CN210328104U

CN210328104U - Water-cooled anode of plasma generator

Info

Publication number: CN210328104U
Application number: CN201920415163.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李裔红
Original assignee: Chengdu Jinchuangli Science & Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengdu Jinchuangli Science & Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-28
Filing date: 2019-03-28
Publication date: 2020-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2029-03-28

Abstract

The plasma generator water-cooling anode is provided with a spiral inner anode with an electric arc penetrating through a central hole, the outer surface of the spiral inner anode is provided with N parallel spiral water channels formed by threads, and the outer anode is sleeved outside the water channels. An upper end ring seat and a lower end ring seat are arranged on the axial inner side, contain an upper return water tank and a lower return water tank, and are axially connected with the inner anode into a whole. The stainless steel outer cylinder is arranged outside the outer anode, and a water return channel is arranged between the outer anode and the outer anode. After the generator is started, the heat source electric arc and the inner ring conduct electricity and radiate heat to the spiral water channel, and water is discharged after secondary cooling of the outer anode and the like through the lower water return groove and the backwater ascending channel. Pressure cold water is introduced into the spiral water channel through the water inlet pipe, the water inlet and outlet ring seats and the upper water return groove, the cold water is axially and spirally lifted from inside to outside in the inner diameter of the spiral tooth groove, the heat dissipation surface is greatly increased, and the cooling effect is excellent due to the secondary cooling of the return water. And N are parallelly wound, so that heat dissipation is uniform. The water return tank is convenient for cold and hot water to be led in and out. The structure is convenient to manufacture, install and maintain. Can be used for non-transfer plasma generators, in particular high-power generators.

Description

Water-cooled anode of plasma generator

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a water-cooling anode structure of a high-power (more than 200 KW) plasma generator, belonging to the ion generation and spark gap type (H01T).

Background

The plasma generator for generating high-temperature heat source comprises a cathode assembly, an anode assembly, a water cooling system, an air pressure system, a water pressure system and the like. The anode is a cylindrical current-carrying conductor, when the cathode and the anode are electrified, an electric arc is generated at the emitting end of the cathode and emitted, and the central hole of the anode is an electric arc channel. It can also be said that the arc 10A in the central hole of the anode is the only heat source for generating heat in the anode, and the anode cylinder only has the function of heat conduction and dissipation. When the existing air-cooling plasma generator works, the heat of the electric arc of the anode central hole is only transferred from the wall thickness direction by the inner wall of the central hole in the radial direction and is radiated from the outer surface of the anode cylinder, namely the radiating surface of the generator is only the surface of the cylinder, and obviously, the radiating capacity can not meet the requirement of a large-capacity product. Namely, the plasma generator can only be used for a small-capacity (below 100 KW) by adopting air cooling.

With the advent of large capacity (above 200 KW) plasma generators, it is clear that externally forced circulation of water cooled anodes must be employed. If the anode cylinder is simply cooled by cold water through an additional water pump from top to bottom, the cooling effect cannot meet the requirement, and the problems of high temperature, short service life and the like still occur. With the increase of the capacity, a multi-stage anode structure is generally adopted, and a more optimized water-cooled anode suitable for each stage in multiple stages must be developed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a plasma generator water-cooling positive pole is exactly that the problem of solving current air cooling and general water-cooling positive pole temperature height, life-span weak point, can not satisfy high-power plasma generator's needs.

The technical scheme is as follows:

the water-cooled anode of the plasma generator comprises a cylindrical anode with a central hole, and is characterized in that:

1) a spiral inner anode 1 is arranged on a cylindrical anode with a central hole 10 in the range of radial wall thickness B, and the outer surface of the spiral inner anode is provided with spiral water channels 2 which are formed by axial threads and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed with N upper water inlets 2A and N lower water outlets 2B; a cylindrical outer anode 3 is sleeved outside the spiral cambered surface 1.3 of the outer surface of the spiral inner anode; the periphery of the outer anode is provided with a stainless steel cylindrical outer cylinder 7 with sealed upper and lower ends, and an annular space between the outer cylinder and the outer anode is a backwater ascending channel 7A; the upper end and the lower end of the spiral inner anode are respectively provided with an upper end ring seat 9 and a lower end ring seat 5, and the upper end ring seat and the lower end ring seat are axially connected with the spiral inner anode inner ring 1A into a whole; the axial inner sides of the upper end ring seat and the lower end ring seat are respectively provided with an upper annular water return tank 8 and a lower annular water return tank 4; the upper annular water return groove and the lower annular water return groove are respectively communicated with an upper water inlet 2A and a lower water outlet 2B of the spiral water channel 2; an anode water inlet pipe 11 and an anode water outlet pipe 13 which are communicated with an external pressure water system are respectively communicated with the upper annular water return tank 8 and the return water ascending channel 7A through a water inlet and outlet ring seat 12;

