CN210798438U - Refuge chamber - Google Patents
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- CN210798438U CN210798438U CN201920466576.5U CN201920466576U CN210798438U CN 210798438 U CN210798438 U CN 210798438U CN 201920466576 U CN201920466576 U CN 201920466576U CN 210798438 U CN210798438 U CN 210798438U
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 51
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 65
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910014455 Ca-Cb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011497 Univariate linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application discloses refuge chamber includes: an oxygen generating device, a filtering device, a detecting device and a control device; the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device are configured according to the sealing characteristic parameters of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement; the detection device is used for detecting the content of gas in the refuge chamber and generating a corresponding detection result; the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result detected by the detection device. According to the method, a house capable of serving as a refuge room is selected from a plurality of houses by taking the characteristic parameters of the airtightness as selection criteria; allocating oxygen generating devices and filtering devices with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber according to the characteristic parameters of the tightness and the refuge requirement; the refuge chamber is provided with a perfect device, the specification of the device can meet the requirements of refugees, the refuge environment is provided for the refugees, the waiting rescue time is strived for, and meanwhile the cost of the refuge chamber is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of safe refuge, in particular to a refuge chamber.
Background
The occurrence of safety accidents often causes huge economic loss and personal injury, and influences the normal life of people. Especially in the chemical industry park or the area of high sulfur gas field, once the accident happens, can bring the leakage of poison gas simultaneously, the life safety of peripheral public will receive very big threat. Therefore, after a serious production safety accident (especially toxic gas leakage and diffusion) occurs in the area, a protection strategy combining multiple strategies such as evacuation, refuge and the like needs to be adopted.
The refuge chamber is used as a refuge area where people can not be normally evacuated, temporarily stays for waiting for rescue or after toxic gas leaks when an accident happens, can make up the defects of difficulty in external rescue and limited self rescue capacity, wins time for rescue and improves the survival rate of accident people.
The existing refuge chamber is rarely used in practice, the selection of the refuge chamber and the arrangement of other refuge equipment are not complete, or the arrangement of corresponding equipment is not set according to the specific situation of the refuge chamber at present, and the situations can obstruct the practical application of the refuge chamber.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides a refuge chamber, comprising: an oxygen generating device, a filtering device, a detecting device and a control device; wherein,
the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device are configured according to the sealing characteristic parameters of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement;
the detection device is used for detecting the content of the gas in the refuge chamber and generating a corresponding detection result;
the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result detected by the detection device.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter of the tightness includes a porosity equivalent area atAnd the porosity equivalent area A of the refuge chambertLess than a preset threshold.
Optionally, obtaining the porosity equivalent area AtThe method comprises the following steps:
measuring the gas exchange rate E of the house to be measured corresponding to each temperature value under the specified closed condition under the condition of different house outdoor temperature values T;
performing data fitting according to the corresponding relation between the obtained temperature value and the gas exchange rate E;
determining the porosity equivalent area A according to the data fitting resultt。
Optionally, obtaining the porosity equivalent area AtThe method comprises the following steps:
setting different pressure difference environments for a house to be measured through fan equipment, and respectively testing the air flow generated by the fan equipment when each pressure difference exists;
converting the air flow generated by the fan equipment at each pressure difference obtained by testing into the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low-pressure value;
according to the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low pressure value, the porosity equivalent area A obtained by a standard closed space test in advancetIn the air flow corresponding table, the porosity equivalent area A corresponding to the air flow value when the pressure difference is a preset low pressure value is obtained by inquiringt；
The porosity equivalent area A obtained by inquiringtAs the porosity equivalent area A of the measured houset。
Optionally, the method further includes: a communication device; and the control device controls the communication device to send out a communication signal according to a detection result detected by the detection device.
Optionally, the method further includes: the escape device comprises a headgear type individual protection device.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the application provides a refuge chamber, comprising: an oxygen generating device, a filtering device, a detecting device and a control device; the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device are configured according to the sealing characteristic parameters of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement; the detection device is used for detecting the content of the gas in the refuge chamber and generating a corresponding detection result; the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result detected by the detection device. According to the method, a house capable of serving as a refuge room is selected from a plurality of houses by taking the characteristic parameters of the airtightness as selection criteria; allocating oxygen generating devices and filtering devices with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber according to the characteristic parameters of the tightness and the refuge requirement; the refuge chamber is provided with a perfect device, the specification of the device can meet the requirements of refugees, the refuge environment is provided for the refugees, the waiting rescue time is strived for, and meanwhile the cost of the refuge chamber is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for arranging refuge chambers according to a first embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present application for obtaining a porosity equivalent area AtA method flowchart of (1);
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for measuring a gas exchange rate E according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a house provided in accordance with a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the fitting result of concentration data and time data provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the fitting result of concentration data and time data provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a porosity equivalent area A provided in the first embodiment of the present applicationtThe fitting result of (1) is shown schematically;
FIG. 8 is another alternative embodiment of the porosity equivalent area A provided in the first embodiment of the present applicationtA method flowchart of (1);
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing pressure difference-air flow rate in a pressure difference range of 25Pa to 50Pa in a tested closed space provided by the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 shows a standard enclosed space with a porosity equivalent area A provided in the first embodiment of the present applicationtIs 1.0cm2/m2A pressure difference-air flow schematic diagram when the pressure difference range is 10Pa-50 Pa;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a refuge chamber provided in a second embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of implementation in many different ways than those herein set forth and of similar import by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of this application and is therefore not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.
As background art, the refuge chamber of the present application is intended to provide a good refuge place for refugees, and can satisfy the current environment and the requirements of the refugees. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose, the refuge chamber of the application can be selected in advance, for example, a suitable house is selected as the refuge chamber at a position close to a chemical industry park (a leakage source), so that refugees in the chemical industry park can arrive at the refuge chamber in time to carry out refuge when toxic gas leaks, and the suction amount of the toxic gas is reduced; the appropriate house can be selected as the refuge room at a far distance position of the chemical industry park, so that people living around the chemical industry park can also arrive at the refuge room in time for refuge when toxic gas leaks; that is, the refuge chamber of the present application is not the only fixed one, and can be used as a refuge chamber according to the current geographical requirement and meeting the requirement of being able to be used as a refuge chamber. Of course, the refuge chambers are different in distance from the leakage source, so that the requirements for the refuge chambers are different, and the devices correspondingly arranged in the refuge chambers are different, and the specific arrangement of the devices is described in detail below.
It should be noted that the refuge chamber of the present application may be designed and built separately, or may be evaluated and selected according to a house which is already built currently; for example, no redundant houses around the chemical industry park are used as refuge rooms, and houses meeting the requirements of the refuge rooms can be designed and built independently; or in the residential community, selecting a proper house as a refuge room; further alternatively, in a living room, a room satisfying as an evacuation room is selected as the evacuation room, and the room may be any one of a toilet room, a bedroom, and a kitchen.
In order to determine whether a house meets the condition as a refuge room in advance, a first embodiment of the application provides a refuge room setting method, and referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart schematic diagram of the refuge room setting method provided by the application.
