CN210234606U - Electric automobile thermal management system - Google Patents
Electric automobile thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210234606U CN210234606U CN201920781500.1U CN201920781500U CN210234606U CN 210234606 U CN210234606 U CN 210234606U CN 201920781500 U CN201920781500 U CN 201920781500U CN 210234606 U CN210234606 U CN 210234606U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model provides electric automobile thermal management system, include: the system comprises a heat pump circulating unit, an air conditioner air control unit and a power part temperature control unit; the air-conditioning wind control unit comprises an evaporator and a cooler which are arranged in an air duct, and the power part temperature control unit comprises a power part cooling device and a circulating pump so as to control the air-conditioning wind control unit to be in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state and control the power part temperature control unit to be in a refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state. The embodiment of the utility model provides an improved current electric automobile thermal management system's comprehensive properties and energy utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of automotive technology, especially, relate to an electric automobile thermal management system.
Background
The heat management system of the electric automobile generally comprises functions of an automobile indoor air conditioner, power part temperature control, heat exchanger defrosting, dehumidification and the like, is an important guarantee for safety, high efficiency and comfort of automobile driving, is an auxiliary system with the largest energy consumption of a new energy automobile, and becomes a key technology for industrial development of the new energy automobile. At present, based on the maneuverability of automobile driving, the environmental climate conditions of the automobile are complex and changeable, so that how to ensure high efficiency and energy conservation under the whole climate conditions and the adaptability of a wide temperature area becomes a difficult point of the automobile heat management technology.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides an electric automobile thermal management system to solve the relatively poor and higher problem of energy consumption of current electric automobile thermal management system matching nature under complicated weather condition, in order to realize improving energy utilization, improve automobile thermal management system's comprehensive properties.
The embodiment of the utility model provides electric automobile thermal management system, electric automobile thermal management system includes:
the system comprises a heat pump circulating unit, an air conditioner air control unit and a power part temperature control unit; the air conditioner air control unit comprises an evaporator and a cooler which are arranged in an air duct, and the power part temperature control unit comprises a power part cooling device and a circulating pump; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first gas-liquid separator is characterized in that a first gas-liquid port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a gas inlet of the compressor, an exhaust port of the compressor is connected with a second gas-liquid port of the gas-liquid separator sequentially through a first valve, the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a first flow channel of a first switching valve, a first flow channel of a second switching valve, a gas inlet of the ejector and a gas outlet, a second flow channel of the first switching valve is connected with an injection port of the ejector, and the exhaust port of the compressor is connected with the gas inlet of the ejector sequentially through a second valve, a cooler and a second flow channel of the second switching valve;
a liquid passage port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the external heat exchanger through a first flow passage of a third switching valve and is connected with an injection port of the ejector through a second flow passage of the third switching valve, the evaporator and a third valve;
an air outlet of the power component cooling device is connected with an air inlet of the built-in heat exchanger through a circulating pump and a fourth valve in sequence, and an air outlet of the built-in heat exchanger is connected with an air inlet of the power component cooling device through a fifth valve; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and controlling the air-conditioning air control unit to be in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state and controlling the power part temperature control unit to be in a refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state by adjusting the switching states of the first valve to the fifth valve and the opening states of different flow passages of the first switching valve to the third switching valve.
