CN210644252U - Bionic buffer system of artificial joint and bionic artificial joint adopting bionic buffer system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an artificial joint bionic buffer system and a bionic artificial joint using the same, wherein the artificial joint bionic buffer system comprises a buffer cushion made of biocompatible material, and the buffer cushion is arranged between two adjacent artificial joint gaskets; the artificial joint is a hip joint, an ankle joint or a knee joint, when the artificial joint is the knee joint, the artificial knee joint comprises a femoral prosthesis and a tibial prosthesis, the tibial prosthesis comprises a tibial pad and a tibial tray, and the impact force transmitted from the femoral prosthesis to the tibial prosthesis is buffered through the buffer pad and the connecting mechanism, so that the buffer system or the combination of the buffer system and the tibial pad has the function of like a meniscus.

Description

Bionic buffer system of artificial joint and bionic artificial joint adopting bionic buffer system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a medical artificial joint prosthesis part, concretely relates to bionical buffer system of artificial joint and adopt its bionical artificial joint.

Background

Currently, joint replacement surgery is the most fundamental treatment scheme for joint lesions and injuries in the world, and joint prostheses, also called artificial joints, are implanted into a human body in the replacement surgery to replace the natural joints of the damaged human body; with the gradual progress of science and technology, the further requirements for artificial joints and replacement operations are higher and higher, people want to reduce pain, prolong service life, better recovery effect after operations and even reach the level of normal healthy people, therefore, various artificial joints are gradually brought out, various conception assumptions are proposed, however, the current mainstream operation methods and artificial joints are far from meeting the requirements;

because the cartilage on the joint is removed in the process of operation, the soft contact which originally has the buffer function is changed into the hard contact, a plurality of inconveniences are necessarily faced after the operation,

taking an artificial knee joint as an example, two main leg bones of a human body are a femur and a tibia, the femur is on the upper part, the tibia is on the lower part, and the intersecting and interacting positions of the femur and the tibia are the knee joint; a section of the femur in the knee joint is called the lower femur, and a section of the tibia in the knee joint is called the upper tibia; the lower end of the femur and the upper end of the tibia become large, and a supporting foundation is provided for the stability of the knee joint;

the lower end of the femur forms two separate condyles, the lower surfaces of which are smoothly rounded and covered by articular cartilage, said two separate condyles being not symmetrical, the medial condyle being larger and the lateral condyle being smaller to accommodate different forces conditions of the medial and lateral sides; the upper end of the tibia includes shallow, concave lateral and medial platforms covered by articular cartilage, the medial platform being larger than the lateral platform, the entire tibial platform being separated by a bulge or nodule between the lateral and medial platforms;

the patella (patella) is embedded in the quadriceps femoris tendon which connects the quadriceps musculature of the anterior upper thigh to the patella, which connects the patella to the tibia directly below the knee joint; the combination of quadriceps femoris tendon, patella and patellar ligament more like a pulley transfers the force generated by quadriceps femoris musculature to tibia via the flexed knee joint, thereby straightening the leg or slowing the rate of flexion, obviously, the patella also has other functions of protecting the knee joint from impact damage;

the role of the cruciate ligaments is to generally position the condyle on the tibia during flexion and extension, during flexion of the knee, the tension exerted by the anterior cruciate ligament limiting the posterior displacement of the condyle, during extension of the knee, the posterior cruciate ligament limiting the anterior displacement of the condyle;

the knee joint meniscus plays an important role in the normal function of the knee joint, and besides the increase of the symmetry of the joint, the meniscus is buffered and differentiated when force passes through the knee joint, so that the friction and impact between the femur and the tibia are weakened;

however, in the currently popular knee joint replacement surgery, a natural tibial plateau is often directly resected, an artificial tibial plateau is replaced, and a femoral condyle prosthesis with a similar shape is installed on the surface of a femur, so that a new femoral condyle prosthesis interacts with the artificial tibial plateau, which results in that no cruciate ligament and meniscus are available in the knee joint after the surgery, and some patella even is unavailable, so that the expected recovery effect cannot be achieved after the surgery due to the existing surgery method and the corresponding characteristics of the artificial knee joint, the original physiological structure and characteristics of the knee joint are damaged by the surgery, permanent irreversible damage is caused to the knee joint, adjustment is urgently needed, and a new artificial knee joint capable of retaining the cruciate ligament and the patella and having a meniscus buffer function is needed.

