CN210325229U - Low-background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure - Google Patents
Low-background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN210325229U CN210325229U CN201920837588.4U CN201920837588U CN210325229U CN 210325229 U CN210325229 U CN 210325229U CN 201920837588 U CN201920837588 U CN 201920837588U CN 210325229 U CN210325229 U CN 210325229U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of radiation protection, and discloses a low background laboratory with a radioactive shielding structure, which comprises a roof, walls, a door, a ventilation system and a floor, wherein the roof, the walls and the floor are all composed of a concrete layer, a lead shielding layer, a stainless steel plate layer and an isolation layer capable of absorbing neutrons; the isolating layer consists of a carbon nano plate with a porous structure and a boron carbide ceramic layer attached to one surface of the carbon nano plate; the door comprises an inner steel plate layer and an outer steel plate layer, and a lead plate interlayer is arranged between the inner steel plate layer and the outer steel plate layer. The roof, the wall and the floor of the utility model are all composed of a concrete layer, a lead shielding layer, a stainless steel plate layer and an isolating layer capable of absorbing neutrons, thus realizing the isolation and absorption of neutrons, effectively isolating secondary rays generated by secondary ionization and ensuring the low background environment of radioactivity in a laboratory; meanwhile, the isolation layer comprises a carbon nano plate with a porous structure, and can play a better role in heat preservation, heat insulation and sound absorption and insulation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a radiation protection technical field, concretely relates to take radioactive shielding structure's low background laboratory.
Background
The radioactivity (including radioactive radiation) in the environment can be divided into two categories, natural and artificial according to the source, wherein the natural radioactivity is ubiquitous, the source is complex and various, and the α rays, β rays, gamma rays and neutron rays are common.
α ray is helium nucleus moving at high speed and with positive charge, its mass is large, charge is large, ionization power is large, but penetration ability is poor, its range in air is only 1-2 cm, and it can be blocked by a piece of paper.
β ray is high-speed electron flow, which has charged charge, small mass, stronger penetrating power than α particle and weaker ionizing power than α particle, the range of β ray in air is different due to different energy, generally several meters, and the irradiation of β ray to human body can be well blocked by using a common metal plate, an organic glass plate with a certain thickness and a plastic plate.
Gamma-ray: is a high-energy electromagnetic wave with a very short wavelength. It is uncharged, has no direct ionization function, but can indirectly cause ionization effect through interaction with substances. Gamma rays have a strong penetration power and typically have a range of several hundred meters in air. But also can react with substances to generate secondary ionization, and thick concrete walls or heavy metal (such as iron and lead) plates are generally required to effectively block gamma rays.
Neutron ray: is a particle stream composed of neutral particles. No electricity and strong penetrating power. It like a gamma ray can indirectly ionize matter by secondary particles generated by interaction with matter.
In the processes of radiation protection, radioactivity detection and radioactive science research and test, the background level of a radioactivity detecting instrument is an important factor influencing the lower limit of detection; the radioactivity in the environment often constitutes an interfering factor or background reading for the monitoring of artificial radioactivity, and the contribution of the natural radiation background must be subtracted to distinguish the effects of human activity on the radiation level of the environment. Particularly, when trace or trace sample radioactive analysis is carried out, the reduction of the natural background is an effective measure for improving the detection accuracy.
At present, a conventional low-background laboratory is mainly formed by pouring concrete, a lead plate is additionally arranged on a wall surface or a roof, a certain radiation protection effect can be achieved on α rays, β rays and gamma rays, neutrons have strong penetrating power when passing through substances and can act with blocking substances to generate secondary ionization, the absorption effect of the laboratory structure on the neutrons is poor, and the laboratory is not a real low-background environment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Based on the problems, the utility model provides a low background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure, which can realize the isolation and absorption of neutrons, also can effectively isolate the secondary rays generated by secondary ionization, and ensures the low background environment of radioactivity in the laboratory; meanwhile, the isolation layer comprises a carbon nano plate with a porous structure, and can play a better role in heat preservation, heat insulation and sound absorption and insulation.
