CN210463022U - Solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment - Google Patents

Solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment Download PDF

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CN210463022U
CN210463022U CN201921516203.0U CN201921516203U CN210463022U CN 210463022 U CN210463022 U CN 210463022U CN 201921516203 U CN201921516203 U CN 201921516203U CN 210463022 U CN210463022 U CN 210463022U
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furnace
plasma
cracking
vitrification
solid
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陈凯
国玉庆
杨安凯
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Shandong Oka Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Shandong Oka Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model aims to solve the problem of providing solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment which can avoid the furnace body from being scrapped due to the blockage of a vitreous body wall and has high working efficiency, comprising a plasma burning cracking furnace for the pretreatment and reduction of hazardous waste and a vitrification melting furnace for vitrifying ash slag after the reduction treatment; the discharge port of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is communicated with the feed port of the vitrification melting furnace, and the material is firstly reduced and then vitrified.

Description

Solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a useless field of handling of danger, concretely relates to useless plasma schizolysis of solid and liquid danger and vitrification treatment facility.
Background
Hazardous waste is solid and liquid waste that has one or more hazardous characteristics (e.g., corrosive, toxic, flammable, reactive, and infectious) and is harmful to the environment or human body and needs to be disposed of as a hazardous material. The hazardous wastes have various types and wide sources, and the treatment difficulty is very high, especially the thorough harmless treatment is difficult. With the improvement of environmental regulations and standards, the treatment standards of hazardous wastes are more strict, and new and revolutionary treatment processes are also sought in society to ensure the real realization of harmless treatment and fill the blank of industrial treatment processes and methods.
At present, plasma incineration cracking and plasma vitrification technologies are the best choice for thoroughly treating hazardous wastes. The temperature of the plasma torch is far higher than that of other incinerating devices, and the high temperature can quickly gasify and crack harmful substance molecules in the dangerous waste and finally form a vitreous body, so that the aim of thorough treatment is fulfilled. At present, a plasma incineration device is also available in domestic and foreign markets, the plasma incineration device is an integrated plasma incinerator, hazardous waste is directly poured into the incinerator body for plasma incineration vitrification, and the formed glass body is hung on the wall, so that the incinerator body is blocked, the working efficiency is reduced, and finally the incinerator body is scrapped quickly.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved problem of the utility model is to provide a can avoid the furnace body to scrap and the high useless plasma schizolysis of solid and liquid danger and vitrification treatment facility of work efficiency because of the jam of vitreous body wall built-up.
The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
a solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment device comprises a plasma burning cracking furnace for preprocessing and reducing dangerous waste and a vitrification melting furnace for vitrifying ash slag after reduction treatment; the discharge port of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is communicated with the feed inlet of the vitrification melting furnace.
Furthermore, the furnace body of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is formed by sequentially communicating a plurality of unit furnace bodies;
at least one plasma generator is arranged in each unit furnace body, and a material propelling component which pushes materials along the hearth direction of the plasma incineration and cracking furnace is arranged in each unit furnace body.
Furthermore, the material propelling component comprises a rotating shaft, a variable speed motor, a stirring propelling plate and at least one stirring blade, the rotating shaft is vertically distributed, the upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the upper wall of the unit furnace body, and the variable speed motor is installed on the outer side of the upper wall of the unit furnace body and connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft; the stirring and propelling plate is transversely and fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft, and the stirring blade is fixedly connected to the upper part of the stirring and propelling plate; the bottoms of the unit furnace bodies form a slope of 3-10 degrees along the front-back direction.
Furthermore, the front side and the rear side of the stirring and propelling plate are respectively provided with a sweeping plate with adjustable height.
Furthermore, the sweeping plate is provided with a vertical adjusting long hole, and the sweeping plate is installed on the stirring propulsion plate through the adjusting bolt matched with the adjusting long hole.
Furthermore, the number of the unit furnace bodies is 3-30, and adjacent unit furnace bodies are connected through a spigot type flange plate.
Furthermore, a detachable vitrification hearth is arranged in the furnace body of the vitrification melting furnace, and at least one plasma generator is arranged in the vitrification hearth.
Furthermore, the vitrification hearth is a push-pull drawer type hearth.