Optionally, when the first valve and the third valve are in an open state, the second valve is in a closed state, the first flow passage of the first switching valve, the first flow passage of the second switching valve and the second flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state, the air-conditioning air control unit is in a refrigeration cycle state; in the refrigeration cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator pass through the compressor and the external heat exchanger and then enter the air inlet of the ejector, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator flow through the evaporator, the evaporator cools air conditioning air, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator enter the ejection port of the ejector, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and then outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
Optionally, when the first valve and the third valve are in a closed state, the second valve is in an open state, the second flow passage of the first switching valve, the second flow passage of the second switching valve and the first flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state, the air conditioning air control unit is in a heating circulation state; in the heating circulation state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator enter the cooler after passing through the compressor, the gaseous working media output from the cooler enter the air inlet of the ejector after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator absorb heat and evaporate through the external heat exchanger, gaseous working media output from the external heat exchanger enter the ejector through the ejection port, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
Optionally, when the first valve is in a closed state, the second valve and the third valve are in an open state, and the second flow passage of the second switching valve and the second flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state, the air conditioning air control unit is in a dehumidification cycle state; in the dehumidification cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator enter the cooler through the compressor, after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler, the gaseous working media output from the cooler enter the air inlet of the ejector, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator pass through the evaporator, after the air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator enter the ejection port of the ejector, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
Optionally, when the first valve, the second valve and the third valve are all in an open state, the first flow passage of the first switching valve, the first flow passage of the second switching valve and the second flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state, the air-conditioning air control unit is in a defrosting cycle state; in the defrosting cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator pass through the compressor and the external heat exchanger and then enter the air inlet of the ejector, and pass through the compressor and then enter the cooler, after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler, the gaseous working media output from the cooler enter the air inlet of the ejector, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator flow through the evaporator, after the air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator enter the ejection port of the ejector, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and then outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
Optionally, when the fourth valve and the fifth valve are in an open state, the power component temperature control unit is in a refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state; in the refrigeration and heat dissipation circulation state, the circulating pump absorbs heat of the power component and outputs the heat to the built-in heat exchanger, and the built-in heat exchanger cools and reduces the temperature of the heat output by the circulating pump through the liquid working medium in the gas-liquid separator.
Optionally, the air conditioning wind control unit further comprises a fan arranged in the air duct, a fresh air and return air regulating valve and a direction regulating air valve for regulating the wind direction in the air duct; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a refrigeration cycle state, the flow channel of the cooler is closed through the direction regulating wind valve, wind power output by the fan is mixed with return wind in the air channel through the fresh return wind regulating valve to form mixed wind, and the mixed wind is cooled through the evaporator to form cold air conditioning wind;
when the air-conditioning air control unit is in a heating circulation state, a flow channel of the cooler is opened through the direction-adjusting air valve, the wind power output by the fan is mixed with the return air in the air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve to form mixed air, the mixed air enters the cooler through the evaporator, and the mixed air is heated by the cooler to form hot air-conditioning air;
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a dehumidification cycle state, a flow channel of the cooler is opened through the direction regulating air valve, wind power output by a fan is mixed with return air in an air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve to form mixed air, the mixed air is cooled and dehumidified through the evaporator, and the dehumidified mixed air is heated through the cooler to form dehumidified air conditioning air;
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a defrosting circulation state, a flow channel of the cooler is opened through the direction-adjusting wind valve, wind power output by the fan is mixed with return air in the air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve to form mixed air, the mixed air is cooled through the evaporator, and the cooled mixed air is heated through the cooler to form defrosting air conditioning air.
Optionally, the heat pump cycle unit further comprises a regenerator, wherein the first flow path of the second switching valve is connected to the gas supply port of the compressor through a low temperature side channel of the regenerator, and the first flow path of the second switching valve is connected to the gas inlet port of the ejector through a high temperature side channel of the regenerator.
Optionally, the power component temperature control unit further comprises a positive temperature coefficient PTC heater and a front radiator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an air outlet of the power component cooling device is connected with an air inlet of the power component cooling device sequentially through the circulating pump, the PTC heater, the sixth valve, the preposed radiator and the seventh valve to form a natural heat dissipation circulation of the power component;
and the air outlet of the power component cooling device is connected with the air inlet of the power component cooling device through the circulating pump, the PTC heater and the eighth valve in sequence to form a power component preheating circulation.
Optionally, the heat pump cycle unit further includes a fan, wherein the front radiator is disposed adjacent to the exterior heat exchanger, and the fan is disposed above the front radiator and the exterior heat exchanger.
