CN210647949U - Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact - Google Patents

Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN210647949U
CN210647949U CN201920829195.9U CN201920829195U CN210647949U CN 210647949 U CN210647949 U CN 210647949U CN 201920829195 U CN201920829195 U CN 201920829195U CN 210647949 U CN210647949 U CN 210647949U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
base
bearing
gear
clamped
top end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201920829195.9U
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
不公告发明人
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xinyushihe Fire Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xinyushihe Fire Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xinyushihe Fire Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Xinyushihe Fire Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201920829195.9U priority Critical patent/CN210647949U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN210647949U publication Critical patent/CN210647949U/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic stamping device of ejection of compact, which comprises a base, the stand has all been welded to the bottom left and right sides of base, the inner chamber left and right sides symmetry joint of base has the fixed plate, the outer wall central point of fixed plate puts and runs through the bearing and installs first round bar, the inner ring and the first round bar interference fit of bearing, and the outer loop of bearing and the inner wall fixed connection of fixed plate, first gear is all installed to the left and right sides of first round bar, the top central point of base puts and is provided with the die holder, first spout has all been seted up to the top left and right sides of die holder. This automatic discharging's stamping device has the automatic discharging function, need not the artifical ejection of compact of taking, also need not to use external equipment to carry out the ejection of compact, greatly reduced use cost, labour saving and time saving has improved work efficiency and security, uses in a flexible way, and the practicality is strong, satisfies the user demand in current market.

