CN210601046U

CN210601046U - Explosion-proof double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank

Info

Publication number: CN210601046U
Application number: CN201921715692.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈晓波; 徐佳颖; 张振武; 章雪凝; 张超; 张建法; 刘海峰
Original assignee: East China University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: East China University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-10-14
Filing date: 2019-10-14
Publication date: 2020-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2029-10-14

Abstract

The utility model relates to an explosion-proof double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the tank body of which consists of an inner tank and an outer tank, and the inner tank and the outer tank are connected into a whole through a tank seat; an explosion suppressant is filled in an interlayer between the inner tank and the outer tank, and the interlayer is provided with an explosion suppressant inlet and an explosion suppressant outlet; the inner tank is connected with the outer tank through a pipeline and communicated to the outside of the tank, and the pipeline is isolated from the interlayer. The method is mainly used for storing high-pressure hydrogen. The utility model can effectively prevent the high pressure hydrogen gas from spontaneous combustion and inhibit gas cloud explosion due to accidental leakage; and the structure is simple, and the economic advantage is obvious.

Description

Explosion-proof double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydrogen safety utilizes, concretely relates to explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank.

Background

With the over-exploitation and utilization of traditional fossil energy (petroleum and coal), reserves thereof are increasingly exhausted, and a series of serious environmental, ecological and social problems are caused. And the development and utilization of new alternative energy sources are important measures for solving the problems. Hydrogen is praised as an energy source in the future due to its characteristics of cleanliness (the reaction product is only water) and high efficiency. However, the safety of hydrogen utilization has been one of the major bottlenecks that restrict the development of hydrogen energy industry.

Hydrogen storage safety is a central issue throughout the various stages of hydrogen utilization, including production, storage, transportation and use. Domestic and foreign research shows that high-pressure hydrogen storage is the optimal choice from the viewpoint of economic benefit and energy utilization. However, since hydrogen has dangerous characteristics such as wide combustion limit, low ignition energy, fast flame propagation speed, hydrogen embrittlement, etc., once accidental leakage of high-pressure hydrogen occurs, fire and explosion accidents may be caused. In particular, a high pressure hydrogen leak can self-ignite and form a strong jet flame, even causing an explosion of the gas cloud, without the action of any external ignition source.

The existing storage tank structure is also mainly divided into a single-layer structure and a double-layer structure. Wherein, the single-layer structure is more widely used because of simple manufacture and low price. The double-layer structure storage tank mainly utilizes an interlayer (vacuumized or filled with materials) to realize the functions of heat preservation and heat insulation. Therefore, the urgent need of safely storing high-pressure hydrogen cannot be met no matter the structure is a single-layer or double-layer storage tank, and particularly, the accident of accidental leakage and explosion of the high-pressure hydrogen which may happen cannot be effectively controlled.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to solve the problems of the prior art, the utility model provides a double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank which can effectively prevent the high-pressure hydrogen from leaking spontaneous combustion and inhibiting the gas cloud explosion.

The technical scheme of the utility model as follows:

the utility model provides an explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank, the storage tank including the jar body with set up in the tank seat of the jar body, the jar body have be used for holding high pressure hydrogen the inner tank and with the inner tank form interbedded outer jar, the intermediate layer intussuseption be filled with explosion suppression agent, explosion suppression agent can be for water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas or other explosion suppression agent, preferred liquid water, compressed nitrogen gas, liquid nitrogen gas, compressed carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide, or other explosion suppression agent, outer jar be provided with explosion suppression agent import and explosion suppression agent export, the inner tank set up and be connected with outer jar and lead to the hydrogen exit outside the jar.

Preferably, the inner tank and the outer tank are connected through the tank seat.

Preferably, the tank body is a steel tank body, a glass fiber reinforced plastic tank body, a carbon fiber tank body or a high polymer material tank body.

Preferably, the tank body is a vertical cylindrical tank body, a horizontal cylindrical tank body or a spherical tank body.

Preferably, the hydrogen inlet and outlet are isolated from the interlayer.

