CN210723344U - High-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite left-right-hand transmission line - Google Patents
High-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite left-right-hand transmission line Download PDFInfo
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- CN210723344U CN210723344U CN201921824888.5U CN201921824888U CN210723344U CN 210723344 U CN210723344 U CN 210723344U CN 201921824888 U CN201921824888 U CN 201921824888U CN 210723344 U CN210723344 U CN 210723344U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high gain wave beam scanning antenna based on a composite left-right hand transmission line, which comprises a periodic leaky-wave antenna and an artificial electromagnetic structure; the periodic leaky-wave antenna comprises a radiation patch, a through hole, a ground, a coaxial feed part and a Rogers5880 substrate, the artificial electromagnetic structure comprises an annular patch array and an FR4 substrate, S11 of the periodic leaky-wave antenna in 4-6Ghz is smaller than-10 dB, the maximum gain reaches 12.47dBi, the scanning range can reach-60- +60, and the gain of the periodic leaky-wave antenna is improved by about 2dB under the condition of not changing the scanning range by loading the artificial electromagnetic structure on the periodic leaky-wave antenna. Has good application value in radar systems.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the antenna, concretely relates to high-gain beam scanning antenna based on compound right-hand and left-hand transmission line, beam scanning antenna based on CRLH-TL (compound right-hand and left-hand material transmission line) unit structure and the artifical electromagnetic structure of loading form high-gain, wide beam scanning range.
Background
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are becoming increasingly popular with their low profile, narrow beam, simple feedlines and inherent beam scanning capabilities. The leaky-wave antenna with the periodic structure can radiate electromagnetic power of higher-order space harmonics and has a series of advantages such as low loss and flexible radiation characteristics, however, due to the limitation of an open stopband, it is a challenge to realize lateral radiation of LWA without causing significant gain loss.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, an object of the present invention is to provide a leaky-wave antenna design concept with wide frequency band, high gain and wide beam scanning range, which realizes wide beam scanning range and wide frequency band of the antenna by combining the transmission line unit structures of the left and right hands, and realizes further gain increase by loading the artificial electromagnetic structure.
In order to solve the technical problem existing in the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
the high-gain beam scanning antenna based on the composite left-right-hand transmission line is characterized by comprising a periodic leaky-wave antenna and an artificial electromagnetic structure, wherein the periodic leaky-wave antenna comprises a Rogers5880 substrate (1) and a first line layer and a second line layer which are respectively arranged on two sides of the substrate (1), the first line layer is at least provided with a radiation patch (2) and a microstrip gradual-change feed patch, the second line layer is at least provided with a ground (5), and the radiation patch (2) is connected with the ground (5) through a through hole (3); the artificial electromagnetic structure comprises an FR4 substrate (7) and a metal circular ring array (8) arranged on the substrate. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the beam scanning antenna is also provided with a coaxial feeder (6), and the coaxial feeder (6) is used for feeding the periodic leaky-wave antenna;
the radiating patch (12) is connected with the ground (5) through the through hole (3), the microstrip gradual change feed patch is connected with the radiating patch, and the radiating patch (2), the ground (5) and the through hole (3) form a composite left-right hand transmission line unit;
in the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line unit, the radiation patch (2) generates a series left-handed capacitor CLAnd a right flashlight sensor L connected in seriesRThe inductance effect of the through hole (3) is used as a parallel left-hand inductor LLA coupling capacitor is generated between the radiation patch (2) and the ground (5) and is used as a parallel right-hand capacitor CR。
As a further improvement, the periodic leaky-wave antenna is composed of ten composite right-hand and left-hand transmission line units.
As a further improvement scheme, the composite left-right hand transmission line unit consists of a radiation patch, a ground and through holes, wherein the number of the through holes is 5, and the through holes are plum blossom-shaped.
As a further improvement, the artificial electromagnetic structure is composed of an FR4 substrate and an array of metal rings disposed on the substrate, wherein the number of the metal rings is 108.