Description

Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a stamping equipment technical field specifically is an automatic stamping device of ejection of compact.
Background
The stamping die is in cold stateStamping processIn the above, a special process equipment for working materials (metal or non-metal) into parts (or semi-finished products), called cold stampingMold (commonly known asCold punching die) Stamping is carried out at room temperature by mountingPress machineThe upper die applies pressure to the material to cause it to separate orPlastic deformationTo thereby obtain a desired partPressure workingAccording to the method, the existing stamping device does not have the automatic discharging function, for example, manual taking and discharging are performed, time and labor are wasted, the labor intensity of workers is increased, the working efficiency is reduced, certain potential safety hazards exist, and the use cost of the stamping device is increased if external equipment is used for discharging, so that the stamping device capable of automatically discharging is provided based on the defects.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an automatic stamping device of ejection of compact to solve the problem that proposes among the above-mentioned background art.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: an automatic discharging stamping device comprises a base, wherein stand columns are welded on the left side and the right side of the bottom end of the base, fixing plates are symmetrically clamped on the left side and the right side of an inner cavity of the base, a first round rod is installed at the center position of the outer wall of each fixing plate in a penetrating mode through a bearing, an inner ring of each bearing is in interference fit with the corresponding first round rod, an outer ring of each bearing is fixedly connected with the inner wall of each fixing plate, first gears are installed on the left side and the right side of each first round rod, a lower die holder is arranged at the center position of the top end of the base, first sliding grooves are formed in the left side and the right side of the top end of each lower die holder, one ends of sliding blocks are embedded in the inner cavities of the first sliding grooves, the other ends of the sliding blocks extend out of the first sliding grooves and are clamped with a push plate, first permanent magnetic blocks are installed at the center, a second permanent magnet matched with the first permanent magnet is installed at the center of the front side of the connecting plate, electromagnets are installed at the left end and the right end of the front side of the connecting plate, a second round rod is installed at the center of the bottom end of an inner cavity of the base through a bearing, an inner ring of the bearing is in interference fit with the base, an outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the second round rod, the top end of the second round rod extends into the inner cavity of the lower die base, a connecting block is in threaded connection with the outer wall of the second round rod, a base is clamped at the top end of the connecting block, a second gear meshed and connected with the first gear is in interference fit with the bottom end of the outer wall of the second round rod, vertical plates are clamped at the left side and the right side of the top end of the base, a connecting seat is clamped at the top end of the inner side of the vertical plates, the bottom central point of baffle puts and installs the punching press head, the spliced pole is all installed through the bearing to the bottom left and right sides of connecting seat, the inner ring and the connecting seat interference fit of bearing, and the outer loop of bearing and the outer wall fixed connection of spliced pole, the bottom of spliced pole extends into the inner chamber of base, the bottom of spliced pole passes through bearing looks erection joint with the inner chamber bottom of base, the equal joint in outer wall left and right sides of spliced pole has the second spout, the inner chamber of second spout is embedded to have the one end of second slider, and the other end of second slider and the inner wall looks joint of baffle, the outer wall interference fit of spliced pole has the third gear that links to each other with first gear engagement.
Preferably, the second sliding groove is shaped like a semi-circular inclined shape.
Preferably, a collecting box is arranged at the front center of the base.
Preferably, the second permanent magnet block and the first permanent magnet block correspond to each other in position with the electromagnet and the iron plate.
Preferably, the connecting block is rectangular in shape.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the automatic discharging stamping device can perform stamping operation through the cooperation between the hydraulic cylinder, the baffle plate and the stamping head and the lower die holder, when the baffle plate moves downwards, the second slide block can slide in the inner cavity of the second slide groove and rotate the second slide block, the second slide groove can drive the third gear to rotate together, the base is enabled to move upwards and push out a stamping forming die through the cooperation between the third gear, the first round rod and the first gear, and finally, the principle that the second permanent magnet block and the first permanent magnet block are mutually exclusive is utilized to enable the push plate to push out the shifted forming die from the top end of the lower die holder, so that the automatic discharging operation is completed, the device has an automatic discharging function, the discharging operation is not required to be manually taken, the discharging operation is not required to be performed by using external equipment, the use cost is greatly reduced, the time and labor are saved, the working efficiency and the safety are improved, and the use is flexible, the practicability is strong, and the use requirements of the existing market are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the first permanent magnet of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at the position A of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the second slider according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the base, 2, the fixed plate, 3, first round bar, 4, first gear, 5, the die holder, 6, first spout, 7, the slider, 8, the push pedal, 9, first permanent-magnet, 10, iron plate, 11, the connecting plate, 12, the second permanent-magnet, 13, the electro-magnet, 14, the second round bar, 15, the connecting block, 16, the base, 17, the second gear, 18, the riser, 19, the connecting seat, 20, the pneumatic cylinder, 21, the baffle, 22, the punching press head, 23, the spliced pole, 24, the second spout, 25, the second slider, 26, the third gear.