CN210724269U - Battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting negative increment of voltage - Google Patents
Battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting negative increment of voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN210724269U CN210724269U CN201922115824.4U CN201922115824U CN210724269U CN 210724269 U CN210724269 U CN 210724269U CN 201922115824 U CN201922115824 U CN 201922115824U CN 210724269 U CN210724269 U CN 210724269U
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a battery intelligent charging circuit of detection voltage burden increment, include that the secondary side at switching power supply sets up the singlechip power and gives main control monolithic microcomputer U1 power supply, it receives a pin control of U1 or opens or closes to set up a switch tube Q4, make another pin of U1 connect voltage sampling unit, get back ocv voltage by rechargeable battery and carry out AD conversion, the negative pole V that charges is connected to another pin of U1-, get back the charging current value through AD conversion, the pin output PWM signal control charging voltage of U1 again. The utility model discloses follow electrochemical material's charging characteristic, loaded the detection control program of simulation ideal charging process in U1, come control charging current and termination charging process through the terminal voltage and the battery temperature that detect the battery. The utility model provides a serious drawback and other potential safety hazards that dry, chargeable number of times reduce, the life-span shortens of electrolyte that leads to after the battery overcharges of prior art. The utility model discloses low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a power technical field especially relates to a battery intelligent charging's of detection voltage negative increment circuit.
Background
With the increase of mobile phone panels and various handheld devices with batteries, the usage amount of rechargeable batteries is very large, and the capacity of the batteries is also larger. For example, in a smart phone which is commonly used in daily life, the capacity of a built-in battery increases from 1000mAh at first to a large battery of 5000mAh at present.
The demand for the charging speed of these batteries is higher and higher, and it is desired that the charging speed is higher and better, and the expectation of the charging safety is higher and higher. Therefore, the aim of cumin of a charger manufacturer is to ensure the charging speed and the safety of the charger.
The batteries currently available on the market are mainly divided into two types, one is a lithium ion Li-ion or lithium Polymer Li-Polymer battery, and the other is a nickel-hydrogen Ni-MH battery; the two batteries have respective features and advantages and disadvantages. However, as an electrochemical material, the property of the electrochemical material determines that the charging process requirement is very high, most of the existing chargers at present do not adopt intelligent control for detecting negative increment of voltage, do not have a pre-charging awakening stage and a trickle complementary charging stage with too low battery voltage, and do not have charging cut-off setting, so that the battery is charged all the time as long as the charger is connected with the battery, and the battery is often overcharged.
If the charging is improper, the efficiency of converting the electric energy into the chemical energy is reduced, and the heat generation of the battery is serious. The temperature of the battery is too high, so that the electrolyte in the battery is dried, the rechargeable frequency is sharply reduced, the service life is shortened, and the safety accidents such as leakage, explosion and the like can be seriously caused.
How to perfectly realize the expected curve of the electrochemical material charging process, the current patent literature and technical journal do not provide a satisfactory solution on the premise of uniformly considering the comprehensive indexes of cost, speed and safety.
Therefore, the intelligent battery charging circuit for detecting the negative increment of the voltage considering the comprehensive indexes of cost, speed and safety is designed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a compromise battery intelligent charging circuit of cost, speed, safe comprehensive index's detection voltage negative increment, satisfy the demand of people to this type of product.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
a battery smart charging circuit that implements a detection of negative voltage increments, the battery smart charging circuit comprising:
the secondary side circuit of the switching power supply is provided with a single chip microcomputer power supply, a sampling switch control unit, a voltage sampling unit, a charging voltage adjusting unit, a main control single chip microcomputer and a temperature detection unit, wherein the main control single chip microcomputer is powered by the single chip microcomputer power supply, a switching tube of the sampling switch control unit is controlled by a 6 th pin of the main control single chip microcomputer, a charging voltage V + added to the anode of a rechargeable battery is connected with the output end of the secondary side of the switching power supply through the switching tube, and a 5 th pin of the main control single chip microcomputer is connected with the charging voltage adjusting unit to control the height of the charging voltage V +; the 2 nd pin of the main control single-chip microcomputer is connected with a sampling point of the voltage sampling unit, the 1 st pin of the main control single-chip microcomputer is connected with the temperature detection unit, and the 3 rd pin of the main control single-chip microcomputer is connected with the charging negative electrode V-, and the charging negative electrode V-is grounded through the charging current sampling resistor.
