, and flashboard 35 chooses for use the high temperature baffle, when slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 needs to be changed, need withdraw from slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3, pushes down flashboard 35 in order to close the passageway that slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 leads to gasifier stove shell 101, and when changing slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3, the gasifier is not influenced. When the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 is put into operation after being replaced, the gate plate 35 is opened to penetrate through the passage of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 to the gasifier shell 101, and the slurry fuel can be pushed into the gasifier, so that the operation of the gasifier is not affected when the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 is replaced, particularly, the gasifier does not need to be stopped and then started, and the operation cost of the gasifier is greatly saved.
The gasifier shell 101 is also provided with a gasifying agent nozzle 4, the gasifying agent nozzle 4 is arranged at the lower end of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3, a plurality of gasifying agent nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the gasifier shell, a plurality of layers are arranged along the height position of the gasifier, and 30-45% of the total quantity of the gasifying agent is sent into the gasifier in layers for a grading reaction;
the bottom of the gasification furnace is also provided with a gasification agent nozzle 8, 10-20% of the total amount of the gasification agent is fed into the gasification agent nozzle to be used as fluidized air at the bottom of the gasification furnace so as to disturb high-temperature ash, and the high-temperature ash is discharged by matching with the gas outlet 5 so as to avoid slag bonding and easy blockage of discharged slag.
The slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 is a two-fluid supersonic atomizing nozzle, and comprises a slurry fuel channel 31 and an atomizing medium channel 32, wherein a gasifying agent, namely oxygen and steam, is mixed to serve as an atomizing medium, the slurry fuel channel 31 is in a type of contracting and then expanding, and is fully mixed with the atomizing medium introduced into the atomizing medium channel 32 to obtain supersonic airflow, and the low-calorific-value slurry fuel is atomized by the supersonic airflow, so that the atomizing effect is good, the gas flow can be effectively reduced, and the atomizing energy consumption is reduced.
The slurry fuel channel 31 is connected with a vaporization pump 36, the vaporization pump 36 is communicated with an oxygen pipeline and a slurry fuel pipeline, part of oxygen and the low-calorific-value slurry fuel are premixed in the vaporization pump 36 and then atomized into the slurry fuel channel 31, and therefore the gasification efficiency of the low-calorific-value slurry fuel is improved.
The atomized medium channel 32 is communicated with a mixing box 33, the mixing box is communicated with two pipelines, one pipeline is water vapor, the other pipeline is oxygen, the oxygen and the water vapor are sent into the atomized medium channel 32 together, and the atomized slurry fuel is fully mixed and then sent into the gasification furnace body 1 to be used as a gasification agent of the slurry fuel, so that the combustion gasification of the low-calorific-value fuel is met. A plurality of slurry fuel atomizing nozzles 3 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the gasifier shell, a plurality of layers are arranged along the height position of the gasifier, and low-calorific-value slurry fuel is fed into the gasifier in a layered manner to carry out a grading reaction; the central axis of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3 forms a tangent circle on the central axis of the gasification furnace, so that the disturbance, mixing and reaction intensity in the gasification furnace can be effectively enhanced.
The gasifying agent introduced into the gasification furnace through the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle comprises premixed oxygen, atomized oxygen and water vapor, and accounts for 45-60% of the total amount of the gasifying agent.
The utility model provides a concept that gasification agent is sent into gasifier in grades, pass through the slurry fuel nozzle of the superiors 45 ~ 60% of the gasification agent that gasification reaction needs as atomizing and gasification medium, 30 ~ 45% of gasification agent total amount send into gasifier stove outer covering lateral wall middle and lower part through gasification agent nozzle layering, realized that gasification agent participates in the reaction in grades; the remaining 10-20% of the gasification agent is sent into the hearth through a gasification agent nozzle arranged at the bottom of the furnace to be used as fluidized air; the high-temperature area in the gasification furnace can be elongated by 1.1-1.5 times by reasonable distribution of the gasification agent, so that the gasification reaction and the carbon conversion rate can be improved, and the carbon conversion rate can be improved to more than 99%.
In the structure, the temperature in the gasification furnace is 1150-plus 1200 ℃ through reasonable distribution and grading reaction of the gasification agent and the low-heat value slurry fuel, most high-temperature fine ash can be discharged through a gas outlet along with the synthesis gas, and the fly ash is not fused to form large particles to be deposited in the gasification furnace due to local high temperature, so that various problems of solid or liquid slag discharge are avoided.
The top end of the gasification furnace is provided with an ignition nozzle 2, and the ignition nozzle 2 selects gas and oil as fuel.
The utility model discloses a novel flow in low heat value slurry fuel gasifier as follows: the preheated low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel is atomized by a slurry fuel atomizing nozzle 3, and is subjected to fractional gasification reaction with oxygen and water vapor in a gasification furnace body 1 to generate synthesis gas and high-temperature ash, the high-temperature ash is discharged through a gas outlet 5 along with the synthesis gas, enters a heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange, and is subjected to waste heat recovery, the cooled synthesis gas (below 150 ℃) carries ash to enter a dust remover 7 for dust removal and dust collection, and the synthesis gas subjected to dust removal is subjected to next treatment and utilization through processes such as washing.
