CN210639364U - Integrated imaging 3D display device based on gradient rectangular pinhole array - Google Patents
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技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及集成成像3D显示，更具体地说，本实用新型涉及基于渐变矩形针孔阵列的集成成像3D显示装置。The utility model relates to an integrated imaging 3D display, and more particularly, the utility model relates to an integrated imaging 3D display device based on a gradient rectangular pinhole array.
背景技术Background technique
集成成像3D显示具有裸眼观看的特点，其拍摄与显示的过程相对简单，且能显示全视差和全真色彩的3D图像，是目前3D显示的主要方式之一。但是，在传统的集成成像3D显示中，微图像阵列中的图像元均为正方形，即图像元的水平节距等于垂直节距。在传统的集成成像3D显示中，微透镜为圆形，针孔为正方形，微透镜和针孔的水平节距均等于垂直节距。The integrated imaging 3D display has the characteristics of naked eye viewing. The process of shooting and display is relatively simple, and it can display 3D images with full parallax and full color. It is one of the main ways of 3D display at present. However, in the traditional integrated imaging 3D display, the picture elements in the micro-image array are all square, that is, the horizontal pitch of the picture elements is equal to the vertical pitch. In the traditional integrated imaging 3D display, the microlens is circular, the pinhole is square, and the horizontal pitch of the microlens and pinhole is equal to the vertical pitch.
对于电视和显示器而言，电视和显示器的水平宽度与垂直宽度之比为16:9、16：10或者4:3。即，水平方向上图像元的数目与垂直方向上图像元的数目之比为16:9、16：10或者4:3。其缺点在于：For TVs and monitors, the ratio of the horizontal width to the vertical width of the TV and monitor is 16:9, 16:10 or 4:3. That is, the ratio of the number of picture elements in the horizontal direction to the number of picture elements in the vertical direction is 16:9, 16:10 or 4:3. Its disadvantages are:
（1）水平观看视角远小于垂直观看视角，且水平和垂直观看视角分别与水平和垂直方向上图像元的数目成反比。(1) The horizontal viewing angle is much smaller than the vertical viewing angle, and the horizontal and vertical viewing angles are inversely proportional to the number of image elements in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
（2）水平方向上的3D像素与垂直方向上的3D像素之比为16:9、16：10或者4:3。由于3D图像的3D像素总量不高，因此垂直方向上的3D像素过少，从而影响了观看效果。(2) The ratio of the 3D pixels in the horizontal direction to the 3D pixels in the vertical direction is 16:9, 16:10 or 4:3. Since the total amount of 3D pixels in a 3D image is not high, there are too few 3D pixels in the vertical direction, which affects the viewing effect.
对于手机而言，手机的水平宽度与垂直宽度之比为9:16、10：16或者3:4。即，水平方向上图像元的数目与垂直方向上图像元的数目之比为9:16、10：16或者3:4。其缺点在于：For mobile phones, the ratio of the horizontal width to the vertical width of the mobile phone is 9:16, 10:16 or 3:4. That is, the ratio of the number of picture elements in the horizontal direction to the number of picture elements in the vertical direction is 9:16, 10:16 or 3:4. Its disadvantages are:
（1）水平方向上的3D像素与垂直方向上的3D像素之比为9:16、10：16或者3:4。由于3D图像的3D像素总量不高，因此水平方向上的3D像素过少，从而影响了观看效果。(1) The ratio of 3D pixels in the horizontal direction to 3D pixels in the vertical direction is 9:16, 10:16 or 3:4. Since the total amount of 3D pixels in a 3D image is not high, there are too few 3D pixels in the horizontal direction, which affects the viewing effect.