Further, a feed inlet of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is communicated with a preheating hopper, a discharge outlet of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is communicated with a feed inlet of the vitrification melting furnace through a screw conveyor, and gas in the plasma incineration cracking furnace and the vitrification melting furnace is communicated into the high-temperature incineration desulfurization dust removal tail gas treatment system through an exhaust pipe.
The method for treating hazardous waste by the treatment equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, starting a plasma incineration cracking furnace and a vitrification melting furnace to preheat the interior of a furnace body;
(2) conveying the hazardous waste to be treated into a hearth of a plasma incineration cracking furnace for incineration cracking to complete pretreatment and reduction; the temperature in the plasma incineration cracking furnace is controlled within the range of 600 ℃ and 1200 ℃;
(3) the ash slag which is fully burnt and reduced in the plasma burning cracking furnace is conveyed into a vitrification melting furnace to be burnt to form a vitreous body; the temperature in the vitrification melting furnace is controlled within the range of 1300 ℃ to 1800 ℃;
(4) and opening the vitrification melting furnace, and discharging and collecting the glass body outside the furnace.
Further preferably, the exhaust gas from the plasma incineration pyrolysis furnace and the vitrification melting furnace is collected and subjected to secondary plasma combustion treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model the beneficial effect who gains as follows:
1. the waste which can be treated by the solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment equipment of the utility model comprises municipal sludge, oil field sludge, chemical waste, industrial waste salt, garbage concentrated solution, fly ash, medical waste and other hazardous waste;
the utility model discloses at first carry out the preliminary treatment minimizing to the danger useless through plasma incineration pyrolysis furnace, because the temperature control in the minimizing treatment stage is at 600 + 1200 ℃, organic matter and heavy metal in the wastes material carry out schizolysis, gasification under high temperature, can the significantly reduced wastes material weight, and the percentage that reduces weight is 92-98%. In the process, the residues form powdery ash (without vitrification) and cannot be bonded on the plasma burning cracking furnace, so that the phenomenon of furnace body blockage and scrapping is avoided. The service life of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is prolonged by 10-20 times;
because the quantity of the reduced ash is only 2-8%, the ash enters a vitrification melting furnace for plasma vitrification, the working efficiency of dangerous waste vitrification treatment is greatly improved, and the risk of whole equipment scrapping caused by wall hanging of a vitreous body is avoided;
2. the plasma incineration cracking furnace is formed by connecting and combining a plurality of unit furnace bodies through the spigot type flange plates, and hazardous waste materials sequentially pass through all the unit furnace bodies through the material propelling component to be incinerated and cracked, so that the incineration cracking continuity of the hazardous waste materials is ensured, and the working efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, when a unit furnace body is damaged, the unit furnace body can be detached and replaced, so that the time for hazardous waste incineration and cracking treatment is not delayed, and the working efficiency is greatly improved;
3. the vitrification furnace chamber is a push-pull drawer type furnace chamber, and when excessive glass bodies are hung on the wall of the vitrification furnace chamber, the vitrification furnace chamber can be directly extracted and replaced, so that the work of maintaining the whole vitrification melting furnace is avoided, and the work efficiency is greatly improved;
4. useless plasma schizolysis of solid and liquid danger and vitrification treatment facility can the ordinary solid useless of compatible processing and liquid useless.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole process system of the solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the plasma incineration and cracking furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the unit furnace body of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the material propelling component of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the vitrification melter of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a plasma incineration cracking furnace, 2, a vitrification melting furnace, 21, a vitrification hearth, 3, a material propelling component, 31, a rotating shaft, 32, a variable speed motor, 33, a stirring propelling plate, 34, stirring blades, 35, a sweeping plate, 4, a high-temperature incineration desulfurization and dust removal tail gas treatment system, 5, a preheating hopper, 6 and a screw conveyor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in figure 1, the solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment equipment mainly comprises a preheating hopper 5, a plasma burning cracking furnace 1 for preprocessing and reducing waste, a vitrifying melting furnace 2 for vitrifying reduced ash, a screw conveyor 6 and a high-temperature burning desulfurization dust removal tail gas treatment system 4 for treating tail gas. The preheating hopper 5 is communicated with the feeding hole of the plasma incineration and cracking furnace 1, and the discharge hole of the plasma incineration and cracking furnace 1 is communicated with the feeding hole of the vitrification melting furnace 2 through a screw conveyer 6. The gas in the plasma incineration cracking furnace 1 and the vitrification melting furnace 2 is communicated to a high-temperature incineration desulfurization dust removal tail gas treatment system 4 through an exhaust pipe.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2-4, the furnace body of the plasma incineration cracking furnace is formed by sequentially and transversely communicating 3-30 sections of unit furnace bodies, and the hearths in all the unit furnace bodies are connected to form a long hearth channel of the incineration cracking furnace body. The inside of each unit furnace body is a plurality of layers of high-temperature resistant cotton linings, and the shell is made of stainless steel. The upper wall of the first unit furnace body is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe, so that the inside smoke can be conveniently exhausted. And adjacent unit furnace bodies are connected in a sealing way through a spigot type flange plate. Therefore, the number of the unit furnace bodies is increased and reduced according to the requirement, the flexible use is realized, and the replacement and the maintenance are convenient.