Different from the conventional slurry fuel gasification furnace, the utility model discloses a preheat low calorific value carbonaceous slurry fuel by utilizing the heat collected by the tail heat exchanger, and premix the low calorific value carbonaceous slurry fuel by utilizing oxygen, so that the multi-adaptability of the gasification furnace to the low calorific value carbonaceous slurry fuel can be realized; meanwhile, a new slag discharging method is provided, and the problems that the gasification furnace is easy to burn due to liquid slag discharging and easy to block due to solid slag discharging are solved; the slurry fuel nozzle can be replaced on line during operation, the furnace does not need to be stopped and then started, the operation of the gasification furnace is not influenced, and the operation cost of the gasification furnace is greatly saved; finally, the proposal is that the double-fluid supersonic atomization and the gasifying agent participate in the reaction in stages, which can improve the gasification reaction and the carbon conversion rate.
Finally, it is noted that the above lists only specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the invention should be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A novel low-heating value slurry fuel gasification furnace is characterized in that: the gasification furnace is used for gasifying low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel, the upper section of the side wall of the furnace shell of the gasification furnace is provided with a plurality of slurry fuel atomizing nozzles, the lower section of the side wall of the furnace shell of the gasification furnace is provided with a plurality of gasifying agent nozzles, and the slurry fuel is atomized by the slurry fuel atomizing nozzles and is sent into the gasification furnace body in an atomized state for gasification to generate synthesis gas and high-temperature ash; the lower section of the side wall of the gasification furnace shell is also provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is arranged on the furnace shell at the lower end of the gasification agent nozzle, and the gas outlet is sequentially provided with a heat exchanger and a dust remover to discharge synthesis gas and high-temperature ash; the heat exchanger is communicated with a pipeline in front of the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle through a heat exchange pipe, and the low-calorific-value carbon-containing slurry fuel is preheated by absorbing the heat of the high-temperature synthesis gas.
2. The new low calorific value slurry fuel gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein: connect a plurality of nozzle interfaces on the gasification stove shell, nozzle interface cooperation slurry fuel atomizing nozzle sets up, slurry fuel atomizing nozzle passes through nozzle interface connection on the stove shell, just one end that nozzle interface and gasification stove shell are connected sets a flashboard, the flashboard seals and cools down through oxygen and water vapour, pushes down the flashboard in order to cut slurry fuel atomizing nozzle intercommunication the gasifier.
3. The novel low calorific value slurry fuel gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the gasification agent nozzles are arranged at the lower ends of the slurry fuel atomization nozzles, a plurality of the gasification agent nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace shell, a plurality of layers are arranged along the height position of the gasification furnace, and 30-45% of the total amount of the gasification agent is sent into the gasification furnace in a layered mode to carry out graded gasification reaction.
4. The new low calorific value slurry fuel gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein: and a gasification agent nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and 10-20% of the total amount of the gasification agent is fed into the gasification agent nozzle to be used as fluidized air at the bottom of the gasification furnace.
5. The new low calorific value slurry fuel gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, wherein: the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle is a two-fluid supersonic atomizing nozzle and comprises a slurry fuel channel and an atomizing medium channel, wherein the slurry fuel channel is in a type of contracting and then expanding, and is fully mixed with atomizing medium introduced into the atomizing medium channel to obtain supersonic airflow, and the slurry fuel is atomized by the supersonic airflow.
6. The new low calorific value slurry fuel gasification furnace according to claim 5, wherein: the slurry fuel channel is connected with a vaporization pump, the vaporization pump is communicated with an oxygen pipeline and a slurry fuel pipeline, and part of oxygen and the low-calorific-value slurry fuel are premixed in the vaporization pump and atomized in the slurry fuel channel; the atomized medium channel is communicated with a mixing box, the mixing box is communicated with two pipelines, one pipeline is water vapor, the other pipeline is oxygen, the oxygen and the water vapor are sent into the atomized medium channel together, and the atomized slurry fuel is fully mixed and then sent into the gasification furnace body to be used as a gasification agent of the slurry fuel, so that the combustion gasification of the low-calorific-value fuel is met.
7. The new low calorific value slurry fuel gasification furnace according to claim 5, wherein: a plurality of slurry fuel atomizing nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace shell, a plurality of layers are arranged along the height position of the gasification furnace, and low-calorific-value slurry fuel is fed into the gasification furnace in a layered mode to carry out graded reaction; the gasification agent introduced into the gasification furnace by the slurry fuel atomizing nozzle accounts for 45-60% of the total amount of the gasification agent.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110387266A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-29 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | A kind of novel low value fuel slurry gasification furnace |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110387266A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-29 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | A kind of novel low value fuel slurry gasification furnace |
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