（2）水平和垂直观看视角分别与水平和垂直方向上图像元的数目成反比。(2) The horizontal and vertical viewing angles are inversely proportional to the number of picture elements in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型提出基于渐变矩形针孔阵列的集成成像3D显示装置，如附图1和2所示，其特征在于，包括显示屏和渐变矩形针孔阵列；显示屏用于显示渐变节距矩形微图像阵列；渐变矩形针孔阵列平行放置在显示屏前方；渐变矩形针孔阵列的水平和垂直中轴线与显示屏的水平和垂直中轴线都分别对应对齐；渐变矩形针孔阵列的水平宽度等于显示屏的水平宽度；渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度等于显示屏的垂直宽度；如附图3和4所示，在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，任意一列的矩形针孔的水平节距相同，任意一行的矩形针孔的垂直节距相同，且矩形针孔阵列的水平节距和垂直节距从中心到边缘逐渐增大；位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距与垂直节距的比值等于渐变矩形针孔阵列的水平宽度与垂直宽度的比值；在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，任意一列的矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度相同，任意一行的矩形针孔的垂直孔径宽度相同，且矩形针孔阵列的水平孔径宽度和垂直孔径宽度从中心到边缘逐渐增大；在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，所有矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值均相同，所有矩形针孔的垂直节距与垂直孔径宽度的比值均相同；在渐变节距矩形微图像阵列中，矩形图像元的水平节距与其对应矩形针孔的水平节距相同，矩形图像元的垂直节距与其对应矩形针孔的垂直节距相同。The utility model proposes an integrated imaging 3D display device based on a gradient rectangular pinhole array, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which is characterized in that it includes a display screen and a gradient rectangular pinhole array; Image array; the gradient rectangular pinhole array is placed in parallel in front of the display screen; the horizontal and vertical central axes of the gradient rectangular pinhole array are aligned with the horizontal and vertical central axes of the display screen respectively; the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array is equal to the display screen. The horizontal width of the screen; the vertical width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array is equal to the vertical width of the display screen; as shown in Figures 3 and 4, in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes in any column is the same, and any The vertical pitch of the rectangular pinholes in a row is the same, and the horizontal pitch and vertical pitch of the rectangular pinhole array gradually increase from the center to the edge; The ratio of the pitch is equal to the ratio of the horizontal width to the vertical width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array; in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the horizontal aperture width of the rectangular pinholes in any column is the same, and the vertical aperture width of the rectangular pinholes in any row is the same. , and the horizontal and vertical aperture widths of the rectangular pinhole array gradually increase from the center to the edge; in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the horizontal aperture width of all rectangular pinholes is the same, and the The ratio of the vertical pitch of the holes to the width of the vertical aperture is the same; in the gradient-pitch rectangular micro-image array, the horizontal pitch of the rectangular picture element is the same as that of the corresponding rectangular pinhole, and the vertical pitch of the rectangular picture element is the same as that of the corresponding rectangular pinhole. The vertical pitches of the corresponding rectangular pinholes are the same.
优选的，在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，任意矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度与垂直孔径宽度的比值均等于该矩形针孔的水平节距与垂直节距的比值。Preferably, in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the ratio of the horizontal aperture width to the vertical aperture width of any rectangular pinhole is equal to the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the vertical pitch of the rectangular pinhole.
优选的，渐变矩形针孔阵列中第i列矩形针孔的水平节距H i 和水平孔径宽度S i 、第j行矩形针孔的垂直节距V j 和垂直孔径宽度T j 由下式计算得到Preferably, in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the horizontal pitch H i and horizontal aperture width S i of the i -th column of rectangular pinholes, and the vertical pitch V j and vertical aperture width T j of the j -th row of rectangular pinholes are calculated by the following formulas get
其中，p是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距，m是渐变矩形针孔阵列中水平方向上矩形针孔的数目，l是观看距离，g是显示屏与渐变矩形针孔阵列的间距，a是渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度与水平宽度的比值，b是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值，i是小于或等于m的正整数，j是小于或等于m的正整数。Where, p is the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, m is the number of rectangular pinholes in the horizontal direction in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, l is the viewing distance, and g is the display screen and the gradient rectangle The pitch of the pinhole array, a is the ratio of the vertical width to the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, b is the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the horizontal aperture width of the rectangular pinhole located at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, i is less than or a positive integer equal to m , j is a positive integer less than or equal to m .
优选的，集成成像3D显示的水平观看视角θ 1、垂直观看视角θ 2、水平分辨率R 1、垂直分辨率R 2、水平光学效率φ 1和垂直光学效率φ 2分别为：Preferably, the horizontal viewing angle θ 1 , the vertical viewing angle θ 2 , the horizontal resolution R 1 , the vertical resolution R 2 , the horizontal optical efficiency φ 1 and the vertical optical efficiency φ 2 of the integrated imaging 3D display are respectively:
其中，p是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距，m是渐变矩形针孔阵列中水平方向上矩形针孔的数目，l是观看距离，g是显示屏与渐变矩形针孔阵列的间距，a是渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度与水平宽度的比值，b是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值。Where, p is the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, m is the number of rectangular pinholes in the horizontal direction in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, l is the viewing distance, and g is the display screen and the gradient rectangle The pitch of the pinhole array, a is the ratio of the vertical width to the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, and b is the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the horizontal aperture width of the rectangular pinhole located at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array.
优选的，矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度与水平节距的比值在10%到20%之间最为合适，矩形针孔的垂直孔径宽度与垂直节距的比值在10%到20%之间最为合适。Preferably, the ratio of the horizontal aperture width to the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinhole is most suitable between 10% and 20%, and the ratio of the vertical aperture width to the vertical pitch of the rectangular pinhole is most suitable between 10% and 20%. .