Specifically, as a refuge chamber mainly used for protection in case of gas leakage, the primary limitation condition of the refuge chamber is the self-tightness, and the tightness determines the amount of toxic gas entering the refuge chamber in unit time. For example, in a plurality of houses, each house is made to have a different air-tightness because of its building structure and construction age; when one house is selected as the refuge chamber, the house with higher tightness is naturally selected as the refuge chamber in preference, so that the permeation amount of toxic gas can be reduced in the same time, and the refuge effect of the refuge chamber is improved. See step S101 for details.
Before step S101 is executed, the candidate houses need to be screened by classifying and classifying the houses, so as to select a suitable house as the refuge room. Wherein, the screening criterion one: grading is performed according to the construction age of the selected house. Because the building construction time is different, the house tightness performance is also different, obviously, the house with the earlier construction age is worn for a long time, the house tightness performance is lower, and the tightness parameter is higher (self-defined); for example: the house of the 70 s has the tightness parameter of 0.7; the air tightness parameter of the house of 80 s is 0.4; the airtightness parameter of the house in the 90 s is 0.2; therefore, the houses in the 90 s can be divided into first-class refuge chambers, and the house in the 90 s has higher sealing performance; dividing houses of 80 years into two types of refuge chambers; the houses in the 70 s are divided into three types of refuge rooms. Thus, higher order refuge chambers (class one) can be placed closer to the source of the leak, and lower order refuge chambers can be placed farther from the source of the leak. Of course, when the refuge room is selected, a house with a relatively short construction age should be selected as the refuge room.
And a second standard: the grading is performed according to the building type of the selected house. The building structure of the house is different, so the tightness of the house is different. For example, in houses with building types such as a steel-concrete frame structure, a steel-concrete shear wall structure, a steel-concrete frame-shear wall structure, a steel structure type and the like, doors and windows of the houses are horizontally opened, roofs and wall surfaces are made of cement, and the house sealing performance is high; the refuge chamber can be used as a class-class refuge chamber, so that the refuge chamber with higher building structure tightness grade can be arranged at a position close to a leakage source.
Of course, the criteria of the two screened houses can also be adopted simultaneously, so as to select the appropriate refuge chamber. The selection range of the refuge chambers can be further narrowed by screening the houses according to the two standards, so that the workload of selecting the refuge chambers from a large number of houses is reduced, and the selection requirement and the selection efficiency of the refuge chambers are improved.
After the houses are screened according to the two standards, step S101 is executed, and the houses with the characteristic tightness parameters meeting the predetermined requirements are selected as refuge rooms.
Wherein, the characteristic parameter of the tightness in the step refers to the equivalent area A of the porositytPorosity equivalent area AtAn index is defined by the applicant, and means that the index represents the area of a house through which gas diffuses into the house，AtBy physical is meant that the house itself has a large number of voids, invisible or hardly noticeable to the naked eye, through which gas can enter and exit the house, the area of these voids and the volume ratio to the house being AtTo perform characterization. Thus, AtAs an inherent index of a house, different house structures, and different house construction times have different porosity equivalent areas AtThe value is obtained.
The porosity equivalent area A is knowntThen, the formula Q ═ D × A can be passedt*(Ca-Cb) And calculating to obtain the gas quantity entering the house. Wherein Q is the amount of gas entering the house; d is from the Maxwell-Gilleland formula; the mass diffusion coefficient D represents the mass or number of moles of a substance diffused vertically through a unit area under the condition of a unit time per unit concentration gradient along the diffusion direction. CaIs the gas concentration of the external environment, CbIs the gas concentration inside the house, Ca-CbIndicating the gas concentration gradient inside and outside the house. D (C)a-Cb) Then it is indicated as (C)a-Cb) The mass or moles of gas diffused per unit area of the house per time under the concentration gradient of (a).
Further, in the present embodiment, the porosity equivalent area a is obtainedtThe method comprises the following two methods, in particular:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a diagram for obtaining the porosity equivalent area AtOne of which is a schematic flow diagram. In step S201, the gas exchange rate E corresponding to each temperature value of the room under the predetermined closed condition is measured under the condition of the different room outdoor temperature values T.
Wherein the gas exchange rate E is V (m) for a volume3) Room air intake (m) per unit volume for the house or refuge room to be measured3In s). The measured gas exchange rate E is tested by a concentration attenuation method, namely a certain amount of tracer gas is pre-filled in the measured house, the concentration of the tracer gas in the measured house exponentially attenuates along with the change of time, and the root of the tracer gas isThe gas exchange rate E of the room to be measured is calculated from the decay rate of the trace gas concentration. Referring to fig. 3, a flow chart of a method for measuring the gas exchange rate E is shown.
Step S201-1, a concentration test instrument is placed at a test point in a room to be tested.
In this embodiment, the number of test points is usually set according to the overall structure of the house, and usually three or more test points are set and distributed at different positions of the house, so that the measurement error of a single test point when the concentration attenuation in the house is measured can be eliminated, and the validity of the measurement data is ensured. On the other hand, a plurality of test points are arranged, and before the measurement is started, whether the tracer gas is uniformly distributed in the whole house can be judged by comparing the concentration values of the tracer gas in the house, which are measured by the test points at different positions. And when the concentration value deviation of the tracer gas measured by each test point is smaller than the threshold value, simultaneously starting to record the concentration attenuation starting time of each test point, thereby effectively determining the starting point of the concentration attenuation in the house.
The concentration measuring instrument has two types which respectively correspond to different measuring modes. One of the measuring instruments is that a gas sensor and a desktop are integrally arranged, and the change of concentration needs to be observed in real time inside a house; the other measuring instrument can realize real-time observation and detection of concentration outside a house through a gas collecting device, and data are stored through a desktop computer. The technical solution of the present step is further explained by taking the test of a specific house as an example, please refer to fig. 4, which shows a schematic structural diagram of a house.
Referring to fig. 4, during the specific test, a test instrument is installed in the house 100, and an online sulfur hexafluoride gas transmitter (online detector) is respectively placed at A, B, C, D, and a desk-top sulfur hexafluoride detector is placed at the house center point (E).
Step S201-2, keeping the indoor closed environment of the house to be measured, releasing the tracer gas indoors, and enabling the tracer gas to be uniformly diffused to the whole internal space of the house to be measured.
The indoor closed environment is a relatively closed environment, namely, a relatively closed environment is formed by closing doors and windows of a house and other ventilation equipment, and the closed environment of the house is also maintained in the process of measuring the attenuation of the gas concentration. For example, when a measuring instrument for observing a concentration change indoors is used, a person in the room cannot get in or out of the room during measurement, and the diffusion of gas in the room to the outdoor environment is prohibited.
After the tracer gas is released indoors, the test instruments arranged at the test points start to respectively test the concentration of the tracer gas at the positions along with the diffusion of the tracer gas indoors. Whether the tracer gas is uniformly diffused into the whole house can be judged through the concentration test data of each test point. For example, a test instrument is set up at three test points inside a house, and the time t1 is recorded when the concentration deviation of the trace gas at the three test points is smaller than a threshold value. And (4) taking the time t1 as the test starting time point of the test gas exchange rate E, and ending the test of the house gas exchange rate E when the concentration of the tracer gas in the house is reduced to a preset value. The threshold value can be flexibly set according to the specific size of the house and the release concentration of the tracer gas, and is usually set to be about 10%.
