CN210515843U - Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever - Google Patents
Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever Download PDFInfo
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- CN210515843U CN210515843U CN201920634916.0U CN201920634916U CN210515843U CN 210515843 U CN210515843 U CN 210515843U CN 201920634916 U CN201920634916 U CN 201920634916U CN 210515843 U CN210515843 U CN 210515843U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a coulomb force experiment instrument based on a light lever, which is provided with a pendulum ball and a hollow conductor ball, wherein the two balls are connected with the same pole of a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the pendulum ball can deviate from the vertical direction under the action of repulsion force of a coulomb; the position of the sliding seat is controlled to be unchanged, the output voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply is adjusted, and the change of the deflection angle of the swing ball is observed, so that the qualitative relation between the coulomb force and the charge quantity can be explored; adjusting the displacement frame, changing the position of the pendulum ball, ensuring that the center of the pendulum ball and the center of the hollow conductor ball are positioned on a line calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrument, and measuring the distance r between the two centers of the pendulum ball and the distance h between the suspension point of the sliding seat and the line calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrument by combining a reading system, thereby indirectly measuring the coulomb force F; similarly, the quantitative relation between the coulomb force F and the distance r between two sphere centers can be explored by changing the output voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply and measuring a plurality of groups of F and r.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a teaching instrument technical field, concretely relates to coulomb force experiment appearance based on light lever for demonstrate in the teaching and probe coulomb force and which factor is relevant.
Background
The experimental instrument for demonstrating and exploring factors influencing interaction force between charges in the current teaching is shown in figure 1. The main components involved in this experiment included: the spherical conductor and the electrostatic pendulum naturally also come from the two. The influence factors are mainly analyzed from the following four aspects: firstly, analyzing the charge quantity and the electric leakage condition carried by the spherical conductor and the pendulum ball; secondly, analyzing the influence of the mass and the volume of the electrostatic pendulum on the swinging condition of the electrostatic pendulum; thirdly, how to determine the distance r between the pendulum ball and the spherical conductor is analyzed; and fourthly, analyzing how to select the suspension line. By analysis, the experiment shown in fig. 1 can be found to have the following problems or deficiencies:
1. the influence of experimental environment is great, and the environment in which the device is arranged is required to be dry. Due to the pendulum ball and the spherical conductor, in a humid environment, discharge is extremely fast, so that the experimental phenomenon is not obvious, even the experimental phenomenon is not made at all, the time and the place of teaching are limited, and the normal teaching is influenced.
2. The qualitative relation between the interaction force and the distance between the charges can only be explored, the quantitative relation between the interaction force and the distance between the charges cannot be explored, and the key points and the difficulty points of the teaching content in this section are difficult to highlight and break through.
3. The charge amount of the spherical conductor and the pendulum ball is maintained. If the spherical conductor and the pendulum ball are both taken as capacitors, the change of the electric quantity charged on the spherical conductor and the pendulum ball is represented as the following formula according to the discharge rule of the RC circuit:
the spherical conductor has extremely high discharge speed, and if the wood bar is used as a support below the spherical conductor, the discharge time is only about 4 s. The charging time of the spherical conductor is extremely short, and the experimental phenomenon is not easy to see.
4. The pendulum ball is small in size, small in charge quantity and fast in discharge time, and therefore the experimental phenomenon is difficult to obtain or the time for the experimental phenomenon to appear is extremely short, and great inconvenience is brought to teaching.
5. The centers of the pendulum ball and the spherical conductor are not always equal in height. Initially, the centers of the pendulum ball and the spherical conductor are equal in height and are on the same horizontal connection line, but when the pendulum ball deviates from the vertical direction by a certain angle, the centers of the pendulum ball and the spherical conductor are no longer equal in height. When the pendulum ball is subjected to stress analysis, the interaction force between the charges is not perpendicular to the gravity borne by the pendulum ball any more, and the interaction force between the charges borne by the pendulum ball cannot be expressed by F ═ mg tan θ, which brings inconvenience.
6. The static pendulum is not stable after swinging. Under the condition that the pendulum ball is suspended by the thin wire, when the pendulum ball is deviated from the vertical direction by a certain angle due to coulomb force, the pendulum ball cannot be stopped quickly, and can vibrate nearby a certain position for a long time, which is not beneficial to classroom teaching.