One end of the charging current sampling resistor is connected with the charging negative electrode V-, and the other end of the charging current sampling resistor is grounded.
An AD conversion circuit is arranged in the 2 nd pin of the master control single chip microcomputer.
And the 5 th pin of the master control single-chip microcomputer outputs a PWM signal.
An AD conversion circuit is arranged in the 3 rd pin of the master control single-chip microcomputer.
The utility model has the advantages that: a main control single-chip microcomputer and a relevant detection circuit unit are arranged according to the charging characteristics required by an electrochemical material, a detection control program simulating an expected curve of the charging process of the electrochemical material is loaded in the main control single-chip microcomputer, the charging current is controlled by detecting the terminal voltage of a charged battery and the temperature of the battery, and the charging process is stopped. The utility model provides a too hot electrolyte that leads to of battery dry, but drawback and other potential safety hazards that chargeable number of times reduces, the life-span shortens, more outstanding advantage is the utility model discloses low cost, the charging speed is fast.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of the battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting negative voltage increment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging characteristic curve of a Ni-MH battery in an intelligent battery charging circuit for detecting negative voltage increments according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a control flow chart related to the battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting the negative increment of the voltage.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained by the best mode in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the ideal charging procedure for a rechargeable battery is:
1. when the battery voltage is lower than the fixed value of , waking up and activating by using 'low current pre-charging';
2. when the voltage of the battery reaches the lower limit of a rated value, the battery is switched to constant-current quick charging;
3. along with the charging, when the voltage of the battery rises to a specific higher point and a 'knee point' of the descending trend appears, the temperature of the battery can rise quickly, the cell pressure rises sharply, if the battery is still charged by the same current, but the electric energy can not be converted into chemical energy, the electric energy is converted into ineffective heat energy, the temperature of the battery rises obviously, the cell pressure increases violently, and even the explosion danger exists.
Under the normal and reasonable charging condition, the rechargeable frequency of the lithium battery is only about 600 times, the rechargeable frequency of the nickel-hydrogen battery is only about 800 times, and if the battery scheme is unreasonably controlled, the temperature of the battery is repeatedly overheated, the pressure of an electrolytic cell is suddenly increased, the electrolyte is dried up, and the rechargeable service life frequency is sharply shortened.
4. Thus, as the battery voltage rises to a higher point and comes with a downward trend, at an inflection point, it turns to "trickle charge".
5. And setting the charging cut-off time, and stopping the charging process when the set time is reached due to safety consideration and no matter what the charging result is.
However, the ideal charging process cannot be realized by hardware alone, so that a single-chip microcomputer is used for realizing the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, the utility model is provided with a main control single-chip microcomputer U1 for intelligent detection and control, and a sampling switch control unit 16 and a voltage sampling unit 15 in the figure detect the open circuit voltage ocv (open circuit voltage) of the battery; detecting the OCV of the battery in real time and using a-dV/dt charging algorithm; once per second, detection time 10ms (of course these two times can be increased or decreased); when the negative increase (decrement) of the OCV voltage of the battery is detected when the battery is continuously subjected to 7 cycles (the number of cycles can be increased or decreased) at the inflection point, the battery is judged to reach the inflection point, and the 5 th pin of the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 adjusts the charging voltage, so that the charging state is converted from the constant-current quick-charging stage to the trickle-supplement charging stage, and the over-charging temperature of the battery is prevented from increasing.
Because the off time of each cycle is only 10ms, which is only 1% of the cycle 1s, the charging efficiency is little affected.
Because the battery has internal resistance, the voltage across the battery is detected to be closed circuit voltage CCV (closed circuit voltage) during charging, and when the charging circuit is not connected, the voltage across the battery is OCV, CCV = OCV + Ic ﹡ Rb, Ic is charging current, and Rb is internal resistance of the battery. Therefore, the OCV is always less than CCV, and the voltage value detected only in the non-charging state is the actual voltage of the battery, and if the detection is performed without the power-off of the switch, the detected voltage is the output voltage of the charger and is not the actual voltage of the battery, so that the battery is overcharged.
