CN210454400U - Heat pump air conditioner of electric automobile - Google Patents
Heat pump air conditioner of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN210454400U CN210454400U CN201921540036.3U CN201921540036U CN210454400U CN 210454400 U CN210454400 U CN 210454400U CN 201921540036 U CN201921540036 U CN 201921540036U CN 210454400 U CN210454400 U CN 210454400U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner, include: compressor component, outer heat transfer subassembly, interior heat transfer subassembly and power source subassembly. The external heat exchange component exchanges heat with air outside the vehicle. The inner heat exchange assembly exchanges heat with air in the passenger compartment. The compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly are connected through a heat transfer pipeline, a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves are installed on the heat transfer pipeline, and carbon dioxide is used as a heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipeline. The power source assembly forms a closed loop, circulating media are arranged in the closed loop, and the closed loop exchanges heat with the heat transfer pipeline through the heat exchanger. The operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is changed by controlling the flow direction of the heat transfer medium and the sequence of the heat transfer medium flowing through the compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly through a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves. The utility model discloses keep the function of refining of heat pump, compromise the cold and hot demand of battery simultaneously, realized the dual target of energy optimization and travelling comfort best.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an automobile parts, more specifically say, relate to a heat pump air conditioner that electric automobile used.
Background
The refrigerant used in conventional automotive air conditioning systems is primarily HFC-134 a. HFC-134a has no ozone layer-damaging effect (ODP of 0), but has a relatively high global warming potential (GWP of 1300). From 2017 onwards, new production vehicles in the european union stopped using HFC-134a as an automotive air conditioning refrigerant. In 2019, 1 month and 1 day, the project of "Montreal protocol" Jiugali amendments takes effect formally, and the world is greatly reducing the production and consumption of the strong greenhouse gas HFCs and limiting the global warming. It is therefore expected that the use of HFC-134a will be greatly reduced.
Carbon dioxide is an ideal medium for replacing HFC-134a as the refrigerant of the air conditioner of the automobile. However, air conditioning systems using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant also have two important drawbacks during use: carbon dioxide is used as a cold medium of the air conditioning system, and the exhaust temperature and pressure are too high during high-temperature refrigeration, so that the energy consumption of the system is very high, and the normal work of each part of the system is damaged. In a heat pump system using carbon dioxide as a medium, an external heat exchanger is prone to frosting during heating circulation, and therefore heat exchange performance of the system is reduced. In order to prevent the external heat exchanger from frosting, a reverse triangular circulation method is adopted in the current common method. The reverse-delta cycle method must temporarily interrupt heating of the passenger compartment and is liable to occur frosting again after the reverse-delta cycle method is stopped. Therefore, passengers experience badly in the heating mode of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioner, and the heating effect is not ideal because frosting is easy to happen.
For a traditional fuel oil vehicle, heating can be performed by using waste heat of an engine, so that the dependence on an air conditioner in a winter heating mode is not high. However, for the electric automobile, because no waste heat of the engine can be utilized, the heating completely depends on the air conditioner. At the moment, the defect of poor heating effect of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioner is obvious, and the heating of the passenger compartment needs to be interrupted frequently to defrost the external heat exchanger.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an use carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, be applicable to electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment provides an electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner, include: compressor component, outer heat transfer subassembly, interior heat transfer subassembly and power source subassembly. The external heat exchange component exchanges heat with air outside the vehicle. The inner heat exchange assembly exchanges heat with air in the passenger compartment. The compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly are connected through a heat transfer pipeline, a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves are installed on the heat transfer pipeline, and carbon dioxide is used as a heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipeline. The power source assembly forms a closed loop, circulating media are arranged in the closed loop, and the closed loop exchanges heat with the heat transfer pipeline through the heat exchanger. The operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is changed by controlling the flow direction of the heat transfer medium and the sequence of the heat transfer medium flowing through the compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly through a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves.
In one embodiment, a compressor assembly includes: a compressor and a gas-liquid separator. The output of the compressor is connected to the heat transfer line through a pilot valve, the output of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor, and the input of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the heat transfer line through a shutoff valve.
In one embodiment, the external heat exchange assembly comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a fan, a first outer heat exchanger and a second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel. The fan drives the air outside the vehicle to blow through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger for heat exchange. The first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are respectively connected into the heat transfer pipeline through stop valves. In different operating modes, the first and second outer heat exchangers are configured as evaporators or condensers.
