CN210272543U

CN210272543U - Novel lithium ion battery

Info

Publication number: CN210272543U
Application number: CN201921374492.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗锴; 施志聪; 钟宜成; 梁振浪; 黄蔼琪
Original assignee: Guangdong University of Technology
Current assignee: Guangdong University of Technology
Priority date: 2019-08-22
Filing date: 2019-08-22
Publication date: 2020-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-22

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a novel lithium ion battery, which comprises a tubular positive current collector, wherein a negative current collector coaxial with the central axis of the positive current collector is arranged in the positive current collector, the circumferential direction and the bottom end of the negative current collector are wrapped with a first electrolyte layer, and a slurry-shaped positive active material layer is arranged between the first electrolyte layer and the positive current collector; the negative current collector and the positive current collector are made of porous foam metal, and the negative current collector is loaded with lithium-philic nano-particles; the outer wall and the bottom parcel of anodal mass flow body have the protective housing, the top of anodal mass flow body is provided with the butt the inner wall of protective housing reaches the insulating circle on first electrolyte layer, the top of negative pole mass flow body is provided with the butt the battery cap of insulating circle. The utility model discloses porous foam structure mass flow body specific surface area is bigger, weight is lighter, and then reduces the ratio that the mass flow body accounted for in the weight of battery, improves the energy density of battery.

Description

Novel lithium ion battery

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a lithium ion battery prepares technical field, in particular to novel lithium ion battery.

Background

At present, new energy automobiles become one of seven strategic emerging industries in China, and with the rapid development of new energy automobile research and development, lithium ion power batteries gradually become one of the most developed power batteries due to the superiority of high energy density and long cycle service life.

One of the reasons for limiting the energy density of a lithium ion battery includes the weight ratio of non-electrode active materials, i.e., the greater the weight of other materials in addition to the positive and negative electrode active materials in the specific gravity of the battery, the smaller the energy density of the lithium ion battery. In the existing lithium ion battery, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are solid metal materials, and the solid metal materials are heavy, so that the ratio of the current collectors to the weight of the battery is high, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery is further limited.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a novel lithium ion battery, the weight of the mass flow body of this battery accounts for than little, and energy density is big.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a novel lithium ion battery comprises a tubular positive current collector, wherein a negative current collector coaxial with a central axis of the positive current collector is arranged in the positive current collector, the circumferential direction and the bottom end of the negative current collector are wrapped with a first electrolyte layer, and a slurry-shaped positive active material layer is arranged between the first electrolyte layer and the positive current collector; the negative current collector and the positive current collector are made of porous foam metal, and a lithium-philic nano particle layer is loaded on the negative current collector; the outer wall and the bottom parcel of anodal mass flow body have the protective housing, the top of anodal mass flow body is provided with the butt the inner wall of protective housing reaches the insulating circle on first electrolyte layer, the top of negative pole mass flow body is provided with the butt the battery cap of insulating circle.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a negative pole mass flow body and anodal mass flow body adopt porous foam metal material, are about to negative pole mass flow body and anodal mass flow body setting and are porous foam structure for the metal of the same size, porous foam structure's negative pole mass flow body and anodal mass flow body's specific surface area are bigger, weight is lighter, and then reduce the ratio that negative pole mass flow body and anodal mass flow body account for in the weight of battery, improve lithium ion battery's energy density.

Preferably, the electrolyte membrane further comprises a second electrolyte layer and a separator layer; the separator layer wraps the first electrolyte layer, and the second electrolyte layer is disposed between the separator layer and the positive electrode active material layer.

Preferably, the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer are liquid electrolytes.

Preferably, the first electrolyte layer is a solid electrolyte.

Preferably, the top edge of the protective shell is bent inwards, the edge of the insulating ring extends towards the top edge of the protective shell along the inner wall of the protective shell, and the edge of the battery cap is clamped in the top edge of the protective shell through the insulating ring.

Preferably, the battery cap is provided with a hollow bulge, the top end of the negative current collector is clamped in the bulge, and the first electrolyte layer extends to the battery cap and between the inner walls of the bulge.

Preferably, the negative electrode current collector has a cylindrical shape.