2) the spiral water channel 2 comprises N tooth grooves which are uniformly distributed on the same horizontal circular surface of the spiral water channel 2 along the circumferential direction and correspond to N spiral water channels 2.1, 2.2 …. N which are axially and parallelly wound, and N upper water inlets 2A are uniformly distributed on the upper ports of the N spiral water channels along the circumferential direction; n lower water outlets 2B are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the lower ports of the N spiral water channels.

And a fit clearance between the spiral cambered surface 1.3 of the outer surface of the spiral inner anode and the outer anode is not more than 0.1 mm. The inner diameter D3 of the outer anode 3 is larger than the maximum outer diameter D9 of the upper end ring seat 9. The spiral inner anode 1, the upper end ring seat 9 and the lower end ring seat 5 are made of red copper. The material of the outer anode 3 is stainless steel.

The utility model discloses beneficial effect:

1) the external pressure cold water enters the spiral water channel 2 from the upper annular water return groove 8, and the thread tooth groove is provided with a groove bottom and a groove top, so that the pressure water contacts the outer surface of the spiral inner anode inner ring 1A through the groove bottom and contacts the inner surface of the outer anode 3 when flowing through the groove top, and the pressure water radially rises spirally from the inside to the outside of the thread in the axial direction, so that the flowing route and the heat dissipation surface are greatly increased. Primary internal cooling of the pressure cold water in the spiral water channel by heat exchange is realized. Because the fit clearance between the designed spiral cambered surface 1.3 and the outer anode 3 is not more than 0.1mm, the tightness can ensure that the water in each axial tooth in the spiral water channel does not directly leak downwards, the designed radiating surface is kept, and the maintenance and the disassembly of the outer anode are also very convenient.

2) Because the lower annular water return tank 4 and the stainless steel outer cylinder 7 are arranged, a water return ascending channel 7A is formed between the stainless steel outer cylinder and the outer anode, so that secondary heat exchange of pressure return water discharge is realized, and further the cooling is carried out from the outer surface of the outer anode. The two-time cooling realizes heat exchange between the inner surface and the outer surface of each component of the whole cylindrical anode from the inner surface to the outer surface in the radial direction, and the cooling effect is excellent.

3) N spiral water channels are uniformly distributed and wound for heat dissipation, water is uniformly distributed and dissipated, and large temperature difference and local heating at each position are avoided.

4) The upper and lower annular water return grooves 8 and 4 are designed, so that cold water is conveniently led into the spiral water channel 2, hot water is led out of an external water system, and the upper and lower annular seats 9 and 5 are positioned in the inner cavities of the two upper and lower annular seats and can greatly cool and conduct arc heat of the central hole.

5) The structural design considers the convenience of manufacture, assembly, disassembly and maintenance. For example, the inner diameter D3 of the outer anode is larger than the outer diameter D9 of the upper end ring seat 9.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water-cooled anode of a plasma generator.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The embodiment is used for a large anode of a non-transferred arc plasma generator.

The water-cooled anode of the plasma generator comprises the following components:

1) overall structure and arrangement:

