CN210290561U - Friction plate structure for brake and clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a friction disc structure that stopper and clutch were used, including powder piece and steel sheet, powder piece and steel sheet all include the substrate, be equipped with annular friction surface of circle and tie-key on the substrate, at least one side of substrate is equipped with the elastic ring around the friction disc center, the elastic ring fix between the friction surface of substrate and tie-key, the free state height of elastic ring is 1.22 to 1.38 times of distance between the two adjacent powder pieces of stopper or clutch when compressing tightly the operating mode on the steel sheet, the free state height of elastic ring is 1.22 to 1.38 times of distance between the two adjacent steel sheets of stopper or clutch when compressing tightly the operating mode on the powder piece. The utility model discloses a friction disc can ensure that stopper and clutch are from each other separation when breaking off to avoid arousing the friction and generating heat, the noise reduction has improved transmission efficiency, has greatly prolonged the life of friction disc.

Description

Friction plate structure for brake and clutch

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a mechanical transmission technical field, concretely relates to friction disc structure that stopper and clutch were used is applicable to dry-type or wet-type hydraulic pressure, electromagnetic braking ware or clutch.

Background

In various machines, a multi-plate disc brake and a clutch are widely used, friction plates in the prior brakes and clutches generally use powder plates as shown in fig. 9 and 10 and steel plates as shown in fig. 11 and 12, which are conventionally called fixed plates when connected with fixed and non-rotating parts and movable plates when connected with rotating parts according to use conditions, but in some clutch occasions, the connected parts are in a rotating condition when in an engaged state, and when the clutch is in a disengaged state, one of the parts may be fixed, one of the parts may be operated, and the parts may be respectively rotated at different rotating speeds and rotating directions. It is therefore difficult to determine which is the stator and which is the rotor, and it is appropriate to distinguish them exactly by steel or powder. The steel sheet is generally a friction part which is made of a 65Mn steel plate and is heat-treated to a certain hardness, a connecting key (spline or tooth part) for transmitting torque is machined on an outer circle or an inner hole, and two planes are ground to a certain degree of finish, dimensional accuracy and form and position tolerance. The powder sheet is a friction coupling part made of the same material and process as the stator sheet, but the powder sheet is sintered with a copper-based material which is wear-resistant and has a large friction coefficient on a friction surface, or is sintered and glued with a friction material such as plastic and rubber which are wear-resistant and have a large friction coefficient. When one connecting key of the two opposite-grinding friction plates is arranged on the excircle, the other connecting key is arranged in the inner hole, the connecting key of a common steel sheet is better in the inner hole, and the steel sheet has higher strength than the powder sheet, and the size of the inner hole is smaller than that of the excircle, so that the basic consistency of the transmission strength is guaranteed when the thicknesses of the steel sheet and the powder sheet are consistent. However, in the friction plate of the prior art, although the friction plate does not bear the pressing force when the friction plate and the friction plate are disengaged from each other and relatively operate, the steel plate and the powder plate are always adsorbed together due to adsorption, friction heating and noise are caused, particularly, the adsorption force is larger in the wet friction plate with oil lubrication, and when the friction group is relatively large in high-speed relative operation, the friction heating is serious, so that the transmission efficiency is reduced, and the service life of the friction plate is shortened. For this purpose, the additional spring 12 shown in fig. 13 and 14 has been used to reduce the friction, but these methods of reducing friction are complicated, take up a large space, and only when the friction plates connected with the outside are separated, a certain distance is kept between the friction plates and the friction plates connected with the inside, and when the friction plates are in a separated state, the friction plates still cannot keep a certain distance between the adjacent friction plates and can rub with each other due to the adsorption action, the whole is only slightly improved, and the problem cannot be thoroughly solved, since it is structurally difficult to place a coil spring (fig. 13) or a ripple spring (fig. 14) at the inner circumference of the friction surface as on the outer circumference, on the friction plate under high-speed operation, the outer ring has a position capable of blocking, and the inner ring has no position capable of blocking and positioning, if the ripple spring is also arranged on the inner ring, the friction surface is likely to be damaged under the action of centrifugal force, so that the clutch or the brake is affected.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at solving the friction disc among prior art's stopper and the clutch when throwing off relative operation, arouse the friction to generate heat and the noise because adsorption easily, not only reduce transmission efficiency, and the problem that makes friction disc life shorten, a friction disc structure for stopper and clutch is provided, can ensure that the friction disc in stopper and the clutch separates each other when throwing off, thereby avoid arousing the friction and generate heat, the noise reduction, transmission efficiency is improved, the life of friction disc has greatly been prolonged, and then stopper or clutch life-span has been prolonged.