The tracer gas is preferably sulphur hexafluoride gas having a purity of 99.99%. Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless, inert, non-combustible gas. The device has high physical activity, can be quickly mixed and uniformly distributed in a detection space in disturbed air, is insoluble in water, has no sedimentation and coagulation, is not adsorbed by substances such as soil in an exhibition hall, and has strong chemical stability. Therefore, the instrument has better selectivity and extremely high sensitivity to the test data, and the accuracy of the test data is ensured. In addition, by utilizing the characteristic of rapid diffusion of sulfur hexafluoride gas, the diffusion rate of common toxic gas is lower than that of sulfur hexafluoride gas for refuge houses, so that the time for the toxic gas to diffuse into the refuge houses is longer, and the effective refuge time of the refuge houses calculated by using data measured by the sulfur hexafluoride gas can be used as the reference standard of the safety time of rescuers.
For example, for the house 100 of fig. 4, after the instrumentation is completed, the tester uses a cylinder fitted with a pressure relief valve to release the appropriate amount of sulfur hexafluoride gas, depending on the volume of the house 100 (which can be estimated). The doors are closed to maintain the closed environment of the house 100 and a fan may be used to blow air to assist in the mixing of the sulphur hexafluoride gas in the house 100, the concentration data being automatically measured and recorded at A, B, C, D every 1 min. The sulfur hexafluoride detector at A, B, C, D detects the collected concentration data until the gases in the house 100 are mixed uniformly (concentration deviation is less than 10% at all places) and records time t 1.
And step S201-3, recording the concentration value of the tracer gas corresponding to the time point during measurement.
This step is performed after step S201-2, i.e., after it is determined that the tracer gas is uniformly diffused throughout the internal space of the room to be measured. This step is performed, for example, starting from time t 1. Since a small amount of tracer gas is exchanged with the outdoor environment during the diffusion process of the tracer gas in the house 100, when the step is specifically executed, the time t1 determined in the step S201-2 is taken as the starting point, and the concentration change of the tracer gas after the starting point of t1 is recorded at the same time at each test point, that is, the concentration value of the tracer gas corresponding to the time point and the time point during the measurement is recorded at the same time.
Taking the house in fig. 4 as an example for explanation, the introduction of sulfur hexafluoride gas is stopped after the concentration values collected at the four points are 1400-1800ppm, and when the concentration deviation detected at the four points is less than 10%, the starting point t1 is determined. Starting at t1, the four collection points record data, and the test is stopped until the recorded concentration value drops to about 300ppm, and the experimental results are saved and the instrumentation is withdrawn. In the experimental process, all people are prohibited from exchanging air inside and outside the house, and the closed environment of the house 100 is kept.
See table 1, which is data of the partial concentration values collected at a temperature of 10 ℃ as a function of time. See table 2, which is data of the partial concentration values collected at a temperature of 13 ℃ as a function of time.
| Time (min) | Concentration C (ppm) | Concentration LnC (ppm) |
| 190 | 901 | 6.85 |
| 200 | 824 | 6.76 |
| 210 | 732 | 6.64 |
| 220 | 689 | 6.58 |
| 230 | 594 | 6.43 |
TABLE 1
| Time (min) | Concentration C (ppm) | Concentration LnC (ppm) |
| 270 | 1121 | 7.07 |
| 280 | 1046 | 7.0 |
| 290 | 976 | 6.93 |
| 300 | 919 | 6.87 |
| 310 | 875 | 6.82 |
TABLE 2
And step S201-4, determining the gas exchange rate E according to the change of the concentration value of the tracer gas along with time.
In this embodiment, a unitary regression method is used to perform fitting processing on the measured concentration data and time data, so as to obtain the gas exchange rate E.
Specifically, for E ═ Vin/V＝-Ln{(Ca-Cb，1)/(Ca-Cb,0) Subjecting to a linear change treatment, wherein Cb,0As initial concentration of trace gas, Cb,1Obtaining a univariate regression equation of the concentration of the tracer gas and the time t for the concentration of the tracer gas after 1 minute: that is, InC is a + E t, where InC is the natural logarithm of the gas concentration, a is a constant, E is the gas exchange rate, and t is the time (min).
Then, a gas exchange rate E is obtained by using a simple regression method based on the concentration value of the trace gas recorded in step S201-3 at the time point and the time point at the time of measurement.
Please refer to fig. 5 and fig. 6, which show the fitting results of the concentration data and the time data under different temperature conditions.
Wherein the temperature of the outdoor environment tested in fig. 5 is 10 deg.c and the temperature of the outdoor environment tested in fig. 6 is 13 deg.c. The ordinate of fig. 5 and 6 is the natural log value of concentration, and the abscissa is the time value.
The gas exchange rates E obtained at the test temperatures of fig. 5 and 6, respectively, are given in table 3 below:
| temperature (. degree.C.) | |
| 0 | 0.8161 |
| 10 | 0.8315 |
TABLE 3
In order to ensure the accuracy of the test data, the background value of the indoor environment of the house to be tested can be measured before releasing the tracer gas, and correspondingly, when the gas exchange rate E is tested at different temperatures, the influence of different background values on the test data is deducted, and the system error of the test data is reduced.
And S202, performing data fitting according to the corresponding relation between the obtained temperature value and the gas exchange rate E.
After the gas exchange rate E at a certain outdoor environment temperature is obtained in step S201, step S201 is repeated under different outdoor environment temperature conditions, at least four tests are performed to obtain the gas exchange rates E corresponding to the outdoor environment temperatures, respectively, and then data fitting is performed.
According to At＝E/D＝E/(a*T3/2) Processing data to obtain porosity area AtPreviously, where T is kelvin, the obtained temperature value of the outdoor environment needs to be converted.
Four tests were performed in this example at 0 ℃, 10 ℃, 13 ℃ and 20 ℃ respectively, and the results are now summarized in table 4 below:
| temperature (. degree.C.) | T3/2(103K3/2) | |
| 0 | 4.5107 | 0.8161 |
| 10 | 4.760797 | 0.8315 |
| 13 | 4.836699 | 0.8751 |
| 20 | 5.015352 | 0.8862 |
TABLE 4
Step S203, determining the equivalent area A of the porosity according to the data fitting resultt。
After the data processing of step S202, the slope of the obtained straight line is taken as the porosity equivalent area at。
Referring to FIG. 7, a porosity equivalent area A is showntThe fitting result of (1). In FIG. 7, the ordinate represents the gas exchange rate E and the abscissa represents the temperature in degrees Kelvin T3/2. In the course of porosity equivalent area AtThe fitting of (A) is carried out by using a unitary regression method, and the obtained slope of the straight line is taken as the equivalent area A of the porosityt. Calculate A of House 100 as in FIG. 7t＝0.1782。
This example also presents another way to obtain the porosity equivalent area AtMethod (2), method two: as shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is a schematic view of obtaining a porosity equivalent area AtA schematic flow diagram of another method.
