CN210776046U

CN210776046U - Two-dimensional optical waveguide, virtual and real optical wave beam combiner and AR equipment

Info

Publication number: CN210776046U
Application number: CN201922252038.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏一振; 陈达如; 张卓鹏
Original assignee: Hangzhou Guangli Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Guangli Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-16
Filing date: 2019-12-16
Publication date: 2020-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-16

Abstract

The utility model discloses a two-dimensional optical waveguide, wherein a coupling-in area, a refraction pupil expanding area and a coupling-out area are divided on the surface of a substrate; a defect track and at least two defect belts are arranged in the refraction pupil expanding area, the defect track extends from the coupling-in area to one side far away from the coupling-in area, one end of each defect belt is in contact with the defect track, the other end of each defect belt extends to the coupling-out area, and the at least two defect belts are distributed along the axis of the defect track; the photonic crystal will be disposed along the defect track and the edge of the defect band. The photonic crystal includes a plurality of scattering columns, and the axes of the scattering columns are perpendicular to the surface of the refractive pupil expanding region. Due to the existence of the photonic crystal, the defect track and the defect band form a light guide branch, and the photonic crystal can completely prohibit light transmission, so that the light can realize large-angle low-loss bent transmission along the light guide branch, and the two-dimensional optical waveguide has higher refraction pupil expansion efficiency. The utility model also provides an imaginary optical wave beam combiner and AR equipment, has above-mentioned beneficial effect equally.

Description

Two-dimensional optical waveguide, virtual and real optical wave beam combiner and AR equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an augmented reality technical field especially relates to a two-dimensional optical waveguide, a virtual real light wave beam combiner and an AR equipment.

Background

With the deep development of information technology, Augmented Reality (AR) technology has been gradually recognized and accepted by people, and related application technology development and product research and development have gained wide attention. More and more scientific and technological major companies enter the AR industry through acquisition, investment, self-research, etc., such as apple, microsoft, google, Facebook, hua shi, etc. The AR equipment can superpose and fuse virtual contents in the real world, so that human eyes can simultaneously receive virtual image information and real image information, and the AR equipment is further applied to wide industries such as entertainment, education, industry, traffic, medical treatment, tourism and the like. The core device of the AR device is a virtual-real light beam Combiner (Combiner), which is used to image a virtual image onto the retina of a human eye, and simultaneously allows light rays of the real world to pass through, so as to realize virtual-real fused AR display. It can adopt traditional geometric optical devices such as prism, semi-transparent semi-reflective lens, free-form surface mirror, array waveguide, etc., and can also adopt diffraction optical devices such as surface relief optical waveguide, holographic optical waveguide, etc. The diffraction optical waveguide display technology utilizes diffraction gratings to realize the incidence, turning and emergence of light, realizes light transmission based on the total reflection principle, can achieve compact structure and light and portable devices, and is the most competitive AR equipment core optical device at present.

At present, a diffraction light waveguide applied to an AR device mainly divides a coupling-in area, a refractive pupil expanding area and a coupling-out area, and controls the propagation direction of light by manufacturing different gratings in different areas on an optical waveguide substrate slide, wherein the coupling-in area is small, so that a projection light beam is coupled into an optical waveguide; the area of the refraction pupil expansion area is large, and the function of pupil expansion is mainly realized; the area of the coupling-out area is the largest, and the light beams are emitted and enter human eyes. However, in the prior art, the refractive pupil expansion efficiency is low, resulting in low imaging efficiency. Therefore, how to provide a two-dimensional optical waveguide with high refractive pupil expansion efficiency is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a two-dimensional optical waveguide which has higher refraction pupil expansion efficiency; the utility model also provides an imaginary optical wave beam combiner and an AR equipment have higher refraction pupil expanding efficiency.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a two-dimensional optical waveguide, which includes a substrate, an incoupling grating and an outcoupling grating;

the surface of the substrate is divided into a coupling-in area, a refraction pupil expanding area and a coupling-out area; a defect track and at least two defect belts are arranged in the dioptric pupil area, the defect track extends from the coupling-in area to one side far away from the coupling-in area, one end of each defect belt is in contact with the defect track, the other end of each defect belt extends to the coupling-out area, and the at least two defect belts are distributed along the axis of the defect track;

photon crystal regions are arranged between the adjacent defect zones, between the defect zones and the defect tracks, between the defect zones and the edges of the refraction pupil expansion region and between the defect tracks and the edges of the refraction pupil expansion region in the refraction pupil expansion region, a plurality of scattering columns are arranged in the photon crystal regions to form photon crystals, and the axes of the scattering columns are vertical to the surface of the refraction pupil expansion region;

the coupling-in grating is positioned on the surface of the coupling-in area, and the coupling-out grating is positioned on the surface of the coupling-out area.