The charger of this patent technique has the time setting of ending charging, more possesses the security.
A. Charging is terminated when the terminal voltage reaches a voltage threshold and the charging current drops to 3% of the constant current, fast charge charging current indicating that the battery is fully charged.
B. Regardless of the charging state, the charging is terminated by the expiration of the charging time.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, a preferred embodiment of a battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting a negative increment of voltage comprises:
a secondary side circuit of the switching power supply 17 is provided with a single chip microcomputer power supply 14, a sampling switch control unit 16, a voltage sampling unit 15, a charging voltage adjusting unit 18, a main control single chip microcomputer U1 and a temperature detection unit 19, wherein the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is supplied with power by the single chip microcomputer power supply 14, a switching tube Q4 of the sampling switch control unit 16 is controlled by a 6 th pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1, a charging voltage V + added to the anode of the rechargeable battery 20 is connected with an output end of the secondary side of the switching power supply 17 through the switching tube Q4, a 5 th pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the charging voltage adjusting unit 18 to control the height of the charging voltage V +; the 2 nd pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the sampling point of the voltage sampling unit 15, the 1 st pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the temperature detection unit 19, the 3 rd pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the charging negative electrode V-, and the charging negative electrode V-is grounded through the charging current sampling resistor.
One end of the charging current sampling resistor is connected with the charging negative electrode V-, and the other end of the charging current sampling resistor is grounded.
The 2 nd pin of the master control single chip microcomputer U1 is internally provided with an AD conversion circuit.
The 5 th pin of the master single-chip microcomputer U1 outputs a PWM signal.
The 3 rd pin of the master control single-chip microcomputer U1 is internally provided with an AD conversion circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the color and the lighting state of the LED indicator are controlled to respectively correspond to the charging state or perform an abnormal alarm.
Because of the one-chip microcomputer programming control, the charge state indication can be modified as required. The single-chip microcomputer is internally provided with a crystal oscillator and can program the preset charge cut-off time.
The utility model discloses charged state LED pilot lamp operating condition contrast is according to:
A. no connection battery LED: and (5) fixing green.
B. The battery is connected, the pre-charging is carried out when the battery voltage is low, and the LED: red flickers at a frequency of 1 Hz.
C. Constant current quick charge, LED: the red blinks at a frequency of 2 Hz.
D. Trickle charge LED: red flickers at a frequency of 0.5 Hz.
E. Battery temperature is too high, battery reverse connection etc. LED: red flashes rapidly at a frequency of 8 Hz.
F. The charging time is cut OFF, and the LED is turned OFF.
In the above preferred embodiment, the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is of the ATMEI-TINY-13 type, and in other embodiments, the STC15W401AS series may be selected, so as to achieve the same function. In addition to these two single-chip microcomputers, there are many single-chip microcomputers that are adequate for the control method of the present invention, which is not illustrated herein, so for the purpose of explaining the principle and facilitating the understanding of the reader, the present invention is explained by using the pin number of ATMEI-TINY-13 model, which does not represent to limit the device only.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation does:
firstly, a sampling time setting program module, a sampling switch driving program module, a sampling voltage AD conversion program module, a sampling voltage analysis program module, a charging voltage analysis result processing program module, a battery temperature detection program module, a battery temperature data analysis program module, a battery temperature data processing program module, a battery charging state display program module and a timer program module are loaded in a main control program memory in a main control single-chip microcomputer U1, and instructions of all the program modules are suitable for being loaded and executed by a main control single-chip microcomputer U1;
when the switching power supply 17 starts to work, the rechargeable battery 20 is connected between V + and V-, and a timer program module in the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 starts to time;
the sampling time setting program module sets every interval charging time t1, the switch tube Q4 is turned off by a turn-off time slot t2, the turn-off action is executed by the sampling switch driving program module driving the sampling switch control unit 16, during the turn-off time slot t2, the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 retrieves the terminal voltage value of the rechargeable battery 20 through the sampling voltage AD conversion program module by the voltage sampling unit 15, samples are continuously carried out for N times, a sampling data group is established, and the data in the sampling data group are stored according to the sequence;
next, analyzing whether the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery 20 is lower than the rated value lower limit or not through a sampling voltage analysis program module;
if the voltage is lower than the lower limit of the rated value, the rechargeable battery 20 belongs to a waking-up activation pre-charging stage, the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 starts a charging voltage analysis result processing program module, and the charging current is set to be a low-current pre-charging mode through the charging voltage adjusting unit 18 and the voltage on the charging current sampling resistor;