In one embodiment, the inner heat exchange assembly comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a blower, a first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger which are connected in series. The blower drives air in the passenger compartment to blow through the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger for heat exchange. A throttle valve is arranged between the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger, and the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger which are connected in series are connected into a heat transfer pipeline through the throttle valve. In different operating modes, the first and second internal heat exchangers are configured as evaporators or condensers.
In one embodiment, a power source assembly comprises: the PTC loop and the heat pump loop are communicated through the guide valve to form a closed loop together. The PTC loop comprises a first pump, a PTC heater, a battery and a first heat exchanger, the first pump drives a circulating medium to flow in the PTC loop, the PTC loop is connected to the first heat exchanger, a heat transfer pipeline positioned in the outer heat exchange assembly is also connected to the first heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium and the circulating medium in the PTC loop exchange heat in the first heat exchanger. The heat pump loop comprises a second pump, a battery and a second heat exchanger, the second pump drives a circulating medium to flow in the heat pump loop, the heat pump loop is connected to the second heat exchanger, a branch connected with the inner heat exchange assembly in parallel is arranged in the heat transfer pipeline, a throttle valve is arranged on the branch, the branch is also connected to the second heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium in the branch exchanges heat with the circulating medium in the heat pump loop in the second heat exchanger.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioner refrigeration mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor and flows through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel through the guide valve, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to be evaporators to enable the heat transfer medium to dissipate heat, the heat transfer medium flows through the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger which are connected in series after being throttled by the throttle valve, the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger are configured to be condensers to enable the heat transfer medium to absorb heat, and the heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator to be subjected to gas.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioner to battery cooling mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, flows through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel through the guide valve, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to be evaporators so that the heat transfer medium dissipates heat, the heat transfer medium flows through the branch and enters the second heat exchanger after being throttled by the throttle valve, the second pump operates, the circulating medium flows in the heat pump loop and enters the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium and the circulating medium exchange heat in the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat and dissipates heat, the circulating medium cools the battery, the heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator to perform gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioner refrigeration and battery cooling mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, flows through a first outer heat exchanger and a second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel through a guide valve, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to be evaporators so that the heat transfer medium radiates heat, the heat transfer medium is divided into two paths, one path of the heat transfer medium flows through a first inner heat exchanger and a second inner heat exchanger which are connected in series after being throttled by a throttle valve, the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger are configured to be condensers so that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat, the other path of the heat transfer medium flows through a branch circuit after being throttled by the throttle valve and enters the second heat exchanger, the second pump works, the circulating medium flows in the heat pump loop and enters the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium and the circulating medium exchange, the circulating medium cools the battery, and the two paths of heat transfer media are combined and then flow into a gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, and then enter a compressor.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioner dehumidification or heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, flows through the second inner heat exchanger and the first inner heat exchanger which are connected in series through the guide valve to dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment, then flows through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to be evaporators, so that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat, and flows into the gas-liquid separator to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioner dehumidification or heating and battery heat pump heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, passes through the guide valve and is divided into two paths, one path of the heat transfer medium flows through the second inner heat exchanger and the first inner heat exchanger which are connected in series to dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment, the other path of the heat transfer medium flows through the branch and enters the second heat exchanger, the second pump operates, the circulating medium flows in the heat pump loop and enters the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium and the circulating medium exchange heat in the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium dissipates heat and absorbs heat, the circulating medium heats the battery, the two paths of the heat transfer medium are combined and then flow through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured as evaporators to absorb heat of the heat transfer medium, and then enters the compressor.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is an air conditioner dehumidification or heating and battery PTC heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, flows through the second inner heat exchanger and the first inner heat exchanger which are connected in series through the guide valve to dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment, then flows through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to be evaporators, so that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat, and flows into the gas-liquid separator to be subjected to gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor. The first pump and the PTC heater are operated, the PTC heater generates heat, the circulating medium flows in the PTC circuit, and the battery is heated by the circulating medium heated by the PTC heater.