The technical effects of the utility model are as follows:

the utility model discloses a storage tank specially adapted high pressure hydrogen takes explosion suppression agents such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas to fill the storage tank intermediate layer for the first time. On the one hand, the hydrogen gas is strongly diffusible and may cause hydrogen embrittlement damage to the tank material, and on the other hand, the hydrogen gas tank may be damaged by accidental bumping, dropping or squeezing, which may cause leakage of the stored high-pressure hydrogen gas. When the inner tank is leaked, the hydrogen can be mixed with the filling materials (liquid water, compressed or liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other explosion suppressants) in the interlayer to form an inerted gas mixture, so that the explosion risk is obviously reduced. If the outer tank is subsequently also ruptured and leaks, the high-pressure gas mixture will not spontaneously ignite by leakage, significantly reducing the immediate hazard of a leakage event.

When the inner tank and the outer tank are damaged simultaneously and cause high-pressure hydrogen to leak, the filling materials (liquid water, compressed or liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other explosion suppressants) in the interlayer can leak together with the hydrogen, and the high-pressure hydrogen is prevented from leaking and spontaneously combusting through the double effects of physical inhibition and chemical kinetic inhibition.

The hydrogen leaked to the outside of the storage tank can obviously reduce the occurrence probability and destructive power of gas cloud explosion due to the physical and chemical explosion suppression effects of the media because of the mixed water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or other explosion suppressants.

In the storage tank filled with the explosion suppressant in the interlayer provided by the utility model, the explosion suppressant such as water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen can greatly reduce the occurrence probability by improving the initial pressure condition required by spontaneous combustion due to leakage; on the other hand, the overpressure generated by the gas cloud explosion can be obviously reduced, so that the destructive power of the explosion can be effectively weakened.

Therefore, the storage tank provided by the utility model can effectively prevent the spontaneous combustion caused by the accidental leakage of the high-pressure hydrogen and inhibit the explosion of gas cloud; and the structure is simple, and the economic advantage is obvious.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the horizontal cylindrical storage tank provided by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the vertical cylindrical storage tank provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the spherical storage tank provided by the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures are:

1-outer pot

2-inner pot

3-sandwich

4-hydrogen inlet and outlet

5-explosion suppressant inlet

6-explosion suppressant outlet

7-tank base

Detailed Description

In order to clearly describe the technical content of the present invention, the following further description is made in conjunction with specific embodiments.

FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic views of a horizontal cylindrical storage tank, a vertical cylindrical storage tank and a spherical storage tank, respectively. The tank body is of a double-layer structure and consists of an inner tank 2 and an outer tank 1, and the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 1 are connected into a whole through a tank seat 7; an interlayer 3 is formed between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 1, an explosion suppressant is filled in the interlayer 3, the explosion suppressant is preferably liquid water, compressed nitrogen, liquid nitrogen, compressed carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide or other explosion suppressants, and the outer tank 1 is provided with an explosion suppressant inlet 5 and an explosion suppressant outlet 6 for filling or discharging explosion suppressant filler into the interlayer 3; the inner tank 2 is provided with a hydrogen inlet and outlet 4 which is connected with the outer tank 1 and communicated to the outside of the tank, wherein the pipeline of the hydrogen inlet and outlet 4 is isolated from the interlayer 3.

The filler in the interlayer of the storage tank is water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or other explosion suppressant. Besides the gaseous inhibition effect, the liquid carbon dioxide and the nitrogen have the self low-temperature and phase-change heat absorption effect, so that the gas and environment temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen leakage process can be greatly reduced, and the high-pressure hydrogen leakage spontaneous combustion and the gas cloud explosion can be effectively prevented.

The parts of the utility model not elaborated on all belong to the known technology in the field, and no longer describe herein, and do not influence the implementation and complete implementation of the technical solution of the utility model.

The invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank, its characterized in that, the storage tank include the jar body with set up in the tank seat of the jar body, the jar body have be used for holding high pressure hydrogen the inner tank and with the inner tank form interbedded outer jar, the intermediate layer intussuseption be filled with explosion suppression agent, outer jar be provided with explosion suppression agent import and explosion suppression agent export, the inner tank set up and be connected and lead to the hydrogen import and export outside the jar with outer jar.

2. The explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, characterized in that: the inner tank and the outer tank are connected through the tank seat.

3. The explosion-proof double-deck high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the tank body is a vertical cylindrical tank body, a horizontal cylindrical tank body or a spherical tank body.

4. The explosion-proof double-deck high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the tank body is a steel tank body, a glass fiber reinforced plastic tank body, a carbon fiber tank body or a high polymer material tank body.

5. The explosion-proof double-deck high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen inlet and outlet are arranged to be isolated from the interlayer.