CN210565785U

CN210565785U - High-speed rolling bearing

Info

Publication number: CN210565785U
Application number: CN201920602078.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李波
Original assignee: SHANDONG MACHINERY DESIGN INST
Current assignee: SHANDONG MACHINERY DESIGN INST
Priority date: 2019-04-29
Filing date: 2019-04-29
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-29

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-speed antifriction bearing, its structure includes: the bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and a rolling body, wherein a boron nitride layer is arranged on a contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body. The boron nitride layer is arranged on the contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body, so that the rolling body can play a role in lubrication without being coated with lubricating oil or lubricating grease. When the high-speed rolling bearing is used, some boron nitride powder is ground out in the friction process of the boron nitride layer arranged on the contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body, and the boron nitride powder enters the bearing channel to play a self-lubricating role. The embodiment of the utility model provides a high-speed antifriction bearing need not to scribble lubricating oil or lubricating grease, and can use under the oilless environment, such as environment such as vacuum, medicine, sputtering, aerospace, liquid nitrogen pump; meanwhile, the paint can be used in the environment with the temperature higher than 530 ℃ and low temperature (such as below 196 ℃ below zero); moreover, the high-speed rolling bearing is also rust-proof and corrosion-resistant.

Description

High-speed rolling bearing

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a antifriction bearing field especially relates to a high-speed antifriction bearing.

Background

A rolling bearing is a precise mechanical element that reduces friction loss by changing sliding friction between a running shaft and a shaft seat into rolling friction. The high-speed rolling bearing generally includes a cage in addition to the inner ring, the outer ring, and the rolling elements. The inner ring is matched with the shaft and rotates or is static together with the shaft; the outer ring is matched with the bearing seat to play a supporting role, or the bearing seat and the outer ring rotate together or are static; the rolling bodies are uniformly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring by means of the retainers, and the shape, size and number of the rolling bodies directly influence the service performance and service life of the rolling bearing; the retainer can ensure that the rolling bodies are uniformly distributed and avoid mutual friction among the rolling bodies.

In the existing high-speed rolling bearing, for example, a deep groove ball bearing is used, an inner ring of the existing high-speed rolling bearing is provided with an outer channel, an outer ring of the existing high-speed rolling bearing is provided with an inner channel, and rolling bodies are arranged between the channels of the inner ring and the outer ring. The different types of retainers differ somewhat and a wave-shaped stamped retainer is generally used. The wavy stamping retainer generally comprises two wavy circular rings with the same number of semi-spherical surfaces with the same radius, a retainer beam is arranged between every two adjacent semi-spherical surfaces, and a rivet hole is formed in the retainer beam. During assembly, the hemispherical surfaces of the two wave-shaped circular rings are arranged oppositely one by one to form a plurality of pockets for limiting the motion of the rolling bodies, and the two wave-shaped circular rings are riveted through rivet holes and rivets.

Because friction exists between the rolling body and the retainer, between the rolling body and the inner ring outer channel and between the rolling body and the outer ring inner channel in the rotating process of the rolling body, in order to reduce the friction and prolong the service life, lubricating oil or lubricating grease is generally coated on the rolling body. On one hand, however, some high-speed rolling bearings must be used in oil-free environments, such as vacuum, medical, sputtering, aerospace, liquid nitrogen pump, and the like; on the other hand, when the ambient temperature is sufficiently high or low, the lubricating oil or grease tends to evaporate or to coke or freeze, thereby losing its lubricating effect.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem that exists among the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides a high-speed antifriction bearing.

An embodiment of the utility model provides a high-speed antifriction bearing, include: the bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling body and a retainer, wherein a boron nitride layer is arranged on a contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body.

Preferably, a transition layer is further disposed between the retainer and the boron nitride layer.

Preferably, the transition layer comprises a chromium layer and a tungsten carbide layer which are arranged in sequence.

Preferably, the thickness of the boron nitride layer is 0.5-50 μm.

Preferably, the thickness of the chromium layer is 0.1-0.4 μm.

Preferably, the thickness of the tungsten carbide layer is 0.1-0.3 μm.

Preferably, the radial initial clearance of the high-speed rolling bearing is 1.5-5 times of the corresponding national standard 0 group radial clearance of the same type.