The electric automobile heat management system provided by the embodiment of the utility model comprises a heat pump circulation unit, an air conditioner wind control unit and a power component temperature control unit, and the air-conditioning wind control unit can be controlled to be in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state by adjusting the opening and closing states of the valve and the opening states of different channels of the switching valve, and controls the temperature control unit of the power component to be in a refrigeration and heat dissipation circulation state, realizes the combination of the refrigeration, heating, dehumidification, defrosting and the temperature control of the power component in the automobile, and realizes the reduction of system throttling loss through the injection pressurization effect of the ejector, and the cooling and preheating recovery of power components such as batteries and the like are carried out through a built-in heat exchanger in the gas-liquid separator, therefore, the comprehensive performance of the thermal management system of the electric automobile is improved, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a working medium flow diagram of the air conditioning air control unit in the embodiment of the present invention when in the refrigeration cycle state;
FIG. 4 is a working medium flow diagram of the air conditioning air control unit in the embodiment of the present invention when in the heating cycle state;
FIG. 5 is a working medium flow diagram of the air conditioning air control unit in the embodiment of the present invention when in the dehumidification cycle state;
FIG. 6 is a working medium flow diagram of the air conditioning air control unit in the embodiment of the present invention when in the defrosting cycle state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the circulation flow of the heat pump air conditioning system of the prior electric vehicle on a pressure-enthalpy diagram;
fig. 8 is a schematic cycle flow diagram of the thermal management system of the electric vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention on the pressure-enthalpy diagram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, for the module block diagram of the thermal management system of the electric vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal management system of the electric vehicle includes:
the system comprises a heat pump circulating unit, an air conditioner air control unit and a power part temperature control unit; the air conditioner air control unit comprises an evaporator 5 and a cooler 6 which are arranged in an air duct, and the power part temperature control unit comprises a power part cooling device 7 and a circulating pump 8; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a first gas channel opening of the gas-liquid separator 4 is connected with a gas inlet of the compressor 1, a gas outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with a second gas channel opening of the gas-liquid separator 4 sequentially through a first valve 101, the heat exchanger 2 outside the vehicle, a first flow channel of a first switching valve 102, a first flow channel of a second switching valve 103, a gas inlet and a gas outlet of the ejector 3, a second flow channel of the first switching valve 102 is connected with an injection port of the ejector 3, and a gas outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with a gas inlet of the ejector 3 sequentially through a second valve 104, the cooler 6 and a second flow channel of the second switching valve 103;
a liquid passage port of the gas-liquid separator 4 is connected with the exterior heat exchanger 2 through a first passage of a third switching valve 105, and is connected with an injection port of the ejector 3 through a second passage of the third switching valve 105, the evaporator 5 and a third valve 106;
an air outlet of the power component cooling device 7 is connected with an air inlet of the built-in heat exchanger 41 sequentially through a circulating pump 8 and a fourth valve 107, and an air outlet of the built-in heat exchanger 41 is connected with an air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 through a fifth valve 108; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the air conditioning air control unit is controlled to be in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state and the power part temperature control unit is controlled to be in a refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state by adjusting the switching states of the first valve to the fifth valve and the opening states of different flow passages of the first switching valve to the third switching valve, namely by adjusting the switching states of the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve and the opening states of different flow passages of the first switching valve, the second switching valve and the third switching valve.
Thus, in the embodiment, the heat pump cycle unit, the air-conditioning air control unit and the power component temperature control unit are combined into the electric vehicle thermal management system, the ejector and the gas-liquid separator are arranged in the heat pump cycle unit, and the built-in heat exchanger is arranged in the gas-liquid separator, so that the air-conditioning air control unit can be in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state when the on-off states of the first valve to the fifth valve and the opening states of different flow passages of the first switching valve to the third switching valve are adjusted through the connection relationship, the power component temperature control unit is controlled to be in the refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state, the combination of indoor refrigeration, heating, dehumidification, defrosting and power component temperature control of the vehicle is realized, the throttling loss is reduced by ejecting pressurization through the ejector, and the cooling and preheating recovery of the power components such as batteries are performed through the built-in the gas-liquid separator, therefore, the comprehensive performance of the thermal management system of the electric automobile is improved, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of the thermal management system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. Referring to fig. 2, the air conditioning wind control unit further includes a fan 9 disposed in the air duct, a fresh air and return air regulating valve 10, and a direction regulating air valve 11 for regulating the wind direction in the air duct; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a refrigeration cycle state, the flow channel of the cooler 6 is closed through the direction regulating air valve 11, the wind power output by the fan 9 is mixed with the return air in the air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve 10 to form mixed air, and the mixed air is cooled through the evaporator 5 to form cold air conditioning wind;
when the air-conditioning air control unit is in a heating circulation state, a flow channel of the cooler 6 is opened through the direction-adjusting air valve 11, the wind power output by the fan 9 is mixed with the return air in the air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve 10 to form mixed air, the mixed air enters the cooler 6 through the evaporator 5, and the mixed air is heated by the cooler 6 to form hot air-conditioning air;
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a dehumidification cycle state, a flow channel of the cooler 6 is opened through the direction-adjusting air valve 11, wind power output by the fan 9 is mixed with return air in an air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve 10 to form mixed air, the mixed air is cooled and dehumidified through the evaporator 5, and the dehumidified mixed air is heated through the cooler 6 to form dehumidified air conditioning air;
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a defrosting circulation state, a flow channel of the cooler 6 is opened through the direction-adjusting air valve 11, the wind power output by the fan 9 and the return air in the air channel are mixed through the fresh return air regulating valve 10 to form mixed air, the mixed air is cooled through the evaporator 5, and the cooled mixed air is heated through the cooler 6 to form defrosting air conditioning air.