Drawings

The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another internal structure of the present invention;

in the figure:

1. a battery cap; 2. a protective shell; 3. an insulating ring; 4. a positive current collector; 5. a positive electrode active material layer; 6. a first electrolyte layer; 7. a negative current collector; 8. a second electrolyte layer; 9. a membrane layer.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are presented herein only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and not to limit the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, a novel lithium ion battery includes a tubular positive current collector 4, a negative current collector 7 coaxial with a central axis of the positive current collector 4 is disposed in the positive current collector 4, a first electrolyte layer 6 is wrapped around and at a bottom end of the negative current collector 7, and a slurry-like positive active material layer 5 is disposed between the first electrolyte layer 6 and the positive current collector 4; the negative current collector 7 and the positive current collector 4 are made of porous foam metal, and a lithium-philic nano particle layer is loaded on the negative current collector 7; the outer wall and the bottom parcel of anodal mass flow body 4 have protective housing 2, the top of anodal mass flow body 4 is provided with the butt the inner wall of protective housing 2 reaches insulating collar 3 of first electrolyte layer 6, the top of the negative pole mass flow body 7 is provided with the butt battery cap 1 of insulating collar 3.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a negative pole mass flow body 7 and anodal mass flow body 4 adopt porous foam metal material, be about to set up negative pole mass flow body 7 and anodal mass flow body 4 and be porous foam structure for the metal of same size, porous foam structure's negative pole mass flow body 7 and anodal mass flow body 4's specific surface area is bigger, weight is lighter, and then reduces the ratio that negative pole mass flow body 7 and anodal mass flow body 4 account for in the weight of battery, improves lithium ion battery's energy density; the specific surface areas of the negative current collector 7 and the positive current collector 4 are increased due to the porous foam structure, and the slurry-shaped positive active material is embedded into each hole of the positive current collector 4 due to the fluidity of the slurry-shaped positive active material, so that the contact area between the positive active material and the positive current collector 4 is increased, the utilization rate of the positive active material is improved, the electrochemical reaction of the positive active material is promoted, the conductivity of an electrode is enhanced, and the local current density of active substances of a battery is reduced; furthermore, the lithium-philic nano-particle layer loaded on the negative current collector 7 enables the negative current collector 7 with a porous foam structure to inwardly induce and deposit lithium ions, so that the lithium ions are more uniformly distributed, and then the growth of lithium dendrites in the charging and discharging processes of the battery is effectively inhibited, thereby prolonging the cycle life and improving the safety and stability of the battery.

In this embodiment, the material of the lithium-philic nanoparticles includes any one of gold, silver, zinc, tin, and aluminum. The slurry-like active material is a slurry-like active material commonly used in semi-solid lithium slurry batteries in the prior art, and the materials and components thereof are not claimed in the present application.

In this embodiment, the positive active material layer 4 includes one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite alkyne, and conductive carbon black. The positive active material is doped with materials such as carbon nanotubes, and the like, so that the conductivity of the positive active material can be improved due to the good conductivity of the materials such as the carbon nanotubes, and the consumption of the current collector can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the first electrolyte layer 6 is a solid electrolyte.

In the current commercialization battery, positive pole active material is the stoving after the coating, and there is the unidentifiable unevenness hilly of naked eye or naked eye unidentifiable in the surface of general solid, when fixed surface and solid surface contact, because the effect of hilly for incompletely paste tightly between fixed surface and the solid surface, cause the interface impedance increase of contact surface. The utility model discloses set positive active material to the thick liquids form for the contact of positive active material and electrolyte still keeps into solid and semi-solid state's contact state, and the positive active material of thick liquids form utilizes the good characteristics of liquid pliability, and when making positive active material and solid electrolyte contact, positive active material pastes each position of tight solid electrolyte, so that the interfacial resistance between the two reduces, and lithium ion's conductivity improves. The positive active material is set to be in a slurry state, so that not only can the stable contact between the positive active material and the solid electrolyte be maintained, but also the superiority of using the solid electrolyte can be maintained, and the energy density and the excellent safety of the lithium battery can be ensured.

As shown in fig. 1, the top edge of the protective case 2 in this embodiment is bent inward, the edge of the insulating ring 3 extends along the inner wall of the protective case 2 to the top edge thereof, and the edge of the battery cap 1 is snapped into the top edge of the protective case 2 through the insulating ring 3;

in this embodiment, be provided with a hollow arch in inside on the battery cap 1, the top joint of the mass flow body of negative pole 7 is in the arch, first electrolyte layer 6 extends to battery cap 1 with between the bellied inner wall.

In this embodiment, the separator layer 9 conducts only ions of the first electrolyte layer 6.

In this embodiment, the negative current collector 7 is cylindrical.