Preferably, the curvature radius of the outer channel of the inner ring is the same as that of the inner channel of the outer ring, and the ratio of the curvature radius to the radius of the rolling element is between 1.001 and 1.03.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a pair of high-speed antifriction bearing, its structure includes: the bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and a rolling body, wherein a boron nitride layer is arranged on a contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body. The boron nitride layer is arranged on the contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body, so that the rolling body can play a role in lubrication without being coated with lubricating oil or lubricating grease. When the high-speed rolling bearing is used, some boron nitride powder is ground out in the friction process of the boron nitride layer arranged on the contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body, and the boron nitride powder enters the bearing channel to play a self-lubricating role. The embodiment of the utility model provides a high-speed antifriction bearing need not to scribble lubricating oil or lubricating grease, and can use under the oilless environment, such as environment such as vacuum, medicine sputtering, aerospace, liquid nitrogen pump; meanwhile, the paint can be used in the environment with the temperature higher than 530 ℃ and low temperature (such as below 196 ℃ below zero); moreover, the high-speed rolling bearing is also rust-proof and corrosion-resistant.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a deep groove ball bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a deep groove ball bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of I in FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a near curvature of an outer ring and a rolling element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the utility model provides a pair of high-speed antifriction bearing, including inner circle, outer lane, keep ware and rolling element, keep the ware on be provided with the boron nitride layer with the contact surface of rolling element. The utility model provides a high-speed antifriction bearing's type includes: deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, needle roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, double row angular contact ball bearings, double row deep groove ball bearings, single row angular contact ball bearings, thrust ball bearings, and thrust roller bearings. In the specific implementation process, the positions and the structures of the contact surfaces of the retainers and the rolling bodies of different types of high-speed rolling bearings are slightly different.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the boron nitride layer is disposed on the contact surface of the retainer and the rolling element, so that the rolling element can perform a lubricating function without applying lubricating oil or grease. When the high-speed rolling bearing is used, some boron nitride powder is ground out in the friction process of the boron nitride layer arranged on the contact surface of the retainer and the rolling body, and the boron nitride powder enters the bearing channel to play a self-lubricating role. The embodiment of the utility model provides a high-speed antifriction bearing need not to scribble lubricating oil or lubricating grease, and can use under the oilless environment, such as environment such as vacuum, medicine, sputtering, aerospace, liquid nitrogen pump; meanwhile, the paint can be used in the environment with the temperature higher than 530 ℃ and low temperature (such as below 196 ℃ below zero); moreover, the high-speed rolling bearing is also rust-proof and corrosion-resistant.

In one possible embodiment, in order to increase the adhesion and the high temperature and low temperature resistance of the boron nitride layer on the holder, a transition layer may be provided between the holder and the boron nitride layer. In a specific implementation process, the transition layer may be a chromium layer and a tungsten carbide layer sequentially disposed. Of course, in the specific implementation process, other materials capable of improving the adhesion of the boron nitride layer on the holder and resisting high temperature and low temperature may also be used as the transition layer, such as one or more of nickel, tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconium oxide, and the like.

Furthermore, the thickness of the boron nitride layer can be 0.5-50 μm, the thickness of the chromium layer is 0.1-0.4 μm, and the thickness of the tungsten carbide layer is 0.1-0.3 μm.

For a clearer description of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, a deep groove ball bearing is taken as an example for detailed description. As shown in fig. 1-4, the deep groove ball bearing according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an outer ring 1, a retainer 2, rolling elements 3, and an inner ring 4, where the inner ring 4 is provided with an outer channel 41, the outer ring 1 is provided with an inner channel 11, and the inner channel 11 and the outer channel 41 have the same radius of curvature. The rolling elements 3 are interposed between the outer channels 41 of the inner ring 4 and the inner channels 11 of the outer ring 1.

In this embodiment, taking a wave-shaped stamped retainer as an example, the retainer includes two wave-shaped rings with the same number of hemispherical surfaces 21, a retainer beam 22 is disposed between two adjacent hemispherical surfaces 21, and a rivet hole is disposed on the retainer beam 22. During assembly, the hemispherical surfaces 21 of the two circular rings are arranged oppositely one by one to form a plurality of pockets for limiting the movement of the rolling bodies 3, the rolling bodies 3 are arranged in each pocket and supported between the outer channel 41 of the inner ring and the inner channel 11 of the outer ring, and the two wavy circular rings are riveted through rivet holes (not marked in the figure) and rivets 5.