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本实用新型的结构和水平方向参数示意图Accompanying
附图2为本实用新型的结构和垂直方向参数示意图Accompanying drawing 2 is the structure of the utility model and the schematic diagram of vertical direction parameters
附图3为本实用新型的矩形针孔阵列示意图3 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular pinhole array of the present invention
附图4为本实用新型的矩形微图像阵列示意图4 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular micro-image array of the present invention
上述附图中的图示标号为：The symbols in the above figures are:
1. 显示屏，2. 渐变矩形针孔阵列，3.矩形图像元。1. Display screen, 2. Gradient rectangular pinhole array, 3. Rectangular image element.
应该理解上述附图只是示意性的，并没有按比例绘制。It should be understood that the above drawings are schematic only and are not drawn to scale.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细说明利用本实用新型的一个典型实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步的具体描述。有必要在此指出的是，以下实施例只用于本实用新型做进一步的说明，不能理解为对本实用新型保护范围的限制，该领域技术熟练人员根据上述本实用新型内容对本实用新型做出一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本实用新型的保护范围。A typical embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail below, and the present utility model is further described in detail. It is necessary to point out here that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present utility model, and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art make some improvements to the present utility model according to the above-mentioned contents of the present utility model. Non-essential improvements and adjustments still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本实用新型提出基于渐变矩形针孔阵列的集成成像3D显示装置，如附图1和2所示，其特征在于，包括显示屏和渐变矩形针孔阵列；显示屏用于显示渐变节距矩形微图像阵列；渐变矩形针孔阵列平行放置在显示屏前方；渐变矩形针孔阵列的水平和垂直中轴线与显示屏的水平和垂直中轴线都分别对应对齐；渐变矩形针孔阵列的水平宽度等于显示屏的水平宽度；渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度等于显示屏的垂直宽度；如附图3和4所示，在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，任意一列的矩形针孔的水平节距相同，任意一行的矩形针孔的垂直节距相同，且矩形针孔阵列的水平节距和垂直节距从中心到边缘逐渐增大；位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距与垂直节距的比值等于渐变矩形针孔阵列的水平宽度与垂直宽度的比值；在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，任意一列的矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度相同，任意一行的矩形针孔的垂直孔径宽度相同，且矩形针孔阵列的水平孔径宽度和垂直孔径宽度从中心到边缘逐渐增大；在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，所有矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值均相同，所有矩形针孔的垂直节距与垂直孔径宽度的比值均相同；在渐变节距矩形微图像阵列中，矩形图像元的水平节距与其对应矩形针孔的水平节距相同，矩形图像元的垂直节距与其对应矩形针孔的垂直节距相同。The utility model proposes an integrated imaging 3D display device based on a gradient rectangular pinhole array, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which is characterized in that it includes a display screen and a gradient rectangular pinhole array; Image array; the gradient rectangular pinhole array is placed in parallel in front of the display screen; the horizontal and vertical central axes of the gradient rectangular pinhole array are aligned with the horizontal and vertical central axes of the display screen respectively; the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array is equal to the display screen. The horizontal width of the screen; the vertical width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array is equal to the vertical width of the display screen; as shown in Figures 3 and 4, in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes in any column is the same, and any The vertical pitch of the rectangular pinholes in a row is the same, and the horizontal pitch and vertical pitch of the rectangular pinhole array gradually increase from the center to the edge; The ratio of the pitch is equal to the ratio of the horizontal width to the vertical width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array; in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the horizontal aperture width of the rectangular pinholes in any column is the same, and the vertical aperture width of the rectangular pinholes in any row is the same. , and the horizontal and vertical aperture widths of the rectangular pinhole array gradually increase from the center to the edge; in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the horizontal aperture width of all rectangular pinholes is the same, and the The ratio of the vertical pitch of the holes to the width of the vertical aperture is the same; in the gradient-pitch rectangular micro-image array, the horizontal pitch of the rectangular picture element is the same as that of the corresponding rectangular pinhole, and the vertical pitch of the rectangular picture element is the same as that of the corresponding rectangular pinhole. The vertical pitches of the corresponding rectangular pinholes are the same.
优选的，在渐变矩形针孔阵列中，任意矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度与垂直孔径宽度的比值均等于该矩形针孔的水平节距与垂直节距的比值。Preferably, in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the ratio of the horizontal aperture width to the vertical aperture width of any rectangular pinhole is equal to the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the vertical pitch of the rectangular pinhole.