Optionally, the width of the defect track gradually decreases along a direction from the coupling-in region to a side away from the coupling-in region.

Optionally, the coupling-in area is located at one side edge of the substrate surface, the defect track extends from one side edge of the substrate surface to the other side edge of the substrate surface, the coupling-out area includes a first coupling-out area and a second coupling-out area oppositely disposed with respect to the defect track axis, the defect strip includes a first defect strip and a second defect strip, the first defect strip extends from the defect track to the first coupling-out area, and the second defect strip extends from the defect track to the second coupling-out area.

Optionally, the defect band is any one or any combination of the following;

the defect detection device comprises a linear defect belt perpendicular to the axis of the defect track, an oblique defect belt not perpendicular to the axis of the defect track and a broken line defect belt.

Optionally, the coupling-in area is located at an edge portion of one side of the substrate surface, the coupling-out area is located at the other side of the substrate surface, and the defect track extends from the coupling-in area to the coupling-out area; the defect belt comprises a first defect belt positioned on one side of the defect track and a second defect belt positioned on the other side of the defect track, and the defect belt is a broken line type defect belt.

Optionally, the coupling-in region is located at a corner edge portion on one side of the substrate surface, and the coupling-out region is located on one side of the defect track.

Optionally, the defect band is any one or any combination of the following;

Optionally, the coupling-in region is located at a side corner edge of the substrate surface, the coupling-out region is located at the other side of the substrate surface, and the defect track extends from the coupling-in region to the coupling-out region; the defect belt is a broken line type defect belt.

Optionally, the length of the defect track ranges from 5mm to 50mm, inclusive.

Optionally, the value of the width of the defect tape ranges from 0.1mm to 5mm, inclusive.

Optionally, the coupling-out region coincides with the refractive pupil expansion region.

The utility model also provides a virtual reality light beam combiner, include as above-mentioned arbitrary two-dimensional optical waveguide.

The utility model also provides an AR equipment, include as above-mentioned arbitrary two-dimensional optical waveguide.

The utility model provides a two-dimensional optical waveguide, the surface of the substrate is divided into a coupling-in area, a refraction pupil expanding area and a coupling-out area; a defect track and at least two defect belts are arranged in the refraction pupil expanding area, the defect track extends from the coupling-in area to one side far away from the coupling-in area, one end of each defect belt is in contact with the defect track, the other end of each defect belt extends to the coupling-out area, and the at least two defect belts are distributed along the axis of the defect track; photon crystal regions are arranged between adjacent defect bands, between the defect bands and the defect tracks, between the defect bands and the edges of the refraction pupil expansion region, and between the defect tracks and the edges of the refraction pupil expansion region, a plurality of scattering columns are arranged in the photon crystal regions to form photon crystals, and the axes of the scattering columns are perpendicular to the surface of the refraction pupil expansion region.

Due to the existence of the photonic crystal, the defect track and the defect band form a light guide branch, and light transmitted into the substrate from the coupling-in region can be transmitted to the coupling-out region through the defect track and the defect band to realize the pupil expanding function. The photonic crystal can completely prohibit light from transmitting, so that the light can be transmitted along the light guide branch in a large-angle and low-loss bent mode, and the two-dimensional optical waveguide has high refraction pupil expansion efficiency.

The utility model also provides an imaginary optical wave beam combiner and an AR equipment, has above-mentioned beneficial effect equally, gives unnecessary details here.

Drawings

In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the optical device comprises a substrate, 2 a coupling-in area, 3 a refractive pupil expanding area, 31 a defect track, 32 a defect band, 321 a first defect band, 322 a second defect band, 33 scattering columns, 4 a coupling-out area, 41 a first coupling-out area and 42 a second coupling-out area.