In addition, clinical research for many years shows that in the knee joint lesion, the damage degrees of the medial condyle and the lateral condyle, and the medial platform and the lateral platform are different and are often influenced by behavior habits, working habits and the like of people, the condyle or the platform positioned on the medial side is damaged in advance, the condyle or the platform on the other side is damaged in an accelerated way, and a patient suffers great pain in the process, if an operation is performed in the process, the undamaged side is often resected together, because the tibial platform and the new femoral condyle are integrated; moreover, most knee joint pathologies are caused by degeneration, wear of the meniscus, femoral condyle or tibial plateau, with minimal damage to the cruciate ligaments and patella;

for this reason, there have been proposed to replace the existing one-piece knee joint with a semi-condylar knee joint, which is desirable, but has been difficult to implement in practice, and is not achieved at all, or has a lower actual effect than the original one-piece knee joint; the main problems are that when the semi-condylar knee joint is replaced, the replaced part and the intact part are not matched in function and height, the damage speed of the intact part cannot be effectively delayed, when the original intact knee joint of the other part is also damaged, the artificial knee joint still needs to be replaced by an operation, at the moment, if the semi-condylar knee joint is also used, the two semi-condylar knee joints are difficult to be coordinated and consistent in the aspects of height, size, elasticity and the like, the use effect is poor, if the integral knee joint is replaced, the originally replaced semi-condylar knee joint appears to be meaningless, and the secondary damaged installation of a tibia and a femur is also involved.

Due to the problems, the inventor of the invention has made an intensive study on various existing artificial joints including knee joints, and designs an artificial joint bionic buffering system capable of solving the problems and a bionic artificial joint adopting the artificial joint bionic buffering system.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and designs an artificial joint bionic buffer system and a bionic artificial joint adopting the artificial joint bionic buffer system, wherein the artificial joint bionic buffer system comprises a buffer cushion made of a biocompatible material, and the buffer cushion is arranged between two adjacent artificial joint gaskets; artificial joint is hip joint, ankle joint or knee joint, works as when artificial joint is the knee joint, artificial knee joint includes femoral prosthesis and tibial prosthesis, tibial prosthesis includes shin pad and shin bone and holds in the palm, cushions the impact force of transmitting to tibial prosthesis by femoral prosthesis through this blotter and coupling mechanism for this buffer system or buffer system have class meniscus function with the combination of shin pad, thereby accomplish the utility model discloses the shin bone is suitable for the department of sports, the department.

In particular, the utility model aims to provide an artificial joint bionic buffer system,

the bionic buffer system of the artificial joint comprises a buffer pad 6 made of biocompatible materials, and the buffer pad is arranged between two adjacent artificial joint gaskets and plays a role of joint cartilage.

Wherein the buffer pad 6 deforms when two adjacent artificial joint gaskets are pressed against each other, so that the two adjacent artificial joint gaskets are abutted;

when the compression is finished, the buffer pad 6 can be restored to the original position, and two adjacent artificial joint gaskets are continuously separated.

Wherein the cushion 6 is in one of the following forms: a metal dome form, an air bag form filled with gas in the middle, or a solid pad form;

the buffer pad 6 is made of biocompatible and elastic materials, such as metal materials or polymer materials, and for the polymer materials, nano-reinforcing materials, such as nano-silica, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-silver oxide, and the like, can be added or coated.

Wherein the artificial joint is a hip joint, an ankle joint or a knee joint.

