CN210516879U

CN210516879U - Hydrogen fuel cell and engine

Info

Publication number: CN210516879U
Application number: CN201921781038.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何杰; 张蒙阳; 吴彬; 刘青斌
Original assignee: Shenzhen Hynovation Technologies Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Hynovation Technologies Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-21
Filing date: 2019-10-21
Publication date: 2020-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 2029-10-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fuel cell field discloses a hydrogen fuel cell and engine. The output power of a first electric pile assembly, a second electric pile assembly and a third electric pile assembly in the hydrogen fuel cell is reduced in sequence; the hydrogen gas supply system can enable hydrogen gas to flow into any one of the first electric pile assembly, the second electric pile assembly and the third electric pile assembly, or enable the hydrogen gas to flow through at least two of the first electric pile assembly, the second electric pile assembly and the third electric pile assembly in sequence from large to small according to output power; the first air supply system enables air to flow into the first stack assembly; the second air supply system can enable air to flow through the second stack assembly and the third stack assembly in sequence, or enable air to flow into any one of the second stack assembly and the third stack assembly. The engine includes a hydrogen fuel cell. The output power can be increased, and any electric pile component can be operated independently.

Description

Hydrogen fuel cell and engine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field especially relates to a hydrogen fuel cell and engine.

Background

Hydrogen fuel cells rely on external fuel supply and have operating characteristics closer to those of internal combustion engines than conventional cells. Compared with the internal combustion engine, the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell can reach more than 60 percent, which is 2 to 3 times of that of the internal combustion engine. The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel, and the reaction product is water, so that polluting gases such as oxides containing carbon and nitrogen are not generated. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cell technology is finding increasingly widespread use in automotive power systems.

At present, the net output power of a domestic fuel cell engine system is mostly below 60kW, and because the single pile output power of the electric pile is limited, if the single pile output power has larger output power, the net output power is usually realized by connecting a plurality of equal low-power electric piles in series. However, this would result in a very large air demand, and the existing air compression devices have limited specifications and cannot meet the excessive air inflow. And the hydrogen is introduced into a plurality of low-power galvanic piles for reaction, and the residual hydrogen discharged by each low-power galvanic pile is collected and then flows back through a hydrogen circulating pump to enter the galvanic piles again. If the total output power is too large, the number of the electric piles required to be connected in series is too large, so that the amount of the hydrogen flowing back is very large. However, the specifications of the hydrogen circulating pump on the market are limited at present, and the requirement of overlarge flow cannot be met. Therefore, further development of a hydrogen fuel cell having a large output power is restricted.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell and an engine. Set up the galvanic pile subassembly that three power reduced in proper order among this hydrogen fuel cell, with the remaining gas of last galvanic pile subassembly flow in next galvanic pile subassembly, in order to improve gas circulation utilization ratio, the requirement to the air compressor arrangement has been reduced, and make the gas volume of backward flow reduce, the requirement to hydrogen reflux unit has been reduced, consequently, the specification at air compressor arrangement and hydrogen reflux unit is unchangeable, can suitably increase the quantity of galvanic pile subassembly under the unchangeable prerequisite of the gas volume that lets in, thereby increase output. The engine can further improve the output power.

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is:

the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a hydrogen gas supply system, a first air supply system, a second air supply system, a first electric pile assembly, a second electric pile assembly and a third electric pile assembly, wherein the output power of the first electric pile assembly, the output power of the second electric pile assembly and the output power of the third electric pile assembly are reduced in sequence;

the hydrogen gas supply system can enable hydrogen gas to flow into any one of the first stack assembly, the second stack assembly and the third stack assembly, or the hydrogen gas supply system can enable the hydrogen gas to sequentially flow through at least two of the first stack assembly, the second stack assembly and the third stack assembly from large to small according to the output power;

the first air supply system is capable of flowing air into the first stack assembly;

the second air supply system can enable air to flow through the second electric pile assembly and the third electric pile assembly in sequence, or the second air supply system can enable air to flow into any one of the second electric pile assembly and the third electric pile assembly.

As an improvement of the above technical solution, the hydrogen gas supply system includes a hydrogen gas circulation unit, and the hydrogen gas circulation unit includes a first hydrogen gas pipe, a second hydrogen gas pipe, a third hydrogen gas pipe, a fourth hydrogen gas pipe, a fifth hydrogen gas pipe, a sixth hydrogen gas pipe, a seventh hydrogen gas pipe, an eighth hydrogen gas pipe, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a first one-way valve, a second one-way valve, a third one-way valve, a first shut-off valve, a second shut-off valve, a third shut-off valve, and a hydrogen gas reflux device;

the two ends of the first hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the starting end of the hydrogen circulating part and the inlet of the first electric pile component, the two ends of the second hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the outlet of the first electric pile component and the inlet of the second electric pile component, the two ends of the third hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the outlet of the second electric pile component and the inlet of the third electric pile component, the two ends of the fourth hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the third hydrogen pipe and the first hydrogen pipe, the two ends of the fifth hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the fourth hydrogen pipe and the second hydrogen pipe, the two ends of the sixth hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the outlet of the third electric pile component and the tail end of the hydrogen circulating part, the two ends of the seventh hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the second hydrogen pipe and the sixth hydrogen pipe, and the two ends of the eighth hydrogen pipe are respectively connected with the third hydrogen pipe and the tail end of the hydrogen circulating part, The sixth hydrogen pipe is connected with the fourth hydrogen pipe;

