CN210684594U - Bank slope structure using compost soil for simulation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an use compost soil to carry out bank slope structure of simulation, by supreme metalling, bank slope original state soil layer, compost soil and bank slope original state soil and biological carbon grained layer, the compost soil layer of including in proper order down, wherein bank slope original state soil layer is located the metalling, and thickness is 50cm, and compost soil is 30-50cm with bank slope original state soil and biological carbon grained layer thickness, and the compost soil layer thickness is 20-30 cm. The utility model discloses use bank slope ecological soil can provide microorganism and nutrient for bank slope habitat, can strengthen the soil gas permeability again simultaneously, firm bank slope structure, domatic runoff purifies the soil water, reduces the pollution that eutrophication leads to water and soil.

Description

Bank slope structure using compost soil for simulation

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a technical field is administered to soil, specifically is an use bank slope structure that compost soil carries out simulation.

Background

The river and lake bank slope soil is a place where microbes such as bacteria and fungi are gathered, the microbes play an important role in embodying soil functions, are sensitive to changes of nutrient substances in the soil and environmental factors such as water, heat and the like, particularly are in water-land junction in a river bank zone, reflect the changes of the functions of soil and water ecosystem, form a balanced ecosystem with the soil in the river bank zone, and provide living environment for vegetation and organisms in the river bank zone.

With the rapid development of urbanization, the soil environment is significantly influenced by the rapid change of the urban land utilization mode. The heavy metal pollution of the town soil mainly relates to four heavy metal elements of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg). With the high population concentration in cities and towns and the daily life and production of human beings, a large amount of nutrient elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and the like enter the urban ecosystem. In recent years, pollution of urban soil biogenic elements (such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like) has become one of urban pollution sources, and most urban soil has high phosphorus content. Meanwhile, the content of persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like in urban soil is higher near the green land and the industrial area of the garden in the residential area, and the persistent organic pollutants tend to gradually decrease from the central urban area to the suburban area. Antibiotics are a novel pollutant in ecological environment, can induce microorganisms in soil ecological environment to generate drug resistance, and pose great potential threat to ecological environment and human health.

The river and lake bank slope soil environment is closely connected with the town soil environment. On the one hand, the bank slope soil is continuously polluted by solid wastes produced in urban life and environment. On the other hand, under the long-term soaking and scouring of the water bodies of rivers and lakes, the slope runoff of the riparian zone and substances carried by the slope runoff have great influence on the eutrophication of the water bodies of the rivers and lakes. The bank slope runoff entraps a large amount of substances and silt to enter a water body, non-point source pollution of the bank slope runoff causes river and lake siltation, and a large amount of nutrient salt is input, so that an original ecological system of the river and lake is damaged, and water quality is seriously polluted.

At present, the river and lake bank slope soil is mainly undisturbed soil of the bank slope or waste slag of local buildings. When the bank slope is reinforced, part of the bank slope soil is supplemented by adopting a mode of wrapping horticultural soil and adding fertilizer by a non-woven bag, and the use of the fertilizer is easy to cause pollution to water bodies of rivers and lakes.

The method is characterized in that the test area bank slope soil is detected, the soil contains part of coarse bone substances larger than 2mm, and the coarse bone substances mainly comprise a small amount of natural stone fragments, a large amount of artificially synthesized substances such as concrete, bricks and the like. The gaps between the coarse bone substances and soil particles are large, the sand content in the soil is more than 85%, the water permeability is high, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is poor, and the soil temperature changes violently. The rapid loss of soil moisture increases the threat of soil pollution to underground water.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The above-mentioned not enough to prior art exists, the utility model provides an use compost soil to carry out bank slope structure of simulating, it can provide microorganism and nutrient for bank slope habitat, can strengthen the soil gas permeability again simultaneously, firm bank slope structure, and domatic runoff purifies the soil water, reduces the pollution that eutrophication leads to water and soil.

A bank slope structure using compost soil for simulation sequentially comprises a gravel layer, a bank slope undisturbed soil layer, the compost soil, bank slope undisturbed soil, a biological carbon granular layer and a compost soil layer from bottom to top, wherein the bank slope undisturbed soil layer is positioned on the gravel layer and is 50cm thick, the thicknesses of the compost soil, the bank slope undisturbed soil and the biological carbon granular layer are 30-50cm thick, and the thickness of the compost soil layer is 20-30cm thick.

Furthermore, the particle size of the compost soil layer, the compost soil, the undisturbed soil of the bank slope and the compost soil in the biological carbon particle layer is 1-2 microns.

Furthermore, the compost soil layer, the compost soil, the undisturbed soil of the bank slope and the compost soil in the biological carbon particle layer are prepared by mixing kitchen waste and crop products which do not contain grease and salinity with mushroom sticks after composting treatment and biological carbon particles.