In order to ensure the incineration stability of the plasma torch, 4 plasma generators are respectively arranged on the upper side wall, the left side wall and the right side wall of each unit furnace body in a penetrating way, wherein the power of the plasma generator 4 is 3kw, so that the temperature in the unit furnace body can be within the range of 600 plus 1200 ℃. A material propelling component 3 which can push the materials along the direction of the hearth channel of the incineration and cracking furnace body is arranged in each unit furnace body. The material propelling component 3 comprises a rotating shaft 31, a variable speed motor 32, a stirring propelling plate 33 and two stirring blades 34, wherein the rotating shaft 31 is vertically distributed, the upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the upper wall of the unit furnace body, and the variable speed motor 32 is arranged on the outer side of the upper wall of the unit furnace body and connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft 31. In order to adjust the height of the rotating shaft when the debugging equipment is installed, a motor support plate with a vertical adjusting long hole is installed on the outer side of the upper wall of the unit furnace body, and a variable speed motor 32 is installed on the motor support plate through an adjusting bolt matched with the adjusting long hole. Thus, the height of the rotating shaft is controlled to a proper position by adjusting the height of the variable speed motor. The stirring propulsion plate 33 is transversely fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 31, and the two stirring blades 34 are fixedly connected to the upper portion of the stirring propulsion plate 33, so that when the rotating shaft rotates, the stirring blades can stir materials. The stirring and propelling plate 33 can rotationally propel materials, and in order to propel the materials better, the front side and the rear side of the stirring and propelling plate 33 are respectively provided with a material sweeping plate 35 with adjustable height. Vertical to regulation slot hole has all been processed on two flitch 35 of sweeping, sweep flitch 35 and adjust the slot hole through adjusting bolt cooperation and install on stirring propulsion plate 33. The height of the material sweeping plate can be adjusted to control the distance from the bottom of the unit furnace body, and the material sweeping device can be suitable for propelling materials with different quantities and types. Meanwhile, in order to ensure good transportability of hazardous waste materials, the bottoms of all unit furnace bodies form a gradient of 5 degrees along the direction of a feed inlet far away from the incineration cracking furnace body, so that the material sweeping plates are matched to push and convey the materials in a directional manner at one side by means of the gradient. The height of the stirring and pushing plate 33 from the bottom of the unit furnace body is gradually reduced along the direction of the feed port far away from the incineration and cracking furnace body. Therefore, the continuous material passing through the incineration and cracking furnace chamber is ensured, and the material breaking phenomenon is avoided.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, a vitrification furnace 21 is installed in a furnace body of the vitrification melting furnace 2, the vitrification furnace 21 is a sliding-drawer type furnace, and can be opened and closed and also can be detached and replaced through manual external drawing, a plasma generator is respectively arranged on the rear wall, the left wall and the right wall of the furnace body corresponding to the vitrification furnace 21 in a penetrating manner, the ejection heads of the three plasma generators face the interior of the vitrification furnace, the power of the plasma generator at the position is 7kw, and the temperature in the vitrification melting furnace can be controlled within the range of 1300-1800 ℃.
The high-temperature incineration desulfurization dust removal tail gas treatment system is a mature system for treating harmful waste gas in the prior art, mainly performs high-temperature combustion and desulfurization dust removal, and is not described in detail here.