Further, specifically, with continued reference to fig. 2, the heat pump cycle unit further includes a regenerator 12, wherein the first flow path of the second switching valve 103 is connected to the supplementary gas port of the compressor 1 through a low temperature side passage of the regenerator 12, and the first flow path of the second switching valve 103 is connected to the gas inlet of the ejector 3 through a high temperature side passage of the regenerator 12.
Therefore, the heat regenerator is arranged in the heat pump cycle unit, so that the supercooling working medium and the overheating working medium in the heat pump cycle unit can exchange heat, and the working medium with the temperature required by the system is obtained. In addition, through the setting compressor that has the tonifying qi mouth, and the first runner of second diverter valve passes through the low temperature side passageway of regenerator and is connected with the tonifying qi mouth of compressor for can improve compressor refrigerant flow through the setting of system tonifying qi branch road, reduce the exhaust temperature of compressor, and the corresponding superheat degree of breathing in that improves, thereby improve the refrigeration and the heating performance of system.
Further, specifically, in order to control the flow rate of the working medium flowing through the low-temperature side passage of the regenerator 12 from the first flow passage of the second switching valve 103, an expansion valve F3 may be provided between the first flow passage of the second switching valve 103 and the low-temperature side passage of the regenerator 12, so that the flow rate of the working medium flowing from the first flow passage of the second switching valve 103 to the low-temperature side passage of the regenerator 12 can be controlled by the opening degree of the expansion valve F3, thereby controlling the flow rate of the working medium entering the charge port of the gas-liquid separator 4.
Of course, an expansion valve F1 may also be provided between the first flow path of the third switching valve 105 and the exterior heat exchanger 2 to control the flow rate of the working medium input into the exterior heat exchanger 2; and an expansion valve F2 may be provided between the second flow path of the third switching valve 105 and the evaporator 5 to achieve control of the flow rate of the working medium inputted into the evaporator 5.
In addition, it should be noted that the working medium in the system may be the conventional refrigeration working medium, and may also be an environment-friendly working medium such as carbon dioxide.
In addition, with particular continued reference to fig. 2, the power component temperature control unit further includes a positive temperature coefficient PTC heater 13 and a front radiator 14; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an air outlet of the power component cooling device 7 is connected with an air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 sequentially through the circulating pump 8, the PTC heater 13, the sixth valve 109, the front radiator 14 and the seventh valve 110 to form a natural heat dissipation circulation of the power component; namely, the air outlet of the power component cooling device 7, the circulating pump 8, the PTC heater 13, the sixth valve 109 and the air inlet of the front radiator 14 are sequentially connected, and the air outlet of the front radiator 14 and the air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 form a natural heat dissipation cycle of the power component through the seventh valve 110.
And the air outlet 7 of the power component cooling device is connected with the air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 sequentially through the circulating pump 8, the PTC heater 13 and the eighth valve 111 to form a power component preheating circulation.
