CN210373255U

CN210373255U - Automobile LED double-light lens

Info

Publication number: CN210373255U
Application number: CN201921497895.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林华木
Original assignee: Guangzhou New View Electrical & Lighting Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou New View Electrical & Lighting Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-09
Filing date: 2019-09-09
Publication date: 2020-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2029-09-09

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile lighting equipment, and discloses an automobile LED double-light lens, which comprises a mounting seat, a light source component and a near-far light conversion mechanism, wherein the mounting seat comprises a mounting plate, the light source component comprises a first light source and a first light reflecting cup which are connected on the upper side of the mounting plate, and a second light source and a second light reflecting cup which are connected on the lower side of the mounting plate, the first light reflecting cup is positioned above the first light source and covers the first light source, the second light reflecting cup is positioned below the second light source and covers the second light source, the near-far light conversion mechanism is arranged in front of the mounting seat, the near-far light conversion mechanism comprises a light screen and a driving structure, the upper part and the lower part of the light screen respectively extend to the upper part and the lower part of the mounting plate, the driving mechanism comprises a rotating shaft which is parallel to the mounting plate, the lower side of, the service life of the lamp is prolonged, the stability of the light source can be ensured, and the brightness of the lamp can be improved.

Description

Automobile LED double-light lens

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an automotive lighting equipment technical field especially relates to a two optical lens of car LED.

Background

At present, shine headlight before car and adopt two optical lens of LED, two optical lens of prior art include the mount pad of lens, the aluminium body, one reflect light cup, a LED light source and nearly distance light transform structure, and the lens setting is in mount pad the place ahead, and reflect light cup and LED light source setting are on the mount pad, and the light of LED light source passes through the reflection of light cup and reflects lens, jets out from lens. The upper part of the lens is a high beam lens part, and the lower part of the lens is a low beam lens part. Two light lens passing lamp during operation of LED, the light reflection cup jets out the passing light lens portion of LED light source light reflection to the below, and two light lens high beam during operation of LED, the light reflection cup jets out the light reflection of LED light source to passing light lens portion and passing light lens portion. The nearly distance light transform structure includes the light screen and drives the device that the light screen reciprocated, and the light screen is located the mount pad the place ahead, and when the short-distance beam, the light screen is relative with anti-light cup for shelter from the partial light of anti-light cup reflection, shelter from the light of reflection to distance light lens portion, when the distance beam, the light screen moves down, makes the light of anti-light cup reflection not shelter from, can follow distance light lens portion and short-distance beam lens portion and jet out.

However, the existing double-light lens only has one LED light source and one reflecting cup, so that the load of the LED light source is large under the working condition of a high beam, the service life of the lamp is shortened, the stability of the light source is affected, and the light is weak, which is not beneficial to driving safety.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a long service life, strong and stable two optical lens of car LED of light.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a double-light lens of car LED, including mount pad, light source subassembly and far and near light conversion mechanism, the mount pad includes the mounting panel, the light source subassembly includes first light source and the first reflection of light cup of connection in the mounting panel upside and connects second light source and the second reflection of light cup of connection in the mounting panel downside, first reflection of light cup is located the top of first light source and will the first light source shroud, the second reflection of light cup is located the below of second light source and will the second light source shroud, far and near light conversion mechanism locates the place ahead of mount pad, far and near light conversion mechanism includes light screen and drive structure, the upper portion and the lower part of light screen extend to respectively the top and the below of mounting panel, drive mechanism includes the axis of rotation parallel with the mounting panel, the lower side of the shading plate is connected to the rotating shaft, and the driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate.

As a preferred scheme, the driving mechanism further comprises a driving support and an electromagnetic assembly, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the driving support, the light shielding plate is connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is a magnetic shaft, the electromagnetic assembly is used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and a return spring is arranged on the rotating shaft.

As a preferable scheme, the driving support further comprises an adjusting bolt, the driving support comprises a left support plate, a right support plate and a rear support plate which are arranged oppositely, the left support plate and the right support plate are connected to two sides of the rear support plate respectively, two ends of the rotating shaft are connected to the left support plate and the right support plate respectively, the light shielding plate is located between the left support plate and the right support plate, the lower end of the light shielding plate is connected with an adjusting block, the adjusting block is located below the rotating shaft, a bolt hole is formed in the adjusting block, the adjusting bolt is connected in the bolt hole in a penetrating mode, and the penetrating end of the adjusting bolt abuts against the rear support plate.

Preferably, the light shielding plate is an arc-shaped plate.