In one embodiment, a throttle valve between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger is throttled, and the throttle valve connected to the heat transfer pipeline is fully opened, the first internal heat exchanger is configured as an evaporator, and the second internal heat exchanger is configured as a condenser, and dehumidification is performed. The throttle valve between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger is fully opened, the throttle valve connected to the heat transfer pipeline is throttled, and the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger are both configured as condensers for heating.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is a battery heat pump heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, flows through the branch circuit through the guide valve and enters the second heat exchanger, the second pump operates, the circulating medium flows in the heat pump loop and enters the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium and the circulating medium exchange heat in the second heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium dissipates heat and absorbs heat, the circulating medium heats the battery, the heat transfer medium is combined and then flows through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to be evaporators so that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat, and the heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator to be subjected to gas-liquid separation and then enters the.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is a battery PTC heating mode, the compressor is not operated, the first pump and the PTC heater are operated, the PTC heater generates heat, the circulating medium flows in the PTC loop, and the battery is heated by the circulating medium heated by the PTC heater.
In one embodiment, the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is a power source auxiliary air conditioner dehumidification or heating mode, at least one of the first outer heat exchanger or the second outer heat exchanger frosts, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor, flows through the second inner heat exchanger and the first inner heat exchanger which are connected in series through the guide valve, dehumidifies or heats the passenger compartment, flows through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger which are connected in parallel, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are configured to enable the heat transfer medium to absorb heat, and the heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator to be subjected to gas-liquid separation and then enters the compressor. The first pump works, the circulating medium flows in the PTC loop, waste heat of the battery heats the circulating medium, the heated circulating medium enters the first heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium also enters the first heat exchanger, the circulating medium and the heat transfer medium exchange heat in the first heat exchanger, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat and the circulating medium dissipates heat, and the circulating medium heats the heat transfer medium.
In one embodiment, a PTC heater operates, which heats the circulating medium to assist in heating the heat transfer medium.
The utility model discloses an electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner has a plurality of heat exchangers, can be configured into a plurality of condensers and/or a plurality of evaporimeter to improve system's heat transfer ability. When the system heats, the heat exchanger is started to absorb the residual heat of the PTC or the battery, so that the frosting of the heat pump is avoided. The system keeps all thinning functions of dehumidification and the like of the heat pump, simultaneously considers the cold and hot requirements of the battery, also utilizes the waste heat of the battery, and realizes the double aims of energy optimization and comfort optimization.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like features throughout, and in which:
fig. 1 discloses a block diagram of a heat pump air conditioner of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 discloses a schematic layout position diagram of the outer heat exchanger and the inner heat exchanger of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in an air-conditioning cooling mode.
Fig. 4 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, which operates in an air conditioning and battery cooling mode.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in an air-conditioning cooling mode and a battery cooling mode.
Fig. 6 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle working in an air conditioning dehumidification or heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle operating in an air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery heat pump heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle operating in an air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery PTC heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle working in the battery heat pump heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle in the battery PTC heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric vehicle heat pump air conditioner operating in a power source assisted air conditioning dehumidification or heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a heat pump air conditioner for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 discloses a schematic layout position of the outer heat exchanger and the inner heat exchanger of the heat pump air conditioner. As shown in the figure, the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle includes: compressor component, outer heat transfer subassembly, interior heat transfer subassembly and power source subassembly. The compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly are connected through a heat transfer pipeline, a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves are installed on the heat transfer pipeline, and carbon dioxide is used as a heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipeline. The power source assembly forms a closed loop, circulating media are arranged in the closed loop, and the closed loop exchanges heat with the heat transfer pipeline through the heat exchanger. The operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is changed by controlling the flow direction of the heat transfer medium and the sequence of the heat transfer medium flowing through the compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly through a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves.
In the illustrated embodiment, the compressor assembly comprises a compressor 1 and a gas-liquid separator 17. The output of the compressor 1 is connected to the heat transfer line via a pilot valve 2, in the illustrated embodiment the pilot valve 2 is a three-way valve which can control the flow direction of the heat transfer medium (i.e. carbon dioxide) output from the compressor 1. The output of the gas liquid separator 17 is connected to the compressor and the input of the gas liquid separator is connected to the heat transfer line through a shut-off valve. In the illustrated embodiment, the input of the gas-liquid separator 17 is connected to two directional heat transfer lines. The heat transfer line and the gas-liquid separator 17 are connected in both directions by a shut-off valve 15 and a shut-off valve 16, respectively.
