CN210839597U - Quantum-classical common fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing - Google Patents
Quantum-classical common fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system of fine transmission is altogether to quantum-classic based on mould division multiplexing, send ware, first mode multiplexer, second mode multiplexer, EDFA, mode demultiplexer, MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classic signal receiver, QKD receiver and transmission link including 2 classic signal transmitter, QKD. The transmission link adopts few-mode fiber transmission and comprises N erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The receiving end comprises a mode demultiplexer, a digital signal processing MIMO, 2 classical signal receivers and a QKD receiver. The utility model discloses on the basis that adopts the mould division multiplexing increase transmission capacity, can be according to the automatic power of pump light among the erbium-doped fiber amplifier of regulation of the bit error rate of classical signal and quantum signal receiving terminal, MDL damages among the reduction MDM system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a secret communication field of quantum especially relates to a quantum-classic fine transmission's system altogether based on mould division multiplexing.
Background
The optical fiber has become a main medium for network transmission at present by virtue of its advantages of large capacity, strong anti-interference performance, low loss and the like. With the increasing progress of social informatization, people have an increasing demand for the capacity of optical fibers, and researchers in various countries are trying to expand the capacity of optical fibers by using different multiplexing techniques with various degrees of freedom of optical fibers, such as time, frequency, polarization state, phase, and the like, but these are all realized by using single-mode optical fibers. However, as the capacity of optical fibers increases, the nonlinear effects of optical fibers in these systems become stronger and have gradually approached the shannon limit of fiber nonlinear transmission.
Quantum cryptography guarantees the security of information transfer by using the basic principle of quantum physics, and theoretically has unconditional security. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is the most mature Quantum cryptography technology developed. The QKD uses a single photon to transmit key information between the sender Alice and the receiver Bob, and because the single photon is easily influenced by other signals, the QKD network mainly adopts a single optical fiber to transmit quantum signals at present.
In order to save the cost of QKD network laying, the QKD network can be integrated with an existing classical communication network, so that quantum signals and classical signals are transmitted in a common fiber. A commonly used technique is Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), but WDM using single mode fiber has reached the limit of nonlinear transmission due to the increasing capacity of optical fiber.
The Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) technology based on few-Mode Fiber (FMF, Few-Mode Fiber) is expected to solve the problem of transmission capacity. The MDM is used for respectively carrying one path of signals to be transmitted in the same optical fiber by utilizing mutually orthogonal modes, so that the capacity of the system is greatly improved. The few-mode fiber effectively reduces the nonlinear effect by virtue of the larger mode field area compared with a single-mode fiber.
In long-distance transmission, an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) needs to be inserted every 40-120 km to increase the signal power to a transmitting state, but a Mode gain difference of the EDFA causes a Mode Dependent Loss (MDL), which is one of the most important link impairments, so that the EDFA provides the same gain for all modes as much as possible in order to reduce the MDL. MDL destroys orthogonality between transmission modes, affects transmission capacity of the system, and accumulates as distance increases. Therefore, finding a way to reduce the effects of MDL is particularly important for quantum-classical fusion systems.
"prior art patent: (CN 108667530) provides a transmission system for multiplexing a classical light intensity self-adjusting quantum signal with a classical signal, but it uses a wavelength division multiplexing technique based on single-mode fiber, and its feedback adjusts the attenuation coefficient for attenuating the classical signal, and does not consider the MDL generated in the fiber amplifier. "
"prior art patent: (CN 109039589) provides an apparatus and method for transmitting a quantum signal and a classical signal multiplexing optical fiber, but it automatically adjusts an attenuation coefficient according to noise feedback information of a receiving terminal to attenuate the classical signal, does not consider MDL generated in an amplifier, and uses a wavelength division multiplexing technique based on a single mode optical fiber, and the nonlinear effect is large. "
"prior art patent: (CN 108631904) provides a method for compensating damage of a lattice reduction-based mode division multiplexing system, but the method is complicated, and the security performance is poor without using QKD technology. "
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the bottleneck of above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model provides a quantum-classic is fine with passing system altogether based on mould division multiplexing, the classic signal receiver and the QKD receiver through the receiving end feed back the error rate information that receives to EDFA, and the power of pumping in the adjustment EDFA realizes that signal mode gain is balanced to reduce the influence of MDL to the system. The situation that in the existing long-distance mode division multiplexing transmission system, the transmission capacity of the system is reduced due to the fact that large mode gain difference exists among different modes caused by the EDFA is improved.