When the artificial joint is a knee joint, the artificial knee joint comprises a femoral prosthesis 1 and a tibial prosthesis 2, wherein the femoral prosthesis 1 comprises a femoral condyle made of metal, and the tibial prosthesis 2 comprises a tibial tray 22 and a tibial pad 21 made of high polymer polyethylene; the tibial tray 22 and the tibial pad 21 are both called artificial joint shims;

the cushioning pad 6 is disposed between the tibial tray 22 and the tibial pad 21 to provide cushioning to the tibial pad 21 so that the combination of the tibial pad 21 and the cushioning system has a stress cushioning function similar to that of the meniscus and tibial plateau cartilage.

Wherein the cushioning system further comprises a connecting mechanism 61 arranged at the front end of the tibial prosthesis 2,

the connecting mechanism 61 is a connecting mechanism or a clamping groove, and the tibia pad 21 and the tibia tray 22 are connected through the connecting mechanism 61.

Wherein, one or two tibial prostheses 2 are provided,

the tibial prosthesis 2 is disposed on one or both sides of the intercondylar spine 31 of the tibial plateau and below the femoral prosthesis 1.

The artificial knee joint further comprises a positioning pin 5, and the tibial prosthesis 2 is fixed on the tibia through the positioning pin 5.

Wherein, the bottom of the tibia false body 2 is provided with a false body notch 23,

a tibia notch 32 is arranged on the tibia below the tibia false body 2,

the prosthesis groove 23 corresponds to the tibia groove 32, and together form a limit hole 4 for installing a positioning pin 5.

The utility model also provides a bionical artificial joint, be provided with as above in this bionical artificial joint bionical buffer system of artificial joint.

Wherein, the bionic artificial joint is a bionic artificial hip joint, a bionic artificial ankle joint or a bionic artificial knee joint.

The utility model discloses the beneficial effect who has includes:

(1) according to the utility model, the buffer pad of the bionic buffer system for artificial joints can simulate the function of cartilage such as meniscus and provide the buffer and shock absorption effect, so that the joints such as artificial knee joints are more substantially similar to natural joints;

(2) according to the utility model, the elasticity/elasticity of the buffer pad of the bionic buffer system of the artificial joint is adjustable, and can be adjusted according to special conditions such as different ages, physical conditions and the like, so that the elasticity/elasticity of the buffer pad can be ensured to be in the best state;

(4) according to the bionic buffer system for the artificial joint, which is provided by the utility model, the artificial joint can be provided with two separated tibial false bodies which can be respectively placed on two sides of the intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau, so that the intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau is not required to be cut off and damaged, the cruciate ligament on the intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau can be perfectly reserved, and the stability of the knee joint and the experience of a patient are greatly enhanced;

(5) according to the bionic buffer system of the artificial joint, the artificial knee joint can be provided with two separated tibial prostheses, the prosthesis transplantation can be carried out by stages according to the state of an illness, and the practical application is more flexible and convenient;

drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a biomimetic cushioning system for an artificial joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of an artificial knee upper tibial prosthesis according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an artificial knee joint assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates another exploded view of an artificial knee joint assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic structural view of a typical monolithic femoral prosthesis used in a prior art artificial knee joint;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a femoral prosthesis in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

figure 7 shows a schematic view of a cross-sectional shape of a limiting hole/locating pin in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

figure 8 shows a schematic view of a cross-sectional shape of a limiting hole/locating pin in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a tibia bone structure for receiving two tibial prostheses in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a tibia bone structure for receiving a tibial prosthesis in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is an exploded view illustrating the assembly of a femoral prosthesis with a femur in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural view illustrating an assembled femoral prosthesis and femur in an artificial knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate:

1-femoral prosthesis

11-front buckle cover

12-fixed thorn

13-rear buckle cover

14-fixed pin

2-tibial prosthesis

21-shin pad

22-tibial tray

23-false body notch

3-tibia bone

31-tibial plateau intercondylar spine

32-tibial notch

33-intercondylar spine Aperture

4-limiting hole

5-positioning pin

6-buffer pad

61-connecting mechanism

8-femur

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.