Therefore, the PTC heater and the front radiator are arranged in the power component temperature control unit, so that the power component temperature control unit can realize the functions of preheating and self-heating heat dissipation of the power component, and the comprehensive performance of the electric automobile heat management system is further improved.
Of course, in this embodiment, the heat pump cycle unit may further include a fan 15, wherein the front radiator 14 is disposed adjacent to the exterior heat exchanger 2, and the fan 15 is disposed above the front radiator 14 and the exterior heat exchanger 2. In this way, the front radiator 14 and the exterior heat exchanger 2 share one fan, so that the heat radiation efficiency of the front radiator and the heat exchange efficiency of the exterior heat exchanger are improved while the number of components is reduced.
The following describes a specific principle that the air-conditioning air control unit is in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state, and the power component temperature control unit is in a refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state, with reference to a specific schematic diagram.
First, a specific case when the air conditioning air control unit is in the refrigeration cycle state will be described below.
Referring specifically to fig. 2 and the working medium flow diagrams of the air conditioning air control unit shown in fig. 3, when the first valve 101 and the third valve 106 are in an open state, the second valve 104 is in a closed state, the first flow channel of the first switching valve 102 (refer to the flow channel between ab in 102 in fig. 3), the first flow channel of the second switching valve 103 (refer to the flow channel between ab in 103 in fig. 3), and the second flow channel of the third switching valve 105 (refer to the flow channel between cb in 105) are in an open state, the air conditioning air control unit is in a cooling cycle state; in the refrigeration cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator 4 pass through the compressor 1 and the external heat exchanger 2 and then enter the air inlet of the ejector 3, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator 4 flow through the evaporator 5, air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator 5, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator 5 enter the injection port of the ejector 3, and the ejector 3 mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the injection port and then outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator 4.
Specifically, referring to the working fluid flow diagram in fig. 3 (the direction of the arrow is the working fluid flow direction), in the refrigeration cycle state, the first valve 101 and the third valve 106 are opened, the second valve 104 is closed, the flow passage between ab of the first switching valve 102, the flow passage between ab of the second switching valve 103, and the flow passage between cb of the third switching valve 105 are communicated. At the moment, the working medium is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the compressor 1, flows through the first valve 101, enters the heat exchanger 2 outside the vehicle, is cooled and released heat, and is divided into two paths through the ab flow channel of the first switching valve 102 and the second switching valve 103; the branch working medium is cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F3 and then enters a low-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, the main working medium directly enters a high-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, the two working media exchange heat, the branch working medium is heated and evaporated and then is supplemented into the compressor from a gas supplementing port of the compressor 1, the main working medium is further cooled and then enters a gas inlet of the ejector 3 to be used as a primary flow and an injection flow for mixing and pressurization and then enters a gas-liquid separator 4, cooling liquid of a power component cooling system such as a battery is cooled in the gas-liquid separator 4 and is divided into a gaseous working medium and a liquid working medium; the gaseous working medium in the gas-liquid separator 4 directly returns to the air inlet of the compressor 1, the liquid working medium passes through a bc flow channel of the third switching valve 105, is cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F2, enters the evaporator 5 to cool the air conditioning air, is evaporated into gas, is injected by the ejector 3 through the third valve 106, and is mixed with the primary flow to form a refrigeration cycle.
Therefore, through the arrangement of the system air supplement branch, the flow of the refrigerant of the compressor is improved, the exhaust temperature of the compressor is reduced, and the suction superheat degree is correspondingly improved, so that the refrigeration and heating performances of the system are improved; in addition, the throttling loss of the high-pressure gas is recovered through the ejector, the pressure of the air inlet of the compressor is improved, the compression energy consumption is reduced, and the energy conservation of the system is realized.
At this time, specifically, a direction-adjusting air valve 11 in the air-conditioning air control unit closes a flow passage of the cooler 6 in the air duct a, and under the action of the fan 9, fresh air and return air are mixed by a fresh air and return air regulating valve 10, cooled by the evaporator 5 in the air duct a, and then sent into the automobile room through an air duct at the side of the cooler 6 in the air duct a, a face-blowing air port, a foot-blowing air port or a windshield antifogging air port and the like after being cooled.