In summary, the experimental apparatus for demonstrating coulomb force in physics teaching of high school such as fig. 1 has many disadvantages, so it is necessary to improve it.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the technical defects of the experiment shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a coulomb force experiment instrument based on a light lever, which comprises a main box body, a sliding seat, an electrostatic pendulum, a displacement frame, a hollow conductor ball and a reading system; the sliding seat, the electrostatic pendulum, the shifting frame and the hollow conductor ball are all arranged in the main box body, the reading system is arranged on the outer wall of the main box body, the sliding seat is arranged on the shifting frame, the electrostatic pendulum is arranged on the sliding seat, and the hollow conductor ball is arranged below the shifting frame; the hollow conductor ball is supported by the insulating support rod.
The utility model discloses in, the main tank body includes: the box cover, the traction rope winding wheel, the traction rope through hole, the swing ball binding post, the rack limiting groove, the horizontal slide rail through hole, the fixing ruler placing frame and the power supply binding post are arranged on the box body; the traction rope winding wheel and the traction rope through hole are arranged on the outer side of the main box body, and the axes of the traction rope winding wheel and the traction rope through hole are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the traction rope through hole is used for a traction rope to penetrate out of the inner side wall of the main box body and to be wound on the traction rope winding wheel; the pendulum ball binding post and the power supply binding post are used for being connected with a high-voltage direct-current power supply, so that the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball are ensured to be charged in the same way; the rack limiting groove is arranged on the inner side of the main box body and used for placing the vertical movable rack; the transmission rod through holes are formed in the two sides of the main box body and used for arranging transmission rods; the fixed ruler placing frame is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the main box body and used for placing the fixed ruler.
The utility model discloses in, the sliding seat includes: the device comprises a traction rope, a damping groove, a horizontal sliding rail through hole, a V-shaped conductive suspension rod and a sliding seat wiring terminal; the traction rope is used for drawing the sliding seat to move left and right on the horizontal sliding rail; the damping groove and the damping sheet are used in a combined manner, so that the electrostatic pendulum can be quickly stopped under the condition of swinging; the horizontal sliding rail through hole is used for enabling the horizontal sliding rail to penetrate through the sliding seat; the V-shaped conductive suspension rod is used for suspending the electrostatic pendulum, is connected with the sliding seat wiring terminal and can enable the pendulum ball to be electrified.
The utility model discloses in, the static pendulum includes: the device comprises a balance weight, an M-shaped conductive suspension rod, a swing ball and a damping fin; the balance weight is arranged at the top of the electrostatic pendulum, so that the gravity center of the rest part of the electrostatic pendulum except the pendulum ball is positioned on the connecting line of the two suspension points of the M-shaped conductive suspension rod, and the coulomb force borne by the pendulum ball is convenient to measure; the swing rod comprises a lead through hole for a lead to pass through, so that the swing ball is ensured to be electrified.
The utility model discloses in, the aversion frame includes: the device comprises a horizontal sliding rail, a connecting block, a vertical movable rack, a gear, a transmission rod and a hand wheel; the horizontal sliding rail and the vertical movable rack are fixedly arranged to be vertical by the connecting block, so that the sliding seat can freely move in a two-dimensional plane;
the utility model discloses in, the hollow conductor ball includes: an insulating support rod; the insulating support rod is used for supporting the hollow conductor ball and plays an insulating role.
The utility model discloses in, reading system includes: the device comprises a vertical laser range finder, a vertical range finding reflector, a data display screen, a horizontal range finding reflector frame, a fixed ruler and a laser pen; the vertical laser range finder is arranged at the bottom of the main box body and is matched with the vertical range finding reflector for use; the data display screen is arranged on the outer side of the main box body and used for displaying measured data; the horizontal distance measurement reflector frame is arranged on the fixed ruler and can freely move left and right; the laser pen is arranged on the horizontal ranging reflector frame and used for determining the position of the pendulum ball.
In the utility model, the size of the rack limiting groove is matched with that of the vertical movable rack, so that the vertical movable rack can move up and down in the rack limiting groove, and the shifting frame can move in the vertical direction to change the position of the pendulum ball in the vertical direction; the sliding seat is placed on the horizontal sliding rail through hole, so that the sliding seat can move left and right on the horizontal sliding rail, and the position of the swinging ball in the horizontal direction is changed; the position of the pendulum ball in a two-dimensional plane can be changed through the action of the displacement frame.