In the concrete implementation process, the outer ring 1, the rolling bodies 3 and the inner ring 4 can be made of Cr14Mo4 material, Cr14Mo4 is high-temperature corrosion-resistant material, the high-temperature corrosion-resistant material has quite high thermal strength in a high-temperature state, and the thermal performance curve of the high-temperature corrosion-resistant material is analyzed to find that the high-temperature corrosion-resistant material has strong heat under a long-time state at 540 DEG CThe degree reaches 1710MPa, and the impact toughness is 10J/cm²It is suitable for manufacturing high-temperature bearings with temperature resistance of 530 ℃. Of course, in the specific implementation process, in the environment with the use temperature of the bearing lower than 530 ℃, the outer ring 1, the rolling bodies 3 and the inner ring 4 can be made of one or a combination of materials of 9Cr18Mo, 30Cr13, 20Cr13, 10Cr13 and W18Cr4V according to the actual temperature.

The retainer can be made of 304 stainless steel, and the 304 stainless steel also belongs to a high-temperature resistant material and is suitable for manufacturing the retainer. In the present embodiment, the inner side of the hemispherical surface 21 is a contact surface with the rolling elements 3. As shown in fig. 3, all the inner sides of the hemispherical surfaces 21 of the retainer are provided with a boron nitride layer 211. Boron nitride can keep stable physical and chemical properties at high temperature (above 1000 ℃) and has lubricating property. In this embodiment, deep groove ball bearing is provided with the retainer on the boron nitride layer when rotating, guarantees to have certain fixed distance between all rolling elements on the one hand, and on the other hand, in the relative motion in-process of rolling element and retainer, some boron nitride powder are ground out to the boron nitride layer that the inboard hemisphere face 21 of retainer inboard set up and rolling element 3's friction in-process, and the boron nitride powder gets into the bearing channel, plays self-lubricating effect, has solved the lubrication problem of deep groove ball bearing under high temperature, low temperature and the oilless operating mode.

In the present embodiment, the thickness of the boron nitride layer may be 0.5 to 50 μm, preferably 30 μm. In the specific implementation process, the thickness of the boron nitride layer can be determined according to the service environment of the deep groove ball bearing, the rotating speed is high, the required service life is long, the upper limit is selected, and the lower limit is selected otherwise. In the specific implementation process, when the thickness of the boron nitride layer is 15 microns, the service life of the deep groove ball bearing can reach 5000 hours; when the thickness of the boron nitride layer is 30 μm, the life of the deep groove ball bearing can reach 10000 hours.

In a specific implementation, a transition layer 212 may be disposed between the inner side of the hemispherical surface 21 of the retainer and the boron nitride layer 211. In one possible embodiment, the transition layer 212 may be a chromium layer and a tungsten carbide layer sequentially disposed, i.e., a chromium layer, a tungsten carbide layer, and a boron nitride layer sequentially disposed inside the hemispherical surface 21 of the holder. The chromium layer and the tungsten carbide layer are used as transition layers, so that the adhesion and the high-temperature resistance of the boron nitride layer are improved. In the specific implementation process, the thickness of the chromium layer can be 0.1-0.4 μm, and the thickness of the tungsten carbide layer is 0.1-0.3 μm.

In a specific implementation process, the curvature radius of the inner ring outer channel is the same as that of the outer ring inner channel. As shown in fig. 4, the present invention proposes a near curvature structure, namely: the ratio of the curvature radius R2 of the curved surface of the inner race of the outer race (curvature radius of the curved surface of the outer race of the inner race) to the radius R1 of the rolling element is set to 1.001-1.03, wherein the bearing which has high service temperature (such as close to 530 ℃), long service life (such as 10000 hours) and low service speed (such as 20000 rpm or less) is preferably selected, the ratio of the curvature of the bearing is preferably 1.001-1.01, and conversely, the upper limit is selected (1.01-1.03). The rolling element bearing has the advantages that the structure with the approximate curvature is used, the inner ring channel and the outer ring channel are opened when being heated, so that the rolling elements cannot be clamped, the contact strength of the rolling elements and the inner ring channel and the outer ring channel is effectively improved, the effective lubricating area and the bearing capacity are increased, and the running stability of the bearing is improved.