the hydrogen gas recirculation device is arranged between the starting end of the hydrogen circulation part and the tail end of the hydrogen circulation part, and hydrogen gas flowing out from the tail end of the hydrogen circulation part can flow into the starting end of the hydrogen circulation part through the hydrogen gas recirculation device;

the first three-way valve is positioned at the joint of the fourth hydrogen pipe and the first hydrogen pipe, the second three-way valve is positioned at the joint of the second hydrogen pipe and the seventh hydrogen pipe, and the third three-way valve is positioned at the joint of the third hydrogen pipe and the eighth hydrogen pipe;

the first check valve is positioned between the joint of the fifth hydrogen pipe and the second three-way valve, the second check valve is positioned between the joint of the fourth hydrogen pipe and the third three-way valve, and the third check valve is positioned between the outlet of the third galvanic pile component and the tail end of the hydrogen circulation part;

the first shutoff valve is located on the fifth hydrogen pipe, the second shutoff valve is located between the junction of the fourth hydrogen pipe and the fifth hydrogen pipe and the junction of the fourth hydrogen pipe and the third hydrogen pipe, and the third shutoff valve is located between the junction of the fifth hydrogen pipe and the second hydrogen pipe and the inlet of the second galvanic pile component.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the hydrogen circulation system further comprises a hydrogen tank connected with the beginning end of the hydrogen circulation unit, and a gas-liquid separator is arranged between the tail end of the hydrogen circulation unit and the hydrogen reflux device.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first hydrogen pipe, the second hydrogen pipe and the third hydrogen pipe are all provided with sensors.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the second air supply system includes an air circulation portion, and the air circulation portion includes a first air pipe, a second air pipe, a third air pipe, a fourth air pipe, a fifth air pipe, a fourth three-way valve, a fifth three-way valve, a fourth one-way valve, a fifth one-way valve, and a humidifying device;

two ends of the first air pipe are respectively connected with the starting end of the air circulating part and the inlet of the second electric pile component, two ends of the second air pipe are respectively connected with the outlet of the second electric pile component and the inlet of the third electric pile component, two ends of the third air pipe are respectively connected with the first air pipe and the second air pipe, two ends of the fourth air pipe are respectively connected with the outlet of the third electric pile component and the tail end of the air circulating part, and two ends of the fifth air pipe are respectively connected with the second air pipe and the fourth air pipe;

the humidifying device is positioned between the starting end of the air circulating part and the tail end of the air circulating part, and air flowing out from the tail end of the air circulating part can flow into the starting end of the air circulating part through the humidifying device;

the fourth three-way valve is positioned at the joint of the first air pipe and the third air pipe, and the fifth three-way valve is positioned at the joint of the second air pipe and the fifth air pipe;

the fourth check valve is located between the junction of the third air pipe and the second air pipe and the fifth three-way valve, and the fifth check valve is located between the outlet of the third stack assembly and the tail end of the air circulation portion.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the humidifier further comprises an air compression device and a heat exchanger, wherein two ends of the heat exchanger are respectively connected with the humidifying device and the air compression device.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, sensors are provided on the first air tube and the second air tube.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the fuel cell system further includes a coolant pump that can cool the second stack unit, the third stack unit, and the heat exchanger by coolant.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first stack assembly includes a plurality of first stacks, the second stack assembly includes a plurality of second stacks, and the third stack assembly includes a plurality of third stacks.

An engine is also provided, comprising the hydrogen fuel cell described above.

The utility model has the advantages that: set up the galvanic pile subassembly that three power reduced in proper order among this hydrogen fuel cell, with the remaining gas of last galvanic pile subassembly flow in next galvanic pile subassembly, in order to improve gas circulation utilization ratio, the requirement to the air compressor arrangement has been reduced, and make the gas volume of backward flow reduce, the requirement to hydrogen reflux unit has been reduced, consequently, the specification at air compressor arrangement and hydrogen reflux unit is unchangeable, can suitably increase the quantity of galvanic pile subassembly under the unchangeable prerequisite of the gas volume that lets in, thereby increase output. The engine can further improve the output power.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the supply air and coolant for a hydrogen fuel cell in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydrogen fuel cell pipeline (including hydrogen gas, air and coolant) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen gas supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen circulation unit in a hydrogen supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first air supply system and a first cooling system in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a first air supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second air supply system and a second cooling system in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an air circulation portion in a second air supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of a second air supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a second cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

This section will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the attached drawings, which function is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with figures, so that each technical feature and the whole technical solution of the present invention can be understood visually and vividly, but it cannot be understood as a limitation to the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, if an orientation description is referred to, for example, the directions or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. When a feature is referred to as being "disposed," "secured," or "connected" to another feature, it can be directly disposed, secured, or connected to the other feature or be indirectly disposed, secured, or connected to the other feature.

In the description of the present invention, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "more than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "more than", "less than" or "within" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.