In the utility model, one end of the traction rope is arranged on the sliding seat, the other end is arranged on the traction rope winding wheel, and the position of the sliding seat is changed by rotating the traction rope winding wheel;
the utility model discloses in, the electrically conductive pole that hangs of V type with the electrically conductive pole that hangs of M type matches, ensures static pendulum can freely swing in vertical direction, and can ensure the pendulum ball can be electrified.
The utility model discloses in, it further includes to link up the piece: a vertical distance measurement reflective sheet support bar; the vertical distance measurement light reflecting sheet supporting rod is arranged above the connecting block and used for supporting the vertical distance measurement light reflecting sheet; the reflecting surface of the vertical ranging reflecting piece is flush with the suspension point of the M-shaped conductive suspension rod; the upper surface of the vertical laser range finder and the center of the hollow conductor ball are positioned on the same horizontal plane, so that the vertical height can be measured;
the utility model discloses in, horizontal range finding reflector frame further includes: a fixed ruler through hole and a laser pen placing hole; the fixed ruler through hole is used for the fixed ruler to penetrate through, the horizontal ranging reflector frame is placed on the fixed ruler through hole, and the horizontal ranging reflector frame can move freely left and right; the laser pen placing hole is used for placing the laser pen; the light spot of the laser pen and the center of the hollow conductor ball are positioned on the same horizontal plane; by moving the position of the horizontal ranging reflector frame, the light spot of the laser pen irradiates the position corresponding to the center of the pendulum ball, namely the pendulum ball and the center of the hollow conductor ball are ensured to be on the same horizontal plane, and the distance between the two centers of the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball can be read out through the data display screen.
The utility model has simple operation, intuitive and obvious phenomenon, easy data measurement, effectively saving classroom time and improving classroom efficiency; the two balls are communicated with the power supply through the wires constantly, so that the influence of the external environment on the experiment is reduced, the quantitative experiment is easy to carry out, the difficulty in the experiment teaching is broken through, and the device has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art experimental apparatus for investigating factors influencing the interaction force between charges.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the coulomb force experiment instrument based on the light lever.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the coulomb force experiment instrument based on the light lever of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the coulomb force experiment instrument based on the light lever.
Fig. 5 is a left side view of the coulomb force experiment instrument based on the light lever of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle main box body of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the main box of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a front view of the middle main box body of the present invention
Fig. 9 is a left side view of the main box body of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the sliding seat of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a top view of the sliding seat of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a front view of the sliding seat of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle electrostatic pendulum of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a top view of the middle electrostatic pendulum according to the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a front view of the middle electrostatic pendulum according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a left side view of the middle electrostatic pendulum according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the middle shifting frame of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a top view of the shifting frame of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a front view of the shifting frame of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a left side view of the middle shift frame of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a hollow conductor ball according to the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of the middle horizontal distance measuring reflector holder and the laser pen of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a top view of the middle horizontal distance measurement reflector holder and the laser pen of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a front view of the middle horizontal distance measuring reflector holder and the laser pen of the present invention.
Fig. 25 is a left side view of the middle horizontal distance measuring reflector holder and the laser pen of the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of the image processing method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
As shown in fig. 1 to 25, the present invention provides a coulomb force tester based on a light lever, comprising: the device comprises a main box body, a sliding seat, an electrostatic pendulum, a displacement frame, a hollow conductor ball and a reading system; the sliding seat, the electrostatic pendulum, the shifting frame and the hollow conductor ball are all arranged in the main box body, the reading system is arranged on the outer wall of the main box body, the sliding seat is arranged on the shifting frame, the electrostatic pendulum is arranged on the sliding seat, and the hollow conductor ball is arranged below the shifting frame.