In step S801, different pressure difference environments are set for the room to be measured by the fan device, and the air flow generated by the fan device at each pressure difference is tested.
The measured house refers to a sealable space which can be used as a refuge chamber, and the sealable space is conventionally sealed according to the general sealing requirements for the refuge chamber; although the measured house is sealed, the measured house still has a gap with the outside, and gas exchange exists, namely the measured house is opposite to the so-called 'sealing', namely, the measured house adopts conventional sealing measures such as closing a door and the like instead of absolute sealing with the outside; the refuge chamber adopting the conventional sealing measures is used for measuring the porosity equivalent area AtThe object of (1).
The air flow rate is a volume converted from the air mass flowing in and out of the house at the normal state air pressure (i.e., normal pressure) per unit time. The air flow rate in this embodiment is usually measured under pressure, so the volume needs to be converted to normal pressure (i.e. normal pressure).
In daily life, the air exchange rate E of a house to be measured is mainly detected by a pressure test method, and a pressure air flow relation model adopted in the pressure test method test process is as follows: q ═ Cpn; wherein:
q, means air flow rate, in m3/s；
C, flow coefficient is obtained by fitting measured data and has unit of m3/(s·Pan)；
P, refers to the internal and external pressure difference, and the unit is Pa;
n, the pressure index is obtained by fitting the measured data and is dimensionless.
As can be seen from the above relationship model, when p is 0, Q is 0, and this case is obviously not in accordance with the daily case. In order to conveniently and accurately measure the air exchange rate E of the room to be measured under normal pressure, the embodiment uses a preceding test to obtain the porosity equivalent area a of the room to be measuredtAnd then using the porosity equivalent area A of the measured house obtained by the testtThe value of (A) is the porosity equivalent area A of the closed space obtained in a plurality of standard teststAnd looking up the air exchange rate E of the house to be measured in a relation table with the air exchange rate E.
The porosity equivalent area A of the house to be measured is obtained for the testtIn this embodiment, it is necessary to set different pressure difference environments for the room to be measured by the blower device, and to test the air flow generated by the blower device when each pressure difference is detected. Different pressure difference environments are set for the house to be measured through the fan device, and in the embodiment, a method of setting different pressure difference environments by sucking or injecting air into the house to be measured through the fan device is adopted.
Wherein, set up different pressure differential environment for being measured the house through fan equipment, include: air is sucked or injected into the measured house through the fan device, so that air pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the closed space is caused. In this embodiment, specifically, the pressure of the room to be measured is increased to a certain value by using the fan device, so that the pressure difference between the room to be measured and the outside reaches the pressure difference value required by the test, then after the air flow generated by the corresponding fan device is tested, the room to be measured is gradually reduced in pressure, and the air flow generated by the fan device when each pressure difference is tested is respectively.
Considering safety, accuracy and cost, the pressure difference environment of the house to be measured is set within the range of 25Pa-50Pa in the embodiment, that is, the house to be measured is firstly pressurized to the range of 50Pa of the internal and external pressure difference by using the blower device, and after the test is carried out, the pressure difference value of the house to be measured is gradually reduced until the pressure difference environment reaches the range of 25 Pa. Of course, the specific pressurization or depressurization method is not limited to the method of this embodiment, and meanwhile, along with the change of the environment or the improvement of the technology, the range of the differential pressure environment may be set to be wider, so as to improve the accuracy of the value obtained by the final test, and further description is omitted here.
In the present embodiment, in order to obtain the air flow generated by the fan device at each pressure difference of the room to be measured, the air flow generated by the fan device at each pressure difference is mainly tested by using the flow meter.
And step S802, converting the air flow generated by the fan equipment at each pressure difference obtained by testing to obtain the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low-pressure value.
After the step S801, the air flow rate generated by the fan device at each differential pressure of the room to be measured is obtained, and in this embodiment, in order to obtain the value of the air flow rate at the normal pressure environment of the room to be measured, the air flow rate at the predetermined low pressure value of the differential pressure is obtained by converting the obtained value of the air flow rate generated by the fan device.
The air flow generated by the fan device at each pressure difference obtained by the test is converted into the air flow at the preset low pressure value, and the method comprises the following steps: drawing a differential pressure-air flow curve by using the air flow generated by the fan equipment at each differential pressure obtained by the test; and obtaining the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low pressure value through the conversion of a pressure difference-air flow curve. As shown in fig. 9, it is a pressure difference-air flow curve plotted by the air flow value corresponding to the measured room tested in the pressure difference range of 25Pa-50 Pa.
Wherein, the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low pressure value is obtained through the conversion of a pressure difference-air flow curve, and the method comprises the following steps: and obtaining the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low-pressure value by adopting the fitting analysis of a pressure air flow relation model on the data in the pressure difference-air flow curve. In order to obtain the air flow rate of the measured house at the predetermined low pressure value, the present embodiment uses a pressure-air flow rate relation model to fit and analyze the data in the pressure difference-air flow rate curve shown in fig. 9, and obtains the air flow rate of the measured house at the predetermined low pressure value of the pressure difference.
In nature, when the pressure is 0, the pressure exchange is still caused by repeated pressure back and forth in the tested closed space, so that the measured house still has a certain pressure difference value, generally in the range of 3-5 Pa, under the normal pressure condition in the daily nature. In the present embodiment, the predetermined low pressure value is 4 Pa.
In the present embodiment, the air flow rate at 4Pa of the room to be measured is 325m by fitting and analyzing the data in the differential pressure-air flow rate curve shown in fig. 9 using a pressure-air flow rate relational model3/h。
Step S803, based on the air flow rate when the differential pressure is a predetermined low pressure value, obtaining the porosity equivalent area A in advance through a standard closed space testtIn the air flow corresponding table, the porosity equivalent area A corresponding to the air flow value when the corresponding pressure difference is a preset low pressure value is obtained by inquiringt。
After the step S802, the air flow generated by the fan device at each pressure difference obtained by the test is converted to obtain the air flow of the house to be measured at the pressure difference of the predetermined low pressure value. In order to obtain the porosity equivalent area A of the measured house according to the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low pressure valuetIn the present embodiment, the porosity equivalent area A obtained in advance by a standard closed space test is determined based on the air flow rate when the differential pressure is a predetermined low pressure valuetIn the air flow corresponding table, the porosity equivalent area A corresponding to the air flow value when the corresponding pressure difference is a preset low pressure value is obtained by inquiringt。
Wherein the porosity equivalent area A is obtained by a standard closed space test in advancetA table corresponding to an air flow rate, comprising: is arranged for a standard closed spaceThe throttle holes with the same size obtain equivalent areas A of different sizes of porositytThe standard enclosed space of (2); respectively aligning the equivalent areas A of different sizes of porosities by a fan devicetDifferent pressure difference environments are set in the standard closed space, and the air flow generated by the fan equipment when each pressure difference is measured respectively; respectively converting the air flow generated by the fan equipment at each pressure difference obtained by the test into equivalent areas A with different sizes of porositiestThe air flow rate of the standard enclosed space when the pressure difference is a predetermined low pressure value; through different sizes of porosity equivalent area AtThe porosity equivalent area A of the standard enclosed spacetAnd the air flow value obtained by conversion corresponding to the value of (a) to obtain the porosity equivalent area A of the standard closed spacetAnd air flow rate.