In addition, unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a schematic diagram of the gas supply and the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell and a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cell pipeline (including hydrogen gas, air and coolant) are respectively shown in an embodiment of the present invention. The hydrogen fuel cell in the embodiment includes a first stack assembly 1, a second stack assembly 2, and a third stack assembly 3, and the output power of the first stack assembly 1 is greater than that of the second stack assembly 2, and the output power of the second stack assembly 2 is greater than that of the third stack assembly 3. And hydrogen is supplied to the three stack assemblies through a hydrogen supply system 4. The first stack assembly 1 is supplied with air by a first air supply system 5, and the first stack assembly 1 is supplied with a coolant by a first cooling system 6. And air is supplied to the second stack assembly 2 and the third stack assembly 3 through a second air supply system 7, and cooling liquid is supplied to the second stack assembly 2 and the third stack assembly 3 through a second cooling system 8.

Referring to fig. 3 to 5, a schematic diagram of a hydrogen gas supply system, a schematic diagram of a hydrogen circulation part, and a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen gas supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention are respectively shown. In fig. 5, parts such as sensors and shut-off valves are omitted. The hydrogen gas supply system 4 includes a hydrogen circulation unit 40, a hydrogen tank 41, a pressure reducing device 42, a master switch 43, a pressure regulating valve 44, a safety valve 45, a tail valve 46, a drain line 47, a drain valve 48, a mixed discharge unit 49, a hydrogen purge pipe 410, and a hydrogen purge valve 411. The hydrogen tank 41 is connected to the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen circulation unit 40, and hydrogen gas is introduced from the hydrogen tank 41 to the hydrogen circulation unit 40. The pressure reducing device 42, the master switch 43, and the pressure regulating valve 44 are provided on a pipeline between the hydrogen tank 41 and the hydrogen circulation unit 40. The pressure reducing device 42 reduces the pressure of the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 41 to meet the pressure requirement. The pressure reducing device 42 may be a proportional control valve, but of course, may be any other device capable of adjusting the pressure. The main switch 43 can control the on-off of the hydrogen. If the pressure is too high and exceeds a predetermined value, the safety valve 45 is opened to discharge a predetermined amount of hydrogen gas to the mixing and discharging portion 49 and discharge the hydrogen gas out of the system. The safety valve 45 may be a conventional mechanical safety valve, or may be another safety pressure relief device. Hydrogen gas satisfying the pressure requirement is introduced into the hydrogen circulation portion 40 from the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen circulation portion 40. The exhaust valve 46 may be a solenoid valve or other valve capable of controlling the on/off of the exhaust line. The drain valve 48 may be a solenoid valve or other valve capable of controlling the opening and closing of the line, and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the drain line 47. The hydrogen circulation part 40 is connected with a hydrogen purging pipe 410 at the starting end, a hydrogen purging valve 411 is arranged on the hydrogen purging pipe 410, the hydrogen purging valve 411 is opened, purging gas is introduced into the hydrogen purging pipe 410, and the purging gas passes through the three stack components, so that residual reaction gas in the stack components is discharged.

The hydrogen circulation portion 40 includes a first hydrogen pipe 401, a second hydrogen pipe 402, a third hydrogen pipe 403, a fourth hydrogen pipe 404, a fifth hydrogen pipe 405, a sixth hydrogen pipe 406, a seventh hydrogen pipe 407, an eighth hydrogen pipe 408, a first three-way valve 409, a second three-way valve 4010, a third three-way valve 4011, a first one-way valve 4012, a second one-way valve 4013, a third one-way valve 4014, a first shut-off valve 4015, a second shut-off valve 4016, a third shut-off valve 4017, a first sensor 4018, a second sensor 4019, a third sensor 4020, a gas-liquid separator 4021, a hydrogen return line 4022, and a hydrogen return device 4023.

Both ends of the first hydrogen pipe 401 are connected to the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen circulation unit 40 and the inlet of the first stack module 1, respectively, both ends of the second hydrogen pipe 402 are connected to the outlet of the first stack module 1 and the inlet of the second stack module 2, respectively, and both ends of the third hydrogen pipe 403 are connected to the outlet of the second stack module 2 and the inlet of the third stack module 3, respectively. Both ends of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 are connected to the third hydrogen pipe 403 and the first hydrogen pipe 401, respectively, and both ends of the fifth hydrogen pipe 405 are connected to the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 and the second hydrogen pipe 402, respectively. Both ends of the sixth hydrogen pipe 406 are connected to the outlet of the third stack module 3 and the end 4002 of the hydrogen circulation unit 40, respectively, both ends of the seventh hydrogen pipe 407 are connected to the second hydrogen pipe 402 and the sixth hydrogen pipe 406, respectively, and both ends of the eighth hydrogen pipe 408 are connected to the third hydrogen pipe 403 and the sixth hydrogen pipe 406, respectively.

A first three-way valve 409 is located at the junction of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 and the first hydrogen pipe 401, a second three-way valve 4010 is located at the junction of the second hydrogen pipe 402 and the seventh hydrogen pipe 407, and a third three-way valve 4011 is located at the junction of the third hydrogen pipe 403 and the eighth hydrogen pipe 408. The first one-way valve 4012 is located between the junction of the fifth hydrogen pipe 405 and the second hydrogen pipe 402 and the second three-way valve 4010, the second one-way valve 4013 is located between the junction of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 and the third hydrogen pipe 403 and the third three-way valve 4011, and the third one-way valve 4014 is located between the outlet of the third stack assembly 3 and the tail end 4002 of the hydrogen circulation portion 40. The first shut-off valve 4015 is located on the fifth hydrogen pipe 405, the second shut-off valve 4016 is located between the connection of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 and the fifth hydrogen pipe 405 and the connection of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 and the third hydrogen pipe 403, and the third shut-off valve 4017 is located between the connection of the fifth hydrogen pipe 405 and the second hydrogen pipe 402 and the inlet of the second stack assembly 2.