The main box body includes: the box cover, the traction rope winding wheel, the traction rope through hole, the swing ball binding post, the rack limiting groove, the transmission rod through hole, the fixed ruler placing frame and the power supply binding post are arranged on the box body; wherein,
the traction rope winding wheel and the traction rope through hole are arranged on the outer side of the top of the main box body, and the axes of the traction rope winding wheel and the traction rope through hole are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the traction rope through hole is used for the traction rope to penetrate out of the inner side wall of the main box body and to be wound on the traction rope winding wheel; one end of the traction rope is arranged on the sliding seat, the other end of the traction rope is arranged on the traction rope winding wheel, and the sliding seat can be pulled by rotating the traction rope winding wheel; two sides of the main box body are respectively provided with a traction rope winding wheel, and the two traction rope winding wheels are respectively rotated, so that the sliding seat can be pulled to move towards the left direction and the right direction; the pendulum ball binding post and the power supply binding post are connected with a high-voltage direct-current power supply by using a lead, so that the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball are ensured to have the same charge; the rack limiting groove is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the main box body and used for placing a vertical movable rack; the two rack limiting grooves are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the main box body and are positioned on respective symmetrical axes of the two ends; the size of the rack limiting groove is matched with that of the vertical movable rack, so that the vertical movable rack can freely move up and down in the rack limiting groove, and correspondingly, the shifting frame can freely move in the vertical direction to change the position of the swinging ball in the vertical direction; the sliding seat is arranged on the horizontal sliding rail through hole, so that the sliding seat can move left and right on the horizontal sliding rail, and the position of the swinging ball in the horizontal direction is changed; the position of the pendulum ball in the two-dimensional plane can be changed through the action of the displacement frame. The transmission rod through holes are formed in the two sides of the main box body and used for arranging transmission rods; the fixed ruler placing frame is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the main box body and used for placing the fixed ruler;
the sliding seat includes: the device comprises a traction rope, a damping groove, a horizontal sliding rail through hole, a V-shaped conductive suspension rod and a sliding seat wiring terminal; wherein,
the traction rope is used for drawing the sliding seat to move left and right on the horizontal sliding rail; one end of the traction rope is arranged on the sliding seat, the other end of the traction rope is arranged on the traction rope winding wheel, and the position of the sliding seat can be changed by rotating the traction rope winding wheel. The damping groove and the damping fin are combined for use, so that the swinging electrostatic pendulum can be quickly stopped; the horizontal sliding rail through hole is used for enabling the horizontal sliding rail to penetrate through the sliding seat; the V-shaped conductive suspension rod is used for suspending the electrostatic pendulum and is combined with the sliding seat wiring terminal to ensure that the electrostatic pendulum can freely swing in the vertical direction and the pendulum ball is electrified;
the electrostatic pendulum comprises: the device comprises a balance weight, an M-shaped conductive suspension rod, a swing ball and a damping fin; wherein,
the balance weight is arranged at the top of the static pendulum, so that the gravity center of the static pendulum without the pendulum ball is positioned on the connecting line of the two suspension points of the M-shaped conductive suspension rod, and the coulomb force borne by the pendulum ball is convenient to measure; when the pendulum ball is in a static state under the coulomb force, the coulomb force of the pendulum ball under the hollow conductor ball can be calculated;
the pendulum rod further includes: a wire through hole; the wire through hole is used for a wire to pass through, and the M-shaped conductive suspension rod and the pendulum ball are connected through the wire, so that the pendulum ball can be electrified;
the shifting frame is in an 'n' shape and comprises: the device comprises a horizontal sliding rail, a connecting block, a vertical movable rack, a gear, a transmission rod and a hand wheel; wherein,
