CN210662921U - Biomass fuel boiler - Google Patents
Biomass fuel boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN210662921U CN210662921U CN201921619772.8U CN201921619772U CN210662921U CN 210662921 U CN210662921 U CN 210662921U CN 201921619772 U CN201921619772 U CN 201921619772U CN 210662921 U CN210662921 U CN 210662921U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a biomass fuel boiler, biomass fuel boiler includes the boiler body, set up air intake and exhaust port on the boiler body, a gas supply unit for letting in air to the air intake, the flue gas passageway that the flue gas that produces after being used for placing and burning biomass fuel that sets gradually along the direction of air intake to exhaust port and being used for biomass fuel burning, locate being used for in the flue gas passageway and absorbing the thermal endothermic unit of flue gas, locate the detecting element who is arranged in detecting the CO content in the exhaust flue gas of exhaust port department, the CO content setting value has been preset in the detecting element. The utility model discloses a biomass fuel boiler, pioneering sets up CO content detecting element in smoke vent department, through the CO content of measuring the exhaust flue gas, comes the required air supply volume of effectual definite biomass fuel burning, has avoided the air supply improper and a great deal of problem that causes, combustion efficiency height and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a biological energy technical field, concretely relates to biomass fuel boiler.
Background
The biomass energy is the most common renewable energy on the earth, has large quantity and wide range and great development and utilization potential, and has the characteristics of environmental friendliness and regeneration when used as boiler fuel according to the biomass resource conditions of China, and the research on the boiler biomass combustion technology and the development of the biomass fuel boiler have positive significance for saving conventional energy, optimizing the energy structure of China and reducing environmental pollution.
However, because the biomass fuel has low density, a loose structure and high volatile content, the thermal decomposition starts at 250 ℃, and 80% of volatile can be separated out at 350 ℃, so that the separation time of the volatile is short, and serious consequences can be caused if the air is not supplied properly. If the air supply is excessive, excessive cold air enters the boiler to absorb heat generated by combustion, the combustion temperature is reduced, the concentration of combustible gas is reduced, the chemical reaction is slowed down, and simultaneously, the excessive air can carry a large amount of heat to be discharged out of the boiler along with flue gas, so that the heat loss of the boiler is increased, and the total efficiency of the boiler is reduced; if the air supply is too little, or the air is blocked and the distribution is poor, the combustible gas can escape without being combusted, and a large amount of toxic CO and smoke-discharging blackness carbon black particles are generated in the escape process, so that on one hand, the combustion efficiency of the boiler fuel is reduced, and therefore, the total efficiency of the boiler is reduced, and on the other hand, the environmental protection indexes in the boiler discharging smoke gas are as follows: the CO index, the blackness index, the particulate matter index and the like can not reach the standard, and environmental pollution is caused.
Currently, in order to effectively control the air supply to the biomass fuel, two methods are generally employed. 1) Flame observation method: according to the method, when a boiler is designed, an air door is arranged according to the theoretical oxygen demand of fuel, and when the operation is adjusted, an experienced boiler operator manually corrects the opening of the air door according to the observed combustion flame condition so as to adjust the air supply rate. However, the method depends on the experience of operators and human factors such as operational responsibility and has poor controllability. 2) Oxygen amount control method: in the method, a zirconia oxygen quantity measuring instrument is generally arranged in the middle area (needing proper flue gas temperature) of a convection heat absorption surface of the boiler, and the air supply quantity of the boiler is automatically adjusted according to the oxygen content (the excess oxygen ratio in the flue gas after combustion) of the flue gas measured by the oxygen quantity measuring instrument during operation. Although the method can make the air supply amount have an objective basis, the flue gas channel of the boiler consists of the furnace wall, so that part of cold air inevitably enters the flue gas channel from the gap of the furnace wall to cause the deviation of the oxygen content measurement of the flue gas; meanwhile, the water content of biomass fuels with different properties is different, the particle size of the biomass fuels is different, the oxygen content of the flue gas (the excess oxygen ratio in the flue gas after combustion) set according to the experience originally becomes inaccurate, and more biomass fuels (the fuel cannot be completely combusted) or less biomass fuels (the fuel can be completely combusted by less air) are possibly needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at overcoming prior art's not enough, provide a biomass fuel boiler, this boiler pioneering nature sets up CO content detecting element in smoke vent department, through the CO content of measuring the exhaust flue gas, comes the required air supply volume of effectual definite biomass fuel burning, has avoided air supply improper and a great deal of problem that causes, combustion efficiency height and environmental protection.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