The cylindrical negative current collector 7 is arranged at the central position of the battery, and is sequentially provided with the positive active material layer 5 and the positive current collector 4 radially outwards, and the solid electrolyte is arranged between the negative current collector 7 and the positive active material layer 5 for mutual isolation. In this embodiment, the negative current collector 7 is a metal pillar, specifically a copper pillar or a nickel pillar.

In the present embodiment, the first electrolyte layer 6 may use one or more of PEO-based, polyester-based, PVDF-based, SN-based, LLZO, LGPS, Li3PO4, LPON, LSPO, and other solid electrolytes.

In the present embodiment, the battery positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector 4 and a slurry-like positive electrode active material layer 5. The positive electrode current collector 4 may be any one of an aluminum mesh, a titanium mesh, a stainless steel mesh, and the like, and the positive electrode active material layer 5 may be made of a material containing no lithium element, such as sulfur, manganese dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, and the like, or a material containing a lithium element, such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese, and the like. When the lithium element-free cathode active material layer 5 is used, a corresponding lithium metal cathode material may be deposited on the cathode current collector 7 material.

In addition, the stainless steel protective case 2 in this embodiment may be an aluminum case, a stainless steel case, or the like, the battery cap 1 is a stainless steel sheet, and the battery cap 1 and the stainless steel protective case 2 jointly play a role in protecting and supporting the battery. The insulating ring 3 is tilted upwards and extends to the position where the battery cap 1 and the stainless steel protective shell 2 are connected in a crimping mode, so that the battery cap 1 serving as a negative electrode and the stainless steel protective shell 2 serving as a positive electrode are isolated from each other.

Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the novel lithium ion battery of the embodiment is as follows:

firstly, placing a positive current collector 4 in a stainless steel protective shell 2 of a battery, and then placing an insulating ring 3 on the top of the positive current collector 4; then a first electrolyte layer 6 is used for wrapping a columnar negative current collector 7, penetrates through the center hole of the insulating ring 3 and is inserted into the positive center of the battery; injecting a slurry-like positive active material layer 5 between the positive current collector 4 and the first electrolyte layer 6 through the insulating ring 3; the battery cap 1 is buckled at the top of the negative current collector 7, the solid electrolyte and the battery cap 1 are tightly pressed by the stainless steel protective shell 2 of the battery, and the battery cap 1 and the stainless steel protective shell are mutually isolated by the insulating ring 3.

The utility model discloses technical scheme adopts the positive active material of thick liquids form for prior art's copper foil, aluminium foil mass flow body, can use relatively thin copper foil and aluminium foil mass flow body, when reducing the battery cell cost, reduces the proportion of positive negative pole mass flow body 7, improves battery cell's energy density.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that it further includes a second electrolyte layer 8 and a separator layer 9; the separator layer 9 surrounds the first electrolyte layer 6, and the second electrolyte layer 8 is disposed between the separator layer 9 and the positive electrode active material layer 5.

In this embodiment, the first electrolyte layer 6 and the second electrolyte layer 8 are liquid electrolytes.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications and variations of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims and the equivalent technology if they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a tubular positive current collector, wherein a negative current collector coaxial with a central axis of the positive current collector is arranged in the positive current collector, the circumferential direction and the bottom end of the negative current collector are wrapped with a first electrolyte layer, and a slurry-shaped positive active material layer is arranged between the first electrolyte layer and the positive current collector;

the negative current collector and the positive current collector are made of porous foam metal, and a lithium-philic nano particle layer is arranged on the negative current collector;

the outer wall and the bottom parcel of anodal mass flow body have the protective housing, the top of anodal mass flow body is provided with the butt the inner wall of protective housing reaches the insulating circle on first electrolyte layer, the top of negative pole mass flow body is provided with the butt the battery cap of insulating circle.

2. The novel lithium ion battery of claim 1, further comprising a second electrolyte layer and a separator layer; the separator layer wraps the first electrolyte layer, and the second electrolyte layer is disposed between the separator layer and the positive electrode active material layer.

3. The novel lithium ion battery of claim 2, wherein the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer are liquid electrolytes.

4. The novel lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the first electrolyte layer is a solid electrolyte.

5. The novel lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the top edge of the protective shell is bent inward, the edge of the insulating ring extends along the inner wall of the protective shell to the top edge thereof, and the edge of the battery cap is clamped in the top edge of the protective shell through the insulating ring.

6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the battery cap is provided with a protrusion with a hollow interior, the top end of the negative current collector is clamped in the protrusion, and the first electrolyte layer extends between the battery cap and the inner wall of the protrusion.

7. The novel lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the negative current collector is cylindrical.