the horizontal sliding rail and the vertical movable rack are fixedly arranged into a gamma by the connecting blocks, the two connecting blocks are respectively positioned at two ends of the horizontal sliding rail, and the vertical movable racks at the two ends are fixed together, so that the displacement frame is in an n shape; the vertical movable rack is coupled with the gear, and the gear is rotated to change the position of the vertical movable rack in the rack limiting groove, so that the vertical movable rack can move up and down in the vertical direction; the transmission rod vertically penetrates through the main box body through the transmission rod through hole, and both ends of the transmission rod are positioned at the outer side of the main box body; the gear is arranged on the transmission rod, and the hand wheels are arranged at two ends of the transmission rod; the position of the shifting frame in the vertical direction can be changed by rotating the hand wheel; the sliding seat is positioned on the horizontal sliding rail, the position of the sliding seat in the vertical direction can be changed by rotating the hand wheel, the position of the sliding seat in the horizontal direction can be changed by rotating the traction rope winding wheel, and the pendulum ball can freely move in a two-dimensional plane;
the joint block further includes: a vertical distance measurement reflective sheet support bar; the vertical distance measurement light reflecting sheet supporting rod is arranged above the connecting block and used for supporting the vertical distance measurement light reflecting sheet; the reflecting surface of the vertical ranging reflecting piece is flush with the suspension point of the M-shaped conductive suspension rod; the upper surface of the vertical laser range finder and the center of the hollow conductor ball are positioned on the same horizontal plane, so that the vertical height h can be measured;
the hollow conductor ball includes: an insulating support rod; the insulating support rod is used for supporting the hollow conductor ball to be in an insulating state;
the reading system comprises: the device comprises a vertical laser range finder, a vertical range finding reflector, a data display screen, a horizontal range finding reflector frame, a fixed ruler and a laser pen; wherein,
the vertical laser range finder is arranged at the bottom of the main box body and is matched with the vertical range finding reflector for use; the data display screen is arranged on the outer side of the main box body and used for displaying measured data; the horizontal distance measurement reflector frame is arranged on the fixed ruler and can freely move left and right; the laser pen is arranged on the horizontal ranging reflector frame and used for determining the position of a swinging ball;
the horizontal ranging reflection sheet frame further comprises: a fixed ruler through hole and a laser pen placing hole; the fixed ruler through hole is used for the fixed ruler to pass through, the horizontal ranging reflector frame is placed on the fixed ruler through hole, and the horizontal ranging reflector frame can move freely left and right; the laser pen placing hole is used for placing a laser pen; the light spot of the laser pen and the center of the hollow conductor ball are positioned on the same horizontal plane; by moving the position of the horizontal ranging reflector frame, the light spot of the laser pen is irradiated on the position corresponding to the sphere center of the pendulum ball, namely the sphere centers of the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball are ensured to be on the same horizontal plane, and the distance r between the two sphere centers can be read out through a data display screen;
according to the design principle of the coulomb force experiment instrument, when the suspended pendulum ball is acted by coulomb force and deviates from the vertical direction by a certain angle theta, the pendulum ball is in a balanced state, and the center of the pendulum ball and the center of the hollow conductor ball are equal in height and are in the state calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrumentOn the same horizontal plane, the pendulum ball is subjected to stress analysis, and then F is mg tan theta; if the pendulum length of the electrostatic pendulum is L, according to the geometric relationship,
namely, it is
And (3) carrying out data processing on the F and the r by using an image method to obtain the relationship between the F and the r.
The utility model is provided with the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball, the two balls are both connected with the same pole of the high voltage direct current power supply, and the pendulum ball can deviate from the vertical direction under the repulsive force of the coulomb; the position of the sliding seat is controlled to be unchanged, the output voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply is adjusted, and the change of the deflection angle of the swing ball is observed, so that the qualitative relation between the coulomb force and the charge quantity can be explored; adjusting the displacement frame again, changing the position of the pendulum ball, ensuring that the center of the pendulum ball and the center of the hollow conductor ball are positioned on the same horizontal plane calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrument, and measuring the distance r between the two centers of the pendulum ball and the distance h between the suspension point of the sliding seat and a straight line calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrument by combining a reading system, thus measuring the coulomb force F; similarly, the quantitative relation between the coulomb force F and the distance r between two sphere centers can be explored by changing the output voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply and measuring a plurality of groups of F and r.