The hydrogen gas recirculation device 4023 is provided between the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen gas circulation unit 40 and the terminal end 4002 of the hydrogen gas circulation unit 40, and the gas-liquid separator 4021 is located on the hydrogen gas recirculation line 4022 between the terminal end 4002 of the hydrogen gas circulation unit 40 and the hydrogen gas recirculation device 4023. Generally, the hydrogen reflux device 4023 may be a hydrogen circulation pump, but other devices capable of performing similar functions may be used.

A first sensor 4018 is arranged on the first hydrogen pipe 401 at an inlet close to the first galvanic pile assembly 1, a second sensor 4019 is arranged on the second hydrogen pipe 402 at an inlet close to the second galvanic pile assembly 2, and a third sensor 4020 is arranged on the third hydrogen pipe 403 at an inlet close to the third galvanic pile assembly 3. The sensors comprise a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and the like and are used for monitoring the pressure, the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen introduced into the galvanic pile assembly in real time.

Through the control of the three-way valve, the one-way valve and the shutoff valve, the independent hydrogen supply of the three galvanic piles can be realized, or the hydrogen is supplied to any two of the galvanic piles in sequence, or the hydrogen is supplied to the three galvanic piles in sequence.

If hydrogen is to be supplied to the first stack component 1, the second stack component 2 and the third stack component 3 in sequence, the first three-way valve 409 is opened towards the channel of the first stack component 1, the second three-way valve 4010 is opened towards the channel of the second stack component 2, the third three-way valve 4011 is opened towards the channel of the third stack component 3, the first shut-off valve 4015 and the second shut-off valve 4016 are both closed, and the third shut-off valve 4017 is opened. The hydrogen gas reaching the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen circulation portion 40 passes through the first three-way valve 409 and then enters the first stack assembly 1. Excess hydrogen is generally introduced according to a certain excess factor ratio, and the excess hydrogen in the first stack assembly 1 is discharged from an outlet of the first stack assembly 1, passes through a second three-way valve 4010 and a third shut-off valve 4017, and then enters the second stack assembly 2 for reaction. The residual hydrogen in the second stack assembly 2 is discharged from the outlet of the second stack assembly 2, passes through a third three-way valve 4011, and then enters a third stack assembly 3 for reaction. The hydrogen remaining in the third stack assembly 3 is discharged from the outlet of the third stack assembly 3, and enters the gas-liquid separator 4021 through the sixth hydrogen pipe 406. Since the reaction product of the hydrogen fuel cell is water, the hydrogen gas discharged after the reaction is accompanied by water, and the water and the hydrogen gas can be separated by the gas-liquid separator 4021, and after the separation, the hydrogen gas flows into the hydrogen gas recirculation device 4023 through the hydrogen gas recirculation line 4022, and reaches the start end 4001 of the hydrogen gas circulation unit 40 again through the hydrogen gas recirculation device 4023. This part of the refluxed hydrogen gas enters the hydrogen circulation unit 40 again together with new hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen tank 41. The separated water can be discharged through the drain line 47 by opening the drain valve 48. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of hydrogen flowing from the first stack assembly 1 into the second stack assembly 2 is not less than the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the second stack assembly 2, and that the amount of hydrogen flowing from the second stack assembly 2 into the third stack assembly 3 is not less than the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the third stack assembly 3. The amount of hydrogen required by each galvanic pile can be calculated, so that the amount of hydrogen introduced into the first galvanic pile component 1 is not less than the sum of the amounts of hydrogen required by the first galvanic pile component 1, the second galvanic pile component 2 and the third galvanic pile component 3.

Since the output power of the first stack assembly 1 is greater than that of the second stack assembly 2, and the output power of the second stack assembly 2 is greater than that of the third stack assembly 3, the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the first stack assembly 1 is greater than that of the second stack assembly 2, and the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the second stack assembly 2 is greater than that of the third stack assembly 3. After the reaction is finished, the residual hydrogen flows back to the beginning of the hydrogen circulation part 40 and enters the stack assembly again for reaction. Because remaining hydrogen in the first galvanic pile subassembly 1 lets in second galvanic pile subassembly 2, and remaining hydrogen in the second galvanic pile subassembly 2 lets in third galvanic pile subassembly 3 to make the cyclic utilization of hydrogen higher, the volume of the remaining hydrogen of finally following third galvanic pile subassembly 3 exhaust is less, uses the hydrogen reflux unit 4023 of less specification can satisfy the backward flow requirement. Therefore, in the case where the specification of the existing hydrogen backflow device 4023 is limited, even if the number of stack components is increased, the amount of the hydrogen gas that is refluxed is not so large that no suitable hydrogen backflow device is matched. Therefore, the number of the stack components can be increased properly without changing the specification of the hydrogen reflux device and the total amount of hydrogen flowing into the beginning of the hydrogen circulation part, so as to improve the output power of the battery.