The utility model discloses a solve the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem adopted, a friction disc structure that stopper and clutch were used, the friction disc include powder piece and steel sheet, powder piece and steel sheet all include the substrate, be equipped with annular friction surface of circle and connection key on the substrate, the at least one side of substrate is equipped with the elastic ring around the friction disc center, the elastic ring fix between the friction surface of substrate and connection key, the free state height of elastic ring is 1.22 to 1.38 times of distance between two adjacent powder pieces of stopper or clutch when compressing tightly the operating mode on the steel sheet, the free state height of elastic ring is 1.22 to 1.38 times of distance between two adjacent steel sheets of stopper or clutch when compressing tightly the operating mode on the powder piece. The utility model discloses all be provided with the elastic ring that makes adjacent friction disc alternate segregation on powder piece and steel sheet, this elastic ring sets up between the friction surface of substrate and tie key, can not influence the normal work of the friction surface of friction disc and tie key. When the brake or the clutch is pressed tightly, the height of the elastic ring is compressed, the elastic ring stores elasticity, and the powder sheet is attached to the friction surface of the steel sheet to play a role in braking or power transmission; when the brake or the clutch is disengaged, the elastic ring releases the stored elastic force to separate the two adjacent friction plates. The friction surface is a mutual contact friction part of the powder sheet and the steel sheet when the brake or the clutch is pressed; the connecting key is a part for transmitting torque between the powder sheet and the steel sheet and an inner gear ring and an outer gear ring of the brake or the clutch. Because the total height of the elastic ring protruding from the substrate is larger than the distance between two adjacent friction plates of the same name when the brake or the clutch is pressed, when the brake or the clutch is released, the resilience force released by the elastic ring can ensure that the two adjacent friction plates are separated. Like this, when stopper or clutch throw off, two adjacent friction discs can not be because of adsorbing the contact at the rotation in-process, thoroughly eliminated because of the source of friction noise that produces, also avoided generating heat because of the friction simultaneously, improved transmission efficiency, greatly prolonged the life of friction disc, and then prolonged stopper or clutch life-span. The free state height of the elastic ring on the steel sheet is set to be 1.22 to 1.38 times of the distance between two adjacent powder sheets when the brake or the clutch is in a pressing working condition, and the free state height of the elastic ring on the powder sheet is set to be 1.22 to 1.38 times of the distance between two adjacent steel sheets when the brake or the clutch is in the pressing working condition, so that each group of friction plates have proper gaps in a disengaging state, and meanwhile, the elastic ring can be ensured to work reliably for a long time, and the elastic force is basically unchanged. The thickness of the steel sheet substrate is the thickness of the steel sheet, the thickness of the powder sheet substrate is the total thickness of the powder sheet minus the total thickness of the friction plate sintered or bonded at two sides, and the thicknesses of the steel sheet and the powder sheet substrate can be consistent or inconsistent. The height of the elastic ring on the steel sheet and the height of the elastic ring of the powder sheet can be the same when the thickness of the steel sheet is consistent with that of the powder sheet substrate, and the height of the elastic ring on the steel sheet and the height of the elastic ring of the powder sheet are different when the thickness of the steel sheet is inconsistent with that of the powder sheet substrate. The utility model discloses detect through practical application and prove: under continuous dynamic compactor winch operating mode environment, use the utility model discloses a it obviously reduces that generates heat behind the friction disc, and the life-span can improve tens of times. Before using the utility model discloses the technique, only about 200 hours with its working life of general friction disc, after having added the elastic ring on same friction disc, under same operating mode, experiment model machine life is nearly 2000 hours at present, and still is working normally. In addition, in the stopper of planetary reducer that the rotational speed reaches 7000 rpm, adopt the utility model discloses the technique, the stopper does not generate heat when breaking away from the operation, and the noise is only 72 decibels, has reached very ideal effect. Practice has proved the utility model discloses the innovative structure will bring epoch-making meaning to the result of use of multi-disc brake and clutch, will produce huge energy-conserving effect to these machines that are using in millions of millions after promoting, can show improvement their life.