Second, a specific case when the air conditioning air control unit is in the heating cycle state will be described below.
Referring specifically to fig. 2 and 4, the air conditioning air control unit is in a heating cycle state, and in this case, when the first valve 101 and the third valve 106 are in a closed state, the second valve 104 is in an open state, the second flow channel of the first switching valve 102 (referred to as the ac flow channel of 102 in fig. 4), the second flow channel of the second switching valve 103 (referred to as the cb flow channel of 103 in fig. 4), and the first flow channel of the third switching valve 105 (referred to as the ca flow channel of 105 in fig. 4) are in an open state, the air conditioning air control unit is in a heating cycle state; in the heating circulation state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator 4 pass through the compressor 1 and then enter the cooler 6, the cooler 6 heats air conditioning air, the gaseous working media output from the cooler 6 enter the air inlet of the ejector 3, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator 4 absorb heat and evaporate through the external heat exchanger 2, the gaseous working media output from the external heat exchanger 2 enter the ejector 3 through the ejection port, and the ejector 3 mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and then outputs the mixture to the gas-liquid separator 4.
Specifically, referring to the working fluid flow diagram in fig. 4 (the direction of the arrow is the working fluid flow direction), in the heating cycle state, the first valve and the third valve are closed (not shown), the second valve 104 is opened, the ac flow channel of the first switching valve 102, the cb flow channel of the second switching valve 103, and the ca flow channel of the third switching valve 105 are connected. At the moment, the working medium is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the compressor 1, flows through the second valve 104, enters the cooler 6 to heat air-conditioning air in the vehicle, is cooled and cooled, passes through a cb flow channel of the second switching valve 103, and is divided into two paths; branch working media are cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F3 and then enter a low-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, main working media directly enter a high-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, the two working media exchange heat, the branch working media are heated and evaporated and then fed into the compressor from an air supplement port of the compressor 1, the main working media further cool and then enter an air inlet of the ejector 3 to be used as primary flow and ejection flow for mixing and pressurization and then enter a gas-liquid separator 4, and the primary flow and the ejection flow are heated by heat of power components such as batteries and the like in the gas-liquid separator 4 to realize waste heat recovery and then are divided into gaseous working media and liquid; the gaseous working medium directly returns to the air inlet of the compressor 1, the liquid working medium passes through a ca flow channel of the third switching valve 105, is cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F1, enters the external heat exchanger 2 to absorb heat from external air and is evaporated into gas, passes through an ac flow channel of the first switching valve 102, is injected by the ejector 3 and then is mixed with the primary flow to form a heating cycle.
At this time, specifically, a flow channel of the cooler 6 in the air duct a is opened by a direction-adjusting air valve 11 in the air-conditioning air control unit, and under the action of a fan 9, fresh air and return air are mixed by a fresh air and return air regulating valve 10, pass through the evaporator 5 in the air duct a, are heated by the cooler 6 in the air duct a, and are then sent into the automobile room through a face-blowing air port, a foot-blowing air port or a windshield antifogging air port.
Third, a specific case when the air conditioning air control unit is in the dehumidification cycle state will be described below.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the working medium flow diagrams of the air conditioning air control unit in the dehumidification cycle state are shown, at this time, when the first valve 101 is in the closed state, the second valve 104 and the third valve 106 are in the open state, the second flow channel (referred to as cb flow channel in fig. 5) of the second switching valve 103 and the second flow channel (referred to as cb flow channel in fig. 5) of the third switching valve 105 are in the open state, the air conditioning air control unit is in the dehumidification cycle state; in the dehumidification cycle state, the gaseous working medium in the gas-liquid separator 4 enters the cooler 6 through the compressor 1, after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler 6, the gaseous working medium output from the cooler 6 enters the air inlet of the ejector 3, the liquid working medium in the gas-liquid separator 4 passes through the evaporator 5, after the air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator 5, the gaseous working medium output from the evaporator 5 enters the ejection opening of the ejector 3, and the ejector 3 mixes the gaseous working medium entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working medium entering from the ejection opening and outputs the mixed gaseous working medium to the gas-liquid separator 4.