Preferably, a notch is formed in the front end of the mounting plate, so that the first reflective cup is opposite to the second reflective cup.

Preferably, a reflector is arranged at the front end of the first reflector cup.

Preferably, the size of the first reflector cup is larger than the size of the second reflector cup.

Preferably, the mounting base further comprises a bottom plate and a rear plate, the mounting plate and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the middle and the bottom of the rear plate, the second light reflecting cup is located between the bottom plate and the mounting plate, the bottom plate is connected with a baffle, the baffle is located in front of the second light reflecting cup, and the height of the baffle is smaller than the distance between the bottom plate and the mounting plate.

Preferably, the heat dissipation device further comprises a heat dissipation fan, the mounting base comprises two rear plates, the two rear plates are connected to the bottom plate and the two sides of the mounting plate respectively, and the heat dissipation fan is arranged between the two rear plates.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a two optical lens of car LED, its beneficial effect lies in:

1. the utility model discloses a set up first light source, second light source, first reflection of light cup and second reflection of light cup respectively in the upper and lower both sides of mounting panel, and the upper portion and the lower part of the light screen of nearly distance light conversion mechanism extend to the top and the below of mounting panel respectively, the downside of light screen can rotate around the axis of rotation parallel with the mounting panel through actuating mechanism, when the passing lamp during operation, the upper portion of light screen shelters from the light that first reflection of light cup reflected the distance light lens portion above the lens, the upper portion and the lower part of light screen shelter from the light that second reflection of light cup reflected the distance light lens portion above the lens, make other light of two reflection of light cups jet out from passing light lens portion, carry out passing lamp work; when the high beam lamp works, the light shielding plate rotates, the front of the first light reflecting cup is not shielded, light rays of the first light reflecting cup are emitted from the near beam lens part and the high beam lens part, a distance exists between the light shielding plate and the mounting plate, and light rays reflected by the second light reflecting cup can be reflected to the upper high beam lens part from a gap between the light shielding plate and the mounting plate to be emitted; the utility model discloses a two light sources and two anti-light cup have solved the problem of the life-span weak that single light source load leads to excessively to can guarantee the stability of light source and the luminance that improves lamps and lanterns.

2. The utility model discloses set up regulating block and adjusting bolt on the light screen, the position of adjustable light screen rectifies low beam type cut-off line because of the skew and the height unevenness that manufacturing process error leads to. The arc-shaped shading plate can enable the space through which the light rays reflected by the second reflecting cup pass to be larger when the second reflecting cup works at a high beam. The notch at the front end of the mounting plate can enable the light reflected by the second reflecting cup to be reflected to the first reflecting cup and then emitted, and the light quantity emitted by the second light source is improved. The reflecting plate in front of the first reflecting cup can shield stray light. The size of the first reflection cup is larger than that of the second reflection cup, so that the first reflection cup can completely receive the light reflected by the second reflection cup. The baffle can shelter from the low beam light of the reflection of second reflection of light cup self reflection, makes its light jet out through first reflection of light cup, avoids low beam light type error. The cooling fan improves the safety and the service life of the lens.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an axonometric view of the double-light lens of the embodiment of the utility model discloses car LED.

Fig. 2 is a front view of an automotive LED dual-optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view of an automotive LED dual-optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a rear view of the LED dual-optical lens of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, showing an automotive LED dual-optical lens.

Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the LED dual-optical lens of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the combination of the high beam and low beam conversion mechanism and the light source assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a low beam and high beam conversion mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of a light source assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, mounting plate; 2. a first light source; 3. a first reflective cup; 4. a second light source; 5. a second reflective cup; 6. a visor; 7. a lens; 8. a rotating shaft; 9. an electromagnetic assembly; 10. a return spring; 11. adjusting the bolt; 12. a left support plate; 13. a right support plate; 14. a rear support plate; 15. an adjusting block; 16. a front support plate; 17. a base plate; 18. a back plate; 19. a baffle plate; 20. a heat radiation fan; 21. a lens holder; 22. connecting a bracket; 23. a heat dissipating fin; 24. a fan housing; 25. a drive module; 26. a reflector.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the term "mounting seat" is used in the present invention to refer to the aluminum body structure connecting the reflective cup, the light source and the lens. The term "forward" refers to the direction of light emission; the directional or positional relationships "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are indicative of the directional or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and are not indicative or implied that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the utility model provides a two light lens of car LED of preferred embodiment, including mount pad, light source subassembly, near far-reaching headlamp transform mechanism and lens 7, near far-reaching headlamp transform mechanism locates between mount pad and the lens 7, and the place ahead position that lens 7 is located the light of light source subassembly and jets out, and the light of light source subassembly jets out from lens 7 after passing through near far-reaching headlamp transform mechanism. The mount pad includes mounting panel 1, the light source subassembly is including connecting first light source 2 and first anti-light cup 3 at the 1 upside of mounting panel and connecting the anti-light cup 5 of second light source 4 and second of 1 downside of mounting panel, first anti-light cup 3 is located the top of first light source 2 and with the 2 shroud of first light source, the anti-light cup 5 of second is located the below of second light source 4 and with the 4 shroud of second light source, the place ahead of mount pad is located to nearly far-reaching headlamp transform mechanism, nearly far-reaching headlamp transform mechanism includes light screen 6 and drive structure, the upper portion and the lower part of light screen 6 extend to the top and the below of mounting panel 1 respectively, and the light screen 6 of this embodiment is perpendicular with mounting panel 1, drive mechanism includes the axis of rotation 8 parallel with mounting panel 1, the downside of light screen 6 is connected on axis of rotation 8, drive mechanism. In the embodiment, the first light source 2, the second light source 4, the first reflecting cup 3 and the second reflecting cup 5 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the mounting plate 1, the upper part and the lower part of the light screen 6 of the near-far light conversion mechanism respectively extend to the upper part and the lower part of the mounting plate 1, the lower side of the light screen 6 can rotate around a rotating shaft 8 parallel to the mounting plate 1 through the driving mechanism, when the low beam lamp works, the upper part of the light screen 6 shields the light reflected to the far light lens part above the lens 7 by the first reflecting cup 3, and the upper part and the lower part of the light screen 6 shield the light reflected to the far light lens part above the lens 7 by the second reflecting cup 5, so that other light of the two reflecting cups is emitted from the near light lens part to carry out the low beam lamp work; when the high beam lamp works, the light screen 6 rotates, the front of the first light reflecting cup 3 is not shielded, light rays of the first light reflecting cup 3 are emitted from the near beam lens part and the high beam lens part, a distance exists between the light screen 6 and the mounting plate 1, and light rays reflected by the second light reflecting cup 5 can be reflected to the upper high beam lens part from a gap between the light screen 6 and the mounting plate 1 to be emitted; this embodiment has adopted two light sources and two anti-light cup, has solved the problem of the life-span short that single light source load too big leads to can guarantee the stability of light source and improve the luminance of lamps and lanterns, and light screen 6 carries out the low and high beam transformation through the pivoted mode, makes the light type more even pleasing to the eye, and the low beam tangent line is level and smooth, obvious, and the high beam is more spotlight, no astigmatism, improves driving safety.

As shown in fig. 6, the actuating mechanism of this embodiment still includes drive support and electromagnetic component 9, axis of rotation 8 rotationally connects on drive support, light screen 6 is connected on axis of rotation 8, axis of rotation 8 is the magnetism axle, electromagnetic component 9 is used for driving axis of rotation 8 rotatory, be equipped with return spring 10 on the axis of rotation 8, electromagnetic component 9 circular telegram produces magnetic field, magnetism axis of rotation 8 rotates under the effect in magnetic field, light screen 6 rotates, after the outage of electromagnetic component 9, axis of rotation 8 is rotatory in the opposite direction under the effect of return spring 9, light screen 6 resets, realize the change of nearly far-reaching headlamp. In this embodiment, still be equipped with adjusting bolt 11, the drive support includes the relative left extension board 12 that sets up, right extension board 13 and back extension board 14, left extension board 12 and right extension board 13 are connected respectively in the both sides at back extension board 14, the both ends of axis of rotation 8 are connected respectively on left extension board 12 and right extension board 13, light screen 6 is located between left extension board 12 and the right extension board 13, the lower extreme of light screen 6 is connected with regulating block 15, regulating block 15 is located the axis of rotation 8 below, be equipped with the bolt hole on regulating block 15, adjusting bolt 11 cross-under is in the bolt hole and adjusting bolt 11's the end that penetrates offsets with back extension board 14, through twisting adjusting bolt 11, the position of adjustable light screen 6, rectify skew and the height unevenness that low beam type cut-off line leads to because of manufacturing process error, guarantee the uniformity and the stability of light type. The driving support of the embodiment further comprises a front support plate 16, two sides of the front support plate 16 are connected with the left support plate 12 and the right support plate 13, and the electromagnetic assembly 9 is located between the left support plate 12 and the right support plate 13 and between the front support plate 16 and the rear support plate 14, so that the electromagnetic assembly 9 is positioned and limited.