Examples
Coulomb force experiment instrument in this example:
first, main box
A main box body: the length is 50cm, the width is 10cm, the height is 30cm, and the thickness is 0.5 cm;
a box cover: the length is 50cm, the width is 10cm, and the thickness is 0.5 cm;
a traction rope winding wheel: is in an I shape; the diameter of the outer wheel is 3cm, the diameter of the inner wheel is 1cm, and the length of the inner wheel is 2 cm;
a traction rope through hole: the aperture is 0.4 cm;
placing a ball terminal: is in an I shape; the length is 3cm, and the outer diameter is 1 cm;
a rack limiting groove: is concave, and has a length of 12cm, an outer width of 3cm and an inner width of 2 cm;
a through hole of the transmission rod: the aperture is 1 cm; two transmission rod through holes are respectively arranged at two sides of the main box body;
fixing a ruler placing rack: 2.5cm long, 2cm wide, 5cm high and 0.2cm thick;
a power supply wiring terminal: is in an I shape; the length is 3cm, and the outer diameter is 1 cm;
two, sliding seat
A sliding seat: the length is 10cm, the width is 5cm, the height is 3cm, and the thickness is 0.3 cm;
rope pulling: two pieces with the length of 60 cm; the sliding seats are respectively positioned at two sides of the sliding seat and used for changing the position of the sliding seat;
damping groove: the length is 2cm, the width is 1cm, and the depth is 2 cm; adding liquid with high viscosity coefficient, such as castor oil, etc. into the damping tank;
horizontal slide rail through-hole: the aperture is 0.4cm, two horizontal sliding rail through holes are respectively formed in the two sides of the hole, and the two horizontal sliding rails penetrate through the horizontal sliding rail through holes;
v-shaped conductive suspension rod: 0.2cm outside diameter and 0.5cm long
A sliding seat wiring terminal: is in an I shape; the length is 3cm, and the outer diameter is 1 cm;
three, static pendulum
And (3) counterweight: the outer diameter is 1cm, and the height is 1 cm;
m type electrically conducts suspension rod: the outer diameter is 0.2 cm;
swing rod: the outer diameter is 0.4cm, the inner diameter is 0.2cm, and the length is 10 cm;
ball swinging: diameter 1cm, weight 0.136 g;
damping fin: the square shape is 0.5cm in side length and 0.2cm in thickness;
wire through holes: the aperture is 0.2 cm;
four, shift frame
A shifting frame: the length is 49cm, the width is 4cm, and the height is 12 cm;
horizontal slide rail: the length is 46cm, and the outer diameter is 0.4 cm;
a connecting block: the length is 8cm, the width is 5cm, and the thickness is 2 cm;
a vertically movable rack: the length is 12cm, the width is 2cm, and the thickness is 1 cm;
a transmission gear: the outer diameter is 3cm, the inner diameter is 1cm, and the thickness is 0.3 cm;
the transmission rod: the length is 56cm, and the outer diameter is 1 cm;
a hand wheel: the outer diameter is 5cm, and the inner diameter is 1 cm;
five, hollow conductor ball
Hollow conductor ball: the outer diameter is 10 cm;
insulating support rod: the outer diameter is 0.6cm, and the length is 5 cm;
sixth, reading system
The vertical laser range finder has the length of 5cm, the width of 2cm and the height of 10 cm;
the vertical distance measurement reflector plate is 5cm long, 5cm wide and 0.3cm thick; the aperture is 0.4 cm;
the data display screen is 10cm long, 5cm wide and 3cm thick;
the horizontal distance measurement reflector frame is 5cm long and 5cm wide;
the fixed ruler has the length of 38cm, the width of 4cm and the thickness of 0.4 cm;
the laser pen is 10cm long and 2cm in outer diameter;
the key of experiment operation
the method comprises the following operation steps:
1. and the high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the hollow conductor ball and the pendulum ball by leads respectively.
2. The sliding seat is adjusted to enable the ball hollow conductor ball and the pendulum ball to be at a certain distance.
3. And opening a voltage direct current power switch to observe experimental phenomena.
4. Keeping the position of the sliding seat unchanged, changing the voltage value for multiple times, repeating the experiment steps, and observing and recording the experiment phenomenon.
5. And analyzing the experimental phenomenon to obtain an experimental conclusion.
the method comprises the following operation steps:
1. and a high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the hollow conductor ball and the pendulum ball respectively through a lead, and a laser pen switch is turned on.
2. And adjusting the horizontal displacement frame to enable the swinging ball of the electrostatic pendulum to be away from the hollow conductor ball by a certain distance.
3. And turning on a high-voltage direct-current power switch, adjusting the voltage until the swing ball is bounced off, and continuously increasing the voltage until the swing ball deflection angle is large enough in order to make the experimental phenomenon more obvious.
4. And rapidly moving the vertical displacement frame and the laser mark reading plate to enable the light spot of the laser pen to be shot on a plane in the horizontal direction corresponding to the sphere center of the pendulum ball, reading the distance r between the two sphere centers and the height h of the suspension point of the electrostatic pendulum from the sphere center of the pendulum ball, and recording.