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: an automatic discharging stamping device comprises a base 1, wherein upright posts are welded on the left side and the right side of the bottom end of the base 1, fixed plates 2 are symmetrically clamped on the left side and the right side of an inner cavity of the base 1, a first round rod 3 is installed at the center position of the outer wall of each fixed plate 2 in a penetrating manner through a bearing, an inner ring of the bearing is in interference fit with the first round rod 3, an outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the inner wall of each fixed plate 2, first gears 4 are installed on the left side and the right side of each first round rod 3, a lower die holder 5 is arranged at the center position of the top end of the base 1, first sliding chutes 6 are formed in the left side and the right side of the top end of the lower die holder 5, one ends of sliding blocks 7 are embedded in the inner cavity of the first sliding chutes 6, push plates 8 are extended out of the other ends of the sliding blocks 7 and clamped with the push plates 8, first permanent magnetic blocks 9, a second permanent magnet 12 matched with the first permanent magnet 9 is arranged at the center of the front side of a connecting plate 11, the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 12 are mutually exclusive, electromagnets 13 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the front side of the connecting plate 11, when the electromagnets 13 are electrified to generate suction force, the iron plate 10 is sucked to drive the push plate 8 to move towards the rear side and be fixed, the suction force generated by the electromagnets 13 is larger than the repulsive force between the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 12, when the electromagnets 13 are powered off, the push plate 8 can move forwards through the repulsive force between the first permanent magnet 9 and the second permanent magnet 12, the push plate 8 moving forwards can push out a stamping forming die, so that automatic discharging processing is completed, a second round rod 14 is arranged at the center of the bottom end of the inner cavity of the base 1 through a bearing, the inner ring of the bearing is in interference fit with the base 1, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the, the top end of the second round rod 14 extends into the inner cavity of the lower die holder 5, the outer wall of the second round rod is in threaded connection with a connecting block 15, the top end of the connecting block 15 is clamped with a base 16, the bottom end of the outer wall of the second round rod 14 is in interference fit with a second gear 17 meshed and connected with the first gear 4, when the first gear 4 rotates, the second gear 17 rotates together, the rotating second gear 17 drives the second round rod 14 to rotate together, due to the threaded connection between the second round rod 14 and the connecting block 15, when the second round rod 14 rotates, the connecting block 15 drives the base 16 to move upwards or downwards together, the left side and the right side of the top end of the base 1 are respectively clamped with a vertical plate 18, the top end of the inner side of the vertical plate 18 is clamped with a connecting seat 19, a hydraulic cylinder 20 is in screwed connection with the top center position of the connecting seat 19, the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 20 extends out of the lower surface of the, the external power supply of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is switched on, the hydraulic cylinder 20 is started, the hydraulic cylinder 20 can drive the punching head 22 to move downwards, so that punching operation is performed, connecting columns 23 are installed on the left side and the right side of the bottom end of the connecting seat 19 through bearings, an inner ring of each bearing is in interference fit with the connecting seat 19, an outer ring of each bearing is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the corresponding connecting column 23, the bottom end of each connecting column 23 extends into the inner cavity of the base 1, the bottom end of each connecting column 23 is connected with the bottom end of the inner cavity of the base 1 through the corresponding bearing, second sliding grooves 24 are clamped on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the corresponding connecting column 23, one end of a second sliding block 25 is embedded in the inner cavity of the corresponding second sliding block 24, the other end of the corresponding second sliding block 25 is clamped with the inner wall of the baffle 21, third gears 26 meshed and connected with the first gears 4 are, and simultaneously the connecting column 23 and the third gear 26 are driven to rotate together clockwise or counterclockwise.
Preferably, the shape of the second sliding slot 24 is semi-circular and inclined, so that the shape of the second sliding slot 24 is defined, and the second sliding block 25 can drive the connecting rod 23 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise when sliding upwards or downwards in the inner cavity of the second sliding slot 24.
As a preferred scheme, furthermore, a collecting box is arranged at the front center of the base 1, and the collecting box can be used for collecting and storing the automatically discharged molds conveniently.
Preferably, the second permanent magnet 12 and the first permanent magnet 9 and the electromagnet 13 and the iron plate 10 are in corresponding positions, so that the positional relationship between the second permanent magnet 12 and the first permanent magnet 9 and the positional relationship between the electromagnet 13 and the iron plate 10 are clarified.
Preferably, the connecting block 15 is rectangular in shape.
The following electric devices have the following types and functions:
hydraulic cylinder 20: model number HSG63, controlled by an external operating system, can cooperate with 22 to perform the stamping operation.
The electrical components mentioned in the scheme are all the prior art, the type of the electrical components is only one of the electrical components, and the electrical components which can achieve the purpose in the scheme can be used.
The detailed connection means is a technique known in the art, and the following mainly describes the working principle and process, and the specific operation is as follows.
When the stamping device is used, an external power supply of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is firstly switched on, the hydraulic cylinder 20 is started, the hydraulic cylinder 20 can drive the baffle plate 21 and the stamping head 22 to move downwards together, the stamping head 22 moving downwards can perform stamping operation, meanwhile, in the process that the baffle plate 21 moves downwards, the second sliding block 25 can slide downwards in the inner cavity of the second sliding groove 24 according to the shape of the second sliding groove 24, as the second sliding groove 24 is in a semi-encircling inclined shape, the connecting column 23 can be driven to rotate clockwise when the second sliding block 25 slides downwards in the inner cavity of the second sliding groove 24, the third gear 26 in interference fit on the outer wall of the second sliding groove can also rotate clockwise together, as the third gear 26 is in meshing connection with the first gear 4, and the first gear 4 is in meshing connection with the second gear 17, the clockwise rotating third gear 26 can drive the first gear 4 and the first round rod 3 on the left part to rotate clockwise together, the first gear 4 can drive the second gear 17 to rotate counterclockwise, meanwhile, the first gear 4 and the first round bar 3 on the right