In addition, the light shielding plate 6 of the present embodiment is an arc-shaped plate, which can make the space through which the light reflected by the second reflective cup 5 passes larger when the high beam works. The front side of the mounting plate 1 is provided with a notch, the notch of the embodiment is arc-shaped, so that light reflected by the second reflecting cup 5 is reflected to the first reflecting cup 3 and then emitted, and the light quantity emitted by the second light source 4 is increased. The front end of first reflection of light cup 3 is equipped with reflector panel 26, at the passing lamp during operation, reflector panel 26 can avoid the reflection of second reflection of light cup 5 to the light of first reflection of light cup 3 to jet out from the distance light lens portion on lens 7, avoid the parasitic light, and reflect first reflection of light cup 3 back through reflector panel 26 with the light of the reflection of second reflection of light cup 5, the reflection of rethread first reflection of light cup 3 goes out, guarantee the light type uniformity, the reflector panel 26 of this embodiment includes upwards extends to the first half of being connected with first reflection of light cup 3 with mounting panel 1 vertically lower half and slope. In addition, the size of the first reflective cup 3 is larger than that of the second reflective cup 5, and the length and the width of the first reflective cup 3 are both larger than those of the second reflective cup 5, so that the first reflective cup 3 can completely receive the light reflected by the second reflective cup 5.

In this embodiment, the mount pad still includes bottom plate 17 and back plate 18, middle part and bottom at back plate 18 are connected respectively to mounting panel 1 and bottom plate 17, the anti-light cup 5 of second is located between bottom plate 17 and the mounting panel 1, bottom plate 17 is connected with baffle 19, baffle 19 is located anti-light cup 5 the place ahead of second, and baffle 19 highly be less than the distance between bottom plate 17 and the mounting panel 1, baffle 19 can shelter from the low beam light of the anti-light cup 5 self reflection of second, make its light jet out through first anti-light cup 3, avoid low beam light type error. The automobile double-light lens of the embodiment further comprises a heat dissipation fan 20, the mounting base comprises two rear plates 18, the two rear plates 18 are connected to two sides of the bottom plate 17 and the mounting plate 1 respectively, the heat dissipation fan 20 is arranged between the two rear plates 18, the heat dissipation fan 20 can reduce the working temperature of the automobile LED double-light lens, and the safety and the service life of the lens are improved.

In addition, in this embodiment, still include lens support 21 and linking bridge 22, lens 7 is through a plurality of bolted connection on lens support 21, linking bridge 22 is located between lens support 21 and the mount pad, lens support 22, linking bridge 22 is through a plurality of bolted connection on the mount pad, the bolt that lens support 21 and mount pad are connected is polygonally distributed, realize the restraint of a plurality of degrees of freedom, improve the installation error of lens 7 and mount pad, improve the uniformity and the stability of product structure, improve product quality. The connecting bracket 22 is positioned in front of the mounting plate 1, the low-high beam conversion mechanism is connected to the connecting bracket 22, and the rear support plate 14 is connected to the connecting bracket 22 through bolts. The first light source 2, the first reflector cup 3, the second light source 4 and the second reflector cup 5 of the present embodiment are connected to the mounting plate 1 by bolts. In this embodiment, the upper and lower sides of the mounting plate 1 are connected to a plurality of heat dissipation fins 23 for heat conduction and flow guidance, so as to reduce the air outlet pressure of the heat dissipation fan 20. In addition, the mount pad of this embodiment is the aluminium body structure, adopts die casting technology processing, has guaranteed the uniformity of aluminium body mounting dimension, has utilized the plasticity of die casting technology, make full use of available space, let the heat radiating area of the aluminium body reach the maximize, the surface colour of the aluminium body is black, surface treatment is the electrophoresis, the heat radiation ability of the aluminium body has been strengthened, the heat conduction ability of whole aluminium body has been improved, thereby improved because of the decay of the bad product that leads to of heat dissipation, the stability of product luminance has been guaranteed. The present embodiment further provides a fan cover 24, and the fan cover 24 is located behind the heat dissipation fan 20 and is connected to the mounting base through bolts for protecting the heat dissipation fan 20. The driving module 25 for controlling the operation of the lens of the present embodiment is disposed between the bottom plate 17 and the second reflector cup 5.