As a further improvement, when the composite left-right hand transmission line structure reaches the balance,
as a further improvement, the impedance value of the coaxial feeder (6) is 50 ohms.
As a further improvement, the coaxial feeder (6) is insulated by an insulator at the outside, and the bottom of the coaxial feeder is sealed by a plating head.
As a further improvement, the periodic leaky-wave antenna part adopts a Rogers5880 substrate, and the artificial electromagnetic structure part adopts an FR4 substrate.
As a further improvement, the volume of the Rogers5880 substrate (1) is 171.7 × 30 × 2mm3, the volume of the FR4 substrate (7) is 171.7 × 30 × 2mm3, the area of the ground (5) is 171.7 × 30mm2, and the area of the radiation patch (2) is 14.5 × 13.7mm 2.
As a further improvement, the radius of the through holes (3) is 0.45mm, the distance between every two through holes is 1.5mm, the radius of a feed probe of the coaxial feed line (6) is 0.65mm, and the radius of the coaxial feed line (6) is 2.05 mm.
As a further improvement, the series left-hand capacitor CL1.9pF, said series right-hand inductor LR1.51nH, the left-hand inductance L connected in parallelL0.52nH, the parallel right-hand capacitor CR
＝0.65pF。
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a loading radiation paster, through-hole, ground constitute compound left and right hands transmission line unit, utilize this kind of structure, under the condition that does not influence or improve antenna performance, realize the simplification of overall structure, easily preparation has realized simultaneously that the beam scanning scope is minus 60- +60 °, and this beam scanning scope all will be wider than the existing design before; through loading artifical electromagnetic structure, under the condition that does not influence or improve beam scanning scope, make the utility model discloses maximum gain in whole frequency channel reaches 12.47dBi, compares in antenna of the same kind, and the gain has obvious promotion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the general structure diagram of the high-gain beam scanning antenna based on the composite right-left hand transmission line of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the composite left-right hand structural unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite right-left hand transmission line unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a dispersion curve diagram of the composite right-left hand transmission line unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the s11 return loss parameter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the antenna beam scanning in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution provided by the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-2, it is shown that the utility model discloses a structural diagram of high gain beam scanning antenna based on compound right-and-left-handed transmission line, this antenna includes periodic leaky-wave antenna and artificial electromagnetic structure two parts, periodic leaky-wave antenna includes Rogers5880 base plate (1) and sets up first circuit layer and second circuit layer on this base plate both sides respectively, first circuit layer sets up radiation paster (2) and microstrip gradual change feed paster (4) at least, the second circuit layer sets up ground (5) at least, radiation paster (2) and ground are connected by through-hole (3); the artificial electromagnetic structure comprises an FR4 substrate (7) and a metal circular ring array (8) arranged on the substrate;
the beam scanning antenna is also provided with a coaxial feeder (6), and the coaxial feeder (6) is used for feeding the periodic leaky-wave antenna;
the radiating patch (2) is connected with the ground (5) through the through hole (3), the microstrip gradual change feed patch is connected with the radiating patch, and the radiating patch (2), the ground and the through hole (3) form a composite left-right hand transmission line unit.
Referring to fig. 3, which shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a composite right-and-left-handed transmission line element, the radiating patch (2) generates a series left-handed capacitor CLAnd a right flashlight sensor L connected in seriesRThe inductance effect of the through hole (3) is used as a parallel left-hand inductor LLA coupling capacitor is generated between the radiation patch (2) and the ground (5) and is used as a parallel right-hand capacitor CR。
As shown in fig. 3, an equivalent circuit diagram of the composite left-hand and right-hand transmission line structure unit is analyzed, wherein a voltage positive input end is connected in series with a left-hand capacitor, then connected in series with a right-hand inductor, then connected in parallel with a right-hand capacitor, then connected in parallel with a left-hand inductor, then connected in series with a right-hand inductor, and finally connected from a voltage output end.
