CN210487987U - Laser underwater target detection system based on gated single photon camera - Google Patents
Laser underwater target detection system based on gated single photon camera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The patent of the utility model provides a laser target detection system under water based on gate single photon camera mainly includes high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser, laser beam expander, band pass filter, imaging lens, single photon camera, computer and so on. The utility model adopts high repetition frequency pulse laser as the active illumination light source, and has the advantages of good laser directivity, high spatial resolution, high positioning precision and quick response; the single photon camera with single photon detection capability is adopted to collect signals, so that the advantages of high detection sensitivity, zero noise and high signal-to-noise ratio of the collected signals are achieved; the distance gating mode of high repetition frequency pulse laser and multi-pulse superposition is adopted, so that the target imaging noise is low; and the system has small volume, low power consumption and light weight. Therefore, the underwater target early warning system can be applied to submarine ore surveying, underwater target searching and the like, and can also play an important role in military applications such as underwater target early warning, underwater detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The patent of the utility model relates to a target detection technical field under water especially relates to a laser target detection system under water based on gate single photon camera.
Background
The sea is rich in resources such as marine organisms, submarine minerals, seawater chemistry and the like, and is a resource treasure house which is depended on by human beings to develop. The acquisition of underwater information is the key to the victory of underwater resource survey and underwater space war. The importance of an underwater object detection system is therefore conceivable. However, the conventional underwater target detection system has certain defects in application: the sonar detection system has the advantages of large underwater sound signal interference, high loss, instability, low resolution, difficulty in identifying small targets such as mines and fishing nets and the like, and certain blind areas exist in short-distance target detection; the microwave detection technology is greatly influenced by ocean currents and wind speeds.
Since the last 60 years, scientists found that the atmosphere transmission window of 470-580nm exists in seawater, and then the laser underwater detection technology is rapidly developed. At present, the laser underwater detection technology is mostly based on the range gating principle, a high-energy low-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulse laser is adopted as an illumination light source, and a gate-controlled ICCD is adopted as a detector. However, the high-energy low-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulse laser has large volume, large power consumption and heavy mass, and the airborne, satellite-borne and portable applications are severely limited; the detection sensitivity of the ICCD is typically over a dozen photons, but the readout noise is large and the signal-to-noise ratio for imaging weak signals is poor.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a laser underwater target detection system based on gate single photon camera, its single photon camera based on high repetition frequency pulse laser sum has single photon detection ability adopts high repetition frequency pulse laser sum multipulse superimposed range gate mode, has that the target imaging noise is low, the advantage of small, the low power dissipation of system, light in weight.
A laser target detection system under water based on gate single photon camera mainly includes high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser, laser beam expander, band pass filter, imaging lens, single photon camera, computer and so on.
The high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser is used as an active illumination light source of the underwater target to be detected; the laser beam expander is used for expanding the laser beam to form a uniform illumination light source; the band-pass filter is used for avoiding the interference of ambient background light; the imaging lens is used for collecting and imaging signals of an underwater target to be detected; the gate control single photon camera is used for gain amplification and gate control of echo signals and effectively detects the signals.
A laser underwater target detection system based on gate single photon camera, following beneficial effect has: the high repetition frequency pulse laser has the advantages of active laser illumination detection, good laser directivity, high spatial resolution, high positioning precision and quick response, and the single-photon camera with single-photon detection capability has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, zero noise and high signal-to-noise ratio of acquired signals; the distance gating mode of high repetition frequency pulse laser and multi-pulse superposition is adopted, so that the target imaging noise is low; the high repetition frequency pulse laser can realize the miniaturization of devices, and the underwater detection system has small volume, low power consumption and light weight.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a laser underwater target detection system based on a gated single photon camera.
The reference numbers are as follows: 101-high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser, 102-laser beam expander, 103-underwater target, 104-band-pass filter, 105-imaging lens, 106-gated single photon camera and 107-computer. The gated single photon camera 106 mainly comprises a photocathode, a double-layer MCP, a fluorescent screen, a relay lens, a detector, a gated module, a gain module, a time sequence module and the like.
FIG. 2 is a multi-pulse accumulation distance selection of laser underwater target detection system based on gate-controlled single photon cameraA timing diagram is shown. Wherein, the high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser signal, the target reflection echo signal and the single pulse signal have the same gating working frequency (namely the working frequency of the gating module), and the bandwidth is respectively delta T2、ΔT2、ΔT3(ii) a The working frequency of the detector is less than the single pulse signal gating working frequency, Delta T4>ΔT3Therefore, under the condition of single-frame exposure of the detector, a plurality of single-pulse gating signals are accumulated.