The standard closed space refers to a standard closed space arranged in a standard test environment, and under ideal conditions, the standard closed space can be understood as being completely isolated from the outside, so that the porosity equivalent area A is obtainedtInfinity approaches 0;
and the throttling hole is a pore with the area being a standard value or adjustable, is arranged on a wall between the standard closed space and the outside in the standard test environment, the flow coefficient of the throttling hole is 1, and the flow coefficient refers to the pressure air flow relation model formula.
In this embodiment, the standard airtight space is provided with the openable or airtight throttle holes with different sizes, or with the throttle hole with the area capable of being accurately adjusted, so that the area of the throttle hole can be adjusted, and the characteristic parameters such as the volume of the standard airtight space can be combined to obtain the area A with accurate porosity equivalenttThe closed space of (2).
Setting different sizes of throttling holes for standard closed space to obtain equivalent areas A of different sizes of porositytThe standard closed space refers to that throttle holes with different areas are respectively arranged on the closed space, or the adjustable throttle holes are set to be different areas, so that equivalent areas A with different porosities are obtainedtStandard secret of valueAnd closing the space.
Different pressure difference environments are set for the standard closed space through the fan equipment, and the air flow generated by the fan equipment when each pressure difference is tested is respectively tested. Because the standard enclosed space is in the standard test environment, the influence of other factors such as wind speed, temperature and the like can be reduced or avoided through relevant setting, in the standard test environment, the pressure difference environment for the standard enclosed space can be set within the range of 10Pa-50 Pa. Other steps and details are already described in detail in step S801, and are not repeated herein, and the details described in step S801 may be referred to.
In addition, the air flow generated by the fan equipment during each pressure difference obtained by the test is used for analyzing and converting to obtain equivalent areas A of different sizes of porositiestThe air flow rate of the standard enclosed space at the predetermined low pressure value of the pressure difference. The specific method is described in detail in the step S802, and details are not repeated here, and the details described in the step S802 may be referred to specifically.
In addition, the air flow generated by the fan equipment at each pressure difference obtained by the test is respectively converted to obtain the equivalent areas A of different sizes of porositiestThe air flow rate of the standard enclosed space when the pressure difference is a predetermined low pressure value; through different sizes of porosity equivalent area AtThe porosity equivalent area A of the standard enclosed spacetAnd the air flow value obtained by conversion corresponding to the value of (a) to obtain the porosity equivalent area A of the standard closed spacetAnd air flow rate. The specific method is described in detail in step S802, and details are not repeated here, and the details described in step S802 may be referred to specifically.
As shown in FIG. 10, the standard enclosed space provided for this example has a porosity equivalent area AtIs 1.0cm2/m2And the pressure difference-air flow diagram is shown in the pressure difference range of 10Pa-50 Pa. The data in the differential pressure-air flow shown in figure 10 are subjected to fitting analysis by adopting a pressure-air flow relation model to obtain the corresponding section of the standard closed spaceThe area of the flow hole was 1.0cm2/m2While the air flow rate at the time when the differential pressure is a predetermined low pressure value (in the present embodiment, the predetermined low pressure value is 4Pa corresponding to the above-described step S802) is 325m3H is used as the reference value. According to the obtained values, the equivalent areas A with different porosities can be obtainedtUnder the condition of preset low pressure value, the corresponding air flow values can be recorded by a curve or a table; a curve or table reflecting the equivalent area A of different porosities at predetermined low pressure valuestThe air flow value also reflects the equivalent area A of porosity corresponding to different air flow values under the condition of preset low pressure valuetThrough the corresponding relation, the porosity equivalent area A of the house can be determined by measuring the air flow valuetThis house property, too, can be used to determine the porosity equivalent area AtDetermining its air flow rate at a predetermined low pressure value.
For example, in step S802, the air flow rate of the room to be measured at a differential pressure of 4Pa is reduced to 325m3H is used as the reference value. Then according to the value of the air flow, obtaining the equivalent area A of the porosity in a standard closed space testtThe air flow rate is inquired in a corresponding table to obtain the porosity equivalent area A of the measured house in the embodimenttIs 1.0cm2/m2。
Step S804, the obtained porosity equivalent area A is inquiredtPorosity equivalent area A as measured buildingt。
After the above step S803, the measured air flow rate of the room at the time when the differential pressure is a predetermined low pressure value and the porosity equivalent area A obtained in advance by the standard closed space test are usedtThe corresponding porosity equivalent area A is obtained by inquiring the air flow corresponding tabletInquiring the obtained porosity equivalent area AtI.e. the porosity equivalent area a of the house under measurement at a predetermined low pressure valuet. In this embodiment, as can be seen from the above step S803, the porosity equivalent area a of the measured room in this embodimenttIs 1.0cm2/m2。
So far, the porosity equivalent area A corresponding to the determined house is obtained through testingtThrough porosity equivalent area AtThe porosity equivalent area A shown in Table 5 was obtained by performing a plurality of standard tests on similar types of housestAnd the air exchange rate E is inquired in a relation table of the air exchange rate E, so that the air exchange rate E corresponding to the house to be measured at the preset low pressure value (namely the normal pressure) can be obtained. Wherein the porosity equivalent area A is shown in Table 5tThe relation table with the air exchange rate E is obtained by other test methods in the standard enclosed space in step S803 of this embodiment, and the method and steps are not repeated in this embodiment.
In the present embodiment, as can be seen from a query in table 5, the air exchange rate E of the room (outside space) to be measured in the present embodiment is 0.100098.
TABLE 5
The above is two types of obtaining porosity equivalent area AtTo obtain the corresponding porosity equivalent area A of the housetAnd then, selecting the house with the leakproofness characteristic parameters meeting the preset requirements as the refuge chamber. Specifically, the refuge rooms are classified according to the construction age of the house, and the house with the earlier construction age has a low sealing property, and the porosity equivalent area a of the house with the earlier construction age corresponds to the porosity equivalent area a of the house with the earlier construction agetHigher values and thus also equivalent areas A in terms of porositytTo grade the premises. To meet the requirements of the refuge chamber, in this embodiment, the porosity equivalent area A is selectedtThe house smaller than the preset threshold value is used as a refuge room; the preset threshold value is the minimum standard for selecting the refuge chamber, and when the porosity equivalent area A is adoptedtThe smaller the value, the closer the house isThe closeness is high, the gas exchange rate E is low, the exchange process of outdoor toxic gas and indoor air is slow, and the time for the toxic gas to permeate into the room is long; further, the demand for selecting an evacuation room is further increased.
After the house with the characteristic tightness parameter smaller than the preset threshold value is selected as the refuge chamber in step S101, corresponding devices need to be configured in the refuge chamber, which is detailed in step S102.
Step S102, according to the characteristic parameters of the sealing performance of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement, arranging an oxygen generating device and a filtering device with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber.