referring to fig. 1, a cylindrical anode with a central hole 10 is provided with a spiral inner anode 1 along the radial wall thickness B, and the outer surface of the spiral inner anode is provided with spiral water channels 2 formed by axial threads and evenly distributed with N upper water inlets 2A and lower water outlets 2B in the circumferential direction. Referring to fig. 2, the spiral water channel 2 is axially parallel-wound by N threads, and N is 4 in this embodiment; the outer surface of the spiral inner anode 1 is sleeved with a cylindrical outer anode 3, a spiral arc surface 1.3 (shown in figure 2) formed by groove teeth is arranged between the spiral inner anode and the outer anode, a fit clearance between the spiral arc surface 1.3 and an inner hole of the outer anode 3 is not more than 0.1mm, the spiral arc surface is contacted between the spiral arc surface and the outer anode, and the spiral inner anode 1 and the outer anode 3 are also heat transfer channels, so that the spiral inner anode 1 and the outer anode 3 become a heat radiator with cooling water channels inside. Referring to fig. 1, an upper end ring seat 9 is arranged at the axial upper end of the spiral inner anode, a lower end ring seat 5 is arranged at the lower end of the spiral inner anode, and the upper end ring seat 9 and the lower end ring seat 5 are connected with an inner ring 1A (see fig. 1) of the spiral inner anode 1 into a whole. The periphery of the outer anode 3 is provided with a stainless steel cylindrical outer cylinder 7, and the annular space between the outer cylinder 7 and the outer anode 3 is a backwater ascending channel 7A. The outer anode 3 also plays a role in separating primary cooling water in the spiral water channel 2 from secondary cooling water in the backwater ascending channel 7A.

Referring to fig. 1, an annular water return groove 8 is formed in the axial inner side of the upper end ring seat 9 and is communicated with an upper water inlet 2A of the spiral water channel 2. The lower annular seat 5 is provided with a lower annular water return groove 4 on the axial inner side and is communicated with a lower water outlet 2B of the spiral water channel 2. An upper anode water inlet pipe 11 communicated with an external pressure water system is communicated with the upper annular water return tank 8; and an upper anode water outlet pipe 13 communicated with an external pressure water system is communicated with the backwater ascending channel 7A.

Item 6, see figure 1, is a lower end cap, mounted on the lower end face of the lower end ring seat 5, with a matching central hole 6A. The lower end of the outer cylinder 7 is fixed between the lower end ring seat 5 and the lower end cover 6, and an outer cylinder lower seal 7.1 is arranged; the upper end of the outer cylinder 7 is fixed on the lower surface of the water inlet and outlet ring seat 12 and is provided with an upper seal 7.2 of the outer cylinder. The anode water inlet pipe 11 is communicated with the upper annular water return tank 8 through a water inlet channel 12.1 of the water inlet and outlet ring seat 12 to introduce inlet water; the anode water outlet pipe 13 is communicated with the backwater ascending channel 7A through a water outlet channel 12.2 of the water inlet and outlet ring seat 12 to discharge (hot) water. Item 14 is an upper annular seal. Item 10 is the anode center hole, and the arc 10A is ejected from the top down stream (the last stage large anode in this embodiment), or from the top down stream to the next stage anode.

2) The spiral water channel 2 is formed by taking the number N of the embodiment as 4.

Referring to fig. 2, N is 4 tooth sockets uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, that is, four water inlets are uniformly distributed in four spiral water channels 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 which are correspondingly wound in parallel. Fig. 1 shows four inlet relative positions of the four spiral water channels 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 which are wound around at the upper end inlet 2A. Similarly, fig. 1 shows that the four parallel spiral water channels 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 are located at the lower water outlet 2B, corresponding to the relative positions of the four water outlets of the four spiral water channels. Thereby forming a cooling water channel with uniformly distributed water.

3) Referring to fig. 1, the inner diameter D3 of the outer anode 3 is larger than the maximum outer diameter D9 of the upper end ring seat 9. (D3 also can be seen in FIG. 2).

4) The spiral inner anode 1, the upper end ring seat 9, the lower end ring seat 5 and other components are made of red copper. The outer anode 3 is made of stainless steel, and is preferably made of stainless steel because the outer anode separates the inner water channel from the outer water channel and is thin-walled.

The working process is as follows:

1) referring to fig. 1, an external motor drives an external water pump to start, and pressure cold water is communicated with an upper annular water return tank 8 through an upper anode water inlet pipe 11 and a water inlet channel 12.1 of a water inlet and outlet ring seat 12, is introduced into inlet water and then flows into the uniformly distributed N-4 spiral water channels through a water inlet 2A above the spiral water channels.

2) Meanwhile, the plasma generator enters a working state after arc striking, an electric arc is generated at the cathode emission end and emitted, and the electric arc 10A enters the anode central hole 10 from top to bottom as shown in figure 1.