For solving the technical problem, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:
a low background laboratory with a radioactive shielding structure comprises a roof, walls, a door, a ventilation system and a floor, wherein the roof, the walls and the floor are all composed of a concrete layer, a lead shielding layer, a stainless steel plate layer and an isolation layer capable of absorbing neutrons, and the concrete layer, the isolation layer, the lead shielding layer and the stainless steel plate layer are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside; the isolating layer consists of a carbon nano plate with a porous structure and a boron carbide ceramic layer attached to one surface of the carbon nano plate; the door comprises an inner steel plate layer and an outer steel plate layer, and a lead plate interlayer is arranged between the inner steel plate layer and the outer steel plate layer.
Further, the thickness of the concrete layer is 1m, the lead shielding layer is a lead plate with the thickness of 20mm, the thickness of the carbon nano plate is 30mm, and the thickness of the boron carbide ceramic layer is 4 mm.
Further, the thickness of the inner steel plate layer and the outer steel plate layer of the door is 4mm, and the thickness of the lead plate interlayer is 20 mm.
Further, lead shielding layer, isolation layer and corrosion resistant plate layer are fixed through the expansion bolts who sets up in concrete internal surface, the installation and the dismantlement of the lead shielding layer of being convenient for, isolation layer and corrosion resistant plate layer, and lead shielding layer can not directly and concrete layer adhesion, can realize that the laboratory demolishs the recovery of back stereotype and recycle.
Furthermore, a matte layer is arranged on one surface of the stainless steel plate layer close to the room, so that the light in the laboratory is uniform and soft.
Furthermore, the ventilation system comprises a filter, a constant temperature and humidity device and a fan which are arranged outside the wall, wherein an air inlet of the filter is communicated with the indoor space, an air outlet of the filter is communicated with an air inlet of the fan, an air outlet of the fan is communicated with an air inlet of the constant temperature and humidity device, and an air outlet of the constant temperature and humidity device is communicated with the indoor space through an air supply pipe penetrating through the wall. The temperature and humidity of the laboratory can be stabilized, the circulating ventilation in the laboratory can be realized, and the air in the laboratory can be purified.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the roof, the wall and the floor of the utility model are all composed of a concrete layer, a lead shielding layer, a stainless steel plate layer and an isolating layer capable of absorbing neutrons, thus realizing the isolation and absorption of neutrons, effectively isolating secondary rays generated by secondary ionization and ensuring the low background environment of radioactivity in a laboratory; meanwhile, the isolation layer comprises a carbon nano plate with a porous structure, and can play a better role in heat preservation, heat insulation and sound absorption and insulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low background laboratory with radioactive shielding in this example;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of detail A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of detail B of FIG. 1;
wherein: 1. a roof; 2. a wall; 3. a door; 4. a floor; 5. a concrete layer; 6. a lead shielding layer; 7. a stainless steel plate layer; 8. a carbon nanoplate; 9. a boron carbide ceramic layer; 10. an inner steel sheet layer; 11. an outer steel sheet layer; 12. a lead plate interlayer; 13. a filter; 14. a constant temperature and humidity device; 15. a fan.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples and drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are only used for explaining the present invention, and are not intended as limitations of the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the low background laboratory with the radioactive shielding structure comprises a roof 1, walls 2, a door 3, a ventilation system and a floor 4, wherein the roof 1, the walls 2 and the floor 4 are all composed of a concrete layer 5, a lead shielding layer 6, a stainless steel plate layer 7 and an isolation layer capable of absorbing neutrons, and the concrete layer 5, the isolation layer, the lead shielding layer 6 and the stainless steel plate layer 7 are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside; the isolating layer consists of a carbon nano plate 8 with a porous structure and a boron carbide ceramic layer 9 attached to one surface of the carbon nano plate 8; the door 3 comprises an inner steel plate layer 10 and an outer steel plate layer 11, and a lead plate interlayer 12 is arranged between the inner steel plate layer 10 and the outer steel plate layer 11.