5. Keeping the voltage unchanged, moving the static and static electric pendulums to the right, and changing the distance r between the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball for multiple times (reducing).
6. The above steps are repeated for a plurality of times, and a plurality of groups of r and h are recorded.
7. And (5) processing data, and analyzing to obtain an experimental conclusion.
Data recording and processing:
processing data:
analyzing the data, finding the relationship between F and r, if the weight of the pendulum ball is not changed and the geographic location is not changed, the gravity of the pendulum ball is not changed, and if F is mg tan θ, and F is proportional to tan θ, processing by using an image method, as shown in fig. 26:
and (3) error analysis:
1. the hollow conductor ball and the pendulum ball are connected with a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply is unstable and fluctuates back and forth, so that the charge quantity carried by the hollow conductor ball and the pendulum ball is changed.
2. The ball center positions of the pendulum ball and the hollow conductor ball are determined inaccurately.
3. Influenced by the experimental environment.
And (4) experimental conclusion:
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (6)
1. A coulomb force experiment instrument based on a light lever is characterized by comprising a main box body (1), a sliding seat (2), an electrostatic pendulum (3), a displacement frame (4), a hollow conductor ball (5) and a reading system; the sliding seat (2), the electrostatic pendulum (3), the shifting frame (4) and the hollow conductor ball (5) are all arranged in the main box body (1), the reading system is arranged on the outer wall of the main box body (1), the sliding seat (2) is arranged on the shifting frame (4), the electrostatic pendulum (3) is arranged on the sliding seat (2), and the hollow conductor ball (5) is arranged below the shifting frame (4); wherein,
the main box body (1) includes: the device comprises a box cover (11), a traction rope winding wheel (12), a traction rope through hole (13), a pendulum ball binding post (14), a rack limiting groove (15), a transmission rod through hole (16), a fixed ruler placing frame (17) and a power supply binding post (18); the traction rope winding wheel (12) and the traction rope through hole (13) are arranged on the outer side of the main box body (1), and the axes of the traction rope winding wheel and the traction rope through hole are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the traction rope through hole (13) is used for a traction rope (21) to penetrate out of the inner side wall of the main box body (1) and to be wound on the traction rope winding wheel (12); the swing ball binding post (14) and the power supply binding post (18) are used for being connected with a direct current power supply, so that the swing ball (34) and the hollow conductor ball (5) are ensured to be charged in the same way; the rack limiting groove (15) is arranged on the inner side wall of the main box body (1) and is used for placing a vertical movable rack (43); the transmission rod through holes (16) are arranged on two sides of the main box body (1) and used for arranging transmission rods (45); the fixed ruler placing frame (17) is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the main box body (1) and used for placing a fixed ruler (65);
the sliding seat (2) comprises: the device comprises a traction rope (21), a damping groove (22), a horizontal sliding rail through hole (23), a V-shaped conductive suspension rod (24) and a sliding seat binding post (25); the traction rope (21) is used for drawing the sliding seat (2) to move left and right on the horizontal sliding rail (41); the damping groove (22) and the damping sheet (35) are used in combination, so that the static pendulum (3) can be rapidly stopped under the condition of swinging; the horizontal sliding rail through hole (23) is used for enabling the horizontal sliding rail (41) to penetrate through the sliding seat (2); the V-shaped conductive suspension rod (24) is used for suspending the electrostatic pendulum (3) and is combined with the sliding seat binding post (25) to electrify the electrostatic pendulum (3);
the electrostatic pendulum (3) comprises: the device comprises a counterweight (31), an M-shaped conductive suspension rod (32), a swing rod (33), a swing ball (34) and a damping fin (35); the balance weight (31) is arranged at the top of the static pendulum (3), so that the center of gravity of the rest part of the static pendulum (3) except the pendulum ball (34) is positioned on the connecting line of the two suspension points of the M-shaped conductive suspension rod (32), and the coulomb force borne by the pendulum ball (34) can be conveniently measured; the swing rod (33) comprises a lead through hole (331) for leading a lead to pass through, and the swing ball (34) is ensured to be electrified;
the displacement carriage (4) comprises: the device comprises a horizontal sliding rail (41), a connecting block (42), a vertical movable rack (43), a gear (44), a transmission rod (45) and a hand wheel (46); the joint block (42) fixedly connects the horizontal sliding rail (41) and the vertically movable rack (43) together and enables the horizontal sliding rail and the vertically movable rack to be perpendicular to each other, so that the sliding seat (2) can move freely in a two-dimensional plane;
the hollow conductor ball (5) comprises: an insulating support rod (51); the insulating support rod (51) is used for supporting the hollow conductor ball (5) and ensuring insulation;
the reading system comprises: the device comprises a vertical laser range finder (61), a vertical range finding reflector (62), a data display screen (63), a horizontal range finding reflector frame (64), a fixed ruler (65) and a laser pen (66); the vertical laser range finder (61) is arranged at the bottom of the main box body (1) and is matched with the vertical range finding reflector (62) for use; the data display screen (63) is arranged on the outer side of the main box body (1) and used for displaying measured data; the horizontal distance measurement reflector frame (64) is arranged on the fixed ruler (65) and can move left and right along the fixed ruler (65); the laser pen (66) is arranged on the horizontal ranging reflector frame (64) and used for determining the position of the pendulum ball (34).