Specifically, as an evacuation chamber for protecting against gas leakage, it is intended to provide a relatively closed space suitable for temporary accommodation of the persons to be evacuated, and therefore, after the evacuation chamber of the present application is selected, it is necessary to provide a device capable of generating oxygen in the evacuation chamber to supply oxygen to the persons to be evacuated, that is, an oxygen generating device, and it is also necessary to provide a device capable of filtering and purifying toxic gas outside and inside the evacuation chamber, that is, a filtering device. However, considering that the installation cost of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device is relatively high, when the oxygen generating device and the filtering device are arranged in the evacuation chamber in the embodiment of the present application, the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device are set, so that the requirement of the evacuation chamber is met, and the arrangement cost of the evacuation chamber can be reduced.
Specifically, since the porosity equivalent area A of the refuge chamber has been obtained according to step S101tTherefore, the exchange amount of the outdoor toxic gas and the indoor air of the refuge chamber, namely the amount of the toxic gas entering the indoor environment from the outdoor toxic gas of the refuge chamber in unit time, can be accurately obtained, and in order to timely remove the amount of the toxic gas, a filtering device capable of filtering the toxic gas is required to be configured, for example, a corresponding number of filtering devices and filtering failure time of filtering device filter elements are configured, so that the toxic gas can be completely filtered. Of course, in consideration of the structural configuration of the refuge chamber, the mounting structural style of the filter device to be arranged is set according to the structure of the refuge chamber in order to make it more convenient to mount the filter device.
It is understood that the specification for arranging the filter device is not limited to the above, and it is within the scope of the specification for arranging the filter device according to the embodiment of the present invention as long as the specification can satisfy the requirements of the evacuation room and enhance the evacuation effect of the evacuation room.
In particular, in consideration of the problem that the filter device is out of service due to long-term use, in the present embodiment, the filter device is configured as an inside circulation air filter device and an outside circulation air filter device; the internal circulation air filtering device can filter and purify toxic gas in the refuge chamber, the air in the chamber is sucked by the fan, and the toxic gas is filtered by the broad-spectrum filtering material. The external circulation air filtering device is used for extracting external air through the fan when toxic gas in the refuge chamber is too high or oxygen is insufficient, filtering the external air into clean air through the broad-spectrum filtering material, injecting the clean air into the chamber, supplementing the content of indoor oxygen and diluting the indoor toxic gas. In order to promptly remove carbon dioxide, the indoor oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide by the consumption of the refugees, and the carbon dioxide is filtered by the internal circulation air filtering device, converted into oxygen and then put into the refugees again.
Similarly, as the oxygen in the refuge chamber is consumed by the refuge personnel and exchanged with toxic gas outside, the oxygen needs to be supplemented in time, that is, oxygen generation devices capable of providing oxygen to meet the oxygen demand need to be arranged, for example, a corresponding number of oxygen generation devices and the oxygen generation capacity of the oxygen generation devices are arranged, so that a proper amount of oxygen can be provided. Of course, in consideration of the structural configuration of the evacuation chamber, the mounting structural style of the oxygen generating devices to be arranged is set in accordance with the structure of the evacuation chamber in order to make it more convenient to mount the oxygen generating devices. It is understood that the specification for arranging the oxygen generating device is within the scope of the protection of the specification for arranging the oxygen generating device in the embodiment of the present application as long as the specification can meet the requirements of the evacuation chamber and improve the evacuation effect of the evacuation chamber.
It is understood that, in addition to the characteristic parameters of the sealing property of the refuge chamber affecting the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device arranged in the refuge chamber, the refuge requirement of the refuge chamber also affects the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device arranged in the refuge chamber. In the present embodiment, the evacuation request for the evacuation chamber includes at least one of the following requests: the refuge chamber contains the number of people to be refuged and the expected refuge time of the refuge chamber. Taking the number of people for refuge in the refuge chamber as an example, if the number of refugees in the refuge chamber is 5, the oxygen consumption of the refuge chamber in 10 minutes is corresponding to 5 units, and the number of oxygen generation devices required at the time is 5; when the number of refugees in the refuge chamber is 10 people, the oxygen consumption of the refuge chamber in 10 minutes is 10 units, and the number of oxygen generation devices required at the time is 10; it is seen that the more refugees, the greater the oxygen consumption, and the different specifications of the oxygen generation devices are provided. Taking the expected evacuation time of the evacuation chamber as an example, if the expected evacuation time of the evacuation chamber by the evacuation personnel is 3 hours, the amount of oxygen generated by the disposed oxygen generation device may be at least more than 3 hours of consumption. The same applies to the arrangement of the filter device, and if the expected refuge time of the refuge personnel to the refuge chamber is 3 hours, the filter device is arranged to be capable of filtering toxic gas at least within three hours, namely, the filter device does not fail within three hours. The evacuation requirements, such as the number of persons to be evacuated in the evacuation chamber and the expected evacuation time of the evacuation chamber, can be determined based on the air-tightness characteristic parameter. Naturally, there are many evacuation requirements for an evacuation chamber, and it is within the scope of the embodiments of the present application that the evacuation effect of the evacuation chamber is improved as long as the requirements for the evacuation chamber are satisfied.
Furthermore, after the oxygen generating device and the filtering device with corresponding specifications are configured in the refuge chamber, intelligent operation of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device needs to be realized, and in the embodiment, a detection device and a control device are also configured for the refuge chamber; in step S103, a detection device and a control device are configured for the refuge chamber; the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result of the detection device.
Specifically, the control process of controlling the oxygen generation device to generate oxygen according to the detection result of the detection device by the control device comprises the following steps: the detection device detects the content of oxygen flowing in the refuge chamber in real time, and the content of the oxygen in the refuge chamber changes along with the consumption of refugees, for example, when the refuge chamber has no refugees, the oxygen amount in the chamber is sufficient, and the oxygen content is 90%; when refugees exist, the content of oxygen is reduced along with the time, when a critical time point is reached, the content of oxygen is 20%, the oxygen amount needs to be supplemented in time, and the detection device detects the corresponding content of oxygen at the critical time point and generates a first detection result; the detection device compares the first detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to 20%), if the first detection result is less than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the first detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a first control instruction after the first detection result is processed by the control device; the control device controls the oxygen generation device to start to generate oxygen according to the first control instruction. Wherein, first control command is the start instruction, and the oxygen generating device is the compressed oxygen cylinder or adopts the mode oxygen of chemical oxygen generation. The first control instruction can also be given by adopting a signal prompting mode, and the oxygen generation device is started by the refugee according to the signal prompt.
It can be understood that when the oxygen generation device starts to generate oxygen along with the start of the oxygen generation device, the oxygen content in the refuge chamber is gradually increased (the generated oxygen is far larger than the consumption of oxygen by refugees), so that the oxygen content in the chamber is gradually sufficient, and when a critical time point is reached, the oxygen content is increased to 90%, and no oxygen needs to be generated; the detection device detects the corresponding oxygen content at the critical time point and generates a first detection result; the detection device compares the first detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to 90%), if the first detection result is greater than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the first detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a first control instruction after the first detection result is processed by the control device; the control device controls the oxygen generation device to stop generating oxygen according to the first control instruction. Wherein, the first control instruction is a stop instruction. That is, the detection device detects the content of oxygen in the refuge chamber in real time, and the control device can control the start or stop of the oxygen generating device according to the detection result fed back by the detection device in real time, so that the content of oxygen in the refuge chamber can meet the demand of refugees, and the oxygen generating device cannot be excessively lost.