Solid and liquid danger waste plasma schizolysis and vitrification treatment facility handle solid and liquid hazardous waste's method, including following step:
1. firstly, starting a plasma incineration cracking furnace and a vitrification melting furnace to preheat the interior of a furnace body, controlling the temperature in the plasma incineration cracking furnace within the range of 600-plus-1200 ℃, and controlling the temperature in the vitrification melting furnace within the range of 1300-plus-1800 ℃;
2. conveying the liquid dangerous waste to be treated to the inside of a hearth of a plasma incineration cracking furnace for incineration cracking after passing through a preheating hopper, starting to work by a plasma generator and a material propelling component in each unit furnace body, sequentially carrying out incineration cracking on the liquid dangerous waste through each unit furnace body, and stirring materials at the same time, so that the dangerous waste can be continuously conveyed and can be fully cracked to form ash, and finally finishing pretreatment reduction, wherein the reduction can be reduced by 92-98%;
3. the ash slag which is fully burnt and reduced in the plasma burning cracking furnace is conveyed to a vitrification melting furnace through a screw conveyor to be burnt to form a glass body; inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are also solidified into the vitreous body, so that no secondary pollution is thoroughly achieved;
4. and opening the vitrification melting furnace, discharging the glass body out of the furnace, and collecting the glass body, wherein the glass body is finally recycled.
In the course of the work, when certain unit furnace body of plasma incineration pyrolysis furnace damaged, can dismantle the replacement with this unit furnace body, can not delay useless incineration pyrolysis treatment time of danger, vitrification furnace is push-and-pull drawer type furnace, and the too much vitreous body of hanging in it can directly be taken out and replaced, has avoided the work of the whole vitrification melting furnace of maintenance, has improved work efficiency greatly.
Useless plasma schizolysis of solid and liquid danger and vitrification treatment facility not only can handle solid and the dangerous wastes material of liquid, also can handle ordinary solid-liquid wastes material, only need with vitrification melting furnace separately can to realize the pluralism of function.
Example 1
The following takes the common oilfield sludge in the solid hazardous waste treated by the plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment and method for the solid and liquid hazardous waste as an example, and the specific treatment process is as follows:
1. firstly, starting a plasma incineration cracking furnace and a vitrification melting furnace to preheat the interior of a furnace body;
2. 160 tons of oil sludge to be treated is uniformly conveyed to the interior of a hearth of five groups of 120-section plasma incineration cracking furnaces within 20 hours after passing through a preheating hopper for incineration cracking, the incineration temperature is controlled to be between 600 ℃ and 1000 ℃, a plasma generator and a material propelling component in each unit furnace body start to work, the oil sludge sequentially passes through each unit furnace body for incineration cracking, materials are stirred simultaneously, the oil sludge is continuously conveyed and can be fully cracked to form ash, the weight of the residual ash is 8 tons, and the amount of the residual ash can be reduced by 95%;
3. fully incinerating the reduced 8 tons of ash in the plasma incineration cracking furnace, conveying the ash to the vitrification melting furnace through a screw conveyor within 20 hours, and incinerating the ash for 40 minutes to form a vitreous body, wherein the temperature in the vitrification melting furnace is controlled within the range of 1500-1800 ℃; inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are solidified into the vitreous body, so that no secondary pollution is thoroughly achieved;
4. and opening the vitrification melting furnace, discharging the glass body out of the furnace, and collecting the glass body, wherein the glass body is finally recycled.
Example 2
Taking the common garbage concentrated solution in the liquid hazardous waste treated by the solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment equipment and method as an example, the specific treatment process is as follows:
1. firstly, starting a plasma incineration cracking furnace and a vitrification melting furnace to preheat the interior of a furnace body;
2. 120 tons of garbage leachate to be treated (the water content is about 98 percent) is uniformly conveyed into the hearths of 3 groups of 90-section plasma incineration cracking furnaces within 20 hours through a preheating hopper for incineration cracking for 1 hour, the incineration temperature is controlled to be between 600 and 800 ℃, plasma generators and material propelling components in each unit furnace body start to work and are fully stirred, so that concentrated solution is continuously and fully cracked to form ash, the weight of the residual ash is 2.4 tons, and the reduction amount can be 98 percent;
3. 2.4 tons of ash slag after being fully burnt and reduced in the plasma burning cracking furnace is conveyed to the vitrification melting furnace through a screw conveyor to be burnt for 40 minutes to form a vitreous body, and the temperature is controlled between 1500 ℃ and 1800 ℃; inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are also solidified into the vitreous body, so that no secondary pollution is thoroughly achieved;
4. and opening the vitrification melting furnace, discharging the glass body out of the furnace, and collecting the glass body, wherein the glass body is finally recycled.