Specifically, referring to the working fluid flow diagram in fig. 5 (the direction of the arrow is the working fluid flow direction), in the dehumidification cycle state, the first valve 101 is closed (not shown in the figure), the second valve 104 and the third valve 106 are opened, and the second flow channel (referred to as cb flow channel in fig. 5) of the second switching valve 103 and the second flow channel (referred to as cb flow channel in fig. 5) of the third switching valve 105 are communicated. At the moment, the working medium is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the compressor 1, flows through the second valve 104, enters the cooler 6 to heat air-conditioning air in the vehicle, is cooled and cooled, passes through a cb flow channel of the second switching valve 103, and is divided into two paths; branch working media are cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F3 and then enter a low-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, main working media directly enter a high-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, the two working media exchange heat, the branch working media are heated and evaporated and then fed into the compressor from an air supply port of the compressor 1, the main working media further cool and then enter an air inlet of the ejector 3 to be used as primary flow and ejection flow for mixing and pressurization and then enter a gas-liquid separator 4, and cooling liquid of a power component heat dissipation system such as a battery is cooled (if necessary) in the gas-liquid separator 4 and divided into gaseous working media and liquid working media; the gaseous working medium directly returns to the air inlet of the compressor 1, the liquid working medium flows through the cb flow channel of the third switching valve 105, is cooled and depressurized by the expansion valve F2, enters the evaporator 5 to cool the air conditioning air in the vehicle, and is injected by the injector 3 to be mixed with the primary flow to form a dehumidification cycle after being evaporated into gas.
At this time, specifically, a flow channel of the cooler 6 in the air duct a is opened by a direction-adjusting air valve 11 in the air-conditioning air control unit, and under the action of a fan 9, fresh air and return air are mixed by a fresh air and return air regulating valve 10, cooled and dehumidified by the evaporator 5 in the air duct a, heated by the cooler 6 in the air duct a, and then sent into the automobile room through a face-blowing air port, a foot-blowing air port or a windshield anti-fog air port.
Fourthly, a specific case when the air conditioning air control unit is in the defrosting cycle state will be described below.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 and the working medium flow diagrams of the air conditioning air control unit shown in fig. 6 when the air conditioning air control unit is in the defrosting cycle state, when the first valve 101, the second valve 104, and the third valve 106 are all in the open state, and the first flow channel of the first switching valve 102 (refer to the ab flow channel of 102 in fig. 6), the first flow channel of the second switching valve 103 (refer to the ab flow channel of 103 in fig. 6), and the second flow channel of the third switching valve 105 (refer to the cb flow channel of 105 in fig. 6) are in the open state, the air conditioning air control unit is in the defrosting cycle state; in the defrosting cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator 4 enter the air inlet of the ejector 3 after passing through the compressor 1 and the external heat exchanger 2, and enter the cooler 6 after passing through the compressor 1, after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler 6, the gaseous working media output from the cooler 6 enter the air inlet of the ejector 3, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator 4 flow through the evaporator 5, after the air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator 5, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator 5 enter the injection port of the ejector 3, and the ejector 3 mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the injection port and outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator 4.
Specifically, referring to the working fluid flow diagram during defrosting in fig. 6 (the direction of the arrow is the working fluid flow direction), in the defrosting cycle state, the first valve 101, the second valve 104, and the third valve 106 are opened, the ab channel of the first switching valve 102, the ab channel of the second switching valve 103, and the cb channel of the third switching valve 105 are connected. At the moment, a working medium is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas by a compressor 1, one path of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters an external heat exchanger 2 through a first valve 101 to heat frosting on the surface of the external heat exchanger 2, enters a second switching valve 103 through an ab flow channel of a first switching valve 102, enters a cooler 6 through a second valve 104 to heat air-conditioning air in the vehicle, is mixed by the second switching valve 103 and then is divided into two paths; the branch working medium is cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F3 and then enters a low-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, the main working medium directly enters a high-temperature side channel of the heat regenerator 12, two paths of working media exchange heat, the branch working medium is heated and evaporated and then is supplemented into the compressor from an air supplement port of the compressor 1, the main working medium is further cooled, enters an air inlet of the ejector 3, is mixed and pressurized as a primary flow and an ejection flow, enters the gas-liquid separator 4, cooling the cooling liquid of the heat dissipation system of the power components such as the battery and the like in the gas-liquid separator 4 (if necessary), and is divided into a gas working medium and a liquid working medium, the gas working medium directly returns to the air inlet of the compressor 1, the liquid working medium passes through the cb flow channel of the third switching valve 105, is cooled and depressurized by an expansion valve F2, enters the evaporator 5 to absorb heat from air-conditioning air in the vehicle, is injected by the ejector 3 after being evaporated into gas, and is mixed with primary flow to form a defrosting cycle.