Furthermore, it is also possible to react only two of the three stack assemblies. If hydrogen is to be supplied to the first stack assembly 1 and the second stack assembly 2, the first three-way valve 409 is opened toward the passage of the first stack assembly 1, the second three-way valve 4010 is opened toward the passage of the second stack assembly 2, the third three-way valve 4011 is opened toward the passage of the eighth hydrogen pipe 408, the first shut-off valve 4015 is closed, and the third shut-off valve 4017 is opened. The hydrogen reaching the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen circulation unit 40 passes through the first three-way valve 409 and enters the first stack assembly 1 to react. Excess hydrogen in the first stack assembly 1 is discharged from an outlet of the first stack assembly 1, passes through a second three-way valve 4010 and a third shut-off valve 4017, and then enters the second stack assembly 2. The hydrogen remaining in the second stack assembly 2 is discharged from the outlet of the second stack assembly 2 and enters the eighth hydrogen pipe 408, and then reaches the sixth hydrogen pipe 406, and then enters the gas-liquid separator 4021. Due to the presence of the third check valve 4014, the hydrogen gas reaching the sixth hydrogen pipe 406 from the eighth hydrogen pipe 408 does not flow into the third stack assembly 3 toward the right side. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of hydrogen flowing from the first stack assembly 1 into the second stack assembly 2 is not less than the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the second stack assembly 2. The amount of hydrogen needed by each galvanic pile can be calculated, so that the amount of hydrogen introduced into the first galvanic pile component 1 is not less than the sum of the amounts of hydrogen needed by the first galvanic pile component 1 and the second galvanic pile component 2.

If hydrogen is to be supplied to the first stack assembly 1 and the third stack assembly 3, the first three-way valve 409 is opened toward the passage of the first stack assembly 1, the second three-way valve 4010 is opened toward the passage of the second stack assembly 2, the third three-way valve 4011 is closed toward the passage of the eighth hydrogen pipe 408, the first shut-off valve 4015 and the second shut-off valve 4016 are both opened, and the third shut-off valve 4017 is closed. Due to the presence of the second check valve 4013, hydrogen gas reaching the third hydrogen pipe 403 from the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 does not flow into the second stack assembly 2 toward the left side. In addition, it is ensured that the amount of hydrogen flowing from the first stack assembly 1 into the third stack assembly 3 is not less than the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the third stack assembly 3. The amount of hydrogen needed by each galvanic pile can be calculated, so that the amount of hydrogen introduced into the first galvanic pile component 1 is not less than the sum of the amounts of hydrogen needed by the first galvanic pile component 1 and the third galvanic pile component 3.

If hydrogen is to be supplied to the second stack module 2 and the third stack module 3, the first three-way valve 409 is opened toward the passage of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404, the second three-way valve 4010 is closed toward the passage of the seventh hydrogen pipe 407, the third three-way valve 4011 is opened toward the passage of the third stack module 3, both the first shut-off valve 4015 and the third shut-off valve 4017 are opened, and the second shut-off valve 4016 is closed. Due to the presence of the first check valve 4012, the hydrogen gas reaching the second hydrogen gas pipe 402 from the fifth hydrogen gas pipe 405 does not flow into the first stack assembly 1 toward the left side. In addition, it is ensured that the amount of hydrogen flowing from the second stack assembly 2 into the third stack assembly 3 is not less than the amount of hydrogen required for the reaction of the third stack assembly 3. The amount of hydrogen required by each stack can be calculated so that the amount of hydrogen introduced into the second stack assembly 2 is not less than the sum of the amounts of hydrogen required by the second stack assembly 2 and the third stack assembly 3.

Similar to the above analysis, hydrogen gas sequentially passes through the two stack assemblies in the order of increasing output power, so that the hydrogen gas circulation utilization rate can be improved, and the number of the stack assemblies can be increased properly on the premise of not changing the specification of the hydrogen gas reflux device and the total amount of the hydrogen gas flowing into the initial end of the hydrogen gas circulation part, thereby improving the output power of the fuel cell.

In addition, if the output power is not required to be too high, hydrogen can be independently supplied to any one of the three stack assemblies. If hydrogen is to be supplied to the first stack assembly 1 alone, the first three-way valve 409 is opened toward the passage of the first stack assembly 1, the second three-way valve 4010 is opened toward the passage of the seventh hydrogen pipe 407, and the third three-way valve 4011 is closed toward the passage of the eighth hydrogen pipe 408. The hydrogen reaching the starting end 4001 of the hydrogen circulation unit 40 passes through the first three-way valve 409 and enters the first stack assembly 1 to react. The excess hydrogen in the first stack assembly 1 is discharged from the outlet of the first stack assembly 1, and reaches the sixth hydrogen pipe 406 through the seventh hydrogen pipe 407, and then enters the gas-liquid separator 4021. Due to the presence of the third check valve 4014, hydrogen gas that reaches the sixth hydrogen pipe 406 from the seventh hydrogen pipe 407 does not flow into the third stack assembly 3 toward the right side.

If hydrogen is to be supplied to the second stack module 2 alone, the first three-way valve 409 is opened to the passage of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404, the second three-way valve 4010 is closed to the passage of the seventh hydrogen pipe 407, the third three-way valve 4011 is opened to the passage of the eighth hydrogen pipe 408, the first shut-off valve 4015 and the third shut-off valve 4017 are opened, and the second shut-off valve 4016 is closed. Due to the presence of the first check valve 4012, the hydrogen gas reaching the second hydrogen gas pipe 402 from the fifth hydrogen gas pipe 405 does not flow into the first stack assembly 1 toward the left side.