Preferably, the cross section of the elastic ring is arched, trapezoidal, semicircular, semi-elliptical, triangular, rectangular or a combination thereof. The cross section of the elastic ring can adopt any shape which is beneficial to reducing the occupied space and fixing with the substrate, and preferably adopts an arch structure with the top being semicircular or semielliptical and the bottom being rectangular or trapezoidal.

Preferably, the elastic ring is circular or regular polygon, and is made of plastic or rubber material; the elastic ring is made of oil-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials, and the plastic or rubber is of a high-elasticity low-hardness structure; the elastic ring is fixed with the substrate through welding, welding or bonding, and gaps are arranged among the elastic ring, the friction surface and the connecting keys. The resilient ring is a ring-like structure surrounding the centre of the friction plate and may be circular or polygonal in its entirety, preferably circular. The elastic ring is made of elastic plastic or rubber which is firmly combined with the substrates of the steel sheet and the powder sheet, and can reliably bear the action of centrifugal force under high-speed rotation without separation. In addition, the elastic ring can bear the working temperature of minus 40 ℃ to plus 100 ℃ or even a larger range according to different working conditions. These elastomeric rings also have oil and corrosion resistance properties when used in wet applications. At the same time, the elastic ring should be at a certain distance from the friction surface, and the elastic ring is not allowed to contact the friction surface when the powder sheet is jointed with the steel sheet.

Preferably, the steel sheets in the same brake or clutch are 1-50 sheets, and the number of the powder sheets is the same as that of the steel sheets or the number of the powder sheets is one more than that of the steel sheets. The friction plate of the utility model is suitable for a brake or a clutch with 1-50 steel sheets and 1-51 powder sheets. Except that the friction disc at the edge of the brake or the clutch is in the need of structural connection and may not be suitable for the elastic ring, other friction discs can adopt the structure of the utility model.

Preferably, one surface of the substrate is provided with an elastic ring, in the same brake or clutch, the protruding directions of the elastic ring on the powder sheet and the elastic ring on the steel sheet are opposite, and the protruding direction of the elastic ring of the friction plate connected with the outer gear ring of the brake or clutch points to the positioning ring of the outer gear ring. The utility model discloses an elastic ring is preferred to be the single face setting, and when the elastic ring single face set up, its protruding opposite direction of elastic ring on the powder piece and the steel sheet, according to the structural requirement simultaneously, the locating ring of the outside ring gear of its elastic ring protruding direction of friction disc that is connected with the outer ring gear of stopper or clutch can ensure two adjacent friction discs and separate smoothly like this.

As another alternative, both sides of the substrate are provided with elastic rings, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the substrate. The elastic ring on the steel sheet and the powder sheet can be provided with one elastic ring on one side of each sheet, and all the paired steel sheets and powder sheets are sintered or glued to form one elastic ring; two elastic rings can be respectively sintered or cemented on two surfaces of one steel sheet and one powder sheet, and the adjacent steel sheet and the powder sheet do not need to be sintered or cemented on the elastic rings.

The utility model has the advantages that: it has solved the friction disc among prior art's stopper and the clutch effectively when throwing off relative operation, arouses the friction to generate heat and the noise because adsorption easily, not only reduces transmission efficiency, makes the problem that friction disc life shortens moreover, the utility model discloses a friction disc that stopper and clutch were used can ensure that the friction disc in stopper and the clutch separates each other when throwing off to avoid arousing the friction and generating heat, the noise reduction has improved transmission efficiency, has greatly prolonged the life of friction disc, and then has prolonged stopper or clutch life, is applicable to dry-type or wet-type hydraulic pressure, electromagnetic braking ware or clutch.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the powder tablet of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the steel sheet of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a brake or clutch employing friction plates according to the present invention in a disengaged state;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a brake or clutch with friction plates according to the present invention in a compressed state;

FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the powder tablet of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is another schematic structural view of the steel sheet of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a prior art tablet construction;

FIG. 10 is a top view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a structural schematic of a prior art steel sheet;

FIG. 12 is a top view of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a prior art brake or clutch construction;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another prior art brake or clutch configuration.