The technical principle of the present invention is detailed below:
as shown in fig. 3, for a uniform lossless transmission line, the phase constants are:
wherein S (ω) is a sign function:
wherein series and parallel resonant frequencies
The phase constants of the composite right and left handed transmission lines are discussed below in terms of different frequency bins:
when omega > omegaΓ2When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line now exhibits right-handed transmission line characteristics.
When omega < omegaΓ2Time of flight
The composite right-and-left-handed transmission line exhibits a right-handed transmission characteristic at this time.
When ω isΓ1＜ω＜ωΓ2When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line is in a band gap mode, which is a characteristic unique to the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line, and the above are all unbalanced conditions, and one special condition is considered, namely when omega isse＝ωshThis condition is called the equilibrium condition, at which time
It can be seen from the above that, for the composite right-left hand transmission line, because the phase shift constant can be a negative value, the fundamental mode of the composite right-left hand transmission line is located in the fast wave region, and therefore, the energy of the composite right-left hand transmission line working in the fundamental mode state can be leaked out for manufacturing the leaky-wave antenna.
For a microstrip leaky-wave antenna, the change of the frequency of the microstrip leaky-wave antenna causes the change of the propagation constant of the traveling wave, and the change of the propagation constant causes the change of the radiation direction of the wave beam, namely, the wave beam scanning can be realized within a certain range. The angle between the main beam direction and the side-emitting direction, i.e. the radiation angle, is
The radiation angle may be equal to 0 for the composite right-hand and left-hand transmission lines in the balanced state, and the radiation direction is the edge radiation direction, so it is known that the composite right-hand and left-hand transmission lines may realize continuous beam scanning from the backward to the edge radiation direction to the forward direction.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the unit dispersion of a composite right-and-left-handed transmission line, and it is known from the electromagnetic field theory that a plane wave appears as a slow wave when its phase velocity is smaller than the speed of light in air, and as a fast wave when its phase velocity is larger than the speed of light in air. The diagonal lines in the graph represent air lines to determine the fast wave region and the slow wave region, and it can be seen that the left phase shift constant of the air line is smaller than the free space wavenumber to be the fast wave region, and the right phase shift constant of the air line is larger than the free space wavenumber to be the slow wave region, and the expression is:
wherein is C0Speed of light, omega, in vacuumPThe frequency of the transmission line element.
From the foregoing analysis, a planar electromagnetic wave appears as a backward wave when propagating in the left-hand transmission line and appears as a forward wave when propagating in the right-hand transmission line. For the transmission line, when the series resonance frequency is equal to the parallel resonance frequency, the transmission line reaches a balanced state, and the plane electromagnetic wave can be continuously transmitted from the left-hand transmission line to the right-hand transmission line in a seamless transition mode.
The utility model discloses among the technical scheme, periodic leaky wave antenna part adopts the Rogers5880 base plate, and dielectric loss is 2.2, and artifical electromagnetism structure part base plate adopts 0.8mmFR-4 dielectric plate, and dielectric loss is 4.4, and in a preferred embodiment, the actual volume of the antenna of preparing is 171.7 x 30 x 2mm3, because of adopt by radiation paster, through-hole and ground the compound left and right hands constitutional unit that constitutes, make its simple structure, easily processing, the biggest gain in the whole frequency channel unitThe scanning range can reach-60 degrees- +60 degrees and can be applied to a radar system, and the data can reach 12.47 dB. The specific structural parameters are that the volume of the substrate is 171.7 × 30 × 2mm3, the systematic area is 171.7 × 30mm2, the area of the radiation patch is 14.5 × 13.7mm2, the radius of the through holes is 0.45mm, the distance between every two through holes is 1.5mm, and the distance between the left hand unit and the right hand unit is 0.1 mm; the width of the circular ring is 0.7mm, the distance between every two circular rings is 6mm, the coaxial line feed probe is 0.65mm, the radius of the coaxial line is 2.05mm, and the distance between the two substrates is 33 mm; the equivalent circuit parameters are: l isR＝1.49nH,CL＝1.8pF,LL＝0.48nH,CR＝0.62pF。