The external heat exchange component exchanges heat with air outside the vehicle. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer heat exchange assembly includes: a fan 5, a first outer heat exchanger 3 and a second outer heat exchanger 4 connected in parallel. The fan 5 drives the air outside the vehicle to blow through the first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 for heat exchange. Referring to fig. 2, a first outer heat exchanger 3 and a second outer heat exchanger 4 are installed at the front end of the vehicle to facilitate heat exchange with air outside the vehicle by a fan 5. Returning to fig. 1, the first and 3 second outer heat exchangers 4 are each connected into the heat transfer line via shut-off valves 6 and 7. The first outer heat exchanger 3 is connected with the stop valve 6, the second outer heat exchanger 4 is connected with the stop valve 7, and the first outer heat exchanger 3 and the stop valve 6 as well as the second outer heat exchanger 4 and the stop valve 7 form a parallel connection mode. In different operating modes, the first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 are configured as evaporators or as condensers.
The inner heat exchange assembly exchanges heat with air in the passenger compartment. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner heat exchange assembly comprises: a blower 11, a first internal heat exchanger 12 and a second internal heat exchanger 13 connected in series. The blower 11 blows air in the passenger compartment through the first inner heat exchanger 12 and the second inner heat exchanger 13 for heat exchange. Referring to fig. 2, the first and second internal heat exchangers 12 and 13 are installed at an engine compartment and a passenger compartment of the vehicle at a position where they are interfaced to facilitate heat exchange between the blower 11 and air in the passenger compartment. Returning to fig. 1, a throttle valve 14 is installed between the first internal heat exchanger 12 and the second internal heat exchanger 13, and the first internal heat exchanger 12 and the second internal heat exchanger 13 connected in series are connected to the heat transfer line through the throttle valve 9. The throttle valve 14 is a throttle valve between the first inner heat exchanger 12 and the second inner heat exchanger 13, and regulates the flow rate of the heat transfer medium between the two inner heat exchangers. The throttle valve 9 is a throttle valve which is connected into the heat transfer pipeline of the whole of the first internal heat exchanger 12 and the second internal heat exchanger 13 which are connected in series, and is used for regulating the flow rate of the heat transfer medium flowing into the whole of the two internal heat exchangers. In different operating modes, the first and second internal heat exchangers 12, 13 are configured as evaporators or condensers.
The power source assembly forms a closed loop, circulating media are arranged in the closed loop, and the closed loop exchanges heat with the heat transfer pipeline through the heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the circulating medium in the closed circuit is water. Referring to FIG. 1, a power source assembly includes: the PTC loop and the heat pump loop are communicated through a guide valve 20 to form a closed loop together. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the pilot valve 20 is a three-way valve, both the PTC circuit and the heat pump circuit contain a battery 21, and the PTC circuit or the heat pump circuit is conducted by the pilot valve 20 to cool, heat or conduct heat to the battery. As shown, the PTC circuit includes a first pump 18, a PTC heater 19, a battery 21, and a first heat exchanger 8. The first pump 18 drives the circulating medium to flow in the PTC loop, the PTC loop is connected into the first heat exchanger 8, the heat transfer pipeline in the outer heat exchange assembly is also connected into the first heat exchanger 8, and the heat transfer medium (carbon dioxide) and the circulating medium (water) in the PTC loop exchange heat in the first heat exchanger 8. The heat pump circuit comprises a second pump 22, a battery 21 and a second heat exchanger 23. The second pump 22 drives the circulating medium to flow in the heat pump loop, the heat pump loop is connected to the second heat exchanger 23, a branch circuit connected with the inner heat exchange assembly in parallel is arranged in the heat transfer pipeline, the branch circuit is provided with the throttle valve 10, and the branch circuit is also connected to the second heat exchanger 23. The heat transfer medium (carbon dioxide) in the branch exchanges heat with the circulating medium (water) in the heat pump circuit in the second heat exchanger 23.
The utility model discloses an electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner passes through several guide valve, choke valve and stop valve control heat transfer medium's flow direction and the order of flowing through compressor component, outer heat transfer subassembly and interior heat transfer subassembly to change heat pump air conditioner's mode of operation.
Fig. 3 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in an air-conditioning cooling mode. Referring to fig. 3, in the air-conditioning cooling mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor 1, flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel via the pilot valve 2, the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 are configured as evaporators so that the heat transfer medium dissipates heat, and the shutoff valves 6 and 7 are both open. Throttle valve 10 is closed and neither first pump 18 nor second pump 22 is operating. The throttle valve 9 is communicated, the heat transfer medium flows through the first internal heat exchanger 12 and the second internal heat exchanger 13 which are connected in series after being throttled by the throttle valve 9, and the throttle valve 14 between the first internal heat exchanger 12 and the second internal heat exchanger 13 is communicated. The first and second inner heat exchangers 12 and 13 are configured as condensers such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The stop valve 16 is closed and the stop valve 15 is opened. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 15 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. The two outer heat exchangers and the two inner heat exchangers are configured in a double-evaporator and double-condenser mode, so that the refrigerating effect is better.