Detailed Description

The utility model discloses a core provides a two-dimensional optical waveguide. In the prior art, firstly, a diffraction grating is manufactured on the surface of a waveguide substrate in a refraction and expansion pupil area to realize a light shading and expansion pupil function, but the refraction and expansion pupil efficiency is low, so that the overall diffraction efficiency of a diffraction optical waveguide is greatly reduced; secondly, in the one-dimensional grating structure, the diffraction grating of the refraction pupil expanding area cannot be superposed with the diffraction grating of the coupling-out area, so that the proportion of a diffraction light waveguide display area is limited; third, the diffraction grating can only provide optical path control in either reflective or transmissive form, limiting the flexibility and aesthetics of the design of the diffractive optical waveguide.

In the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the present invention, the substrate surface is divided into a coupling-in area, a refractive pupil expanding area and a coupling-out area; a defect track and at least two defect belts are arranged in the refraction pupil expanding area, the defect track extends from the coupling-in area to one side far away from the coupling-in area, one end of each defect belt is in contact with the defect track, the other end of each defect belt extends to the coupling-out area, and the at least two defect belts are distributed along the axis of the defect track; photon crystal regions are arranged between adjacent defect bands, between the defect bands and the defect tracks, between the defect bands and the edges of the refraction pupil expansion region, and between the defect tracks and the edges of the refraction pupil expansion region, a plurality of scattering columns are arranged in the photon crystal regions to form photon crystals, and the axes of the scattering columns are perpendicular to the surface of the refraction pupil expansion region.

In order to make the technical field better understand the solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the two-dimensional optical waveguide includes a substrate 1, an incoupling grating, and an outcoupling grating; the surface of the substrate 1 is divided into a coupling-in area 2, a refractive pupil expanding area 3 and a coupling-out area 4; a defect track 31 and at least two defect belts 32 are arranged in the dioptric pupil area 3, the defect track 31 extends from the coupling-in area 2 to the side far away from the coupling-in area 2, one end of the defect belt 32 is in contact with the defect track 31, the other end of the defect belt 32 extends to the coupling-out area 4, and at least two defect belts 32 are distributed along the axis of the defect track 31; photon crystal regions are arranged between the adjacent defect zones 32, between the defect zones 32 and the defect tracks 31, between the defect zones 32 and the edges of the refraction pupil expanding region 3, and between the defect tracks 31 and the edges of the refraction pupil expanding region 3 in the refraction pupil expanding region 3, a plurality of scattering columns 33 are arranged in the photon crystal regions to form photon crystals, and the axes of the scattering columns 33 are vertical to the surface of the refraction pupil expanding region 3; the coupling-in grating is located on the surface of the coupling-in region 2, and the coupling-out grating is located on the surface of the coupling-out region 4.

The substrate 1 is a main body structure of a two-dimensional optical waveguide, and the substrate 1 is generally in a sheet shape in the embodiment of the present invention. For the specific material of the substrate 1, reference may be made to the prior art, and further description is omitted here. The external light is transmitted into the substrate 1 from the coupling-in region 2, passes through the refractive pupil-expanding region 3 for pupil-expanding transmission, and is transmitted out of the substrate 1 from the coupling-out region 4. It should be noted that the coupling-in region 2, the refractive pupil expansion region 3 and the coupling-out region 4 are usually located on the same surface of the substrate 1.

The surface of the coupling-in region 2 is provided with a coupling-in grating, the surface of the coupling-out region 4 is provided with a coupling-out grating, external light can be transmitted into the substrate 1 through the coupling-in grating, and corresponding light passing through the expanding pupil of the refractive expanding pupil region 3 can be transmitted out of the two-dimensional optical waveguide through the coupling-out grating. For the specific structures of the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating, reference may be made to the prior art, and further description thereof is omitted here.

The refractive pupil expanding region 3 is also divided into a defect track 31, a defect zone 32, and a photonic crystal region. Wherein, normally, only one defect track 31 is disposed in the pupil expanding region 3, and one end of the defect track 31 contacts the coupling-in region 2 and extends from the coupling-in region 2 to the surface of the substrate 1 far away from the coupling-in region 2. Accordingly, the external light first extends from the coupling-in region 2 along the defect track 31. It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the light transmitted into the substrate 1 from the coupling-in region 2 can be completely transmitted into the defect track 31, the width of the end of the defect track 31 contacting with the coupling-in region 2 is generally the same as the width of the coupling-in region 2. In particular, the width of the coupling-in zone 2 is generally between 1mm and 20mm, inclusive; accordingly, the width of the end of the defect track 31 in contact with the coupling-in zone 2 is typically between 1mm and 20mm, inclusive. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the length of the defect track 31 generally ranges from 5mm to 50mm, including end points, so as to conform to the habit of wearing by the user.