In the above parameter design, S11 of the periodic leaky-wave antenna in 4-6Ghz is less than-10 dB, and the return loss S11 parameter diagram is shown in figure 5. The wave velocity scanning curve is shown in figure 6.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The high-gain beam scanning antenna based on the composite left-right-hand transmission line is characterized by comprising a periodic leaky-wave antenna and an artificial electromagnetic structure, wherein the periodic leaky-wave antenna comprises a Rogers5880 substrate (1) and a first circuit layer and a second circuit layer which are arranged on two sides of the substrate respectively, the first circuit layer is at least provided with a radiation patch (2) and a microstrip gradual-change feed patch (4), the second circuit layer is at least provided with a ground (5), and the radiation patch is connected with the ground through a through hole; the artificial electromagnetic structure comprises an FR4 substrate (7) and a metal circular ring array (8) arranged on the substrate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the beam scanning antenna is also provided with a coaxial feeder (6), and the coaxial feeder (6) is used for feeding the periodic leaky-wave antenna;
the radiating patch (2) is connected with the ground (5) through the through hole (3), the microstrip gradual change feed patch (4) is connected with the radiating patch (2), and the radiating patch (2), the ground (5) and the through hole (3) form a composite left-right hand transmission line unit;
in the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line unit, the radiation patch (2) generates a series left-handed capacitor CLAnd a right flashlight sensor L connected in seriesRThe inductance effect of the through hole (3) is used as a parallel left-hand inductance LLCoupling capacitance is generated between the rectangular radiation patch (2) and the ground (5) and is used as a parallel right-hand capacitor CR。
2. The composite right-left-hand transmission line-based high-gain beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the periodic leaky-wave antenna is composed of ten composite right-left-hand transmission line elements.
3. The high-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite right-and-left-handed transmission line according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite right-and-left-handed transmission line unit is composed of a radiating patch, a ground and through holes, and the number of the through holes is 5, and the through holes are plum blossom-shaped.
4. The high-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite right and left hand transmission lines as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the artificial electromagnetic structure is composed of FR4 substrate and metal ring array disposed on the substrate, wherein the number of the metal rings is 108.
5. High gain beam based on composite right and left handed transmission lines according to claim 1 or 2The scanning antenna is characterized in that when the composite left-right hand transmission line structure reaches balance,
6. the high-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite right and left-handed transmission line according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the impedance value of the coaxial feed line (6) is 50 ohms, the outside thereof is insulated with an insulator, and the bottom thereof is closed with a plating head.
7. The composite right and left hand transmission line based high gain beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the periodic leaky wave antenna portion employs a Rogers5880 substrate (1), and the artificial electromagnetic structure portion employs an FR4 substrate (7).
8. The composite right and left hand transmission line based high gain beam scanning antenna of claim 7, wherein the Rogers5880 substrate (1) has a volume of 171.7 x 30 x 2mm3, the FR4 substrate (7) has a volume of 171.7 x 30 x 2mm3, the ground (5) has an area of 171.7 x 30mm2, and the radiation patch (2) has an area of 14.5 x 13.7mm 2; the Rogers5880 substrate was 33mm from the FR4 substrate.
9. The high-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite right and left-handed transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the through holes (3) is 0.45mm, the distance between every two through holes is 1.5mm, the radius of the feeding probe of the coaxial feeder (6) is 0.65mm, the radius of the coaxial feeder (6) is 2.05mm, and the distance between the composite right and left-handed transmission line units is 0.1 mm.
10. The composite right-left handed transmission line based high gain beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, wherein the series left handed capacitor CL1.8pF, said series right-hand inductor LR1.49nH, the left-hand inductance LL0.48nH, thenThe parallel right-hand capacitor CR＝0.62pF。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921824888.5U CN210723344U (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2019-10-28 | High-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite left-right-hand transmission line |
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| CN201921824888.5U CN210723344U (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2019-10-28 | High-gain beam scanning antenna based on composite left-right-hand transmission line |
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