Fig. 4 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, which operates in an air conditioning and battery cooling mode. Referring to fig. 4, in the air-conditioning battery cooling mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor 1, flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel via the pilot valve 2, the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 are configured as evaporators so that the heat transfer medium dissipates heat, and both the shutoff valves 6 and 7 are open. The throttle valve 9 is closed and the heat transfer medium does not flow through the two inner heat exchangers. The throttle valve 10 is opened and the heat transfer medium is throttled by the throttle valve 10 and flows through the bypass and into the second heat exchanger 23. The first pump 18 is not operated and thus the circulating medium in the PTC circuit does not flow. The second pump 22 is operated and the circulating medium flows in the heat pump circuit and enters the second heat exchanger 23. The heat transfer medium and the circulating medium perform heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 23, and the heat transfer medium absorbs heat while the circulating medium dissipates heat. The cooled circulating medium flows through the battery 21 in the heat pump circuit to cool the battery 21. The stop valve 16 is closed and the stop valve 15 is opened. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 15 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in an air-conditioning cooling mode and a battery cooling mode. Referring to fig. 5, in the air-conditioning cooling and battery cooling mode, the heat transfer medium flows out of the compressor 1, flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel via the pilot valve 2, the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 are configured as evaporators so that the heat transfer medium dissipates heat, and the shutoff valves 6 and 7 are both open. Both throttles 9 and 10 are open and the heat transfer medium is divided into two. One of the heat transfer media flows through a first internal heat exchanger 12 and a second internal heat exchanger 13 which are connected in series after being throttled by a throttle valve 9, and a throttle valve 14 between the first internal heat exchanger 12 and the second internal heat exchanger 13 is communicated. The first and second inner heat exchangers 12 and 13 are configured as condensers such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The other heat transfer medium is throttled by throttle valve 10 and flows through a bypass and into second heat exchanger 23. The first pump 18 is not operated and thus the circulating medium in the PTC circuit does not flow. The second pump 22 is operated and the circulating medium flows in the heat pump circuit and enters the second heat exchanger 23. The heat transfer medium and the circulating medium perform heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 23, and the heat transfer medium absorbs heat while the circulating medium dissipates heat. The cooled circulating medium flows through the battery 21 in the heat pump circuit to cool the battery 21. The stop valve 16 is closed and the stop valve 15 is opened. The two paths of heat transfer media are merged and then flow into a gas-liquid separator 17 through a stop valve 15 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enter a compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. The two outer heat exchangers and the two inner heat exchangers are configured in a double-evaporator and double-condenser mode, so that the refrigerating effect is better.
Fig. 6 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle working in an air conditioning dehumidification or heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, in the air conditioner dehumidification or heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows from the compressor 1 through the second inner heat exchanger 13 and the first inner heat exchanger 12 connected in series via the pilot valve 2. Both the throttle valve 14 and the throttle valve 9 are open and the heat transfer medium flows through the second internal heat exchanger 13, through the throttle valve 14 through the first internal heat exchanger 12 and through the throttle valve 9. Two internal heat exchangers dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment. Throttle valve 10 is closed and neither first pump 18 nor second pump 22 is operating. Both shut-off valves 6 and 7 are open and the heat transfer medium flowing out of the throttle valve 9 flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel. The first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 are configured as evaporators such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The shut-off valve 16 is opened and the shut-off valve 15 is closed. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 16 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. By adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valves 9 and 14, the function of dehumidification or heating can be achieved. Specifically, the throttle valve 14 between the first and second internal heat exchangers is throttled, the throttle valve 9 connected to the heat transfer line is fully opened, the first internal heat exchanger 12 is configured as an evaporator, and the second internal heat exchanger 13 is configured as a condenser, and a dehumidification mode in which cooling dehumidification is performed first and then heating is performed. The throttle valve 14 between the first and second inner heat exchangers is fully open, while the throttle valve 9 into the heat transfer line is throttled, and both the first and second inner heat exchangers 12, 13 are configured as condensers, performing heating mode.