Detailed Description
With reference to the attached drawing 1, the laser underwater target detection system based on the gated single photon camera mainly comprises a 101-high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser, a 102-laser beam expander, a 103-underwater target, a 104-band pass filter, a 105-imaging lens, a 106-gated single photon camera, and a 107-computer. The gated single photon camera 106 mainly comprises a photocathode, a double-layer MCP, a fluorescent screen, a relay lens, a detector, a gated module, a gain module, a time sequence module and the like.
The gated single photon camera 106 triggers the high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser 101 to emit pulse laser signals according to a set frequency and a set time sequence through a built-in trigger output channel, and the pulse laser signals form a uniform active illumination light source after passing through the laser beam expander 102 and are emitted to an underwater target 103 to be detected; after the pulse light signals reflected by the underwater target 103 pass through the band-pass filter 104 and inhibit the ambient light signals with other wavelengths, the pulse light signals reflected by the underwater target 103 are collected by the imaging lens 105 and reach the gated single photon camera 106. The gated single photon camera 106 has high gain and gated gating functions, wherein the high gain function can realize amplification gain of weak light signals, and the gated gating function can only allow the moment when the underwater target 103 reflected signals reach the gated single photon camera 106 to be opened through a nanosecond electronic shutter, so that backscattering signals in water can be inhibited. As shown in FIG. 1, t1-t2The effective signal of the time signal is gated for detection, and the interference signals at other times are blocked by the electronic shutter of the gated single photon camera 106 and are not received outside. The echo pulse signals of the underwater target 103 acquired by the gated single photon camera 106 are finally output to the computer 107 for a technician to detect the signalsAnd (6) analyzing.
Example one
The utility model provides a single photon camera of gate control can be based on the single photon camera of microchannel plate, and it mainly includes, double-deck MCP looks like intensifier, optic fibre awl coupling lens, detector, sequential control module, gate module, casing and apron etc..
The double-layer MCP image intensifier has the functions of converting weak optical signals incident to a photocathode of the double-layer MCP image intensifier into electric signals, multiplying electrons through multi-stage amplification of a double-layer micro-channel plate (MCP), sending the multiplied electrons to a fluorescent screen, and finally realizing gain and amplification of the optical signals through electric-optical signal conversion. And the optical fiber cone coupling lens is used for coupling the amplified optical signal to the target surface of the detector by utilizing the total reflection of the optical fiber to the light. And the detector is used for collecting optical signals. And the time sequence control module is used for realizing the signal starting time sequence control triggered by data and the external derivation of the internal time sequence. And the gate control module is used for controlling the exposure time and the gate width. The front cover plate, the rear cover plate and the shell are used for packaging hardware such as the double-layer MCP image intensifier, the fiber cone coupling lens, the detector, the time sequence control module and the door control module.
The gate-controlled single photon camera performs data acquisition in a single photon counting mode: in the single photon counting mode, dark noise of a detector is counted, a counting threshold value is set, and deduction is performed. Single frame collection, wherein the optical signals of the pixel area of the effective optical signals are counted to be 1, and the counts of other pixel areas are counted to be 0; collecting multiple frames, and accumulating the counting results of the single frames; and reconstructing the gray image of the two-dimensional large area array through multi-frame counting and accumulation to form an image. The utility model discloses a single photon camera based on double-deck MCP image intensifier can realize large area array single photon level light signal count, formation of image, and resolution ratio is 1440 x 1080. The time sequence is a time sequence signal for controlling the laser and the camera, and the time sequence is provided with a high-precision clock relative to the camera and comprises an internal time sequence and an external time sequence; the door control module controls the door opening and closing time of the exposure of the camera, and can realize a 3ns shutter at the shortest time; the function and principle of the method belong to the mature technology, and are not described in detail again.
The details are as follows: the application is Chinese utility model with application number 2019101281043 of Zhongzhike instrument (Beijing) science and technology Limited, a single photon camera based on a double-layer MCP image intensifier.
1. The high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser is used as an active illuminating light source to detect an underwater target, has high peak power and good laser transmission performance, and is beneficial to improving the detection distance and the detection irradiance; compared with a low repetition frequency nanosecond laser, the high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser can realize miniaturization, and is small in size, low in power consumption and light in weight.