优选的，渐变矩形针孔阵列中第i列矩形针孔的水平节距H i 和水平孔径宽度S i 、第j行矩形针孔的垂直节距V j 和垂直孔径宽度T j 由下式计算得到Preferably, in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, the horizontal pitch H i and horizontal aperture width S i of the i -th column of rectangular pinholes, and the vertical pitch V j and vertical aperture width T j of the j -th row of rectangular pinholes are calculated by the following formulas get
其中，p是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距，m是渐变矩形针孔阵列中水平方向上矩形针孔的数目，l是观看距离，g是显示屏与渐变矩形针孔阵列的间距，a是渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度与水平宽度的比值，b是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值，i是小于或等于m的正整数，j是小于或等于m的正整数。Where, p is the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, m is the number of rectangular pinholes in the horizontal direction in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, l is the viewing distance, and g is the display screen and the gradient rectangle The pitch of the pinhole array, a is the ratio of the vertical width to the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, b is the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the horizontal aperture width of the rectangular pinhole located at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, i is less than or a positive integer equal to m , j is a positive integer less than or equal to m .
优选的，集成成像3D显示的水平观看视角θ 1、垂直观看视角θ 2、水平分辨率R 1、垂直分辨率R 2、水平光学效率φ 1和垂直光学效率φ 2分别为：Preferably, the horizontal viewing angle θ 1 , the vertical viewing angle θ 2 , the horizontal resolution R 1 , the vertical resolution R 2 , the horizontal optical efficiency φ 1 and the vertical optical efficiency φ 2 of the integrated imaging 3D display are respectively:
其中，p是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距，m是渐变矩形针孔阵列中水平方向上矩形针孔的数目，l是观看距离，g是显示屏与渐变矩形针孔阵列的间距，a是渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度与水平宽度的比值，b是位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值。Where, p is the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, m is the number of rectangular pinholes in the horizontal direction in the gradient rectangular pinhole array, l is the viewing distance, and g is the display screen and the gradient rectangle The pitch of the pinhole array, a is the ratio of the vertical width to the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array, and b is the ratio of the horizontal pitch to the horizontal aperture width of the rectangular pinhole located at the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array.
优选的，矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度与水平节距的比值在10%到20%之间最为合适，矩形针孔的垂直孔径宽度与垂直节距的比值在10%到20%之间最为合适。Preferably, the ratio of the horizontal aperture width to the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinhole is most suitable between 10% and 20%, and the ratio of the vertical aperture width to the vertical pitch of the rectangular pinhole is most suitable between 10% and 20%. .
渐变矩形针孔阵列的垂直宽度与水平宽度的比值为a=0.75，位于渐变矩形针孔阵列中心位置的矩形针孔的水平节距为p=10mm，渐变矩形针孔阵列中矩形针孔的水平节距与水平孔径宽度的比值为b=5，观看距离为l=115mm，显示屏与渐变矩形针孔阵列的间距为g=10mm，渐变矩形针孔阵列中水平方向上矩形针孔的数目为m=3。根据式（1）、（2）、（3）和（4）得到，第1~3列矩形针孔的水平节距分别为12mm、10mm、12mm，第1~3行矩形针孔的垂直节距分别为9mm、7.5mm、9mm，第1~3列矩形针孔的水平孔径宽度分别为2.4mm、2mm、2.4mm，第1~3行矩形针孔的垂直孔径宽度分别为1.8mm、1.5mm、1.8mm；根据式（5）、（6）、（7）和（8）得到，本实用新型所述的集成成像3D显示的水平观看视角、垂直观看视角、水平分辨率、垂直分辨率、水平光学效率和垂直光学效率分别为44°、34°、3、3、20%和20%。The ratio of the vertical width to the horizontal width of the gradient rectangular pinhole array is a = 0.75, the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes located in the center of the gradient rectangular pinhole array is p = 10mm, and the horizontal pitch of the rectangular pinholes in the gradient rectangular pinhole array is The ratio of pitch to horizontal aperture width is b = 5, the viewing distance is l = 115mm, the distance between the display screen and the gradient rectangular pinhole array is g = 10mm, and the number of rectangular pinholes in the horizontal direction in the gradient rectangular pinhole array is m =3. According to formulas (1), (2), (3) and (4), the horizontal pitches of the rectangular pinholes in the 1st to 3rd columns are 12mm, 10mm and 12mm respectively, and the vertical pitches of the 1st to 3rd rows of rectangular pinholes are respectively 12mm, 10mm and 12mm. The distances are 9mm, 7.5mm, and 9mm, respectively. The horizontal aperture widths of the rectangular pinholes in the 1st to 3rd columns are 2.4mm, 2mm, and 2.4mm, respectively. The vertical aperture widths of the 1st to 3rd rows of rectangular pinholes are 1.8mm and 1.5mm respectively. mm, 1.8mm; obtained according to formulas (5), (6), (7) and (8), the horizontal viewing angle, vertical viewing angle, horizontal resolution, and vertical resolution of the integrated imaging 3D display of the present invention , the horizontal optical efficiency and the vertical optical efficiency are 44°, 34°, 3, 3, 20% and 20%, respectively.
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