In the embodiment, the roof 1, the wall 2 and the floor 4 of the low-background laboratory are all composed of a concrete layer 5, a lead shielding layer 6, a stainless steel plate layer 7 and an isolation layer capable of absorbing neutrons, wherein the concrete layer 5 can realize isolation and absorption of α rays and β rays, the gamma rays and the neutron rays have extremely strong penetrating power, most of the gamma rays and the neutron rays can be isolated and absorbed by the concrete layer 5, the neutron rays penetrating through the concrete layer can be absorbed by a boron carbide ceramic layer 9 of the isolation layer when passing through the isolation layer, in addition, the gamma rays and the neutron rays can act with substances in the concrete layer 5 to generate secondary ionization when passing through the concrete layer 5, further, secondary rays are generated, most of the secondary rays can also be absorbed in the concrete layer 5, the gamma rays penetrating through the concrete layer and the generated secondary rays can be isolated and absorbed by the lead shielding layer 6 or the stainless steel plate layer 7, the laboratory 3 is provided with a three-layer structure of an inner steel plate layer 10, a lead plate interlayer 12 and an outer steel plate layer 11, the laboratory can also realize isolation layer structure and a good heat insulation effect of the low-background laboratory room door and a nano heat insulation layer 8 can be achieved.
As a better radiation-proof material, it should be made of a material in which light elements and heavy elements are properly combined. Particularly, gamma rays and neutron rays require not only heavy elements but also sufficient light elements, and hydrogen is the lightest element, and has an excellent protective effect. The concrete layer 5 in the embodiment is heavy concrete with the volume weight of more than 2800kg/m3, adopts portland cement and contains high-density aggregate. Portland cement concrete has enough strength, is a mixture of hydrogen, light elements and elements with relatively high atomic numbers, can effectively shield gamma radiation and a large amount of neutrons, and is widely used as a shielding material in buildings. The carbon nano plate 8 and the boron carbide ceramic layer 9 in the isolation plate are integrally sintered and formed, namely, a layer of boron oxide is uniformly paved on the surface of the carbon nano plate 8, and then sintering and forming are carried out at 1950-2100 ℃, so that the boron carbide ceramic layer 9 is attached to the surface of the carbon nano plate 8.
The thickness of concrete layer 5 in this embodiment is 1m, lead shielding layer 6 is the lead plate that 20mm is thick, and the thickness of carbon nano-plate 8 is 30mm, and the thickness of boron carbide ceramic layer 9 is 4 mm. the thickness of the interior steel sheet layer 10 of door 3 and the thickness of outer steel sheet layer 11 are 4mm, and lead plate intermediate layer 12 thickness is more than 20mm can satisfy the isolation and the absorption to α ray, β ray, gamma ray and neutron ray, guarantees the low background environment in laboratory.
The lead shielding layer 6, the isolation layer and the stainless steel plate layer 7 are fixed through expansion bolts arranged on the inner surface of the concrete layer 5. Lead shielding layer 6, isolation layer and stainless steel sheet layer 7's installation and dismantlement are convenient for, and lead shielding layer 6 can not direct and concrete layer 5 adhesion, can realize that the laboratory demolishs the recovery of back stereotype and recycles.
One surface of the stainless steel plate layer 7 close to the indoor is provided with a matte layer. The matt surface is a smooth surface, the luminosity of the matt surface is lower than that of a polishing surface, and the matt surface is prepared by performing less polishing treatment on the surface of a stainless steel layer by using an abrasive material and the like. The luminosity is generally about 30 ~ 60, and the surface is level and smooth, has certain luminosity, but the reflection of light is less strong, generally shows diffuse reflection, can guarantee that the light in the laboratory is even, soft.
Referring to fig. 1, the ventilation system includes a filter 13, a constant temperature and humidity device 14 and a fan 15, which are disposed outside the wall 2, an air inlet of the filter 13 is communicated with the room, an air outlet of the filter 13 is communicated with an air inlet of the fan 15, an air outlet of the fan 15 is communicated with an air inlet of the constant temperature and humidity device 14, and an air outlet of the constant temperature and humidity device 14 is communicated with the room through an air supply pipe passing through the wall 2. The operation of the fan 15 drives the air in the laboratory to enter the filter 13, and the particles such as dust in the air in the laboratory are filtered to obtain clean air; after the clean air is treated by the constant temperature and humidity device 14, the air flow is sent into the laboratory through the air supply pipe again, the constant temperature and humidity effect of the laboratory is guaranteed, and air circulation purification and ventilation in the laboratory are also realized.