3) Referring to fig. 1, the inner wall of the anode central hole 10 is an inner ring 1A of the spiral inner anode 1, which is a red copper conductor, when the electric arc 10A passes through the anode central hole 10, a conductive channel is formed between the electric arc and the inner wall, part of heat of the electric arc is transferred to the spiral water channel 2 through the inner wall (i.e. the inner ring 1A), and exchanges heat with cold water in the spiral water channel, namely, the electric arc is cooled for the first time

4) Referring to fig. 1, after the cooling water in the spiral water channel is cooled for the first time, the cooling water is discharged into a lower annular water return tank 4 through a water outlet 2B below the spiral water channel, then turns to and goes through a water return ascending channel 7A for secondary cooling, and finally is discharged into an anode water outlet pipe 13 through a water outlet channel 12.2 of a water inlet and outlet annular seat 12, and hot water is discharged.

Briefly describing the water-cooling anode process steps of the plasma generator:

1) designing the size of the red copper cylinder blank and manufacturing the blank according to the integral size of the spiral inner anode 1, the upper end ring seat 9 and the lower end ring seat 5. 2) And machining threads on the surface of the spiral inner anode 1 according to the design size of the spiral water channel 2. 3) Upper and lower annular water return grooves 8, 4 are processed according to the size. 4) A lower end cap 6 is installed. 5) Finishing the processing of the cylindrical outer anode 3 of the stainless steel, sleeving the outer anode on the periphery of the spiral inner anode 1 from top to bottom, wherein the fit clearance is not more than 0.1mm, and forming N spiral water channels 2 in the middle. For the convenience of installation, the inner diameter D3 of the outer anode 3 is designed to be larger than the maximum outer diameter D9 of the upper end ring seat 9. 5) An outer cylinder 7 (comprising an upper sealing ring 7.2 and a lower sealing ring 7.1) is sequentially arranged; an anode water inlet pipe 11 and an anode water outlet pipe 13; an upper water inlet and outlet ring seat 12; an upper annular seal 14.

Claims

1. The water-cooled anode of the plasma generator comprises a cylindrical anode with a central hole, and is characterized in that:

a spiral inner anode (1) is arranged on a cylindrical anode with a central hole (10) within the range of radial wall thickness (B), and the outer surface of the spiral inner anode is provided with a spiral water channel (2) which is formed by axial threads and is uniformly provided with N upper water inlets (2A) and N lower water outlets (2B) in the circumferential direction; a cylindrical outer anode (3) is sleeved outside the spiral cambered surface (1.3) of the outer surface of the spiral inner anode; the periphery of the outer anode is provided with a stainless steel cylindrical outer cylinder (7) with the upper end and the lower end sealed, and an annular space between the outer cylinder and the outer anode is a backwater ascending channel (7A);

the upper end and the lower end of the spiral inner anode are respectively provided with an upper end ring seat and a lower end ring seat (9, 5), and the upper end ring seat and the lower end ring seat are axially connected with the spiral inner anode inner ring (1A) into a whole; the axial inner sides of the upper end ring seat and the lower end ring seat are respectively provided with an upper annular water return tank and a lower annular water return tank (8, 4); the upper annular water return groove and the lower annular water return groove are respectively communicated with an upper water inlet (2A) and a lower water outlet (2B) of the spiral water channel; an anode water inlet pipe (11) and an anode water outlet pipe (13) which are communicated with an external pressure water system are respectively communicated with the upper annular water return tank (8) and the water return ascending channel (7A) through a water inlet and outlet ring seat (12);

the above-mentioned spiral water course includes:

n tooth grooves are uniformly distributed on the same horizontal circular surface of the spiral water channel (2) in the circumferential direction, N spiral water channels which are parallel wound in the axial direction are correspondingly arranged, and N upper water inlets (2A) are uniformly distributed on the upper ports of the N spiral water channels in the circumferential direction; n lower water outlets (2B) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the lower ports of the N spiral water channels.

2. The water-cooled anode for a plasma generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and a fit clearance between the spiral cambered surface (1.3) on the outer surface of the spiral inner anode and the outer anode is not more than 0.1 mm.

3. The water-cooled anode for a plasma generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter (D3) of the outer anode is larger than the maximum outer diameter (D9) of the upper end ring seat.

4. The water-cooled anode for a plasma generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the spiral inner anode (1), the upper end ring seat (9) and the lower end ring seat (5) are made of red copper; the outer anode (3) is made of stainless steel.