In order to achieve the above technical effects, the technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
a quantum-classical co-fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing comprises 2 classical signal transmitters, a QKD transmitter, a first mode multiplexer, a second mode multiplexer, an EDFA, a mode demultiplexer, a MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classical signal receivers, a QKD receiver and a transmission link;
the 2 classical signal transmitters are respectively connected with the first mode multiplexer, and the first mode multiplexer is connected with the EDFA through FMF; the QKD transmitter and the first mode multiplexer are connected to one end of the second mode multiplexer, respectively; the other end of the second mode multiplexer is connected with the mode demultiplexer through an FMF; the mode demultiplexer is connected with one end of the MIMO digital signal processing unit, and the other end of the MIMO digital signal processing unit is respectively connected with the 2 classical signal receivers and the QKD receiver; the 2 classical signal receivers and the QKD receiver are connected with EDFAs;
2 classical signals sent by 2 classical signal transmitters reach a first mode multiplexer through transmission, and LP of the 2 classical signals01The modes are converted into high-order modes of 2 different classical signals at the first mode multiplexer, and then reach the second mode multiplexer through the EDFA, and are matched with LP of quantum signals sent by the QKD transmitter01The modes are multiplexed in a second mode multiplexer, in which the higher order modes of the 2 classical signals are coupled with the LP of the quantum signal01The dies are all kept unchanged; the retransmission arrives at the mode demultiplexer, which will receive2 of the classical signal back to LP01LP of modal, quantum signals01The mold remains unchanged; finally, after the classical signals and the quantum signals are subjected to signal damage compensation by the MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classical signals are transmitted to 2 classical signal receivers, and the quantum signals are transmitted to the QKD receiver; and the classical signal receiver and the QKD receiver feed error rate information back to the EDFA, and the EDFA automatically adjusts the pumping power according to the error rate and balances the gain among the modes.
Specifically, the transmission link adopts few-mode optical fibers and comprises N erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.
Preferably, the EDFA includes a mode multiplexer, a dichroic mirror, a pump light source, and a few-mode gain fiber. Specifically, after being multiplexed by respective multiplexers, the 2 signal modes and the pumping mode emitted by the pumping light source are injected into the few-mode gain fiber together through the dichroic mirror, and in the few-mode gain fiber, each signal mode realizes amplification output under the action of the pumping light.
Specifically, the QKD transmitter is quantum key information transmitted based on the spoofed state BB84 protocol.
In particular, the classical signal transmitter comprises a laser diode and an intensity modulator. Specifically, the QKD transmitter comprises a pulse laser, an intensity modulator, 2 beam splitters BS and a phase modulation phi which are connected in sequenceA. Further, the QKD receiver includes 2 beam splitters BS, 2 detectors, and a phase modulation ΦBThe 2 detectors are all connected to one of the beam splitters BS.
In the present invention, the first mode multiplexer is used for multiplexing 2 classical signals, the second mode multiplexer is used for multiplexing 2 classical signals and quantum signals passing through EDFA, and the mode demultiplexer is used for demultiplexing 2 classical signals and quantum signals.
Preferably, the mode multiplexer/demultiplexer adopts a lobe-based directional controller type mode multiplexer/demultiplexer.
Furthermore, the mode multiplexer/demultiplexer can simultaneously realize the mode conversion from a single mode to a low-mode optical fiber medium-high-order mode and the multiplexing/demultiplexing function, so that the input end and the output end save the device of the mode converter.
Preferably, the MIMO digital signal processing can compensate for the impairment of the signal brought by the transmission link.
Preferably, the classical signal receiver and the QKD receiver can feed error rate information back to the pump of the EDFA, so that the pump can adjust power automatically as required to equalize gain difference between modes.
Further, in order to have similar mode gain for the higher order modes of the 2 classical signals, the mode of the pump source can be set to LP01Mold and LP21And the mode can make the difference of the gain of two signal modes at the tail end of the EDFA about 0.5 dB.