At least two defect strips 32 are disposed in the pupil expanding region 3, one end of each defect strip 32 is in contact with the defect track 31, and the other end of each defect strip 32 extends to the coupling-out region 4 to be in contact with the coupling-out region 4, so that the defect strips 32 are specifically used for diffusing the light transmitted in the defect track 31 and specifically transmitting the light to the coupling-out region 4. The defect strips 32 are required to be distributed along the axis of the defect track 31, and the axis of the defect strip 32 is usually at a certain angle with the axis of the defect track 31, and the light ray entering the defect strip 32 from the defect track 31 is usually rotated at a larger angle to realize the pupil expanding function. It should be noted that the defect bands 32 are generally located on the same side or both sides of the defect track 31, and when the light extends from the coupling-in area 2 to the side far from the coupling-in area 2 along the defect track 31, the light with different powers will be specifically transmitted to the corresponding defect bands 32 to implement the pupil expanding function, that is, the powers corresponding to the light transmitted in different defect bands 32 are generally different. While the defect strips 32 on the same side of the defect track 31 are generally parallel to each other for ease of positioning the dioptric pupil region 3.

The dioptric pupil area 3 is provided with a photonic crystal area. Specifically, photonic crystal regions are formed between adjacent defect zones 32 in the pupil expansion region 3, between the defect zones 32 and the defect tracks 31, between the defect zones 32 and the edge of the pupil expansion region 3, and between the defect tracks 31 and the edge of the pupil expansion region 3. That is, in the above-mentioned dioptric pupil region 3, the regions of the non-defect band 32 and the non-defect track 31 are generally photonic crystal regions. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the defect track 31 and the defect zone 32 are generally formed by different divisions of the photonic crystal regions, that is, the photonic crystal regions need to be disposed on both sides of the axis of the defect track 31 to form the defect track 31; while both sides of the axis of defect strip 32 need to be provided with photonic crystal regions to form defect strip 32. Specifically, the value range of the width of the defect band 32 in the embodiment of the present invention is usually 0.1mm to 5mm, including the end point value, so as to ensure that the light pupil expanding area has an effective pupil expanding function.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned photonic crystal region is provided with a plurality of scattering columns 33 to form a photonic crystal, and the axis of the scattering column 33 is perpendicular to the surface of the refractive pupil expanding region 3. The scattering columns 33 are arranged to form a photonic crystal in the photonic crystal region, that is, the refractive index of the scattering columns 33 is different from that of the substrate 1, and the scattering columns 33 are regularly distributed in the photonic crystal region in a periodic manner to form the photonic crystal. It should be noted that the scattering columns 33 are disposed along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the pupil-expanding region 3 to ensure that the photonic crystal can limit the light transmitted from the coupling-out region 4 to travel along the defect tracks 31 and the defect bands 32.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific shape of the scattering column 33 is not specifically limited, and the scattering column 33 may be a cylinder, a triangular prism, a rectangular parallelepiped, or the like, as the case may be; and simultaneously, in the embodiment of the utility model provides an it does not do specifically to restrict equally to the shape that distributes between the adjacent scatter column 33, can arrange according to regular triangle, square arrangement, rectangle between the adjacent scatter column 33 all can, do not do specifically to restrict in the embodiment of the utility model provides an. In general, the scattering column 33 in the embodiment of the present invention is an air column, that is, the photonic crystal is formed by etching small holes on the photonic crystal region on the surface of the substrate 1. Of course, the material of the scattering column 33 in the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, as the case may be. Of course, the refractive index and size of the scattering columns 33, the spacing and arrangement between the scattering columns 33, and the refractive index of the scattering columns 33 and the substrate 1, etc. all determine the wavelength range of light that can be confined by the photonic crystal. Therefore, to ensure that the light with the specific wavelength is transmitted in the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the scattering column 33 needs to satisfy a certain constraint condition. .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the photonic crystal can have a photonic band gap effect on the light within the working wavelength, thereby ensuring that the light can only be transmitted along the defect track 31 and the defect band 32. In the axial direction of the defect track 31, light rays with different functions are transmitted in the corresponding defect band 32 to realize the pupil expanding function. It should be noted that the mature methods for achieving the beam power ratio include controlling the width of the defect band 32, controlling the scattering column 33 at the interface between the defect track 31 and the defect band 32, and so on, and the present disclosure does not limit the method for the beam power ratio.

Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the width of the defect track 31 gradually decreases along the width from the coupling-in area 2 to the side far away from the coupling-in area 2, that is, the width of the defect track 31 gradually decreases along the light transmission direction. The arrangement of the defect tracks 31 as described above ensures that as much light as possible is transmitted into the defect strips 32 and finally into the outcoupling region 4. The specific width parameter of the defective track 31 can be set according to the actual situation, and is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 2, preferably, in the present embodiment, the coupling-out area 4 coincides with the refractive pupil expanding area 3. At this time, the coupling-out grating disposed on the surface of the coupling-out region 4 covers the pupil expanding region 3 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in fig. 2, and usually covers the defect band 32 and the photonic crystal region on the side of the defect track 31 in the pupil expanding region 3, i.e. the coupling-out grating specifically covers the region extending from the pupil expanding region 3 to the defect track 31. Of course, the coupling-out grating may cover the defect track 31, and is not limited thereto. So that the coupling-out region 4 coincides with the refractive pupil expanding region 3, the area ratio of the coupling-out region 4 can be greatly increased.

In the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the substrate 1 is divided into the coupling-in area 2, the refraction pupil expanding area 3 and the coupling-out area 4; a defect track 31 and at least two defect belts 32 are arranged in the dioptric pupil area 3, the defect track 31 extends from the coupling-in area 2 to the side far away from the coupling-in area 2, one end of the defect belt 32 is in contact with the defect track 31, the other end of the defect belt 32 extends to the coupling-out area 4, and the at least two defect belts 32 are distributed along the axis of the defect track 31; photon crystal regions are arranged between the adjacent defect zones 32, between the defect zones 32 and the defect tracks 31, between the defect zones 32 and the edges of the refractive pupil expanding region 3, and between the defect tracks 31 and the edges of the refractive pupil expanding region 3 in the refractive pupil expanding region 3, a plurality of scattering columns 33 are arranged in the photon crystal regions to form photon crystals, and the axes of the scattering columns 33 are vertical to the surface of the refractive pupil expanding region 3.

Due to the existence of the photonic crystal, the defect tracks 31 and the defect bands 32 form light guiding branches, and light transmitted from the coupling-in region 2 into the substrate 1 can be transmitted to the coupling-out region 4 through the defect tracks 31 and the defect bands 32 to realize a pupil expanding function. The photonic crystal can completely prohibit light from transmitting, so that the light can be transmitted along the light guide branch in a large-angle and low-loss bent mode, and the two-dimensional optical waveguide has high refraction pupil expansion efficiency.

The specific structure of the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the present invention will be described in detail in the following embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Be different from above-mentioned utility model embodiment, the embodiment of the utility model provides a on the basis of above-mentioned utility model embodiment, further carry out concrete limit to the structure of two-dimensional optical waveguide. The rest of the contents have been described in detail in the above embodiments, and are not described again here.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 is located at one side edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1, the defect track 31 extends from one side edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1 to the other side edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1, the coupling-out area 4 includes a first coupling-out area 41 and a second coupling-out area 42 which are oppositely disposed with respect to the axis of the defect track 31, the defect strip 32 includes a first defect strip 321 and a second defect strip 322, the first defect strip 321 extends from the defect track 31 to the first coupling-out area 41, and the second defect strip 322 extends from the defect track 31 to the second coupling-out area 42.

It should be noted that the coupling-in region 2 is usually located at the edge of the surface of the substrate 1, so as to facilitate the display of images of AR devices and the like made based on the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the embodiments of the present invention. In the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in region 2 is located at an edge portion of one side of the surface of the substrate 1, and generally the coupling-in region 2 will be located at a middle region of the edge portion of one side of the surface of the substrate 1. The region defect track 31 extends from one side edge of the surface of the substrate 1, i.e. the coupling-in region 2, to the other side edge of the surface of the substrate 1, so that the light can extend from one side edge to the other side edge of the surface of the substrate 1.