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle operating in an air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery heat pump heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 7, in the air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery heat pump heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows from the compressor 1 through the pilot valve 2 and is divided into two paths. One of the heat transfer media flows through the second inner heat exchanger 13 and the first inner heat exchanger 12 in series. Both the throttle valve 14 and the throttle valve 9 are open and the heat transfer medium flows through the second internal heat exchanger 13, through the throttle valve 14 through the first internal heat exchanger 12 and through the throttle valve 9. Two internal heat exchangers dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment. The throttle valve 10 is also open and the first pump 18 is not operated. The other branch with the heat transfer medium flow throttle valve 10 is located and enters the second heat exchanger 23. The second pump 22 is operated and the circulating medium flows in the heat pump circuit and enters the second heat exchanger 23. The heat transfer medium (carbon dioxide) and the circulating medium (water) exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 23, and the heat transfer medium dissipates heat while the circulating medium absorbs heat. The heated circulating medium flows through the battery 21 in the heat pump circuit to heat the battery 21. Both shut-off valves 6 and 7 are open and the two heat transfer media flowing from the throttle 9 and the throttle 10 are combined to flow through the first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 in parallel. The first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 are configured as evaporators such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The shut-off valve 16 is opened and the shut-off valve 15 is closed. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 16 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. By adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valves 9 and 14, the function of dehumidification or heating can be achieved. Specifically, the throttle valve 14 between the first and second internal heat exchangers is throttled, the throttle valve 9 connected to the heat transfer line is fully opened, the first internal heat exchanger 12 is configured as an evaporator, and the second internal heat exchanger 13 is configured as a condenser, and a dehumidification mode in which cooling dehumidification is performed first and then heating is performed. The throttle valve 14 between the first and second inner heat exchangers is fully open, while the throttle valve 9 into the heat transfer line is throttled, and both the first and second inner heat exchangers 12, 13 are configured as condensers, performing heating mode. The air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery heat pump heating mode is suitable for the condition that the ambient temperature is low, and the battery needs to be heated to ensure the performance of the battery.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle operating in an air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery PTC heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 8, in the air conditioning dehumidification or heating and battery PTC heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows from the compressor 1 through the second inner heat exchanger 13 and the first inner heat exchanger 12 connected in series via the pilot valve 2. Both the throttle valve 14 and the throttle valve 9 are open and the heat transfer medium flows through the second internal heat exchanger 13, through the throttle valve 14 through the first internal heat exchanger 12 and through the throttle valve 9. Two internal heat exchangers dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment. The throttle valve 10 is closed. Both shut-off valves 6 and 7 are open and the heat transfer medium flowing out of the throttle valve 9 flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel. The first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 are configured as evaporators such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The shut-off valve 16 is opened and the shut-off valve 15 is closed. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 16 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. By adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valves 9 and 14, the function of dehumidification or heating can be achieved. Specifically, the throttle valve 14 between the first and second internal heat exchangers is throttled, the throttle valve 9 connected to the heat transfer line is fully opened, the first internal heat exchanger 12 is configured as an evaporator, and the second internal heat exchanger 13 is configured as a condenser, and a dehumidification mode in which cooling dehumidification is performed first and then heating is performed. The throttle valve 14 between the first and second inner heat exchangers is fully open, while the throttle valve 9 into the heat transfer line is throttled, and both the first and second inner heat exchangers 12, 13 are configured as condensers, performing heating mode. In the power source assembly portion, the second pump 22 is turned off, the first pump 18 and the PTC heater 19 are operated, the PTC heater 19 generates heat, the circulating medium flows in the PTC circuit, and the battery 21 is heated by the circulating medium heated by the PTC heater 19. The air conditioner dehumidification or heating and battery PTC heating mode is suitable for the situation that when the ambient temperature is extremely low, the PTC heater needs to be started to heat the battery so as to ensure the normal use of the battery.