The utility model also provides a quantum-classic fine transmission method altogether based on mould division multiplexing, including following step:
s1, system initialization: testing whether each device can work normally or not, and testing whether the signal-to-noise ratio reaches a normal level or not; if normal, go to S2; if not, debugging the equipment again;
s2, signal preparation: the classical signal transmitter converts an optical signal into a classical signal through a laser diode and an intensity modulator; the QKD sender prepares a quantum signal according to a decoy BB84 protocol;
s3, mode conversion and multiplexing: 2 classical signals of the fundamental modes are converted into different and mutually orthogonal high-order modes through a first mode multiplexer and are multiplexed and transmitted in the same few-mode optical fiber;
s4, EDFA: different high-order modes of the multiplexed 2 classical signals enter the EDFA for signal gain;
s5, mode multiplexing: different high-order modes of 2 classical signals subjected to EDFA gain and quantum signals in a fundamental mode sent by a QKD sender are multiplexed by a second mode multiplexer and transmitted in the same optical fiber;
s6, mode conversion and demultiplexing: after the 2 classical signals and the quantum signals are transmitted by a few-mode optical fiber, the signals are decomposed into independent signals through a mode demultiplexer, wherein the 2 classical signals are converted into a fundamental mode from a high-order mode and are transmitted continuously;
s7, MIMO digital signal processing: performing signal compensation on the 2 classical signals and the quantum signals in an MIMO digital signal processing unit;
s8, error rate detection: after 2 classical signals and quantum signals are transmitted to respective receivers, generating corresponding error rate conditions; if the error rates of the classical signals and the quantum signals are lower than the set threshold value, establishing safe communication; and if the error rate of the classical signals and/or the quantum signals is higher than the set threshold value, abandoning the data transmitted at this time, feeding the situation back to the EDFA, and adjusting the power of the pump mode by the EDFA according to the situation to reestablish new communication.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1. the utility model provides a quantum-classic is fine system of passing altogether based on mould division multiplexing has greatly promoted the capacity of system. The system commonly used is generally based on wavelength division multiplexing, and its system has reached the limit of nonlinear transmission, the utility model discloses a mode division multiplexing utilize the mode of mutual quadrature to bear signal transmission all the way in same root optic fibre respectively for the capacity greatly increased of system.
2. The utility model provides a quantum-classic is fine system of passing altogether based on mould division multiplexing, the effectual nonlinear effect that has reduced. The utility model discloses a few mode fiber transmits, uses single mode fiber to compare with the tradition, and few mode fiber relies on its great mode field area, can reduce the interference of classical signal to quantum signal at to a great extent for the nonlinear effect in the system effectively reduces.
3. The utility model provides a quantum-classic is fine with passing system altogether based on mould division multiplexing, gain between can automatic equalization mould. The utility model discloses well 2 classical signal receiver and QKD receivers can feed back EDFA according to the condition of error rate for the power of EDFA automatically regulated pumping, gain between balanced mould.
4. The utility model provides a quantum-classic is fine system of passing altogether based on mould division multiplexing has effectively promoted the security performance of system. The utility model discloses what adopt when transmission quantum signal is the mode of phase encoding to use and lure attitude BB84 agreement, make the security performance of system obtain great promotion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural framework diagram of the quantum-classical co-fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmitting end of the QKD transmitter of the system for quantum-classical common fiber transmission based on mode division multiplexing of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the receiving end structure of the QKD receiver of the system for quantum-classical common fiber transmission based on mode division multiplexing of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an internal schematic diagram of an EDFA of the quantum-classical co-fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the system for quantum-classical co-fiber transmission based on mode division multiplexing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1;
a quantum-classical co-fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing comprises 2 classical signal transmitters, a QKD transmitter, a first mode multiplexer, a second mode multiplexer, an EDFA, a mode demultiplexer, a MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classical signal receivers, a QKD receiver and a transmission link; the transmission link adopts few-mode optical fibers and comprises N erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers.
The 2 classical signal transmitters are respectively connected with the first mode multiplexer, and the first mode multiplexer is connected with the EDFA through FMF; the QKD transmitter and the first mode multiplexer are connected to one end of the second mode multiplexer, respectively; the other end of the second mode multiplexer is connected with the mode demultiplexer through an FMF; the mode demultiplexer is connected with one end of the MIMO digital signal processing unit, and the other end of the MIMO digital signal processing unit is respectively connected with the 2 classical signal receivers and the QKD receiver; the 2 classical signal receivers and the QKD receiver are connected with EDFAs;
2 classical signals sent by 2 classical signal transmitters reach a first mode multiplexer through transmission, and LP of the 2 classical signals01The modes are converted into high-order modes of 2 different classical signals at the first mode multiplexer, and then reach the second mode multiplexer through the EDFA, and are matched with LP of quantum signals sent by the QKD transmitter01The modes are multiplexed in a second mode multiplexer, in which the higher order modes of the 2 classical signals are coupled with the LP of the quantum signal01The dies are all kept unchanged; the retransmission arrives at the mode demultiplexer, which converts the high order modes of the 2 classical signals received back to LP01LP of modal, quantum signals01The mold remains unchanged; finally, after the classical signals and the quantum signals are subjected to signal damage compensation by the MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classical signals are transmitted to 2 classical signal receivers, and the quantum signals are transmitted to the QKD receiver; and the classical signal receiver and the QKD receiver feed error rate information back to the EDFA, and the EDFA automatically adjusts the pumping power according to the error rate and balances the gain among the modes.