The utility model discloses the kitchen wastes and the crops product that will not contain grease and salinity, with mushroom fungus stick mix with biological carbon particle after composting treatment, simulate bank slope soil granular structure of 1-2 microns after further smashing, the preparation of the ecological soil of bank slope can meticulously restore the structure of bank slope original state soil, be favorable to the growth of bank slope vegetation and the recovery of bank slope soil and water biological diversity, improve the bank slope simultaneously to the purification degradation ability of rain sewage; because the selected material does not contain grease and salt, the grease and salt of the food waste can be prevented from influencing the growth of microorganisms during composting, and the grease and salt can be prevented from wrapping the river and lake water body by rainwater; the waste mushroom sticks are used for microbial fermentation of the mixture during compost preparation, and are used for further improving the microbial biomass and community structure of soil when granular soil with the particle size of 1-2 microns is prepared and used on a bank slope; the biochar is used for increasing the air permeability of mixed raw materials during composting preparation, eliminating the odor of compost bodies, filtering rain and sewage impurities and purifying water bodies in ecological soil on bank slopes, and mixing crop products and mushroom sticks after composting treatment with biochar particles, so that the microbial biomass of compost soil and the pollutant purification and degradation capacity can be improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the process of preparing compost soil according to the present invention.

The reference numerals in fig. 1 are as follows: 1-a crushed stone layer; 2-a bank slope undisturbed soil layer; 3, composting soil, undisturbed soil of a bank slope and a biological carbon granular layer; and 4, composting the soil layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to fig. 1, the utility model discloses use the bank slope structure that compost soil carries out simulation includes metalling 1, bank slope original state soil layer 2, compost soil and bank slope original state soil and biological carbon grained layer 3, compost soil layer 4 from lower supreme in proper order, wherein slope original state soil layer 2 is located metalling 1, and thickness is 50cm, and compost soil and bank slope original state soil and biological carbon grained layer 3 thickness are 30-50cm, and compost soil layer 4 thickness is 20-30cm, and compost soil layer 4 and the compost soil particle diameter in compost soil and bank slope original state soil and the biological carbon grained layer 3 are 1-2 microns.

The preparation method of the compost soil layer 4, the compost soil, the undisturbed soil of the bank slope and the compost soil in the biological carbon granular layer 3 is as follows (as shown in figure 2):

(1) the fruits can be produced in summer, and the fruits can be rotten fruits and fruit peels (such as watermelon, apple, pear and the like), vegetable leaves, corn cobs, fallen leaves, straws, eggshells, tea leaves and coffee grounds by the following ratio of 20%: 15%: 15%: 15%: 15%: 10%: 10 percent of the mixture is mixed, and the mixture after high-temperature dehydration and sterilization is mixed with the waste mushroom sticks after high-temperature sterilization, wherein the ratio of the mixture to the waste mushroom sticks is 65 percent: 35 percent of the mixture is mixed and crushed into mixture particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm. In other seasons, the proportion of the corn cobs and the straws can be properly increased; the embodiment of the utility model provides a mainly adopt kitchen wastes material and crops product that do not contain grease and salinity because grease and salinity can influence the growth of microorganism in the fermentation. Wherein the rotten melon and fruit peel are prepared according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and the tea leaves and the coffee grounds are prepared according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.

Rotten melons and fruits, peels, vegetable leaves, corn cobs, eggshells, tea leaves and coffee grounds contain high nitrogen content and are food of bacteria, carbon content of fallen leaves and straws is high and is food of fungi, and waste mushroom sticks belong to fungi, so that the rotten melons and fruits, the peels, the vegetable leaves, the corn cobs, the eggshells, the tea leaves and the coffee grounds form ecological raw materials for quick and effective composting.

(2) In a container, laying the mixture particles and a small amount of biological carbon particles in layers, wherein the bottom layer is 1.5cm of biological carbon particles, the middle layer is 9cm of mixture particles, and the upper layer is 1-1.5cm of biological carbon particles; the preparation method of the biological carbon particles comprises the following steps: corn cobs and straws are used according to the mass percentage of 70%: mixing 30 percent of the raw materials, pyrolyzing the raw materials at the high temperature of 500 ℃, and crushing the raw materials into biochar particles with the particle size of 0.5-0.8 mm;

(3) in summer, the temperature is high, the container is subjected to semi-ventilation fermentation for 24 hours at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ and then is cooled to the normal temperature, and the cooling process is carried out for 45-60 minutes. In other seasons, the temperature of the container needs to be increased and is preferably controlled at 80 ℃;

(4) after fermentation is completed, fully stirring and mixing all objects in the container to obtain compost ecological soil;

(5) the composted ecological soil is further crushed into granular structures of 2 microns.