If hydrogen is to be supplied to the third stack module 3 alone, the first three-way valve 409 is opened toward the passage of the fourth hydrogen pipe 404, the second three-way valve 4010 is closed toward the passage of the seventh hydrogen pipe 407, the third three-way valve 4011 is closed toward the passage of the eighth hydrogen pipe 408, the first shut-off valve 4015 is closed, and the second shut-off valve 4016 is opened. Due to the presence of the second check valve 4013, hydrogen gas reaching the third hydrogen pipe 403 from the fourth hydrogen pipe 404 does not flow into the second stack assembly 2 toward the left side.

Referring to fig. 6 to 8, schematic diagrams of the first air supply system and the first cooling system, a schematic structural diagram of the first air supply system, and a schematic structural diagram of the first cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention are respectively shown. In fig. 7 and 8, some structures are omitted.

The first air supply system 5 includes a first stack assembly air intake duct 50, a first air filtering device 51, a first air compressing device 52, a first heat exchanger 53, a first humidifying device 54, a fourth sensor 55, a first stack assembly air exhaust duct 56, a first humidifying device exhaust duct 57, and a first humidifying device exhaust duct 58. Air enters the first stack assembly 1 through a first stack assembly air inlet duct 50. The first air filtering device 51, the first air compressing device 52, the first heat exchanger 53, the first humidifying device 54 and the fourth sensor 55 are sequentially arranged on the first stack assembly air inlet pipe 50. The first air filter 51 is used to filter the air at the inlet to meet the stack air requirement. The first air compressing device 52 may be an air compressor capable of compressing air to meet the requirements of pressure, flow rate, etc. The first heat exchanger 53 may be any of various types of liquid-gas heat exchangers for cooling the air discharged from the first air compressing device 52. The first humidification device 54 may be selected from various types of air humidifiers for adding humidity to the air entering the first stack assembly 1. Excess air enters the first stack assembly 1, part of oxygen participates in the reaction, and the rest of oxygen and other gases are discharged from the first stack assembly 1, enter the first humidifying device 54 through the first stack assembly air exhaust pipe 56, and enter the first stack assembly 1 again to participate in the reaction together with new air conveyed from the first heat exchanger 53. Since the reaction product of the hydrogen fuel cell is water, the air discharged after the reaction is completed contains water, and the air introduced from the first heat exchanger 53 into the first humidifier 54 can be further humidified by the water. The fourth sensor 55 includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and the like, and is configured to monitor the pressure, the temperature, and the humidity of the air introduced into the first stack assembly 1 in real time. If the pressure is too high, the first humidifier exhaust 58 may be opened to allow a portion of the air in the first humidifier 54 to be exhausted through the first humidifier exhaust 57 to meet the pressure requirement.

The first cooling system 6 includes a first coolant pump 60, a first stack assembly inlet pipe 61, a first heat exchanger inlet pipe 62, a first deionizer 63, a first heat exchanger drain pipe 64, a first stack assembly drain pipe 65, a first coolant pipe three-way valve 66, a first radiator 67, a first coolant heating pipe 68, and a first heater 69. The first coolant pump 60 sends a part of the coolant to the first stack assembly 1 through the first stack assembly inlet pipe 61 for cooling. The other part flows into the first heat exchanger 53 through the first heat exchanger inlet pipe 62 to cool the first heat exchanger 53. A first deionizer 63 for adsorbing various ions in the coolant is provided on the first heat exchanger inlet pipe 62. Generally, the cooling liquid is water, and the cooling liquid pump is a water pump. The coolant flows through a circle in the first stack assembly 1 to be cooled and then is discharged through the first stack assembly drain pipe 65. The coolant flows through the first heat exchanger 53 a single turn and then is drained through a first heat exchanger drain 64 to a first stack assembly drain 65. The first radiator 67 is provided on the first stack assembly drain pipe 65, and is capable of cooling the coolant having a raised temperature. The coolant, the temperature of which is returned to normal, will flow into the first coolant pump 60 again, and the above-described process is repeated. In addition, a first cooling liquid heating pipe 68 is further provided, a first heater 69 is arranged on the first cooling liquid heating pipe 68, and a first cooling liquid pipe three-way valve 66 is arranged at the joint of the first cooling liquid heating pipe 68 and the first stack assembly liquid discharge pipe 65. If it is required to enable the fuel cell to be used under low temperature conditions, the first coolant pipe three-way valve 66 may be opened toward the first coolant heating pipe 68, and the coolant may be heated to a predetermined temperature by the first heater 69, so as to prevent the coolant from being frozen at an excessively low temperature and thus failing to perform a cooling function. If a low temperature start is not required, the first heater 69 and its associated piping can be eliminated.

Referring to fig. 9 to 12, schematic diagrams of the second air supply system and the second cooling system, schematic diagrams of an air circulation portion in the second air supply system, schematic diagrams of the second air supply system, and schematic diagrams of the second cooling system in an embodiment of the present invention are respectively shown. Fig. 11 and 12 are partially omitted. The second air supply system 7 includes an air circulation portion 70, a second air filtering device 71, a second air compressing device 72, a second heat exchanger 73, a second humidifying device exhaust pipe 74, a second humidifying device exhaust valve 75, an air purge pipe 76, and an air purge valve 77. Wherein the other components than the air circulation portion 70 are similar to those in the first air supply system 5. The second heat exchanger 73 is connected at both ends thereof to the second humidifying device 7012 and the second air compressing device 72, respectively. The air purge valve 77 is opened and purge gas is introduced into the air purge pipe 76 to pass through both stack assemblies so that the residual reaction gas in the stack assemblies is discharged.