In the embodiment of the present invention, 1310nm quantum signal and 1550nm classical signal are used. Specifically, the QKD transmitter is quantum key information transmitted based on the BB84 protocol.
The EDFA comprises a mode multiplexer, a dichroic mirror, a pumping light source and few-mode gain fibers. Specifically, after being multiplexed by respective multiplexers, the 2 signal modes and the pumping mode emitted by the pumping light source are injected into the few-mode gain fiber together through the dichroic mirror, and in the few-mode gain fiber, each signal mode realizes amplification output under the action of the pumping light.
Specifically, the mode multiplexer/demultiplexer employs a lobe-based directional controller type mode multiplexer/demultiplexer.
The mode multiplexer/demultiplexer can simultaneously realize the mode conversion from a single mode to a low-mode optical fiber medium-high-order mode and the multiplexing/demultiplexing functions, so that the input end and the output end save the device of the mode converter.
In particular, the classical signal transmitter comprises a laser diode and an intensity modulator.
Specifically, the QKD transmitter comprises a pulse laser, an intensity modulator, 2 beam splitters BS and a phase modulation phi which are connected in sequenceA。
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a quantum signal Alice end sends a weak coherent pulse, and the weak coherent pulse passes through an unequal arm interferometer MZI, wherein a route phase modulates ΦACoding, recording the secret key information of Alice terminal, phiAThe radicals are chosen to be (0, π) or (π/2, 3 π/2).
Further, through the intensity modulator, Alice can randomly prepare and send a signal state or a spoofing state, so that an attacker Eve cannot distinguish the signal state or the spoofing state, thereby avoiding PNS attack.
Specifically, the number of modes carried by the few-mode fiber is determined by the normalized cutoff frequency V, and the calculation formula of the normalized cutoff frequency V is as follows:
where a is the core radius and λ represents the wavelength, it can be seen from the formula that control over the number of modes supported by the fiber can be achieved by varying the refractive index and the core radius. When the normalized cut-off frequency of the optical fiber is more than or equal to 2.405V<3.823, the fiber will simultaneously support LP01Mold and LP11Mold, and LP11The mode comprises two degenerate modes LP11aAnd LP11bTherefore, the normalized cutoff frequency of FMF should be set between 2.405-3.823.
The QKD receiver includes 2 beam splitters BS, 2 detectors, and a phase modulation ΦBThe 2 detectors are all connected to one of the beam splitters BS.
Specifically, after the pulse comes to the end of the quantum signal Bob, the two paths of pulses pass through the unequal phaseArm interferometer MZI wherein the phase modulator ΦBRandomly selecting at (0, pi/2), judging the transmitted bit value by the Bob end according to the phase difference, and when the phase difference is pi, the bit value is 1; when the phase difference is 0, the bit value is 0.
Preferably, the classical signal receiver and the QKD receiver feed back the error rate condition to the EDFA, so that the EDFA automatically adjusts the pumping power according to the error rate condition and balances the gain between modes.
Specifically, when the EDFA reaches a steady state, the particle number equation can be expressed as:
where k denotes the wavelength, i denotes the mode at this wavelength, Ps，k，iI-th mode signal power at wavelength k, Pp，jIs the j pumping mode power of the pump light, PASE,k,i(z) is the amplified spontaneous emission power, σes,kIs a radiation cross section, σas,kIn order to be an absorption cross-section,
the concentration distribution of the energy level erbium ions on the erbium-doped fiber on the cross section of the fiber,
is the total erbium ion concentration distribution in the erbium-doped fiber. Second, the propagation equation for the ith mode of signal light wavelength k can be expressed as:
formula (III) αsIs the background loss coefficient of signal light in the erbium-doped fiber, which is generally 0.03dB/m,
for doping with erbiumThe concentration distribution of erbium ions at the lower energy level of the optical fiber in the cross section of the optical fiber,
is the normalized light intensity distribution on the section of the optical fiber. From the above two formulas, it can be seen that the power variation of each signal mode in the few-mode fiber and the pumping mode normalized light intensity
It is related.