The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

The utility model provides an artificial joint bionic buffering system, as shown in figure 1, the artificial joint bionic buffering system comprises a buffering pad 6 made of elastic material with biocompatibility, and the buffering pad is arranged between two adjacent artificial joint gaskets and plays the function of joint cartilage;

preferably, the cushion pad 6 is deformed when two adjacent artificial joint shims are pressed against each other, so that the two adjacent artificial joint shims are abutted;

when the compression is finished, the buffer pad 6 can be restored to the original position, and two adjacent artificial joint gaskets are continuously separated.

In a preferred embodiment, the cushion 6 is in the form of one of the following: a metal dome form, an air bag form filled with gas in the middle, or a solid pad form;

the buffer pad 6 is made of biocompatible and elastic materials, such as metal materials or polymer materials, and for the polymer materials, nano-reinforcing materials, such as nano-silica, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-silver oxide, and the like, can be added or coated. For metallic materials, it is preferred to provide them as plates with a curvature that is flattened to provide the ability to return to the curved state.

The buffer cushion 6 can not fill the gap between two adjacent joint gaskets, and when the sujiu buffer cushion 6 is extruded and deformed, the buffer cushion 6 can not fill the gap between two adjacent joint gaskets, so that the buffer cushion 6 can not extend out from the gap between two adjacent joint gaskets during extrusion.

The buffer pad 6 can be fixedly connected with any one of two adjacent joint gaskets into a whole or be of an integrally formed structure; the joint spacer can also be not integrated with any joint spacer and can be set according to specific conditions.

Preferably, the artificial joint is a hip joint, an ankle joint or a knee joint. The present application takes knee joints as an example:

when the artificial joint is a knee joint, the artificial knee joint comprises a femoral prosthesis 1 and a tibial prosthesis 2, wherein the femoral prosthesis 1 comprises a femoral condyle made of metal, the femoral prosthesis 1 is arranged at the lower end of a femur 8 and replaces a part of bone structure at the lower end of the femur, and the tibial prosthesis 2 is arranged at the upper end of a tibia 3 and replaces a part of bone structure on a tibial platform at the upper end of the tibia; in this application the tibial plateau is the surface of the tibia that contacts the lower end of the femur, the central area of the tibial plateau has an intercondylar ridge 31 of the tibial plateau, also called a ridge or a tubercle, to which a cruciate ligament is attached, and the tibial plateau is mainly composed of the medial plateau and the lateral plateau on both sides of the intercondylar ridge of the tibial plateau.

The tibial prosthesis 2 comprises a tibial tray 22 and a tibial pad 21 made of high molecular polyethylene;

the impact force transmitted from the femoral prosthesis 1 to the tibial prosthesis 2 is buffered by the buffer pad 6, so that the combination of the tibial pad 21 and the buffer system has the stress buffer function of similar meniscus and tibial plateau cartilage;

the meniscus is a cartilage tissue which plays a role in buffering and damping in the knee joint of the human body; specifically, when the impact force is transmitted from the femoral prosthesis 1 to the tibial prosthesis 2, the impact force is firstly received by the cushion pad 6, the cushion pad 6 is deformed to accumulate the elastic force, the downward moving speed of the tibial pad 21 is smaller and smaller, the impact force on the tibial pad is smaller and smaller, finally, the tibial pad is pressed against the tibial tray to jointly transmit the acting force to the tibia, and the acting force is buffered by the cushion pad 6 and is negligible corresponding to the loss of the tibia, so that the cushioning effect similar to the meniscus is achieved, namely the cushioning effect is called as having the function similar to the meniscus.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cushioning system further comprises an attachment mechanism 61 disposed at the anterior end of the tibial prosthesis 2, the attachment mechanism 61 being an attachment mechanism or a catch.

The tibial pad 21 and the tibial tray 22 are connected by a connection mechanism 61. The tibial pad 21 and the tibial tray 22 are connected through the connecting mechanism, so that the tibial pad 21 and the tibial tray 22 can only rotate relatively within a certain amplitude range, and the stability of the whole tibial prosthesis is ensured.