The oxygen generator generates oxygen according to the principle of oxygen generation by using an oxygen generating agent (the main component is Na)2O2) The reaction principle of (A) is as follows: 2Na2O2+2CO2＝2Na2CO3+O2And carbon dioxide in the air is absorbed to release oxygen, so that oxygen required by normal breathing of people is ensured. Correspondingly, the working principle of detecting the oxygen content by the detection device is that the detection device can adopt a trace oxygen detector, wherein the fuel cell sensor consists of a high-activity oxygen electrode and a lead electrode and is immersed in the KOH solution. At the cathode oxygen is reduced to hydroxide ions and at the anode lead is oxidized. The KOH solution is separated from the outside by a layer of polymer film, and oxygen does not directly enter the sensor, so that the solution and the lead electrode do not need to be cleaned or replaced regularly. The oxygen molecules in the oxygen gas diffuse into the oxygen electrode through the polymer film to perform electrochemical reaction, the current generated in the electrochemical reaction is determined by the number of the oxygen molecules diffusing into the oxygen electrode, and the diffusion rate of the oxygen is proportional to the oxygen content in the sample gas, so that the output signal of the sensor is only related to the oxygen content in the sample gas and is not related to the total amount of the gas passing through the sensor. The charge transfer in the reaction, i.e., the magnitude of the current, is in direct proportion to the oxygen participating in the reaction by the connection of an external circuit.
The controlling means controls the filtering means to filter the gas according to the detection result of the detecting means includes: the detection device detects the content of toxic gas flowing in the refuge chamber in real time, and generates carbon dioxide based on the consumption of oxygen in the refuge chamber by refugees, or outdoor toxic gas enters the refuge chamber, so that the content of the toxic gas in the refuge chamber is increased, when a critical time point is reached, the content of the toxic gas is increased to 1%, and at the moment, the toxic gas needs to be removed; the detection device detects the corresponding toxic gas content at the critical time point and generates a second detection result; the detection device compares the second detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to be 1%), if the second detection result is greater than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the second detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a second control instruction after the second detection result is processed by the control device; and the control device controls the filtering device to start filtering according to the second control instruction. Wherein, the first control instruction is a starting instruction.
It can be understood that, when the filtering device starts to filter toxic gas, the content of the toxic gas in the refuge chamber is gradually reduced (the generation amount of the toxic gas is far smaller than the generation amount), when a critical time point is reached, the content of the toxic gas is 0, at this time, the toxic gas does not need to be filtered, and the detecting device detects the corresponding content of the toxic gas at the critical time point and generates a second detection result; the detection device compares the second detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to 0.01% and is a safety value), and if the second detection result is smaller than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the second detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a second control instruction after the second detection result is processed by the control device; and the control device controls the filtering device to stop filtering the toxic gas according to the second control instruction. Wherein the second control instruction is a stop instruction.
The filtering principle of the filtering device is that the filtering device filters gas by adopting a plurality of layers of broad spectrum protective materials (capable of absorbing most toxic gases in industry, such as phosgene, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and the like). Correspondingly, the detection device detects the content of the toxic gas by adopting the working principle of detecting the content of the toxic gas and adopting the semiconductor sensing technology of the related toxic gas, such as hydrogen sulfide and the solid metal oxide semiconductor sensing technology.
In the embodiment, the internal circulation air filtering device is configured based on the filtering device, so that for the indoor toxic gas filtering condition, the detection device detects the content of the toxic gas flowing in the refuge chamber in real time, and based on the fact that oxygen in the refuge chamber is consumed by refugees to generate carbon dioxide, or outdoor toxic gas enters the refuge chamber, the content of the toxic gas in the refuge chamber is increased, when a critical time point is reached, the content of the toxic gas is increased to 1%, and at the moment, the toxic gas needs to be removed; the detection device detects the corresponding toxic gas content at the critical time point and generates a second detection result; the detection device compares the second detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to be 1%), if the second detection result is greater than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the second detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a second control instruction after the second detection result is processed by the control device; and the control device controls the internal circulation air filtering device to start filtering according to the second control instruction. Wherein, the first control instruction is a starting instruction. When the internal circulation air filtering device is started to filter toxic gas, the content of the toxic gas in the refuge chamber is gradually reduced (the generation amount of the toxic gas is far smaller than the generation amount), when a critical time point is reached, the content of the toxic gas is 0, the toxic gas does not need to be filtered at the time, and the detection device detects the corresponding content of the toxic gas at the critical time point and generates a second detection result; the detection device compares the second detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to 0.01%), if the second detection result is less than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the second detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a second control instruction after the second detection result is processed by the control device; and the control device controls the filtering device to stop filtering the toxic gas according to the second control instruction. Wherein the second control instruction is a stop instruction.
Certainly, based on the fact that the filtering device is also configured as an external circulation air filtering device, for the outdoor toxic gas filtering condition, the detection device detects the content of the toxic gas flowing through the refuge chamber in real time, when a critical time point is reached, the content of the toxic gas rises to 1%, and at the moment, the toxic gas needs to be diluted; the detection device detects the corresponding toxic gas content at the corresponding critical time point and generates a second detection result; the detection device compares the second detection result with a preset detection result threshold (which can be set to be 1%), if the second detection result is greater than or equal to the detection result threshold, the detection device feeds the second detection result back to the control device for processing, and generates a second control instruction after the second detection result is processed by the control device; and the control device controls the external circulation filtering device to start filtering according to the second control instruction, and filters the air into clean air outdoors and introduces the clean air indoors. Wherein, the first control instruction is a starting instruction. And the process of filtering toxic gas based on stopping the external circulation filtering device is similar to the above process, except that the filtering device is changed into the external circulation filtering device, so the description is not repeated here. Of course, the external circulation filtering device can also filter the air to be clean from the outside into the room when the oxygen content in the room is insufficient. The start and stop of the external circulation filter device are the same as described above, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
In most cases, the internal circulation air filtering device and the external circulation air filtering device work simultaneously, namely the control device controls the internal circulation air filtering device to filter toxic gas in the refuge chamber according to a second control instruction, and controls the external circulation air filtering device to filter outdoor gas of the refuge chamber according to the second control instruction, and clean gas is introduced into the refuge chamber; therefore, the content of toxic gas in the refuge chamber does not influence the health of refugees, the filter device is not excessively lost, and the inner circulation air filter device can continue to filter the toxic gas under the condition that the outer circulation air filter device fails, and vice versa. It should be noted that the "first" and "second" are not particularly limited, and do not affect the scope of the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, a communication device is also provided for the evacuation room. Specifically, when the oxygen content is insufficient or the indoor toxic gas content is high, the control device controls the communication device to send corresponding alarm information according to a detection result detected by the detection device. The communication device comprises an alarm device and a communication device; the alarm device is used for sending out an alarm prompt according to a control instruction of the control device, wherein the alarm prompt can be a voice prompt or a character display prompt; the communication device is used for communicating with the outside in real time according to the control instruction of the control device, and transmitting the oxygen quantity information and the toxic gas quantity information in the refuge chamber to the outside in real time, so that rescue can be timely achieved.