In a possible embodiment, in order to match the high temperature resistance and the expansion and contraction effect of the deep groove ball bearing, the radial initial clearance can be set to be 1.5-5 times of the corresponding national standard 0 group radial clearance of the same type. When the conventional bearing works, because the temperature does not change or hardly changes, the clearance of the conventional bearing is hardly changed in the working process, and a reasonable clearance value is kept, so that the radial clearance of the conventional bearing generally adopts the national standard 0 group of radial clearances. The embodiment of the utility model provides an in high-speed antifriction bearing's application environment includes high temperature environment, and whole bearing can take place the heat expansion under the environment of being heated, eliminates partly clearance, if radial initial play still adopts the 0 group radial play of national standard, so under high temperature state, will certainly eliminate initial clearance because the heat expansion, and the bearing card dies can not normal work. The purpose that the radial initial clearance is set to be 1.5-5 times of the corresponding national standard 0 group radial clearance of the same type is to still keep the same clearance as that of a conventional bearing under the rated high-temperature environment so as not to block the bearing, in the specific implementation process, the use temperature is high (such as close to 530 ℃), the use rotating speed is low (such as not more than 2000 revolutions per minute), the upper limit is selected, 3-5 times is preferentially selected, and otherwise, the lower limit is selected, 1.5-3 times is preferentially selected. Use the internal diameter of bearing to be greater than 2.5 ~ 6 mm's deep groove ball bearing as the example, 0 group's radial play in the national standard is 2 ~ 13 mu m, the embodiment of the utility model provides a radial initial play can set up to 3 ~ 65 mu m. In the embodiment of the present invention, the axial play generally maintains a certain national standard relationship with the radial play according to the conventional method.

In the deep groove ball bearing in the embodiment, the boron nitride layers are arranged on the inner sides of all the hemispherical surfaces of the retainer, so that in the relative motion process of the rolling body and the retainer, some boron nitride powder is ground out in the friction process of the boron nitride layers arranged on the inner sides of the hemispherical surfaces of the retainer and the rolling body, the boron nitride powder enters a bearing channel to play a lubricating role, and the lubricating problem of the high-speed rolling bearing under the working conditions of high temperature, low temperature and no oil is solved. The deep groove ball bearing in the embodiment can be used for a long time in a high-temperature environment with the temperature of 530 ℃ or in a low-temperature environment with the temperature of 196 ℃ below zero, and can also ensure enough service life.

Of course, the utility model discloses still be applicable to cylindrical roller bearing, tapered roller bearing, self-aligning ball bearing, self-aligning roller bearing, double row angular contact ball bearing, double row deep groove ball bearing, single row angular contact ball bearing, thrust ball bearing and thrust roller bearing. In the specific implementation process, the problem of lubrication under high-temperature, low-temperature and oil-free working conditions can be solved by arranging a boron nitride layer on the contact surface of the retainer of the high-speed rolling bearing with the rolling body. In order to increase the adhesion and the high temperature and low temperature resistance of the boron nitride layer on the holder, a transition layer may also be provided between the holder and the boron nitride layer. And will not be described in detail herein.

Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a manufacturing method of a high speed rolling bearing, including:

the method comprises the following steps: and manufacturing an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling body and a retainer which are matched with each other.

In the specific implementation process, the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling bodies and the retainer which are matched with each other can be manufactured by adopting a conventional method. Taking a deep groove ball bearing as an example, the retainer can be manufactured in a stamping mode, and the specific process flow of the wave-shaped stamped retainer is as follows: 1. preparing materials: and determining the width of the strip material according to the blank size and the stock layout mode calculated by the process, and only manufacturing the strip material. 2. Cutting rings: and blanking on a press by means of a blanking and punching compound die to manufacture a ring blank. 3. Forming: the annular blank is made into a wave shape on a press by a forming die, and preparation is made for shaping and punching. 4. Shaping: shaping in a press by means of a shaping die to obtain the desired geometry. 5. Punching rivet holes: the holder beam is punched with an aliquot hole for rivet attachment by means of a punching die and a press. 6. Cleaning: cleaning up burrs, sundries and the like on the workpiece. 7. Acid washing: and removing oil and rust on the workpiece. 8. Polishing: and polishing the inner side of the hemispherical surface of the retainer to meet the requirement of surface roughness.