In the present application, it is preferable that the vibration-damping pad of different elasticity condition and different thickness is selected according to the age and physical condition of the patient, so that the elasticity between the tibial pad 21 and the tibial tray 22 is identical to the elasticity of the meniscus, so that the total height/thickness of the tibial pad 21 and the tibial tray 22 is identical to the height of the side of the non-replaced artificial knee joint,

the total height/thickness of the tibia pad 21 and the tibia tray 22 can be made to be consistent with the height of the other artificial knee joint tibia prosthesis 2 which is replaced in advance, so that the problem that the height and the elasticity of the two tibia prostheses at two sides are inconsistent in two-time replacement is solved, and the effect after the staged surgery is good.

In a preferred embodiment, one or both of the tibial prostheses 2, replacing the medial and/or lateral plateau,

when one of the tibial prostheses is available, the tibial prosthesis is used for replacing a medial plateau or a lateral plateau;

when there are two tibial prostheses, the tibial prostheses are used to replace the medial and lateral platforms;

when there is one tibial prosthesis, the femoral prosthesis also has only one unicondylar, only one femoral prosthesis, as shown in figure 6,

when there are two tibial prostheses, the femoral prosthesis has two condyles connected as a single body, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, or there are two femoral prostheses, i.e. two separate unicondylars; fig. 5 shows a total condylar femoral prosthesis which is connected as a whole, the size and the weight of the femoral prosthesis are large, and the prosthesis can shield a femoral pulley, so that the track of the pulley is changed to rub against a patella, and the normal work of the prosthesis can be ensured by artificial patella replacement;

in the present invention, preferably, there are one or two femoral prostheses, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the shape of the femoral prosthesis 1 is the same as the shape of the partial femur to be replaced, the outer part of the femoral prosthesis is arc surface-shaped, a front cover 11 and a rear cover 13 are respectively disposed at both ends of the femoral prosthesis 1, so as to fix the femoral prosthesis on the femur, wherein the top end of the rear cover 13 is inclined toward the front cover;

when the femoral prosthesis is installed, firstly, an inwards concave prosthesis fixing area is dug on the femur, and after the femoral prosthesis is installed in the area, the area can be just filled, so that the femur is restored to the state before the prosthesis fixing area is dug; i.e. the femoral prosthesis 1 is fixed to the femur by being embedded in the prosthesis fixation area.

The inner side of the femoral prosthesis is also provided with a fixing thorn 12 and a fixing pin 14, when a prosthesis fixing area is processed on the femur, a blind hole is dug in cancellous bone at a corresponding position, and when the femoral prosthesis 1 is buckled at the prosthesis fixing area, the fixing pin 14 is embedded into the blind hole;

meanwhile, tapered grooves/tapered holes are formed in the cancellous bone and close to the anterior cortical bone, wherein the anterior cortical bone refers to the cortical bone in contact with the front buckle cover 11, the specific shape and number of the tapered grooves/tapered holes correspond to the shape and number of the fixing thorns 12, and when the femoral prosthesis 1 is buckled in the prosthesis fixing area, the fixing thorns 12 are acutely inserted into the tapered grooves/tapered holes;

preferably, the bore size of the blind bore is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining pin 14; during the process of inserting the fixing pin 14 into the blind hole, the hole diameter of the blind hole is inevitably forced to expand, and the spongy bone region is pressed, so that tight consolidation is formed;

preferably, the fixing thorn 12 and the fixing pin 14 can be one or more, in this application, two fixing thorn are preferably provided, and one fixing pin is provided, and accordingly, the number of the blind hole and the conical groove/conical hole is matched with the number of the fixing pin 14 and the fixing thorn 12.