The coupling-out region 4 includes a first coupling-out region 41 and a second coupling-out region 42, the first coupling-out region 41 and the second coupling-out region 42 are disposed opposite to each other along the axis of the defect track 31, that is, if the coupling-in region 2 is located on the left side of the surface of the substrate 1, the defect track 31 extends from the left side to the right side, the first coupling-out region 41 is generally located on the upper side of the surface of the substrate 1, and the second coupling-out region 42 is generally located on the lower side of the surface of the substrate 1. Accordingly, the defective strip 32 includes a first defective strip 321 and a second defective strip 322, in which the first defective strip 321 extends from the defective track 31 to the first coupling-out region 41, so as to transmit part of the light to the first coupling-out region 41 for imaging; the second defect band 322 extends from the defect track 31 to the second coupling-out region 42, so as to transmit part of the light to the second coupling-out region 42 for imaging.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the first defective zone 321, the second defective zone 322, the first coupling-out area 41 and the second coupling-out area 42 are disposed to transmit the light transmitted from the coupling-in area 2 to both sides, so as to display an image. Specifically, the defective tape 32 may be any one or any combination of the following; a linear defect band 32 perpendicular to the axis of the defect track 31, an oblique defect band 32 not perpendicular to the axis of the defect track 31, and a broken line defect band 32. The defect tape 32 may be formed in a straight line shape by extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the defect track 31 with the axis of the defect track 31 as a center; the defect band 32 may also extend along an oblique line with the axis of the defect track 31 as the center, thereby forming an oblique line type defect band 32; the defect strip 32 may also be a broken line type defect strip 32 to transmit light to the out-coupling region 4. Of course, the specific shape of the defective tape 32 in the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, as the case may be.

It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 may be located on the left or right side of the surface of the substrate 1, so that the light is transmitted along the horizontal direction; the coupling-in region 2 may also be located on the upper side or the lower side of the surface of the substrate 1, so that the light can be transmitted along the vertical direction, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a two-dimensional optical waveguide, the coupling district 2 positions are applicable to the AR glasses that the projection ray apparatus set up on glasses both sides mirror leg near the axis of two-dimensional optical waveguide, and very match with current glasses shape, need not additionally design glasses shape, extensive applicability, the commonality is strong.

Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 is located at an edge portion of one side of the surface of the substrate 1, the coupling-out area 4 is located at the other side of the surface of the substrate 1, and the defect track 31 extends from the coupling-in area 2 to the coupling-out area 4; the defective strip 32 includes a first defective strip 321 on one side of the defective track 31 and a second defective strip 322 on the other side of the defective track 31, and the defective strip 32 is a broken line type defective strip 32.

The coupling-in region 2 is located at one side edge of the surface of the substrate 1, and the coupling-out region 4 is located at the other side of the surface of the substrate 1, i.e. the coupling-in region 2 and the coupling-in region 2 are oppositely arranged on the surface of the substrate 1. At this time, the defect track 31 extends from the coupling-in region 2 to the coupling-out region 4, the defect strip 32 is a zigzag defect strip 32, one end of the defect strip 32 contacts the defect track 31, and the defect strip 32 is folded toward the coupling-out region 4 and finally extends to the coupling-out region 4 to transmit light to the coupling-out region 4.

Specifically, the defective strip 32 may include a first defective strip 321 and a second defective strip 322, and the first defective strip 321 and the second defective strip 322 may be respectively located at two sides of the defective strip 32 to transmit light from the two sides of the defective track 31 to the outcoupling region 4.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 is located at a side corner edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1, and the coupling-out area 4 is located at a side of the defect track 31.

The substrate 1 is generally rectangular or rectangular-like, and the edge of the substrate 1 includes corner edges at four corners. In the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in region 2 is located at a corner edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1. Accordingly, the defect track 31 extends along one side of the surface of the substrate 1. In this case, the coupling-in area 2 is usually arranged only on one side of the defective track 31. At this time, the defect band 32 extends from the defect track 31 to the incoupling region 2, so as to transmit light to the incoupling region 2 for imaging. At this time, the coupling-in area 2 and the defect track 31 are usually located at the edge of the field of view of the AR device, so that the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not affect the sight of the user.