a biomass fuel boiler comprises a boiler body, an air inlet and an exhaust port which are arranged on the boiler body, an air supply unit used for introducing air into the air inlet, a combustion unit which is arranged in sequence along the direction from the air inlet to the exhaust port and used for placing and combusting biomass fuel, a flue gas channel used for flue gas generated after the biomass fuel is combusted to flow, a heat absorption unit which is arranged in the flue gas channel and used for absorbing the heat of the flue gas, and a detection unit which is arranged at the exhaust port and used for detecting the CO content in the exhausted flue gas, wherein a CO content set value is preset in the detection unit,
when the detection unit detects that the content of CO in the flue gas is smaller than the set value, the air supply unit reduces the air supply amount, if the content of CO in the flue gas is not obviously changed, the air supply amount is continuously reduced, and the reduction of the air supply amount is stopped until the content of CO in the flue gas has a great rising trend;
when the detection unit detects that the content of CO in the flue gas is larger than the set value, the air supply unit increases the air supply amount, if the content of CO in the flue gas has a great descending trend, the air supply amount is continuously increased until the descending amplitude of the content of CO in the flue gas tends to be flat, and the air supply amount is stopped increasing.
Preferably, the biomass fuel boiler further comprises a control system, and the control system is used for receiving the CO content detection signal sent by the detection unit and controlling the air supply unit to increase or decrease the air supply quantity.
Preferably, the air supply unit is a fan.
Preferably, the air inlet includes a first air inlet and a second air inlet, the first air inlet is arranged on the boiler body on one side of the combustion unit far away from the flue gas channel, and the second air inlet is arranged on the boiler body between the combustion unit and the flue gas channel.
Preferably, the flue gas channel is enclosed by a furnace wall.
Preferably, the heat absorption unit comprises a first heat absorption unit and a second heat absorption unit which are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the smoke channel.
Further preferably, the first heat absorption unit is a radiation heat absorption surface attached to the inner wall of the flue gas channel.
Further preferably, the second heat absorption unit is a convection heat absorption surface arranged in the flue gas channel.
Preferably, the biomass fuel boiler further comprises a feed inlet which is arranged on the boiler body and is positioned above the combustion unit and used for adding the biomass fuel.
Because of above-mentioned technical scheme's application, compared with the prior art, the utility model have the following advantage: the utility model discloses a biomass fuel boiler, pioneering sets up CO content detecting element in smoke vent department, through the CO content of measuring the exhaust flue gas, comes the required air supply volume of effectual definite biomass fuel burning, has avoided the air supply improper and a great deal of problem that causes, combustion efficiency height and environmental protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a boiler body; 2. an air inlet; 2a, a first air inlet; 2b, a second air inlet; 3. a smoke outlet; 4. a combustion unit; 5. a flue gas channel; 5a, a furnace wall; 6. a heat absorbing unit; 6a, a first heat absorption unit; 6b, a second heat absorption unit; 7. a detection unit; 8. and (4) feeding a material inlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the biomass fuel boiler comprises a boiler body 1, an air inlet 2 and an exhaust port 3 which are arranged on the boiler body 1, an air supply unit (not shown) for introducing air into the air inlet 2, a combustion unit 4 which is arranged in sequence along the direction from the air inlet 2 to the exhaust port 3 and used for placing and combusting biomass fuel, a flue gas channel 5 for flue gas flowing generated after the biomass fuel is combusted, a heat absorption unit 6 which is arranged in the flue gas channel 5 and used for absorbing heat of the flue gas, and a detection unit 7 which is arranged at the exhaust port 3 and used for detecting the content of CO in the exhausted flue gas, wherein a set value of the content of CO is preset in the detection unit 7. Here, CO is carbon monoxide, and the combustion unit 4 is combustion equipment in the prior art, such as a water-cooled vibrating grate, a chain grate, etc.; the flue gas channel 5 is a channel for flue gas to flow, which is formed by enclosing a boiler wall 5a of the boiler; the detection unit 7 is a gas detector, and is a prior art, and the detailed structure is not repeated. The set value of the CO content is 50% -80% of the national emission standard value, and the emission standard values of all regions are different, so that the set value of the CO content is set according to the emission standard values of different regions.