The utility model discloses a working process does: when the dipped headlight is in a working condition, the electromagnetic assembly 9 is not electrified, the light shielding plate 6 keeps the original position, the first light source 2 and the second light source 4 are bright, light rays are reflected by the first reflecting cup 3 and the second reflecting cup 5, and the light shielding plate 6 shields part of the light rays, so that the light rays reflected by the first reflecting cup 3 and the second reflecting cup 5 are emitted from the dipped headlight lens part of the lens 7 to be used as dipped headlight light rays; when the high beam lamp is in a working condition, the electromagnetic assembly 9 is electrified, the rotating shaft 8 drives the light shielding plate 6 to rotate, and the light reflected by the first reflection cup 3 and the second reflection cup 5 is emitted from the near beam lens part and the high beam lens part of the lens 7 to serve as the high beam lamp light.

To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model provides a two optical lens of car LED, its embodiment is through setting up first light source 2 respectively in the upper and lower both sides of mounting panel 1, second light source 4, first reflection of light cup 3 and second reflection of light cup 5, and the upper portion and the lower part of the light screen 6 of nearly distance light conversion mechanism extend to the top and the below of mounting panel 1 respectively, the lower extreme of light screen 6 can rotate around the axle that is parallel with mounting panel 1 through actuating mechanism, when the passing lamp work, the light that first reflection of light cup 3 reflected the distance light lens portion above lens 7 is sheltered from to the upper portion of light screen 6, the light that second reflection of light cup 5 reflected the distance light lens portion above lens 7 is sheltered from to the upper portion and the lower part of light screen 6, make other light of two reflection of light cups jet out from passing light lens portion, carry out passing lamp work; when the high beam lamp works, the light screen 6 rotates, the front of the first light reflecting cup 3 is not shielded, light rays of the first light reflecting cup 3 are emitted from the near beam lens part and the high beam lens part, a distance exists between the light screen 6 and the mounting plate 1, and light rays reflected by the second light reflecting cup 5 can be reflected to the upper high beam lens part from a gap between the light screen 6 and the mounting plate 1 to be emitted; the embodiment adopts two light sources and two reflecting cups, solves the problem of short service life caused by overlarge load of a single light source, and can ensure the stability of the light sources and improve the brightness of the lamp

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and replacements can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a two optical lens of car LED which characterized in that, includes mount pad, light source subassembly and far and near light conversion mechanism, the mount pad includes the mounting panel, the light source subassembly is including connecting first light source and the first reflection of light cup and connecting the second light source and the second reflection of light cup of mounting panel downside, first reflection of light cup is located the top of first light source and with first light source shroud, second reflection of light cup is located the below of second light source and with second light source shroud, near and far light conversion mechanism locates the place ahead of mount pad, near and far light conversion mechanism includes light screen and drive structure, the upper portion and the lower part of light screen extend to respectively the top and the below of mounting panel, drive mechanism include with the parallel axis of rotation of mounting panel, the downside of light screen is connected in the axis of rotation, the driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate.

2. A dual LED lens for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism further comprises a driving bracket and an electromagnetic assembly, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the driving bracket, the light shielding plate is connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is a magnetic shaft, the electromagnetic assembly is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft is provided with a return spring.

3. The automotive LED dual-optical lens as claimed in claim 2, further comprising an adjusting bolt, wherein the driving bracket comprises a left support plate, a right support plate and a rear support plate which are oppositely arranged, the left support plate and the right support plate are respectively connected to two sides of the rear support plate, two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the left support plate and the right support plate, the light shielding plate is located between the left support plate and the right support plate, the lower end of the light shielding plate is connected with an adjusting block, the adjusting block is located below the rotating shaft, a bolt hole is formed in the adjusting block, the adjusting bolt penetrates through the bolt hole, and a penetrating end of the adjusting bolt abuts against the rear support plate.

4. The automotive LED bifocal lens according to claim 1, wherein the bezel is an arc-shaped plate.

5. A vehicle LED bifocal lens according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the mounting plate is notched so that the first reflective cup opposes the second reflective cup.

6. An automotive LED dual-optical lens as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a reflector is arranged at the front end of the first reflector cup.

7. An automotive LED dual-optic lens as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first reflector cup is larger in size than the second reflector cup.

8. The automotive LED dual-optical lens of claim 5, wherein the mounting base further comprises a bottom plate and a back plate, the mounting plate and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the middle part and the bottom part of the back plate, the second reflective cup is located between the bottom plate and the mounting plate, the bottom plate is connected with a baffle, the baffle is located in front of the second reflective cup, and the height of the baffle is smaller than the distance between the bottom plate and the mounting plate.

9. The automotive LED dual-optical lens as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a heat dissipation fan, wherein the mounting base comprises two rear plates, the two rear plates are respectively connected to two sides of the base plate and the mounting plate, and the heat dissipation fan is disposed between the two rear plates.