Specifically, the defective tape 32 may be any one or any combination of the following; a linear defect band 32 perpendicular to the axis of the defect track 31, an oblique defect band 32 not perpendicular to the axis of the defect track 31, and a broken line defect band 32. The defect tape 32 may be formed in a straight line shape by extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the defect track 31 with the axis of the defect track 31 as a center; the defect band 32 may also extend along an oblique line with the axis of the defect track 31 as the center, thereby forming an oblique line type defect band 32; the defect strip 32 may also be a broken line type defect strip 32 to transmit light to the out-coupling region 4. Of course, the specific shape of the defective tape 32 in the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, as the case may be.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the light may be transmitted along the horizontal direction or transmitted along the vertical direction, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited specifically.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a two-dimensional optical waveguide, the coupling district 2 sets up in 3 one sides in refraction pupil expanding district, and defect track 31 is along 1 side of basement and extension, and the projector can set up also can set up in the lens top on glasses both sides mirror leg, matches with current glasses shape, need not additionally design glasses shape, extensive applicability, and the commonality is strong.

Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh specific two-dimensional optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 is located at a corner edge portion of a surface of the substrate 1, the coupling-out area 4 is located at the other side of the surface of the substrate 1, and the defect track 31 extends from the coupling-in area 2 to the coupling-out area 4; the defective tape 32 is a broken line type defective tape 32.

The substrate 1 is generally rectangular or rectangular-like, and the edge of the substrate 1 includes corner edges at four corners. In the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in region 2 is located at a corner edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1. Accordingly, the defect track 31 extends along one side of the surface of the substrate 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 is located at a corner edge portion of the surface of the substrate 1, and the coupling-out area 4 is located at the other side of the surface of the substrate 1, i.e. the coupling-in area 2 and the coupling-in area 2 are oppositely disposed on the surface of the substrate 1. At this time, the defect track 31 extends from the coupling-in region 2 to the coupling-out region 4, the defect strip 32 is a zigzag defect strip 32, one end of the defect strip 32 contacts the defect track 31, and the defect strip 32 is folded toward the coupling-out region 4 and finally extends to the coupling-out region 4 to transmit light to the coupling-out region 4. In the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in area 2 and the defect track 31 are generally located at the edge of the field of view of the AR device, so that the two-dimensional optical waveguide provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not affect the sight of the user.

A specific two-dimensional optical waveguide will be provided below. In the embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the substrate 1 is divided into a coupling-in area 2, a refractive pupil expanding area 3 and a coupling-out area 4. The coupling-in area 2 is arranged at the left side of the refraction pupil expanding area 3, and light beams which are vertically incident to the coupling-in area 2 of the two-dimensional optical waveguide plane become light beams which are transmitted from the coupling-in area 2 to the right in the waveguide; the refraction pupil expanding area 3 is provided with a photonic crystal with a preset structure, the photonic crystal is a series of cylindrical air columns which are specially arranged on a waveguide plane, the hole patterns are distributed in a transverse line array manner, and the photonic crystal structure is a uniform structure with the thickness equal to the thickness of the waveguide in the direction vertical to the waveguide plane; the refractive pupil expanding area 3 presents a defect track 31 with gradually reduced width from left to right, the defect track 31 derives at least two defect bands 32 from left to right, and the defect bands 32 are in a diagonal line type. Such a defect track 31 and defect strips 32 serve as a light guide, and a light beam traveling from left to right in the refractive pupil area 3 will partially split into the defect strips 32 at a specific power, thereby realizing a continuous downward propagation of the entire light beam. The defect track 31 and the air column width are designed to be wide, so that light on the defect track 31 is split into sub-defect strips 32. In this embodiment, 10 downward defect strips 32 are derived from the defect track 31. In this embodiment, the wavelength of light wave is 640nm, the two-dimensional optical waveguide material is a polymer with a relative dielectric constant of 20, the aperture duty ratio of the refractive pupil expanding region 3 is 0.492, and the splitting ratio can be obtained by calculation and simulation as follows: 1.5. the width of the defect track 31 is 5mm, the length of the defect track 31 is 30mm, and the length of the coupling-in area 2 is 30 mm; the width of the defective tape 32 is 5 mm; the total width of the exit pupil area 3 is 40mm, and the exit coupling area 4 coincides with the exit pupil area 3.