Specifically, according to the experiment: the wavelength of the pump source is 980nm, and when the pump source is 150mw LP21The gain difference between the two signals is about 4 dB; when a pumping source is added with LP with the power of 8mw01The mode gain difference of the two signals is improved well, and the mode gain difference of the two signals at the tail end of the EDFA is about 0.5 dB.
Furthermore, when the error rate is larger, the LP in the pump source can be changed01To improve the modal gain difference of the two signals.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, in light of the above teachings and teachings. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum-classical co-fiber transmission system based on mode division multiplexing is characterized by comprising 2 classical signal transmitters, a QKD transmitter, a first mode multiplexer, a second mode multiplexer, an EDFA, a mode demultiplexer, a MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classical signal receivers, a QKD receiver and a transmission link;
the 2 classical signal transmitters are respectively connected with the first mode multiplexer, and the first mode multiplexer is connected with the EDFA through FMF; the QKD transmitter and the first mode multiplexer are connected to one end of the second mode multiplexer, respectively; the other end of the second mode multiplexer is connected with the mode demultiplexer through an FMF; the mode demultiplexer is connected with one end of the MIMO digital signal processing unit, and the other end of the MIMO digital signal processing unit is respectively connected with the 2 classical signal receivers and the QKD receiver; the 2 classical signal receivers and the QKD receiver are connected with EDFAs;
2 classical signals sent by 2 classical signal transmitters reach a first mode multiplexer through transmission, and LP of the 2 classical signals01The modes are converted into high-order modes of 2 different classical signals at the first mode multiplexer, and then reach the second mode multiplexer through the EDFA, and are matched with LP of quantum signals sent by the QKD transmitter01The modes are multiplexed in a second mode multiplexer, in which the higher order modes of the 2 classical signals are coupled with the LP of the quantum signal01The dies are all kept unchanged; the retransmission arrives at the mode demultiplexer, which converts the high order modes of the 2 classical signals received back to LP01LP of modal, quantum signals01The mold remains unchanged; finally, after the classical signals and the quantum signals are subjected to signal damage compensation by the MIMO digital signal processing unit, 2 classical signals are transmitted to 2 classical signal receivers, and the quantum signals are transmitted to the QKD receiver; and the classical signal receiver and the QKD receiver feed error rate information back to the EDFA, and the EDFA automatically adjusts the pumping power according to the error rate and balances the gain among the modes.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the QKD transmitter is based on quantum key information transmitted by BB84 protocol.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the EDFA comprises a mode multiplexer, a dichroic mirror, a pump light source and a few-mode gain fiber.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the mode setting of the pump light source is LP01Mold and LP21And (5) molding.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first mode multiplexer is configured to multiplex 2 classical signals, the second mode multiplexer is configured to multiplex the 2 classical signals and the quantum signals via the EDFA, and the mode demultiplexer is configured to demultiplex the 2 classical signals and the quantum signals.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the classical signal transmitter comprises a laser diode and an intensity modulator.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the QKD transmitter comprises a pulse laser, an intensity modulator, 2 Beam Splitters (BSs) and a phase modulation (phi) connected in sequenceA。
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the QKD receiver comprises 2 Beam Splitters (BSs), 2 detectors, and a phase modulation (Φ)BThe 2 detectors are all connected to one of the beam splitters BS.
9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transmission link uses few-mode fiber and includes N erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.
10. A system for quantum-classical co-fiber transmission based on mode division multiplexing according to claim 1, wherein the mode multiplexer/demultiplexer adopts a mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on lobe-type directional controller.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111162866A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-15 | 华南师范大学 | Quantum-classical common fiber transmission system and method based on mode division multiplexing |
| CN113783317A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2021-12-10 | 北京邮电大学 | Energy-signaling common transmission system and method based on few-mode optical fiber |
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2019
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111162866A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-15 | 华南师范大学 | Quantum-classical common fiber transmission system and method based on mode division multiplexing |
| CN111162866B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-07-28 | 广东尤科泊得科技发展有限公司 | Quantum-classical common fiber transmission system and method based on mode division multiplexing |
| CN113783317A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2021-12-10 | 北京邮电大学 | Energy-signaling common transmission system and method based on few-mode optical fiber |
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