side are positioned on the left side of the third gear 26 and are meshed with the third gear 26, so the clockwise rotating third gear 26 can drive the first gear 4 and the first round bar 3 on the right side to rotate counterclockwise, the first gear 4 rotating counterclockwise on the right side can drive the second gear 17 to rotate counterclockwise, and finally the second gear 17 rotates counterclockwise through the cooperation of the first gears 4 on the left and right sides, because the interference fit is formed between the second gear 17 and the second round bar 14 and the top end of the second round bar 14 is in threaded connection with the connecting block 15, the counterclockwise rotating second gear 17 can drive the second round bar 14 to rotate counterclockwise together, and meanwhile, the connecting block 15 drives the base 16 to move downward together, thereby ensuring that when the punching head 22 performs downward punching operation, the base 16 will also move downwards into the cavity of the lower die holder 5, and after the punching operation is completed, the baffle 21 and the punching head 22 will move upwards, because the steps are operated reversely, the base 16 is driven to move upwards, the base 16 can push the punch forming die out of the inner cavity of the lower die holder 5, when the baffle 21 moves upwards to the topmost end, the switch of the electromagnet 13 is triggered, so that the power is cut off and the suction force is lost, at this time, the mutually exclusive second permanent magnet 12 and the first permanent magnet 9 can drive the push plate 8 to move forwards to push out the punch forming die, thereby completing the automatic discharging, when the shutter 21 is moved downward and separated from the on-off state of the electromagnet 13, the electromagnet 13 is electrified and generates a suction force to suck the iron plate 10, so as to cause the push plate 8 to return to the initial position, the device has the automatic discharging function, greatly improves the working efficiency and the safety, and has strong practicability.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "central position", "other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inner", "front", "central", "two ends", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated; meanwhile, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "snap-fit", "plug-in", "welding", "screw-on", "mounting", "setting", "interference fit", "screw connection", "meshed connection", and the like, are to be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be connected through the inside of two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically defined, and the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides an automatic stamping device of ejection of compact, includes base (1), its characterized in that: the base is characterized in that stand columns are welded on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the base (1), fixing plates (2) are symmetrically clamped on the left side and the right side of an inner cavity of the base (1), a first round rod (3) is installed at the center position of the outer wall of each fixing plate (2) in a penetrating mode through a bearing, an inner ring of the bearing is in interference fit with the first round rod (3), an outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the inner wall of each fixing plate (2), first gears (4) are installed on the left side and the right side of each first round rod (3), a lower die holder (5) is arranged at the center position of the top end of the base (1), first sliding grooves (6) are formed in the left side and the right side of the top end of the lower die holder (5), one end of a sliding block (7) is embedded in the inner cavity of each first sliding groove (6), a push plate (8) is clamped with a push plate (6) and extends out, iron plates (10) are mounted at the left end and the right end of the rear side of the push plate (8), a connecting plate (11) is clamped at the rear side of the top end of the lower die holder (5), a second permanent magnet (12) matched with the first permanent magnet (9) is mounted at the center position of the front side of the connecting plate (11), electromagnets (13) are mounted at the left end and the right end of the front side of the connecting plate (11), a second round rod (14) is mounted at the center position of the bottom end of the inner cavity of the base (1) through a bearing, an inner ring of the bearing is in interference fit with the base (1), an outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the second round rod (14), the top end of the second round rod (14) extends into the inner cavity of the lower die holder (5) and is in threaded connection with a connecting block (15), a base (16) is clamped at the top end of the connecting block (15), a second gear (17) meshed with the first gear (4) is in interference fit at, the vertical plates (18) are clamped on the left side and the right side of the top end of the base (1), the connecting base (19) is clamped on the top end of the inner side of each vertical plate (18), a hydraulic cylinder (20) is connected to the center of the top end of each connecting base (19) through screws, the bottom end of each hydraulic cylinder (20) extends out of the lower surface of each connecting base (19) and is clamped with a baffle (21), a stamping head (22) is installed at the center of the bottom end of each baffle (21), connecting columns (23) are installed on the left side and the right side of the bottom end of each connecting base (19) through bearings, inner rings of the bearings are in interference fit with the connecting bases (19), outer rings of the bearings are fixedly connected with the outer walls of the connecting columns (23), the bottom ends of the connecting columns (23) extend into the inner cavity of the base (1), the bottom ends of the connecting columns (23) are installed and connected with the bottom end of, the inner chamber of second spout (24) is embedded to have the one end of second slider (25), and the other end of second slider (25) and the inner wall looks joint of baffle (21), the outer wall interference fit of spliced pole (23) has third gear (26) that link to each other with first gear (4) meshing.
2. The automatic discharging stamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the second sliding groove (24) is semi-encircling inclined.
3. The automatic discharging stamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the front side central position of base (1) is provided with the collecting box.
4. The automatic discharging stamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positions of the second permanent magnet block (12) and the first permanent magnet block (9) and the positions of the electromagnet (13) and the iron plate (10) are all corresponding to each other.
5. The automatic discharging stamping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the connecting block (15) is rectangular.
CN201920829195.9U 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact Expired - Fee Related CN210647949U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201920829195.9U CN210647949U (en) 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201920829195.9U CN210647949U (en) 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN210647949U true CN210647949U (en) 2020-06-02