In order to protect oneself in the process of rescue, the refuge chamber of the embodiment is also provided with an escape device, such as a headgear type individual protection device and simple escape articles, such as towels, emergency lamps, maps and the like.
The embodiment of the application provides a refuge chamber setting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a house with the leakproofness characteristic parameters meeting the preset requirements as a refuge room; according to the characteristic parameters of the sealing performance of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement, arranging an oxygen generating device and a filtering device with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber; arranging a detection device and a control device for the refuge chamber; the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result of the detection device. According to the method, a house capable of serving as a refuge room is selected from a plurality of houses by taking the characteristic parameters of the airtightness as selection criteria; allocating oxygen generating devices and filtering devices with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber according to the characteristic parameters of the tightness and the refuge requirement; the refuge chamber is provided with a perfect device, the specification of the device can meet the requirements of refugees, the refuge environment is provided for the refugees, the waiting rescue time is strived for, and meanwhile the cost of the refuge chamber is reduced.
In a second embodiment of the present application, there is provided a refuge chamber, as shown in fig. 11, the refuge chamber 100 comprising: an oxygen generator 101, a filter 102, a detector 103, and a controller 104; wherein, the specifications of the oxygen generating device 101 and the filtering device 102 are configured according to the sealing characteristic parameters and the refuge requirement of the refuge chamber 100; the detection device 103 is used for detecting the content of the gas in the refuge chamber 100 and generating a corresponding detection result; the control device 104 controls the oxygen generating device 101 to generate oxygen gas and controls the filtering device 102 to filter the gas according to the detection result detected by the detecting device 103.
Wherein the characteristic parameters of the tightness comprise porosity equivalent area AtIn the present embodiment, the porosity equivalent area A is obtainedtThe method comprises the following two methods, in particular:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the gas exchange rate E of the house to be measured corresponding to each temperature value under the specified closed condition under the condition of different house outdoor temperature values T; performing data fitting according to the corresponding relation between the obtained temperature value and the gas exchange rate E; determining the equivalent area A of the porosity according to the data fitting resultt. Obtaining the porosity equivalent area A based on the method and the first embodimenttAre the same, therefore, they are notFor repeated explanation, see the first embodiment for obtaining the porosity equivalent area AtAnd (5) carrying out the step of the first method.
The second method comprises the following steps: setting different pressure difference environments for the house to be measured through the fan equipment, and respectively testing the air flow generated by the fan equipment when each pressure difference exists; converting the air flow generated by the fan equipment at each pressure difference obtained by testing to obtain the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low-pressure value; according to the air flow when the pressure difference is a preset low pressure value, the porosity equivalent area A obtained by a standard closed space test in advancetIn the air flow corresponding table, the porosity equivalent area A corresponding to the air flow value when the corresponding pressure difference is a preset low pressure value is obtained by inquiringt(ii) a Inquiring the obtained porosity equivalent area AtPorosity equivalent area A as measured buildingt. Obtaining the porosity equivalent area A based on the method and the first embodimenttThe same, therefore, will not be repeated here, and the porosity equivalent area A obtained in the first embodiment will be described in detailtAnd (5) carrying out the step two.
The above is two types of obtaining porosity equivalent area AtTo obtain the corresponding porosity equivalent area A of the housetAnd then, selecting the house with the leakproofness characteristic parameters meeting the preset requirements as the refuge chamber. Specifically, the refuge rooms are classified according to the construction age of the house, and the house with the earlier construction age has a low sealing property, and the porosity equivalent area a of the house with the earlier construction age corresponds to the porosity equivalent area a of the house with the earlier construction agetHigher values and thus also equivalent areas A in terms of porositytTo grade the premises. To meet the requirements of the refuge chamber, in this embodiment, the porosity equivalent area A is selectedtThe house smaller than the preset threshold value is used as a refuge room; the preset threshold value is the minimum standard for selecting the refuge chamber, and when the porosity equivalent area A is adoptedtWhen the value is smaller, the airtightness of the house is higher, the gas exchange rate E is lower, the exchange process of outdoor toxic gas and indoor air is slower, and the time for the toxic gas to permeate into the house is longer; further, the demand for selecting an evacuation room is further increased.
After selecting a house with the tightness characteristic parameter less than a preset threshold value as a refuge chamber, configuring an oxygen generating device and a filtering device with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber according to the tightness characteristic parameter of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement, and controlling the oxygen generating device and the filtering device to generate oxygen and filter toxic gas; see step S102 and step S103 of the first embodiment described above in detail, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
The refuge chamber of the embodiment further comprises: communication device 105 and escape device 106; the control device 104 controls the communication device 105 to send out a communication signal according to the detection result detected by the detection device 103; escape apparatus 106 comprises a headgear-type individual protection device.
The application provides a refuge chamber, comprising: an oxygen generating device, a filtering device, a detecting device and a control device; the specifications of the oxygen generating device and the filtering device are configured according to the sealing characteristic parameters of the refuge chamber and the refuge requirement; the detection device is used for detecting the content of the gas in the refuge chamber and generating a corresponding detection result; the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result detected by the detection device. According to the method, a house capable of serving as a refuge room is selected from a plurality of houses by taking the characteristic parameters of the airtightness as selection criteria; allocating oxygen generating devices and filtering devices with corresponding specifications in the refuge chamber according to the characteristic parameters of the tightness and the refuge requirement; the refuge chamber is provided with a perfect device, the specification of the device can meet the requirements of refugees, the refuge environment is provided for the refugees, the waiting rescue time is strived for, and meanwhile the cost of the refuge chamber is reduced.
Although the present application has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, therefore, the scope of the present application should be determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (4)
1. A refuge chamber, comprising: an oxygen generating device, a filtering device, a detecting device and a control device; wherein,
the oxygen generating device is used for providing oxygen;
the filtering device is used for filtering and purifying the toxic gas outside the refuge chamber and the toxic gas inside the refuge chamber;
the detection device is used for detecting the content of the gas in the refuge chamber and generating a corresponding detection result;
the control device controls the oxygen generating device to generate oxygen and controls the filtering device to filter gas according to the detection result detected by the detection device.
2. The chamber of claim 1, wherein the number of said oxygen-generating and filtering devices is set according to the number of refuges contained in the chamber.
3. A chamber as described in claim 1 further comprising: a communication device; and the control device controls the communication device to send out a communication signal according to a detection result detected by the detection device.
4. A chamber as described in claim 1 further comprising: the escape device comprises a headgear type individual protection device.
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| CN201920466576.5U CN210798438U (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2019-04-08 | Refuge chamber |
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| CN201920466576.5U CN210798438U (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2019-04-08 | Refuge chamber |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110145157A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-08-20 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | A kind of refuge chamber setting method and its refuge chamber |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110145157A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-08-20 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | A kind of refuge chamber setting method and its refuge chamber |
| CN110145157B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2024-07-23 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Refuge chamber setting method and refuge chamber |
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