In the figure: 1. the hydraulic press comprises a powder sheet, 2 steel sheets, 3 substrates, 4 friction surfaces, 5 connecting keys, 6 elastic rings, 7 outer gear rings, 8 positioning rings, 9 inner gear rings, 10 press blocks, 11 hydraulic mechanisms and 12 springs.

Detailed Description

The following provides a further description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The friction plate for the brake and the clutch in the embodiment 1 comprises a powder plate (see fig. 1 and 2) and a steel plate (see fig. 3 and 4), wherein the powder plate 1 and the steel plate 2 both comprise a substrate 3, the substrate is provided with a circular friction surface 4 and a connecting key 5, the connecting key of the powder plate is positioned on an inner circle, and the connecting key of the steel plate is positioned on an outer circle; one surface of the substrate is provided with an elastic ring 6 surrounding the center of the friction plate, the elastic ring is integrally annular, the cross section of the elastic ring is arched, the elastic ring is an oil-resistant nitrile rubber ring, the elastic ring has high elasticity and low hardness, and the temperature resistance range is between-40 ℃ and +100 ℃; the elastic ring is fixedly bonded between the friction surface and the connecting key of the substrate, gaps are arranged between the elastic ring and the friction surface as well as between the elastic ring and the connecting key, and the free-state height of the elastic ring on the powder sheet is 1.22 to 1.38 times (1.3 times in the embodiment) of the distance between two adjacent steel sheets when the brake or the clutch is in a pressing working condition; the free-state height of the elastic ring on the steel sheet is 1.22 to 1.38 times (1.3 times in the embodiment) of the distance between two adjacent powder sheets when the brake or the clutch is in a pressing working condition.

A practical structure of a brake or clutch using the friction plate of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 5 and 6, wherein fig. 5 shows a disengaged state of the brake or clutch, and fig. 6 shows a pressed state of the brake or clutch. The friction plate comprises 5 steel sheets and 6 powder sheets, the thickness of the powder sheets is the same as that of the base sheet of the steel sheets, the thickness of the base sheet of the steel sheets is the thickness of the steel sheets, the thickness of the base sheet of the powder sheets is the total thickness of the powder sheets minus the total thickness of the friction plate after sintering or bonding at two sides, and each steel sheet is positioned between the two powder sheets. The excircle of the steel sheet is provided with a connecting key, the steel sheet is connected with an outer gear ring 7 of a brake or a clutch through the connecting key on the excircle of the steel sheet, 5 steel sheets are respectively provided with an elastic ring, and the protruding direction of the elastic ring on the steel sheet points to a positioning ring 8 of the outer gear ring. The inner circle of the powder sheet is provided with a connecting key, the powder sheet is connected with an inner gear ring 9 of the brake or the clutch through the connecting key on the inner circle, 5 powder sheets close to the positioning ring are provided with elastic rings, the protruding directions of the elastic rings on the powder sheet and the elastic rings on the steel sheet are opposite, the elastic rings point to a pressing block 10 of the brake or the clutch, and the elastic rings are not arranged on one powder sheet close to the pressing block and are required to be connected with the pressing block. Because the height of the elastic ring is greater than the gap distance between two adjacent friction plates when the brake or the clutch is pressed, in a disengagement state, gaps delta are formed between two sides of the steel plate and the powder plate, and in the disengagement state, the gaps delta = H/2K between each group of friction surfaces, wherein H is the disengagement stroke (namely the stroke of a pressing block) of the hydraulic mechanism 11 of the brake or the clutch, and K is the number of the friction plate groups. When the brake or the clutch of the embodiment is in a disengaging state, a gap delta exists between two adjacent friction plates, so that the two adjacent friction plates can not be in mutual contact in a rotating process, the source of noise generated due to friction is thoroughly eliminated, meanwhile, the heat generated due to friction is also avoided, the transmission efficiency is improved, the service life of the friction plates is greatly prolonged, and the service life of the brake or the clutch is further prolonged.

Example 2

The powder and steel sheets of example 2 were provided with elastic rings on both sides of the substrate (see fig. 7 and 8), which were symmetrically disposed on both sides of the substrate. In this embodiment, two elastic rings are respectively sintered or cemented on two surfaces of a powder sheet and a steel sheet, and at this time, the powder sheet and the steel sheet adjacent to the powder sheet or the steel sheet do not need to be sintered or cemented on the elastic rings, that is, the powder sheet or the steel sheet is also a sheet with the elastic rings and a sheet without the elastic rings, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1.