When the detection unit 7 detects that the CO content in the flue gas is less than the set value, it is possible that an excessive supply of air results affecting the normal chemical reaction of the fuel. At this time, the air supply unit tries to reduce the air supply amount properly, after the air supply amount is reduced, if the CO content in the flue gas is not obviously changed, the air supply amount is still more than the air amount required by the fuel combustion, at this time, the air supply amount is continuously reduced, and when the CO content in the flue gas has a great rising trend, the air supply amount is stopped being reduced. The CO content in the flue gas can have a trend of greatly rising, which shows that the air supply amount can adapt to the combustion of the fuel at the moment, and the negative influence on the combustion of the fuel is avoided. The air supply quantity at the turning point of which the CO content is not obviously changed to greatly rise is the reasonable air supply quantity for fuel combustion.
When the detection unit 7 detects that the CO content in the flue gas is greater than the set value, there is a possibility that the air supply is too low and the fuel combustion is incomplete. At the moment, the air supply unit increases the air supply amount, and after the air supply amount is increased, if the CO content in the flue gas has a great reduction trend, the increased air supply amount can help the fuel to be more completely combusted, at the moment, the air supply amount is continuously increased, and when the reduction amplitude of the CO content in the flue gas tends to be flat, the increase of the air supply amount is stopped. The reduction amplitude of the CO content in the flue gas tends to be flat, which indicates that the fuel can be completely combusted at the moment, and the increased air supply amount cannot enable the fuel to be more completely combusted. The air supply quantity at the turning point where the CO content reduction amplitude tends to be flat is the reasonable air supply quantity for fuel combustion.
The biomass fuel boiler further comprises a control system (not shown in the figure), wherein the control system is a computer program system for receiving the CO content detection signal sent by the detection unit 7 and controlling the air supply unit to increase or decrease the air supply quantity. In this embodiment, the control system is further configured to calculate a linear relationship between the CO content in the discharged flue gas and the air supply amount, and determine the reasonable air supply amount by determining a slope of the linear relationship between the CO content and the air supply amount. Specifically, when the CO content is greater than a set value, the air supply amount is increased, the linear relation between the air supply amount and the CO content is gradually changed from gentle to steep, and when the slope is no longer a value close to zero, the air supply amount at the moment can adapt to the combustion of the fuel and does not have negative influence on the combustion of the fuel, and the air supply amount at the moment is a reasonable air supply amount; when the CO content is less than the set value, the air supply amount is reduced, the linear relation between the air supply amount and the CO content becomes gentle from steep, when the slope gradually approaches zero, the fuel can be completely combusted, the CO content is not reduced along with the increase of the air supply amount, and the air supply amount at the moment is the reasonable air supply amount. Here, the inflection point of the linear relationship between the CO content and the air supply amount is calculated by the control system, and the inflection point is different for different types and properties of biomass fuels. The air supply unit is a fan, a baffle is additionally arranged in front of the fan, and the shielding area of the baffle is changed to increase or reduce the air supply amount; or the air supply amount is increased or decreased by changing the rotation speed of the fan.