Example 3
The solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment equipment and the method can be used for treating fly ash and can also obtain good effect, and the specific treatment process is as follows:
1. firstly, starting a plasma incineration cracking furnace and a vitrification melting furnace to preheat the interior of a furnace body;
2. 120 tons of fly ash to be treated is uniformly conveyed to the interior of a hearth of a 20-section plasma incineration cracking furnace for incineration for 10 minutes after passing through a preheating hopper within 20 hours, the incineration temperature is controlled to be between 850 ℃ and 1000 ℃, dioxin in the fly ash is removed, and the fly ash is heated;
3. the fly ash burned by the plasma burning cracking furnace is conveyed into the vitrification melting furnace through a screw conveyor to be burned for 40 minutes, the burning temperature is controlled between 1600 ℃ and 1800 ℃, finally, a vitreous body is formed, the volume is reduced by 55 percent, inorganic pollutants such as heavy metal and the like are also solidified into the vitreous body, and the purpose of thoroughly achieving no secondary pollution is achieved;
4. and opening the vitrification melting furnace, discharging the glass body out of the furnace, and collecting the glass body, wherein the glass body is finally recycled.

Claims (9)

1. The solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment equipment is characterized by comprising a plasma burning cracking furnace (1) for preprocessing and reducing dangerous waste and a vitrifying melting furnace (2) for vitrifying ash slag after reduction treatment; the discharge port of the plasma incineration pyrolysis furnace (1) is communicated with the feed port of the vitrification melting furnace (2).
2. The solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying processing equipment of claim 1, wherein the furnace body of the plasma incineration cracking furnace (1) is formed by sequentially communicating a plurality of unit furnace bodies;
at least one plasma generator is arranged in each unit furnace body, and a material propelling component (3) which pushes materials along the hearth direction of the plasma incineration and cracking furnace is arranged in each unit furnace body.
3. The apparatus for cracking and vitrifying solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma according to claim 2, wherein the material propelling assembly (3) comprises a rotating shaft (31), a variable speed motor (32), a stirring propelling plate (33) and at least one stirring blade (34), the rotating shaft (31) is vertically distributed, the upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the upper wall of the unit furnace body, and the variable speed motor (32) is installed outside the upper wall of the unit furnace body and connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft (31); the stirring and propelling plate (33) is transversely and fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft (31), and the stirring blade (34) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the stirring and propelling plate (33); the bottoms of the unit furnace bodies form a slope of 3-10 degrees along the front-back direction.
4. The apparatus for cracking and vitrifying solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma according to claim 3, wherein the front and rear sides of the stirring and propelling plate (33) are respectively provided with a height-adjustable material sweeping plate (35).
5. The apparatus for cracking and vitrifying solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma according to claim 4, wherein the material sweeping plate (35) is provided with vertical adjusting long holes, and the material sweeping plate (35) is installed on the stirring and propelling plate (33) through adjusting bolts matching with the adjusting long holes.
6. The solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment equipment of claim 2, wherein the number of the unit furnace bodies is 3-30, and adjacent unit furnace bodies are connected through a spigot type flange.
7. The apparatus for cracking and vitrifying solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that a detachable vitrification hearth (21) is provided in the body of the vitrification fusion furnace (2), and at least one plasma generator is provided in the vitrification hearth.
8. The solid and liquid hazardous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the vitrification furnace (21) is a push-pull drawer type furnace.
9. The apparatus for cracking and vitrifying solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the feed inlet of the plasma incineration cracking furnace (1) is communicated with a preheating hopper (5), the discharge outlet of the plasma incineration cracking furnace (1) is communicated with the feed inlet of the vitrification melting furnace (2) through a screw conveyor (6), and the gas in the plasma incineration cracking furnace (1) and the vitrification melting furnace (2) is communicated to the high temperature incineration desulfurization dust removal tail gas treatment system (4) through an exhaust pipe.
CN201921516203.0U 2019-09-12 2019-09-12 Solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrification treatment equipment Active CN210463022U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110486731A (en) * 2019-09-12 2019-11-22 山东欧卡环保工程有限公司 Solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying processing equipment and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110486731A (en) * 2019-09-12 2019-11-22 山东欧卡环保工程有限公司 Solid and liquid dangerous waste plasma cracking and vitrifying processing equipment and method

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