Family

ID=70835984

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201920829195.9U Expired - Fee Related CN210647949U (en) 2019-06-04 2019-06-04 Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN210647949U (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111745023A (en) * 2020-07-18 2020-10-09 陈伯坚 Precision mold for automobile parts
CN112122485A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-25 河北冰虫环保科技有限公司 Hardware component machining die with discharging mechanism
CN112792191A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-14 王爱红 Pole piece tabletting equipment for lithium battery production
CN113020381A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-06-25 浙江奥展航空科技有限公司 Bolt forming device with discharging function and using method thereof
CN113399550A (en) * 2021-05-03 2021-09-17 郑晓芳 Stainless steel plate stamping equipment

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111745023A (en) * 2020-07-18 2020-10-09 陈伯坚 Precision mold for automobile parts
CN111745023B (en) * 2020-07-18 2021-12-17 浙江双展精密机械股份有限公司 Precision mold for automobile parts
CN112122485A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-25 河北冰虫环保科技有限公司 Hardware component machining die with discharging mechanism
CN112792191A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-14 王爱红 Pole piece tabletting equipment for lithium battery production
CN113020381A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-06-25 浙江奥展航空科技有限公司 Bolt forming device with discharging function and using method thereof
CN113020381B (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-10-04 浙江奥展航空科技有限公司 Bolt forming device with discharging function and using method thereof
CN113399550A (en) * 2021-05-03 2021-09-17 郑晓芳 Stainless steel plate stamping equipment

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN210647949U (en) Automatic stamping device of ejection of compact
CN211542521U (en) Die punch device of electronic product
CN211489591U (en) Machine part mould convenient to drawing of patterns
CN210847998U (en) Die carrier convenient to drawing of patterns
CN110238370B (en) Low-pressure casting die for light alloy motor shell
CN210173045U (en) Perforating machine for building board
CN209867286U (en) Novel vertical parting molding machine
CN214683939U (en) Automatic feeding device of punch press
CN216461226U (en) Stamping forming die
CN210754610U (en) Quick die-cut mould of aluminum alloy fin
CN216151636U (en) Sealing washer assembly machine that assembly efficiency is high
CN214919741U (en) Rectifier bridge welds pin punching press facility
CN210758143U (en) Cam type hand-operated self-return cloth tapping machine
CN210450479U (en) Stamping equipment of continuous punching press
CN211566814U (en) Ejection device of plastic mold
CN210547267U (en) Mechanical stamping die
CN208583915U (en) The material-receiving device of punching press discharging
CN217414620U (en) Rubber lining plate production is with vulcanization mould collision device
CN212763178U (en) Water pump bearing shaft ejector pin enclasping device
CN108246806B (en) Quick die changing device for hydraulic power stainless steel pipe continuous production line
CN220574454U (en) Punching machine for manufacturing automobile parts
CN211437708U (en) Automatic change stamping equipment
CN117532322B (en) Machining device for hydraulic pump body
CN210936737U (en) Stamping die for hardware precision device
CN204118448U (en) A kind of material belt type process system of terminal module

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20200602