The utility model discloses pioneering nature sets up CO content detecting element 7 in exhaust port 3 department, through the CO content of measuring the exhaust flue gas, comes the required air supply volume of effectual definite biomass fuel burning, has avoided the air supply improper and a great deal of problem that causes, and combustion efficiency is high and the environmental protection. The utility model discloses to the control of air supply volume, the amount of wind that needs of agreeing with the biomass fuel burning that can be very ideal can get rid of air in prior art moreover and through the boiler brickwork 5a inward leakage, the fuel nature changes and the fuel complete combustion that arouses takes place the interference that changes to excessive oxygen demand. Specifically, 1) the content of CO in the flue gas at the tail smoke outlet 3 is only slightly reduced due to the change of inward leakage of air through the boiler wall 5a of the boiler, but the judgment of the inflection point of the change of the content of CO in the flue gas at the tail smoke outlet 3 by the control system is not influenced. 2) The change of the demand of the fuel for excessive oxygen due to the change of the fuel property can reflect the index of the oxygen content of the flue gas on the premise of complete combustion of the fuel, the index can change, but the index of the content of CO in the flue gas at the tail smoke outlet 3 is still a direct index for representing whether the biomass fuel is completely combusted.
In this embodiment, the air inlet 2 includes a first air inlet 2a and a second air inlet 2b, the first air inlet 2a is opened on the boiler body of the combustion unit 4 far away from the flue gas channel 5, and the second air inlet 2b is opened on the boiler body 1 between the combustion unit 4 and the flue gas channel 5. Here, the first air inlet 2a is used for introducing air for the first time, and making the air pass through the combustion unit 4 upwards, and perform mixed combustion with the biomass fuel on the combustion unit 4, the flue gas generated in the combustion process flows upwards, and a large amount of pyrolysis volatile components are contained in the flue gas, at this time, the air is introduced from the second air inlet 2b for the second time, and is further mixed with the rising flue gas for oxidation combustion, and the combustion efficiency is improved.
The heat absorption unit 6 comprises a first heat absorption unit 6a and a second heat absorption unit 6b which are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the flue gas channel 5. The first heat absorption unit 6a is a radiation heat absorption surface attached to the inner wall of the flue gas channel 5, and the second heat absorption unit 6b is a convection heat absorption surface arranged in the flue gas channel 5. Here, the radiation heat absorption surface is used for absorbing the heat radiation of the high-temperature flue gas so as to realize the heat absorption, and the convection heat absorption surface is used for contacting with the flue gas so as to exchange heat so as to realize the heat absorption. The high-temperature flue gas flows along the flue gas channel 5, and is subjected to heat absorption by the radiation heat absorption surface and the convection heat absorption surface in sequence to become low-temperature flue gas which is discharged from the smoke discharge port.
In this embodiment, the biomass fuel boiler further comprises a feed inlet 8 opened on the boiler body 1 and located above the combustion unit 4 for adding biomass fuel.
The following specifically explains the working process of this embodiment: when the biomass fuel combustion furnace starts working, the biomass fuel is added from the feeding hole 8, the biomass fuel is uniformly distributed on the combustion unit 4, then air is introduced from the first air inlet 2a for the first time, the air upwards passes through the combustion unit 4 and is subjected to mixed combustion with the biomass fuel positioned on the combustion unit 4, smoke generated in the combustion process flows upwards, a large amount of pyrolysis volatile components are contained in the smoke, and at the moment, the air is introduced from the second air inlet 2b for the second time and is further mixed with the rising smoke for oxidation combustion.
The high-temperature flue gas after burning flows along the flue gas channel 5, and becomes low-temperature flue gas after passing through the heat absorption of the first heat absorption unit 6a and the second heat absorption unit 6b in sequence, and reaches the smoke outlet, and the detection unit detects the CO content in the flue gas automatically at this moment.
When the detecting unit 7 detects that the content of CO in the flue gas is smaller than a set value, the air supply unit tries to reduce the air supply amount properly, after the air supply amount is reduced, if the change of the content of CO in the flue gas is not obvious, the air supply amount is continuously reduced, and the reduction of the air supply amount is stopped until the content of CO in the flue gas has a great rising trend. The air supply amount at the turning point where the CO content does not change significantly to rise greatly is a reasonable air supply amount for fuel combustion, and thereafter air is supplied in accordance with the reasonable air supply amount.