The operation of the constant temperature and humidity device is realized through three interconnected systems: a refrigerant circulating system, an air circulating system and an electric appliance automatic control system; the liquid refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs the heat of the air and starts to evaporate, and the air is cooled and dehumidified at the moment; a certain temperature difference is formed between the refrigerant and air, the liquid refrigerant is also completely evaporated to be changed into a low-temperature low-pressure gas state, then the low-temperature low-pressure gas state is sucked and compressed by the compressor, and the gas refrigerant absorbs heat through the condenser (air cooling/water cooling) and is condensed into liquid. The refrigerant is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant after being throttled by an expansion valve or a capillary tube and enters an evaporator, and the refrigerant circulating process is finished. The constant temperature and humidity device 14 selected for use in this embodiment is a constant temperature and humidity machine, and the temperature range of the constant temperature and humidity machine is: 0-150 ℃, humidity range: 30 to 98 percent RH, and meets the national standard GB/T2423.3-2016.
The embodiment of the present invention is the above. The specific parameters in the above embodiments and examples are only for the purpose of clearly showing the verification process of the present invention, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention, which is still subject to the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a take radioactive shielding structure's low background laboratory, includes roof (1), wall (2), door (3), ventilation system and floor (4), its characterized in that: the roof (1), the wall (2) and the floor (4) are all composed of a concrete layer (5), a lead shielding layer (6), a stainless steel plate layer (7) and an isolation layer capable of absorbing neutrons, and the concrete layer (5), the isolation layer, the lead shielding layer (6) and the stainless steel plate layer (7) are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside; the isolating layer consists of a carbon nano plate (8) with a porous structure and a boron carbide ceramic layer (9) attached to one surface of the carbon nano plate (8); the door (3) comprises an inner steel plate layer (10) and an outer steel plate layer (11), and a lead plate interlayer (12) is arranged between the inner steel plate layer (10) and the outer steel plate layer (11).
2. A low background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein: concrete layer (5) thickness is 1m, lead shielding layer (6) are the lead plate that 20mm is thick, the thickness of carbon nano-plate (8) is 30mm, the thickness of boron carbide ceramic layer (9) is 4 mm.
3. A low background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the inner steel plate layer (10) and the thickness of the outer steel plate layer (11) of the door (3) are both 4mm, and the thickness of the lead plate interlayer (12) is 20 mm.
4. A low background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein: the lead shielding layer (6), the isolation layer and the stainless steel plate layer (7) are fixed through expansion bolts arranged on the inner surface of the concrete layer (5).
5. A low background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure according to claim 1, wherein: and a matte layer is arranged on one surface of the stainless steel plate layer (7) close to the indoor space.
6. The low background laboratory with the radioactive shielding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the ventilation system is including setting up filter (13), constant temperature and humidity device (14) and fan (15) outside wall (2), the air intake and the indoor intercommunication of filter (13), the air outlet of filter (13) and the air intake intercommunication of fan (15), the air outlet of fan (15) and the air intake intercommunication of constant temperature and humidity device (14), the air outlet of constant temperature and humidity device (14) is through the blast pipe and the indoor intercommunication that pass wall (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920837588.4U CN210325229U (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2019-06-04 | Low-background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure |
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| CN201920837588.4U CN210325229U (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2019-06-04 | Low-background laboratory with radioactive shielding structure |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111933322A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-13 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | High-temperature-resistant neutron shielding assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN112582093A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏中海华核环保有限公司 | Temperature regulation and holding device between biological shielding |
-
2019
- 2019-06-04 CN CN201920837588.4U patent/CN210325229U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111933322A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-13 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | High-temperature-resistant neutron shielding assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN112582093A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏中海华核环保有限公司 | Temperature regulation and holding device between biological shielding |
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