The contact area of the femur with the front buckle cover 11 and the rear buckle cover 13 is a cortical bone area, and has higher strength and toughness;

the utility model discloses further preferably, preceding buckle closure 11 with fixed thorn 12 is close to, preceding buckle closure 11 detains outside the cortical of bone, and fixed thorn 12 inserts in the cancellous bone, and pushes up on the cortical of bone from the inboard, thereby step up the cortical of bone, forms the nest groove together with back buckle closure 13 and then the lock is fixed on the thighbone; meanwhile, the front buckle cover 11 and the fixing spine 12 form a groove-shaped structure with a V-shaped section, and the bone cortex ground on the femur is pressed against the bottom of the groove-shaped structure; the fixing spine 12 and the groove-shaped structure with the V-shaped section are used for assisting the front buckle cover 11 to fix the cortical bone, so that the front buckle cover 11 and the rear buckle cover 13 can be buckled on the femur; the fixing between the femoral prosthesis and the femur can be fixed firmly and reliably scientifically and reasonably, and the long-time examination can be endured.

In a preferred embodiment, the femoral prosthesis has a small surface area size and therefore a small volume and weight, and specifically, the area of the external surface of the femoral condyle prosthesis 1 is less than about 60%, preferably about 40% to about 55%, of the external surface area of the medial/lateral condyle of the femur; preferably, about 50% of the total surface area of the femoral condyle is about one quarter of the total surface area of the femoral condyle;

the femoral prosthesis 1 is in a long strip shape and is positioned on one side of the femoral pulley, and the replacement of the femoral prosthesis 1 does not influence the normal work of the femoral pulley, so that the replacement of the femoral prosthesis 1 has no influence on the normal work and the installation position of the patella.

After the tibial prosthesis replaces the medial plateau and/or the lateral plateau, the height of the part (intercondylar ridge of the tibial plateau) which is not replaced on the tibial plateau is basically consistent with that of the tibial prosthesis, namely, after a part of tibial structure is replaced by the tibial prosthesis, the height of the tibia is not obviously changed.

The tibial prosthesis 2 is arranged at the position of the front upper end surface of the tibia and below the rear side of the patella, preferably, the arrangement position of the tibial prosthesis 2 keeps a preset distance from the lower edge of the patella, and the distance value between the natural tibial plateau and the patella is equal to the preset distance value; the natural tibial plateau is replaced by the tibial prosthesis 2, so that no substantial influence is caused on the patella per se, the sliding of the patella is not influenced, and the patella can be ensured to be reserved after the operation. The natural tibial plateau referred to in this application refers to a naturally occurring tibial plateau in a human body, where nature means naturally occurring.

The utility model discloses in preferred, tibial component 2 has two, two tibial component 2 set up the both sides of ridge 31 between tibial plateau condyle respectively to be located femoral component 1's below, the inboard platform and the outside platform in the tibial component 2 replacement tibial plateau, and bearing femoral component 1. In order to place and secure the two tibial prostheses, some structural modification to the tibia or tibial plateau is required, the modified tibia or tibial plateau being shown in fig. 9.

When there is only one tibial prosthesis, the modified tibia or tibial plateau is as shown in fig. 10.

The upper surface of the tibial prosthesis 2 has an inward, downward concavity similar to the medial and lateral platforms on the natural tibial platform, as shown in fig. 9 and 10.

The cross section of the tibial prosthesis 2 is waist-shaped or waist-like, and the outer contour of the tibial prosthesis is consistent with the excavated part of the tibial plateau.

The tibial prosthesis 2 has a cross-sectional dimension of about one third of the cross-sectional dimension of the tibial plateau.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the artificial knee joint further comprises a positioning pin 5 for fixing the tibial prosthesis 2;

the tibial prosthesis 2 is fixed on the tibia through the positioning pin 5 and a protrusion at the bottom of the tibial prosthesis 2 and inserted into the upper end of the tibia;

in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, a prosthesis slot 23 is opened on the bottom surface of the tibial prosthesis 2, and the prosthesis slot 23 is opened on the tibial tray 22.

A tibia slot 32 is arranged below the tibia prosthesis 2; that is, a tibial cutout 32 is provided in the tibia/tibial plateau below the tibial component, as shown in fig. 9 and 10.

The intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau is provided with an intercondylar spine hole 33, the prosthesis groove 23 corresponds to the tibia groove 32, and the intercondylar spine hole 33, the prosthesis groove 23 and the tibia groove 32 together form a limit hole 4 for accommodating the positioning pin 5, as shown in fig. 1, 7 and 8.