When the detecting unit 7 detects that the content of CO in the flue gas is larger than a set value, the air supply unit increases the air supply amount, and after the air supply amount is increased, if the content of CO in the flue gas has a great reduction trend, the air supply amount is continuously increased until the reduction amplitude of the content of CO in the flue gas tends to be flat, and the increase of the air supply amount is stopped. The air supply amount at the turning point where the CO content decrease amplitude tends to be gentle is a reasonable air supply amount for fuel combustion, and thereafter, air is supplied in accordance with the reasonable air supply amount.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention can not be limited thereby, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A biomass fuel boiler is characterized in that: the biomass fuel boiler comprises a boiler body (1), an air inlet (2) and an exhaust port (3) which are arranged on the boiler body (1), an air supply unit for introducing air into the air inlet (2), a combustion unit (4) which is used for placing and combusting biomass fuel and is sequentially arranged along the direction from the air inlet (2) to the exhaust port (3), a flue gas channel (5) for flowing flue gas generated after the biomass fuel is combusted, an heat absorption unit (6) which is arranged in the flue gas channel (5) and used for absorbing heat of the flue gas, and a detection unit (7) which is arranged at the exhaust port (3) and used for detecting the content of CO in the exhausted flue gas, wherein a CO content set value is preset in the detection unit (7),
when the detecting unit (7) detects that the content of CO in the flue gas is smaller than the set value, the air supply unit reduces the air supply amount, if the content of CO in the flue gas is not obviously changed, the air supply amount is continuously reduced, and the reduction of the air supply amount is stopped until the content of CO in the flue gas has a great rising trend;
when the detecting unit (7) detects that the content of CO in the flue gas is larger than the set value, the air supply unit increases the air supply amount, if the content of CO in the flue gas has a great descending trend, the air supply amount is continuously increased until the descending amplitude of the content of CO in the flue gas tends to be flat, and the air supply amount is stopped increasing.
2. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biomass fuel boiler also comprises a control system, and the control system is used for receiving the CO content detection signal sent by the detection unit (7) and controlling the air supply unit to increase or decrease the air supply quantity.
3. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air supply unit is a fan.
4. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: air intake (2) include first air intake (2 a) and second air intake (2 b), first air intake (2 a) are seted up in combustion unit (4) are kept away from flue gas passageway (5) one side on the boiler body, second air intake (2 b) are seted up in combustion unit (4) with between flue gas passageway (5) on boiler body (1).
5. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flue gas channel (5) is formed by enclosing a furnace wall (5 a).
6. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat absorption unit (6) comprises a first heat absorption unit (6 a) and a second heat absorption unit (6 b) which are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the smoke channel (5).
7. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first heat absorption unit (6 a) is a radiation heat absorption surface attached to the inner wall of the flue gas channel (5).
8. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that: the second heat absorption unit (6 b) is a convection heat absorption surface arranged in the smoke channel (5).
9. A biomass fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biomass fuel boiler also comprises a feed inlet (8) which is arranged on the boiler body (1) and is positioned above the combustion unit (4) and used for adding the biomass fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921619772.8U CN210662921U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Biomass fuel boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921619772.8U CN210662921U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Biomass fuel boiler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210662921U true CN210662921U (en) | 2020-06-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921619772.8U Active CN210662921U (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | Biomass fuel boiler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN210662921U (en) |
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2019
- 2019-09-26 CN CN201921619772.8U patent/CN210662921U/en active Active
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Address after: 215635 No.139 Gangfeng Road, Yangzijiang International Chemical Industrial Park, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province (Jiangnan boiler) Patentee after: Jiangsu Jiangguo Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215635 No.139 Gangfeng Road, Yangzijiang International Chemical Industrial Park, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province (Jiangnan boiler) Patentee before: Jiangnan Boilers & Pressure Vessels (Zhangjiagang) Co.,Ltd. |