2. The coulomb force experiment instrument based on light weight levers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the size of the rack limiting groove (15) matches with the size of the vertically movable rack (43), ensuring that the vertically movable rack (43) can move up and down in the rack limiting groove (15), then the displacement frame (4) can move in the vertical direction, changing the position of the pendulum ball (34) in the vertical direction; the sliding seat (2) is placed on the horizontal sliding rail (41) through the horizontal sliding rail through hole (23), so that the sliding seat (2) can move left and right on the horizontal sliding rail (41) to change the position of the swinging ball (34) in the horizontal direction; the position of the pendulum ball (34) in a two-dimensional plane can be changed by the action of the displacement frame (4).
3. The coulomb force test instrument based on light weight levers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that one end of the traction rope (21) is arranged on the sliding seat (2) and the other end is arranged on the traction rope winding wheel (12), the position of the sliding seat (2) is changed by rotating the traction rope winding wheel (12).
4. The coulomb force experiment instrument based on light weight levers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the V-shaped conductive suspension rod (24) is matched with the M-shaped conductive suspension rod (32), ensuring that the static pendulum (3) can swing freely in vertical direction and ensuring that the pendulum ball (34) is charged.
5. The lightweight lever-based coulomb force tester of claim 1 wherein the adapter block (42) further comprises: a vertical ranging reflective sheet support bar (421); the vertical distance measurement reflecting sheet supporting rod (421) is arranged above the connecting block (42) and is used for supporting the vertical distance measurement reflecting sheet (62); the reflecting surface of the vertical distance measurement reflecting sheet (62) is flush with the suspension point of the M-shaped conductive suspension rod (32); and the upper surface of the vertical laser range finder (61) and the center of the hollow conductor ball (5) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, so that the distance from the suspension point of the pendulum ball (34) to the center of the pendulum ball in the vertical direction can be measured.
6. The lightweight lever-based coulomb force tester as recited in claim 1, wherein said horizontal range reflector shelf (64) further comprises: a fixed ruler through hole (641) and a laser pen placing hole (642); the fixed ruler through hole (641) is used for the fixed ruler (65) to pass through, the horizontal ranging reflector frame (64) is placed on the fixed ruler through hole (641), and the horizontal ranging reflector frame (64) can move freely left and right; the laser pen placing hole (642) is used for placing the laser pen (66); the light spot of the laser pen (66) and the sphere center of the hollow conductor sphere (5) are always positioned on the same horizontal plane calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrument; by moving the position of the horizontal ranging reflector frame (64), light spots of the laser pen (66) are irradiated on the position corresponding to the sphere center of the pendulum ball (34), namely, the sphere centers of the pendulum ball (34) and the hollow conductor ball (5) are ensured to be on the same horizontal plane calibrated by the coulomb force experiment instrument, and the distance between the two sphere centers can be read through the data display screen (63).
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920634916.0U CN210515843U (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever |
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| CN201920634916.0U CN210515843U (en) | 2019-05-06 | 2019-05-06 | Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111899610A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-06 | 华东师范大学 | Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111899610A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-06 | 华东师范大学 | Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever |
| CN111899610B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2024-08-20 | 华东师范大学 | Coulomb force experiment instrument based on light lever |
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