2. The distance gating technology detects an underwater target, slices the imaging area through 3ns gating time sequence, is beneficial to inhibiting the influence of water body back scattering on signals, and improves the laser ranging precision and the imaging signal-to-noise ratio.
3. The gated single-photon camera carries out signal acquisition, has the characteristics of zero noise, high gain and high sensitivity, and each pixel has single-photon detection capability, thereby being beneficial to realizing single-photon limit detection and high signal-to-noise ratio imaging.
4. The signal acquisition adopts a multi-pulse superposition mode, namely a plurality of light pulse signals are accumulated in one frame of acquisition, which is beneficial to improving the imaging signal-to-noise ratio.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A laser underwater target detection system based on a gated single photon camera is characterized by comprising a high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser (101), a laser beam expander (102), a band-pass filter (104), an imaging lens (105), a gated single photon camera (106) and a computer (107);
the high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser (101) is used as an active illumination light source of the underwater target to be detected and emits a pulse laser signal according to a set frequency and a set time sequence;
the laser beam expander (102) expands the pulse laser signals to form a uniform active illumination light source and illuminates an underwater target (103) to be measured;
the band-pass filter (104) is used for filtering the pulse light signals reflected by the underwater target (103) and inhibiting other light signals interfering the wavelength environment;
the imaging lens (105) is used for collecting the underwater target signal to be detected after being filtered by the band-pass filter (104) and imaging the underwater target signal to the gate-controlled single-photon camera (106);
the gated single photon camera (106) is used for triggering the high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser (101) to emit pulse laser signals according to a set frequency and a set time sequence through a built-in trigger output channel, has high gain and gated gating functions, can effectively detect the signals, and finally outputs the collected echo pulse signals of the underwater target (103) to a computer (107) for technical staff to analyze the detected signals; wherein: the high-gain function can realize amplification gain of weak light signals, and the gating function only allows the moment when the reflected signals of the underwater target (103) reach the gating single-photon camera (106) to be opened through the nanosecond electronic shutter, so that backscattering signals in water can be inhibited;
echo pulse signals of the underwater target (103) acquired by the gated single-photon camera (106) are finally output to a computer (107) for detection signal analysis of technicians.
2. The system for detecting the underwater laser target based on the gated single photon camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high repetition rate nanosecond pulse laser (101) has a repetition rate: >1000Hz, pulse width: <1ns, laser wavelength at: 470-580nm, and has an external trigger function.
3. The system for detecting the underwater laser target based on the gated single photon camera as claimed in claim 2, wherein the high repetition frequency nanosecond pulse laser (101) has a wavelength: 532nm, repetition frequency: 2000 Hz.
4. The laser underwater target detection system based on the gated single photon camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the band-pass filter (104) has a band-pass width: <5 nm.
5. The gated single photon camera based laser underwater target detection system according to claim 4, wherein the band pass filter (104) has a center wavelength: 532nm, bandpass width: <3 nm.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging lens (105) has a spectral range of: 400-700nm, focal length: >100mm, entrance pupil diameter: >80 mm.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the imaging lens (105) has a focal length of: 300mm, entrance pupil diameter: >100 mm.
8. The laser underwater target detection system based on the gated single photon camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gated single photon camera (106) has a timing control module, a gain module, a gating module and a single photon counting function, and adopts a double-layer MCP micro-channel plate to amplify the light signal, wherein the gating width is: <10ns, maximum gain: >3000, jitter: <35 ps.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the gated single photon camera (106) is a type of central intelligence science (Beijing) technology, Inc. TRC311-D-H20-U gated single photon camera.
10. The system of claim 9 for detecting underwater targets with laser based on gated single photon camera, wherein the detection band is: 200nm-700nm, MCP type: hot S20 double layer, shortest gate width: <3ns, electronic shutter repetition frequency: continuous-300 KHz, resolution: 1920 × 1200, camera maximum frame rate: 162fps, maximum optical gain: and the power amplifier is more than 55000 times, and is internally provided with an external trigger input channel and a trigger output channel.
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| CN110398750A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-01 | 中智科仪（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of Underwater Target Detection with Laser system based on gate single photon camera |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110398750A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-01 | 中智科仪（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of Underwater Target Detection with Laser system based on gate single photon camera |
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