When only one tibial prosthesis 2 is provided, the limiting hole extends into the tibial plateau intercondylar ridge 31 and does not penetrate through the tibial plateau intercondylar ridge 31, namely, the intercondylar ridge hole 33 is a blind hole;

when there are two tibial prostheses 2, the limiting holes penetrate through the intercondylar spine 31 of the tibial plateau, and the two limiting holes corresponding to the two tibial prostheses 2 are communicated with each other to form a longer limiting hole, i.e., the intercondylar spine hole 33 is a through hole.

Preferably, the limit holes 4 penetrate through the intercondylar spine 31 of the tibial plateau and communicate with the two tibial prostheses 2; namely, in the axial direction of the limit hole 4, the limit hole is formed by splicing three parts, wherein two parts at two ends are surrounded by an upper prosthesis groove 23 and a lower tibia groove 32; the third part in the middle is the intercondylar spine hole 33 that opens out completely in the tibial plateau intercondylar spine 31.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of the locating pin is greater than the length of the prosthetic notch 23 in a tibial prosthesis 2 and less than the sum of the length of the prosthetic notch 23 and the width of the tibial plateau intercondylar ridge 31. Therefore, when only one tibial prosthesis is provided, the positioning pin can satisfy the positioning and fixing effects, when one more tibial prosthesis is added, the length of the limiting hole 4 is naturally prolonged, the positioning pin can further move deeply into the prolonged limiting hole, finally the positioning pin completely penetrates through the intercondylar spine 31 of the tibial plateau, two ends of the positioning pin are embedded into the prosthesis notch 23 to play the limiting and fixing effects on the tibial prosthesis 2, and it is noted that due to the existence of the positioning pin, the positioning pin can fix the horizontal heights of two tibial prostheses 2 positioned at two sides of the intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau, and can also enable one tibial prosthesis positioned at one side of the intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau and the intercondylar spine of the tibial plateau to be kept in a desired horizontal height range, so that the physiological height of the femur of the knee joint after replacement is basically consistent with the physiological height of the femur before replacement, on this basis, the tibial prosthesis 2 is fixed, so that the tibial prosthesis is in a reasonable position, and good experience of a postoperative patient is ensured.

Preferably, the width of the tibial plateau intercondylar ridge 31 is less than or equal to the length of the prosthetic notch 23.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 7 and 8, the cross-sectional shape of the position-limiting hole 4 is identical to the cross-sectional shape of the positioning pin 5; this cross sectional shape can be oval, square, trapezoidal, rhombus, triangle-shaped, pentagon, pentagram, hexagon, octagon and so on various shapes, in various cross sectional shape's locating pin, triangle-shaped, square, trapezoidal and polygonal result of use better some, the utility model discloses in preferably select trapezoidal to this trapezoidal upper base is located false body opening groove 23, and lower base is located shin bone opening groove 32, and upper base length is greater than lower base length.

In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the positioning pin corresponds to the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting hole, and the positioning pin and the limiting hole are in tight fit, preferably in interference fit; therefore, the positioning pin is difficult to continuously extend after being embedded to a certain depth and is blocked, and the positioning pin just stays at a desired position, preferably, the position is a center position and cannot deviate towards two sides;

in a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting hole corresponds to the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting hole, the positioning pin can be inserted into the corresponding depth position of the limiting hole, an expansion bolt can be arranged on the end face of the positioning pin, and when the positioning pin is located at a desired position, preferably a right-center position, the positioning pin is tightly clamped and fixed in the limiting hole by screwing the expansion bolt, so that the position of the positioning pin is ensured to be stable and cannot be shifted to two sides;

in a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the positioning pin is uniform and unchanged, but the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting hole is changed, an expansion bolt is arranged on the end face of the positioning pin, the positioning pin extends into the limiting hole from the side with the larger dimension, and the positioning pin is difficult to continue to extend after being embedded to a certain depth, so that the positioning pin can stay at a desired position, and the expansion bolt is screwed at the moment, so that the positioning pin is clamped and fixed in the limiting hole, and the positioning pin is fixed more stably.