The virtual and real optical wave beam combiner provided by the present invention is introduced below, and the virtual and real optical wave beam combiner described below and the two-dimensional optical waveguide described above can be referred to in correspondence.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a virtual reality light beam combiner, including the two-dimensional optical waveguide that any above-mentioned utility model embodiment provided, still including being located usually the protective glass on two-dimensional optical waveguide surface and with two-dimensional optical waveguide optical communication connects's discoloring parts. For the specific structure of the protective glass and the color-changing device, reference may be made to the prior art, and further description thereof is omitted here. It should be noted that, the disclosure does not specifically limit the optical waveguide protective glass, the color changing device, etc., and does not specifically limit the virtual-real light beam Combiner (Combiner), as long as the virtual-real light beam Combiner (Combiner) of the two-dimensional optical waveguide disclosed in the present invention is included. The rest can be referred to the prior art and will not be described in an expanded manner.

The present invention provides an AR device, and the AR device described below and the two-dimensional optical waveguide described above may be referred to with reference to each other.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an AR equipment, including the two-dimensional optical waveguide of any one of the above utility model embodiments, still include projection display module, calculation module and sensing module usually; the sensing module is used for acquiring azimuth information, and the computing module is used for controlling an image source in the projection display module to generate a corresponding image according to the azimuth information; the image is transferred into the incoupling region 2 via the incoupling grating.

The sensing module is used for sensing the azimuth information, and the computing module is used for controlling an image source in the projection display module to generate a corresponding image according to the azimuth information, wherein the image can be transmitted into the coupling-in area 2 through the coupling-in grating. Of course, the sensing module usually includes many devices, such as a camera, an IMU (inertial measurement unit), and other sensors to measure different parameters, and the specific structure and the specific process of the sensing module may be set according to the actual situation, and are not limited herein. It should be pointed out that the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the image source in the projection display unit, preferably, the image source in the projection display unit can be any one or more of LCoS, DMD, OLED, micro led, LBS, and the image source is equipped with corresponding optical design and optical adapter prism, and inputs the enlarged image to the waveguide coupling-in area 2.

It is also noted that the present disclosure does not specifically limit the AR device, and preferably, the AR device is any one or more of AR glasses, an AR helmet device, and an AR head-up display (HUD).

The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

It is right above that the utility model provides a two-dimensional optical waveguide, a virtual reality light beam combiner and an AR equipment have introduced in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been explained herein using specific examples, and the above descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional optical waveguide comprises a substrate, an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating;

2. The two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 1, wherein a width of the defect track is gradually reduced in a direction from the coupling-in region to a side away from the coupling-in region.

3. The two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the coupling-in region is located at one side edge portion of the substrate surface, the defect track extends from one side edge portion of the substrate surface to the other side edge portion of the substrate surface, the coupling-out region includes a first coupling-out region and a second coupling-out region which are oppositely disposed with respect to the defect track axis, the defect band includes a first defect band and a second defect band, the first defect band extends from the defect track to the first coupling-out region, and the second defect band extends from the defect track to the second coupling-out region.

4. The two-dimensional optical waveguide of claim 3, wherein the defect band is any one or any combination of the following;

5. The two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the coupling-in region is located at an edge portion of one side of the substrate surface, the coupling-out region is located at the other side of the substrate surface, and the defect track extends from the coupling-in region to the coupling-out region; the defect belt comprises a first defect belt positioned on one side of the defect track and a second defect belt positioned on the other side of the defect track, and the defect belt is a broken line type defect belt.

6. The two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the coupling-in region is located at a corner edge portion on a side of the substrate surface, and the coupling-out region is located at a side of the defect track.

7. The two-dimensional optical waveguide of claim 6, wherein the defect band is any one or any combination of the following;

8. The two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the coupling-in region is located at a corner edge portion on one side of the substrate surface, the coupling-out region is located on the other side of the substrate surface, and the defect track extends from the coupling-in region to the coupling-out region; the defect belt is a broken line type defect belt.

9. A two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the length of the defect track ranges from 5mm to 50mm, inclusive.

10. A two-dimensional optical waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the defect strip width is in the range of 0.1mm to 5mm, inclusive.

11. The two-dimensional optical waveguide of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said coupling-out region coincides with said refractive pupil expanding region.

12. A virtual-real optical combiner comprising a two-dimensional optical waveguide according to any of claims 1 to 11.

13. An AR device comprising a two-dimensional optical waveguide according to any of claims 1 to 11.