The air circulation portion 70 includes a first air pipe 701, a second air pipe 702, a third air pipe 703, a fourth air pipe 704, a fifth air pipe 705, a fourth three-way valve 706, a fifth three-way valve 707, a fourth one-way valve 708, a fifth one-way valve 709, a fifth sensor 7010, a sixth sensor 7011, and a second humidification device 7012. Both ends of the first air pipe 701 are connected to the start end 7001 of the air circulation unit 70 and the inlet of the second stack assembly 2, both ends of the second air pipe 702 are connected to the outlet of the second stack assembly 2 and the inlet of the third stack assembly 3, both ends of the third air pipe 703 are connected to the first air pipe 701 and the second air pipe 702, both ends of the fourth air pipe 704 are connected to the outlet of the third stack assembly 3 and the end 7002 of the air circulation unit 70, and both ends of the fifth air pipe 705 are connected to the second air pipe 702 and the fourth air pipe 704, respectively.

A fourth three-way valve 706 is located at the junction of the first air pipe 701 and the third air pipe 703, and a fifth three-way valve 707 is located at the junction of the second air pipe 702 and the fifth air pipe 705. A fourth check valve 708 is located between the junction of the third air tube 703, the second air tube 702, and a fifth three-way valve 707, and a fifth check valve 709 is located between the outlet of the third stack assembly 3 and the end 7002 of the air circulation 70.

The second humidification device 7012 is located between the beginning 7001 of the air circulation 70 and the end 7002 of the air circulation 70. Air flowing out of the end 7002 of the air circulation portion 70 can flow into the start 7001 of the air circulation portion 70 through the second humidification device 7012.

A fifth sensor 7010 is provided on the first air pipe 701 near the inlet of the second stack assembly 2, and a sixth sensor 7011 is provided on the second air pipe 702 near the inlet of the third stack assembly 3. The sensors comprise a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and the like and are used for monitoring the pressure, the temperature and the humidity of air introduced into the galvanic pile assembly in real time.

Through the control of three-way valve and check valve, can realize supplying air alone to second galvanic pile subassembly 2 and third galvanic pile subassembly 3, perhaps supply air to the two in proper order. When the air is supplied to the first and second cell stack assemblies, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of air flowing into the third cell stack assembly 3 from the second cell stack assembly 2 is not less than the amount of air required for the reaction of the third cell stack assembly 3. The air quantity required by each electric pile can be calculated, so that the air quantity introduced into the second electric pile assembly 2 is not less than the sum of the air quantities required by the second electric pile assembly 2 and the third electric pile assembly 3.

If the second stack assembly 2 and the third stack assembly 3 are to be supplied with gas in sequence. The fourth three-way valve 706 is opened to the passage of the second stack assembly 2 and the fifth three-way valve 707 is opened to the passage of the third stack assembly 3. The air reaching the start 7001 of the air circulation unit 70 passes through the fourth three-way valve 706 and enters the second stack assembly 2 for reaction. Excess air is exhausted from the outlet of the second stack assembly 2 and enters the third stack assembly 3 after passing through a fifth three-way valve 707. The air remaining in the third stack assembly 3 is discharged from the outlet of the third stack assembly 3 and flows back into the second humidification device 7012 through the fourth air pipe 704. This portion of air reenters the second stack assembly 2 to participate in the reaction, along with new air delivered from the second heat exchanger 73.

Since the output power of the second stack assembly 2 is greater than that of the third stack assembly 3, the amount of air required for the reaction of the second stack assembly 2 is greater than that of the third stack assembly 3. Excess air is introduced to react, and the excess air flows back to the starting end 7001 of the air circulation part 70 and enters the stack assembly again to react. The air entering the stack assembly is composed of two parts, namely the returned residual air and the new air delivered by the second air compressor 72. Because part of air can be recycled, the air circulation utilization rate is improved, and under the condition that the output power of the pile assembly is the same and the required air quantity is the same, the requirement on the specification of the second air compression device 72 can be reduced, and the specification is properly selected to be slightly smaller. If the existing second air compressing device 72 is used, the number of stack components can be increased appropriately under the condition that the specification is limited, and the air required by the increased stack components can be provided by the return air. Therefore, the number of stack components can be increased appropriately without changing the specification of the second air compressing device 72 and the total amount of air flowing into the start of the air circulation portion, thereby improving the output power of the fuel cell.

In addition, if there is no excessive demand for output power, air may be supplied to the second stack assembly 2 or the third stack assembly 3 alone. If the second stack assembly 2 is to be supplied with air alone, the fourth three-way valve 706 is opened to the passage of the second stack assembly 2, and the fifth three-way valve 707 is opened to the passage of the fifth air pipe 705. The air that reaches the air circulation unit 70 passes through the fourth three-way valve 706 and enters the second stack assembly 2, and the excess air is discharged from the second stack assembly 2 and flows back to the start 7001 of the air circulation unit 70. Due to the presence of the fifth check valve 709, the air that reaches the fourth air pipe 704 from the fifth air pipe 705 does not flow into the third stack assembly 3 toward the right side.