Further, in order to make the embodiment of the present invention provide a high-speed rolling bearing resistant to high temperature and low temperature, in the specific implementation process, the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling element are subjected to cold and hot treatment, and the specific cold and hot treatment method is: after the quenching step, tempering treatment at a tempering temperature of 530 ℃ or higher and cooling treatment at-100 ℃ are sequentially performed. In the specific implementation process, the tempering treatment with the tempering temperature of more than 530 ℃ can be implemented for 1-3 times in 2-4 hours each time, and after the tempering treatment, the cold treatment is performed, wherein the cold treatment can be implemented for 1-4 times in 1-2 hours each time, so as to completely eliminate the residual austenite as far as possible. In the embodiment of the present invention, the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling element, and the cage that are matched with each other refer to the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling element, and the cage that are all matched with each other in terms of material, size, and the like. For a high-speed rolling bearing used in a high-temperature environment, an outer channel (an inner channel of an outer ring) of an inner ring and a rolling body need to ensure proper radial clearance, and the radial initial clearance can be set to be 1.5-5 times of national standard 0 group radial clearance corresponding to the same type.

Step two: a boron nitride layer is formed on the retainer at the contact surface with the rolling elements.

Taking the deep groove ball bearing as an example, in this step, a boron nitride layer is prepared on the inner side of the hemispherical surface of the deep groove ball bearing retainer. In order to ensure good adhesion of the boron nitride layer, pretreatment is required before coating the inner side of the hemispherical surface of the retainer, and the workpiece is subjected to surface treatment, oil stain cleaning, cleaning and drying. In a specific implementation, the retainer may be surface treated with a reagent such as acetone or ethanol.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the keeper beam can be shielded or not before coating. When shielding the retainer beam, only the inner side of the hemispherical surface of the retainer may be coated.

In the specific implementation process, the method for preparing the boron nitride layer is various, and magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, chemical vapor deposition and the like can be adopted.

Taking the magnetron sputtering method for preparing the boron nitride layer as an example, the boron nitride layer can be sputtered to the inner sides of all the hemispherical surfaces of the holder by means of a magnetron sputtering coater.

In a possible embodiment, in order to increase the adhesion and the high temperature resistance of the boron nitride layer, before preparing the boron nitride layer on the inner side of all the hemispherical surfaces of the retainer, the method further comprises the following steps: and sequentially preparing a chromium layer and a tungsten carbide layer on the inner side of each hemispherical surface. Namely, chromium and tungsten carbide are sputtered on the inner sides of all hemispherical surfaces in sequence, and then boron nitride is sputtered.

In one possible embodiment, the holder is placed in a magnetron sputtering coater, the inside of the coater is heated to a temperature of 400 to 800 ℃ and an argon pressure of 0.3 to 0.6Pa, at a coating rate of

Sputtering chromium to a set thickness; then, according to the coating rate of

Sputtering tungsten carbide to a set thickness; finally, according to the coating rate of

And sputtering the boron nitride layer to a set thickness. In the specific implementation process, the coating rate of the chromium layer is optimized

The coating rate of the tungsten carbide layer is optimized

The film coating rate of the boron nitride layer is optimized

In the specific implementation process, after the coating is finished, the sputtering quality can be checked, and the antirust liquid is coated.

Step three: and assembling the retainer with the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling body after preparing the boron nitride layer.

Taking a deep groove ball bearing as an example, before assembly, the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling body need to be demagnetized and cleaned, and the retainer is also cleaned and dried; arranging a rolling body between an outer channel of the inner ring and an inner channel of the outer ring; and (4) assembling the retainer, and riveting the two wave-shaped circular rings of the retainer through rivets.

The same and similar parts in the various embodiments in this specification may be referred to each other.

The foregoing is only a detailed description of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed rolling bearing comprising: the inner ring, the outer ring, the rolling body and the retainer are characterized in that a boron nitride layer is arranged on the retainer on a contact surface with the rolling body, a transition layer is further arranged between the retainer and the boron nitride layer, and the transition layer comprises a chromium layer and a tungsten carbide layer which are sequentially arranged.

2. The high-speed rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the boron nitride layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 50 μm.

3. A high-speed rolling bearing according to claim 1 wherein the thickness of the chromium layer is 0.1 to 0.4 μm.

4. The high-speed rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten carbide layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 μm.

5. The high-speed rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein a radial initial play of the high-speed rolling bearing is 1.5 to 5 times a national standard 0 group radial play corresponding to the same model.

6. A high-speed rolling bearing according to claim 1 wherein the outer raceway of the inner ring has the same radius of curvature as the inner raceway of the outer ring, and the ratio of the radius of curvature to the radius of the rolling elements is 1.001 to 1.03.