Besides the above structure, the cross section of the elastic ring of the utility model can be trapezoid, semi-circle, semi-ellipse, triangle, rectangle or the combination thereof. The elastic ring can also adopt a regular polygon annular structure such as a hexagon, an octagon and the like on the whole, the material of the elastic ring can also adopt plastics, the fixing method of the elastic ring can be welding or welding and the like, steel sheets in the same brake or clutch are selected from 1 to 50, and the number of the powder sheets is the same as that of the steel sheets or is more than that of the steel sheets by one. The above embodiments are descriptions of the application of the friction plate of the present invention in a hydraulic brake or a hydraulic clutch, and the friction plate of the present invention is suitable for a dry or wet hydraulic, electromagnetic brake or clutch.

The utility model discloses all be provided with the elastic ring that makes adjacent friction disc alternate segregation on powder piece and steel sheet, this elastic ring sets up between the friction surface of substrate and tie key, can not influence the normal work of the friction surface of friction disc and tie key. When the brake or the clutch is pressed tightly, the height of the elastic ring is compressed, the elastic ring stores elasticity, and the powder sheet is attached to the friction surface of the steel sheet to play a role in braking or power transmission; when the brake or the clutch is disengaged, the elastic ring releases the stored elastic force to separate the two adjacent friction plates. Therefore, the source of noise caused by friction is thoroughly eliminated, meanwhile, the friction plate is prevented from generating heat caused by friction, the transmission efficiency is improved, the service life of the friction plate is greatly prolonged, and the service life of a brake or a clutch is further prolonged.

In addition to the above embodiments, the technical features or technical data of the present invention can be selected and combined again within the scope disclosed in the claims and the specification of the present invention to constitute new embodiments, which can be realized by those skilled in the art without creative efforts, and therefore, the embodiments of the present invention not described in detail should be regarded as specific embodiments of the present invention and within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The friction plate structure for the brake and the clutch is characterized in that the powder plate (1) and the steel plate (2) both comprise a substrate (3), an annular friction surface (4) and a connecting key (5) are arranged on the substrate, at least one surface of the substrate is provided with an elastic ring (6) surrounding the center of the friction plate, the elastic ring is fixed between the friction surface and the connecting key of the substrate, the free state height of the elastic ring on the steel plate is 1.22-1.38 times of the distance between two adjacent powder plates when the brake or the clutch is in a pressing working condition, and the free state height of the elastic ring on the powder plate is 1.22-1.38 times of the distance between two adjacent steel plates when the brake or the clutch is in the pressing working condition.

2. A friction plate construction for brakes and clutches as defined in claim 1 wherein said elastomeric ring is arcuate, trapezoidal, semi-circular, semi-elliptical, triangular, rectangular or combinations thereof in cross-section.

3. A friction plate structure for brakes and clutches as defined in claim 1 wherein said resilient ring is generally circular or regular polygonal in shape and is made of plastic or rubber material.

4. A friction plate structure for a brake and clutch as defined in claim 3 wherein said resilient ring is made of an oil and high temperature resistant material and said plastic or rubber is of a high elasticity and low hardness construction.

5. A friction plate construction for brakes and clutches as defined in claim 1 wherein said elastomeric ring is secured to said base by welding, soldering or adhesive bonding with gaps between said elastomeric ring and said friction surface and said connecting tabs.

6. A friction plate structure for a brake and clutch as defined in claim 1, wherein the number of steel plates in the same brake or clutch is 1-50, and the number of powder plates is the same as the number of steel plates or the number of powder plates is one more than the number of steel plates.

7. A friction plate structure for brakes and clutches as claimed in any of claims 1-6 wherein one side of the substrate is provided with a resilient ring, and in the same brake or clutch the resilient ring on the powder plate is raised in the opposite direction to the resilient ring on the steel plate, and the resilient ring of the friction plate connected to the outer ring gear (7) of the brake or clutch is raised in the direction towards the retaining ring (8) of the outer ring gear.

8. A friction plate construction for brakes and clutches as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 wherein both sides of the base plate are provided with resilient rings, said resilient rings being symmetrically disposed on both sides of the base plate.

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