If the third stack assembly 3 is to be supplied with air alone, the fourth three-way valve 706 is opened to the passage of the third air pipe 703, and the fifth three-way valve 707 is closed to the passage of the fifth air pipe 705. Due to the presence of fourth check valve 708, air that reaches second air pipe 702 from third air pipe 703 does not flow into second stack assembly 2 toward the left side.

The second cooling system 8 includes a second coolant pump 80, a third stack assembly inlet pipe 81, a second heat exchanger inlet pipe 82, a second deionizer 83, a second heat exchanger drain pipe 84, a second inter-stack assembly coolant pipe 85, a second stack assembly drain pipe 86, a second coolant pipe three-way valve 87, a second radiator 88, a second coolant heating pipe 89, and a second heater 810. The second coolant pump 80 sends a part of the coolant to the third stack assembly 3 through the third stack assembly inlet pipe 81 for cooling. Another portion flows through a second heat exchanger inlet pipe 82 into the second heat exchanger 73 for cooling. A second deionizer 83 is provided on the second heat exchanger inlet pipe 82 for adsorbing various ions in the coolant. After flowing for one turn in the third stack assembly 3, the coolant flows into the second stack assembly 2 through the inter-stack assembly coolant pipe 85 to cool the second stack assembly 2. Flows through a turn in second stack assembly 2 and exits through second stack assembly drain 86. The coolant flows through the second heat exchanger 73 a single turn and then is drained through a second heat exchanger drain 84 to a second stack assembly drain 86. A second heat sink 88 is disposed on second stack assembly drain 86 and is capable of cooling the elevated temperature coolant. The coolant, the temperature of which is returned to normal, will flow into the second coolant pump 80 again, and the above-described process is repeated. In addition, a second cooling liquid heating pipe 89 is further arranged, a second heater 810 is arranged on the second cooling liquid heating pipe 89, and a second cooling liquid pipe three-way valve 87 is arranged at the joint of the second cooling liquid heating pipe 89 and the second stack assembly liquid discharge pipe 86. If it is necessary to enable the fuel cell to be used under low temperature conditions, the second coolant pipe three-way valve 87 may be opened toward the passage of the second coolant heating pipe 89, and the coolant is heated to a predetermined temperature by the second heater 810, so as to prevent the coolant from being frozen at an excessively low temperature and thus the cooling function cannot be performed. If a low temperature start is not required, the second heater 810 and its associated piping can be eliminated.

The aforesaid each three-way valve can select to use ordinary automatically controlled three-way valve, can also realize the function of three-way valve with two valve combinations, and this kind of simple replacement also should the utility model discloses in the protection range. The check valves can be check valves or other valves capable of realizing one-way conduction. The shut-off valves can adopt electromagnetic valves or other valves capable of controlling the on-off of pipelines.

In this embodiment, the first stack assembly 1 may be a single stack, or may be formed by connecting a plurality of stacks having the same output power in series. If a plurality of galvanic piles are connected in series, the hydrogen, the air and the cooling liquid introduced into the first galvanic pile assembly 1 are evenly distributed into each galvanic pile through the distribution pipes. This is also true for the second stack element 2 and the third stack element 3, and will not be described in detail.

The hydrogen fuel cell in the present embodiment includes three stack assemblies, but is not limited thereto, and two or more stack assemblies may be provided.

The embodiment also provides an engine which comprises the hydrogen fuel cell.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell is characterized by comprising a hydrogen gas supply system, a first air supply system, a second air supply system, a first electric pile assembly, a second electric pile assembly and a third electric pile assembly, wherein the output power of the first electric pile assembly, the output power of the second electric pile assembly and the output power of the third electric pile assembly are sequentially reduced;

2. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen gas supply system includes a hydrogen gas circulation portion that includes a first hydrogen pipe, a second hydrogen pipe, a third hydrogen pipe, a fourth hydrogen pipe, a fifth hydrogen pipe, a sixth hydrogen pipe, a seventh hydrogen pipe, an eighth hydrogen pipe, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a first one-way valve, a second one-way valve, a third one-way valve, a first shut-off valve, a second shut-off valve, a third shut-off valve, and hydrogen gas recirculation means;

3. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, further comprising a hydrogen tank connected to a start end of the hydrogen circulation portion, wherein a gas-liquid separator is provided between a tail end of the hydrogen circulation portion and the hydrogen gas recirculation device.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein sensors are provided on the first hydrogen pipe, the second hydrogen pipe, and the third hydrogen pipe.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the second air supply system includes an air circulation portion that includes a first air pipe, a second air pipe, a third air pipe, a fourth air pipe, a fifth air pipe, a fourth three-way valve, a fifth three-way valve, a fourth one-way valve, a fifth one-way valve, and a humidification device;

6. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, further comprising an air compressing device and a heat exchanger, both ends of the heat exchanger being connected to the humidifying device and the air compressing device, respectively.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein a sensor is provided on the first air tube and the second air tube.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 6, further comprising a coolant pump that enables a coolant to cool the second stack assembly, the third stack assembly, and the heat exchanger.

9. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the first stack assembly comprises a number of first stacks, the second stack assembly comprises a number of second stacks, and the third stack assembly comprises a number of third stacks.

10. An engine characterized by comprising the hydrogen fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9.