Fig. 9 discloses a schematic diagram of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle working in the battery heat pump heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 9, in the battery heat pump heating mode, the heat transfer medium flows from the compressor 1, through the bypass in which the throttle valve 10 is located via the pilot valve 2 and into the second heat exchanger 23. The second pump 22 is operated and the circulating medium flows in the heat pump circuit and enters the second heat exchanger 23. The heat transfer medium (carbon dioxide) and the circulating medium (water) exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 23, and the heat transfer medium dissipates heat while the circulating medium absorbs heat. The heated circulating medium flows through the battery 21 in the heat pump circuit to heat the battery 21. The first pump 18 is not operated. The throttle valve 9 is closed and the heat transfer medium does not flow into the two inner heat exchangers. Both shut-off valves 6 and 7 are open and the heat transfer medium flowing out of the throttle valve 10 flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel. The first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 are configured as evaporators such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The shut-off valve 16 is opened and the shut-off valve 15 is closed. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 16 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. The battery heat pump heating mode is suitable for low-temperature and low-power environments, the battery needs to be heated to ensure the performance of the battery due to low ambient temperature, but the power of the vehicle-mounted battery is low, the air-conditioning operation and the battery heating are not simultaneously supported, so that the heating of the passenger compartment is stopped, and only the battery is heated.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the heat pump air conditioner of the electric vehicle in the battery PTC heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 10, in the battery PTC heating mode, the compressor 1 is not operated and the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipe does not flow. In the power source assembly portion, the second pump 22 is turned off, the first pump 18 and the PTC heater 19 are operated, the PTC heater 19 generates heat, the circulating medium flows in the PTC circuit, and the battery 21 is heated by the circulating medium heated by the PTC heater 19. The battery PTC heating mode is suitable for the condition that the ambient temperature is low but quiet is required, the compressor does not work to reduce the noise in the vehicle, and the PTC heater is started to heat the battery so as to ensure the performance of the battery in the low-temperature environment.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric vehicle heat pump air conditioner operating in a power source assisted air conditioning dehumidification or heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 11, at least one of the first or second outer heat exchangers 3, 4 is frosted in the power source assisted air conditioning dehumidification or heating mode. The heat transfer medium flows from the compressor 1 through the second internal heat exchanger 13 and the first internal heat exchanger 12 in series via the pilot valve 2. Both the throttle valve 14 and the throttle valve 9 are open and the heat transfer medium flows through the second internal heat exchanger 13, through the throttle valve 14 through the first internal heat exchanger 12 and through the throttle valve 9. Two internal heat exchangers dehumidify or heat the passenger compartment. The throttle valve 10 is closed. Both shut-off valves 6 and 7 are open and the heat transfer medium flowing out of the throttle valve 9 flows through the first and second outer heat exchangers 3 and 4 connected in parallel. The first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4 are configured as evaporators such that the heat transfer medium absorbs heat. The first outer heat exchanger 3 or the second outer heat exchanger 4 may be frosted, and the frosted outer heat exchanger is deteriorated in efficiency, so that the outer heat exchanger without frosting is mainly used for operation. The shut-off valve 16 is opened and the shut-off valve 15 is closed. The heat transfer medium flows into the gas-liquid separator 17 through the stop valve 16 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, and then enters the compressor 1 to complete the whole cycle. By adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valves 9 and 14, the function of dehumidification or heating can be achieved. Specifically, the throttle valve 14 between the first and second internal heat exchangers is throttled, the throttle valve 9 connected to the heat transfer line is fully opened, the first internal heat exchanger 12 is configured as an evaporator, and the second internal heat exchanger 13 is configured as a condenser, and a dehumidification mode in which cooling dehumidification is performed first and then heating is performed. The throttle valve 14 between the first and second inner heat exchangers is fully open, while the throttle valve 9 into the heat transfer line is throttled, and both the first and second inner heat exchangers 12, 13 are configured as condensers, performing heating mode. In the power source assembly portion, the second pump 22 is turned off, the first pump 18 is operated, and the circulating medium flows in the PTC circuit. The circulating medium is heated by the residual heat of the battery 21 and/or the PTC heater 19, and the heated circulating medium enters the first heat exchanger 8. The heat transfer medium also enters the first heat exchanger 8, the circulating medium (water) and the heat transfer medium (carbon dioxide) exchange heat in the first heat exchanger 8, the heat transfer medium absorbs heat and the circulating medium dissipates heat, and the circulating medium heats the heat transfer medium. The heated heat transfer medium can improve the heating effect of the air conditioner, and on the other hand, the heated heat transfer medium can perform the defrosting function when flowing through the first outer heat exchanger 3 and the second outer heat exchanger 4. The power source auxiliary air-conditioning dehumidification or heating mode is suitable for the frosting condition of the outer heat exchanger at low temperature, the efficiency of the outer heat exchanger is reduced due to frosting, and at the moment, waste heat in the power source assembly is used for heating a heat transfer medium, so that the heating effect is improved and meanwhile defrosting operation is carried out. In one embodiment, if the temperature is too low or frost is generated in both outer heat exchangers, the PTC heater 19 is turned on, the PTC heater 19 operates as a circulating medium heating, and the temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased by the first heat exchanger 8 to improve the heating effect and perform the defrosting operation.