The three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning the collected bank slope soil particle shapes, and the soil structure shapes comprise sheet-shaped, prismatic, columnar, angle block-shaped, granular structures and the like. The granular structure is a structure soil type suitable for plant growth, coordinates contradictions between soil moisture and air, and can adjust soil temperature, improve soil and improve plant root growth conditions. Therefore, texture and structure of the bank slope soil are simulated, rotten melons and fruits, fruit peels, vegetable leaves, corn cobs, fallen leaves, straws, eggshells, tea leaves, coffee grounds and compost soil prepared from waste mushroom sticks and biological carbon particles are further crushed, and the shape of the soil is converted into a granular structure of about 2 microns, so that the bank slope soil is truly reproduced; the waste mushroom sticks are mainly used for microbial fermentation of a mixture during composting of rotten melons and fruits, peels, vegetable leaves, corn cobs, fallen leaves, straws, eggshells and tea leaves, and microbial community structure of the bank slope soil is further adjusted when the mixture is prepared into granular soil of 2 microns and used for a bank slope.

The biochar particles are mainly used for increasing the air permeability of mixed raw materials and eliminating the odor of fermentation during composting when rotten melons and fruits, fruit peels, vegetable leaves, corn cobs, fallen leaves, straws, eggshells, tea leaves, coffee grounds and waste mushroom sticks are used for preparing the compost; in addition, when the biological carbon is used for the soil of the bank slope, the biological carbon can be used for adsorbing part of rain and sewage mixture, purifying the seepage water body of the bank slope and avoiding the pollution of the water bodies of rivers and lakes; the crop products and the mushroom sticks are mixed with the biological carbon particles after being composted, so that the microbial biomass of the composted soil and the capability of purifying and degrading pollutants can be improved.

Food waste with heavy oil stain content, human and animal excrement and river and lake bottom mud are not selected from the compost materials, so that secondary pollution to water and soil caused by untreated materials is avoided.

Use the utility model discloses a when compost soil carries out simulation bank slope soil structure, concrete step is:

as shown in fig. 1, after the composted soil is further crushed into a granular structure of about 2 microns, the bank slope soil structure follows the bottom crushed stone, the bottom soil is original bank slope soil, the top soil is used for mixing the composted soil with the original soil and biological carbon particles, and the humus layer is completely made of the composted soil, so that the structural composition of the soil is simulated, the composted soil is more nutrient, the biological carbon particles increase the soil permeability, and rain and dirt impurities are filtered.

The method is characterized in that the bank slope soil of a test area is detected, before implementation, the soil contains part of coarse bone substances larger than 2mm, and the coarse bone substances mainly comprise a small amount of natural stone fragments, a large amount of artificially synthesized substances such as concrete, bricks and the like. The gaps between the coarse bone substances and soil particles are large, the sand content in the soil is more than 85%, the water permeability is high, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is poor, and the soil temperature changes violently. The rapid loss of soil moisture increases the threat of soil pollution to underground water. The test area bank slope soil test shows that the total phosphorus content in the soil surface soil is 0.03 percent, and the average value is slightly higher. The lake sediment sample is detected, the C/N ratio is 12-20, the organic matter source of sediment is mainly the exogenous pollution, mainly the input of eutrophic salt and also the main source of water eutrophication.

After the ecological soil of the bank slope is implemented for 1 month, the soil of the bank slope in a test area is detected, the grain size of a humus layer of the soil is about 2 microns of nutrient soil, the surface soil is mixed soil with the grain size of about 2 microns to 0.5mm, and the bottom soil is undisturbed soil. The porosity of the soil is balanced, the air permeability and the water permeability are improved, and the ratio of sand grains to clay grains in the soil is 60%: 40 percent, the soil is transformed into loam, and the soil structure is improved. After 6 months, the vegetation on the bank slope grows well, the structure of the bank slope is stable, the air and water permeable, water and fertilizer retention performance of loam is good, the temperature change of soil is small, the habitat is gradually restored, and the ecological soil provides good microorganisms and nutrients for the habitat of the bank slope. After 8 months, detecting that the total phosphorus content in the soil on the surface layer of the soil is 0.10 percent, the C/N ratio of the sediment is 9/9.5, gradually restoring the soil condition and relieving the water eutrophication.

The above description is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are all covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides an use bank slope structure of compost soil to carry out simulation which characterized in that: the soil composting device sequentially comprises a gravel layer (1), a bank slope original state soil layer (2), composting soil, bank slope original state soil and biological carbon particle layer (3) and a composting soil layer (4) from bottom to top, wherein the bank slope original state soil layer (2) is located on the gravel layer (1) and is 50cm thick, the composting soil, the bank slope original state soil and biological carbon particle layer (3) is 30-50cm thick, and the composting soil layer (4) is 20-30cm thick.

2. A bank slope structure simulated using compost soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the compost soil layer (4), the compost soil, the undisturbed soil of the bank slope and the compost soil in the biological carbon particle layer (3) is 1-2 microns.

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