if the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery 20 is higher than the lower limit of the rated value, the rechargeable battery should enter the constant-current quick-charging mode, and the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 starts the charging voltage analysis result processing program module 115 to adjust the charging current to the current value in the constant-current quick-charging mode through the charging voltage adjusting unit 18 and the voltage on the charging current sampling resistor;
next, in the stage of the constant-current quick-charging mode, the master control single-chip microcomputer U1 continuously samples to obtain a sampling data set, and a sampling voltage analysis program module is used for analyzing whether voltage data in the set are leveled or increased progressively according to the sampling sequence, if so, the step is repeated, and if the voltage data in the set are decreased progressively according to the sampling sequence, the next step is carried out;
next, as the voltage data in the battery pack decreases in the sampling sequence, it indicates that the rechargeable battery 20 is about to enter the overcharged state, and at this time, the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 calls the voltage across the charging voltage adjusting unit 18 and the sampling resistor for detecting the charging current to adjust the charging current to the current value in the trickle charge mode;
the system starts the timer when starting to work, then all the steps always detect the accumulated timing time of the timer, if the timing time does not reach the set time, the charging is continued, if the timing time reaches or exceeds the set time, the charging is finished, and at this time, the switch tube Q4 is completely turned off.
The charging time t1 is selected between 0.5 and 3 seconds, and the off time slot t2 is selected between 5 and 30 milliseconds.
And N times of sampling are selected from 3-20 times.
The temperature detection runs through the charging process, the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 calls a battery temperature detection program module and a battery temperature data analysis program module to run, and if the temperature exceeds the limit, a battery temperature data processing program module runs and directly turns off the Q4.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, there may be variations in the specific implementation and application range according to the spirit of the present invention, and the content of the description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting negative voltage increments, the battery intelligent charging circuit comprising:
a secondary side circuit of a switching power supply (17) is provided with a single chip microcomputer power supply (14), a sampling switch control unit (16), a voltage sampling unit (15), a charging voltage adjusting unit (18), a main control single chip microcomputer U1 and a temperature detecting unit (19), the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is powered by the single chip microcomputer power supply (14), a switching tube Q4 of the sampling switch control unit (16) is controlled by a 6 th pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1, a charging voltage V + added to the anode of a rechargeable battery (20) is connected with an output end of the secondary side of the switching power supply (17) through the switching tube Q4, a 5 th pin of a main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with the charging voltage adjusting unit (18) to control the level of the charging voltage V +; the 2 nd pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with a sampling point of a voltage sampling unit (15), the 1 st pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with a temperature detection unit (19), the 3 rd pin of the main control single chip microcomputer U1 is connected with a charging negative electrode V-, and the charging negative electrode V-is grounded through a charging current sampling resistor.
2. The battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting the negative increment of the voltage according to claim 1, wherein one end of the charging current sampling resistor is connected with a charging negative electrode V-, and the other end is grounded.
3. The intelligent battery charging circuit for detecting negative voltage increment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pin 2 of the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 is internally provided with an AD conversion circuit.
4. The battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting the negative increment of the voltage according to claim 1, wherein the 5 th pin of the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 outputs a PWM signal.
5. The intelligent battery charging circuit for detecting negative voltage increment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pin 3 of the main control single-chip microcomputer U1 is internally provided with an AD conversion circuit.
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| CN201922115824.4U CN210724269U (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting negative increment of voltage |
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| CN201922115824.4U CN210724269U (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Battery intelligent charging circuit for detecting negative increment of voltage |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110752648A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-04 | 东莞市石龙富华电子有限公司 | Intelligent battery charging method and circuit for detecting negative voltage increment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110752648A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-04 | 东莞市石龙富华电子有限公司 | Intelligent battery charging method and circuit for detecting negative voltage increment |
| CN110752648B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2024-05-17 | 东莞市石龙富华电子有限公司 | Intelligent battery charging method and circuit for detecting negative voltage increment |
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