The utility model discloses an electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner has a plurality of heat exchangers, can be configured into a plurality of condensers and/or a plurality of evaporimeter to improve system's heat transfer ability. When the system heats, the heat exchanger is started to absorb the residual heat of the PTC or the battery, so that the frosting of the heat pump is avoided. The system keeps all thinning functions of dehumidification and the like of the heat pump, simultaneously considers the cold and hot requirements of the battery, also utilizes the waste heat of the battery, and realizes the double aims of energy optimization and comfort optimization.
The above-described embodiments are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention, and many modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of the invention is not limited by the above-described embodiments, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an electric automobile's heat pump air conditioner which characterized in that includes:
a compressor assembly;
the external heat exchange component exchanges heat with air outside the vehicle;
the inner heat exchange component exchanges heat with air in the passenger compartment;
a power source assembly;
the compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly are connected through a heat transfer pipeline, a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves are installed on the heat transfer pipeline, and carbon dioxide is used as a heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipeline;
the power source assembly forms a closed loop, circulating media are arranged in the closed loop, and the closed loop exchanges heat with the heat transfer pipeline through the heat exchanger;
the operation mode of the heat pump air conditioner is changed by controlling the flow direction of the heat transfer medium and the sequence of the heat transfer medium flowing through the compressor assembly, the outer heat exchange assembly and the inner heat exchange assembly through a plurality of guide valves, throttle valves and stop valves.
2. The heat pump air conditioner of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compressor assembly comprises: a compressor and a gas-liquid separator;
the output of the compressor is connected to the heat transfer line through a pilot valve, the output of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor, and the input of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the heat transfer line through a shutoff valve.
3. The heat pump air conditioner of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the external heat exchange assembly comprises: the fan, the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are connected in parallel;
the fan drives air outside the vehicle to blow through the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger for heat exchange;
the first outer heat exchanger and the second outer heat exchanger are respectively connected into a heat transfer pipeline through stop valves;
in different operating modes, the first and second outer heat exchangers are configured as evaporators or condensers.
4. The heat pump air conditioner of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein said inner heat exchange assembly comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a blower, a first inner heat exchanger and a second inner heat exchanger which are connected in series;
the blower drives air in the passenger cabin to blow through the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger for heat exchange;
a throttle valve is arranged between the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger, and the first inner heat exchanger and the second inner heat exchanger which are connected in series are connected into a heat transfer pipeline through the throttle valve;
in different operating modes, the first and second internal heat exchangers are configured as evaporators or condensers.
5. The heat pump air conditioner of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein said power source assembly comprises: the PTC loop and the heat pump loop are communicated through a guide valve to form a closed loop together;
the PTC loop comprises a first pump, a PTC heater, a battery and a first heat exchanger, the first pump drives a circulating medium to flow in the PTC loop, the PTC loop is connected to the first heat exchanger, a heat transfer pipeline positioned in the outer heat exchange assembly is also connected to the first heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium and the circulating medium in the PTC loop exchange heat in the first heat exchanger;
the heat pump loop comprises a second pump, a battery and a second heat exchanger, the second pump drives a circulating medium to flow in the heat pump loop, the heat pump loop is connected to the second heat exchanger, a branch connected with the inner heat exchange assembly in parallel is arranged in the heat transfer pipeline, a throttle valve is arranged on the branch, the branch is also connected to the second heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium in the branch exchanges heat with the circulating medium in the heat pump loop in the second heat exchanger.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921540036.3U CN210454400U (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2019-09-17 | Heat pump air conditioner of electric automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921540036.3U CN210454400U (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2019-09-17 | Heat pump air conditioner of electric automobile |
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| CN210454400U true CN210454400U (en) | 2020-05-05 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110450602A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-15 | 上汽大众汽车有限公司 | The heat pump air conditioner of electric car |
| CN111674235A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 吉林大学 | CO (carbon monoxide)2Heat pump air conditioner whole vehicle heat management system |
-
2019
- 2019-09-17 CN CN201921540036.3U patent/CN210454400U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110450602A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-15 | 上汽大众汽车有限公司 | The heat pump air conditioner of electric car |
| CN111674235A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 吉林大学 | CO (carbon monoxide)2Heat pump air conditioner whole vehicle heat management system |
| CN111674235B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-03-29 | 吉林大学 | CO2 heat pump air conditioner whole vehicle heat management system |
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