The utility model discloses in, the locating pin has one or more, and every locating pin all cooperatees with a spacing hole, and when the locating pin has a plurality ofly, spacing hole also has a plurality ofly, and the quantity of locating pin keeps unanimous with the quantity of spacing hole.

The utility model also provides a bionic artificial joint, which is provided with the artificial joint bionic buffer system;

the bionic artificial joint is a bionic artificial hip joint, a bionic artificial ankle joint or a bionic artificial knee joint, and when the bionic artificial joint is the bionic artificial knee joint, the bionic artificial hip joint, the bionic artificial ankle joint or the bionic artificial knee joint is as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4.

The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, which are merely exemplary and illustrative. On this basis, can be right the utility model discloses carry out multiple replacement and improvement, these all fall into the utility model discloses a protection scope.

Claims (9)

1. An artificial joint bionic buffer system is characterized in that,

the bionic buffer system of the artificial joint comprises a buffer pad (6) made of elastic material with biocompatibility, and the buffer pad is arranged between two adjacent artificial joint gaskets and plays a role of articular cartilage;

when the artificial joint is a knee joint, the artificial knee joint comprises a femoral prosthesis (1) and a tibial prosthesis (2), wherein the tibial prosthesis (2) comprises a tibial tray (22) and a tibial pad (21) made of high-molecular polyethylene;

the cushioning system further comprises a connecting mechanism (61) arranged at the front end of the tibial prosthesis (2),

the connecting mechanism (61) is a connecting mechanism or a clamping groove, and the tibia pad (21) and the tibia tray (22) are connected through the connecting mechanism (61);

the artificial knee joint also comprises a positioning pin (5), and the tibial prosthesis (2) is fixed on the tibia through the positioning pin (5) and a protrusion which is arranged at the bottom of the tibial prosthesis (2) and is inserted into the upper end of the tibia;

the bottom of the tibia prosthesis (2) is provided with a prosthesis groove (23),

a tibia slot (32) is arranged on the tibia below the tibia false body (2).

2. The biomimetic cushioning system of an artificial joint of claim 1,

the buffer pad (6) deforms when being pressed between two adjacent artificial joint gaskets, so that the two adjacent artificial joint gaskets are abutted;

when the compression is finished, the buffer pad (6) can be restored to the original position to continuously separate the two adjacent artificial joint gaskets.

3. The biomimetic cushioning system of an artificial joint of claim 1,

the cushioning pad (6) is in the form of one of: a metal dome form, an air bag form filled with gas in the middle, or a solid pad form;

the buffer pad (6) is made of a material having biocompatibility and elasticity.

4. The biomimetic cushioning system of an artificial joint of claim 1,

the artificial joint is a hip joint, an ankle joint or a knee joint.

5. The biomimetic cushioning system of an artificial joint of claim 1,

the femoral prosthesis (1) comprises a femoral condyle made of metal; the tibia support (22) and the tibia pad (21) are both called artificial joint gaskets;

the buffer pad (6) is arranged between the tibia support (22) and the tibia pad (21) to provide buffer for the tibia pad (21), so that the combination of the tibia pad (21) and the buffer system has the stress buffer function similar to a meniscus and a tibial plateau cartilage.

6. The biomimetic cushioning system of an artificial joint of claim 1,

one or two of the tibial prostheses (2),

the tibial prosthesis (2) is arranged on one side or two sides of the intercondylar ridge (31) of the tibial plateau and is positioned below the femoral prosthesis (1).

7. The biomimetic cushioning system of an artificial joint of claim 1,

the prosthesis groove (23) corresponds to the tibia groove (32) and forms a limiting hole (4) for installing the positioning pin (5).

8. A bionic artificial joint, which is characterized in that,

the bionic artificial joint is provided with the bionic buffering system of the artificial joint as claimed in claims 1-7.

9. The biomimetic artificial joint according to claim 8,

the bionic artificial joint is a bionic artificial hip joint, a bionic artificial ankle joint or a bionic artificial knee joint.

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