Fifth, a specific case where the temperature control unit of the power unit is in a cooling and heat dissipation cycle state will be described below.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 or 4 in particular, when the fourth valve 107 and the fifth valve 108 are in an open state, and the sixth valve 109, the seventh valve 110 and the eighth valve 111 are closed, the air outlet of the power component cooling device 7, the circulating pump 8, the PTC heater 13, the built-in heat exchanger 41 and the air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 are connected in sequence, and the power component temperature control unit is in a cooling and heat dissipation circulating state; in the cooling and heat dissipation circulation state, the circulation pump 7 absorbs heat of the power component and outputs the heat to the built-in heat exchanger 41, and the built-in heat exchanger 41 cools and reduces the temperature of the heat output by the circulation pump 7 through the liquid working medium in the gas-liquid separator 4.
Specifically, when the fourth valve 107 and the fifth valve 108 are opened, the circulating pump 7 can drive the circulating liquid to cool the heat of the power components such as the battery through the built-in heat exchanger 41 in the gas-liquid separator 4 by using the working medium, so as to realize the active cooling circulation, i.e., the cooling circulation state. Therefore, the gas-liquid separator is internally provided with the heat exchanger to provide a cold source for heat dissipation of power components such as batteries and the like, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation capacity of the power components such as the batteries and the like can be recovered, so that the heating performance of the system is improved, and a good energy-saving effect is achieved.
Of course, specifically, when the sixth valve 109 and the seventh valve 110 are opened and the fourth valve 107, the fifth valve 108 and the eighth valve 111 are closed, the air outlet of the power component cooling device 7, the circulation pump 8, the PTC heater 13, the front radiator 14 and the air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 are sequentially connected, and the circulation pump 22 can drive the circulation fluid to cool the heat of the power components such as the battery through the front radiator 14 by using the air outside the vehicle, so as to realize the natural cold source heat dissipation circulation, that is, the natural heat dissipation circulation state.
In addition, specifically, when the eighth valve 111 is opened and the fourth valve 107, the fifth valve 108, the sixth valve 109 and the seventh valve 110 are closed, the air outlet of the power component cooling device 7, the circulating pump 8, the PTC heater 13 and the air inlet of the power component cooling device 7 are sequentially connected, and the circulating pump 22 can drive the circulating fluid to preheat the power components such as the battery through the PTC heater, that is, the power components are in a preheating circulation state; the circulating liquid does not pass through the built-in heat exchanger 41 flow channel of the pre-radiator 14 and the gas-liquid separator 4 during preheating, so that the capacity of the circulating liquid of the system during preheating is reduced, the preheating load is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved.
It should be noted that, when the air conditioning air control unit is in a cooling cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state, the power component temperature control unit may be in a cooling and heat dissipation cycle state, a natural cooling cycle state or a preheating cycle state, that is, the state of the air conditioning air control unit has no influence on the working state of the power component temperature control unit.
The effect of the present embodiment will be described below with reference to fig. 7 and 8.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cycle flow of a heat pump air conditioning system of a conventional electric vehicle on a pressure-enthalpy diagram, and fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cycle flow on a pressure-enthalpy diagram in the present embodiment. By comparing fig. 7 and fig. 8, it can be seen that the ejector 3 is arranged to recover the throttling loss from the process of 3-4 in the present embodiment, and the pressure rise of 5-6 is realized, so that the compression work 1 '-2' is reduced to 1-2; in addition, the middle air supply flow 10-11-12 is arranged in the embodiment, the supercooling degree of 10-3 is increased, the refrigerating and heating capacity of the embodiment is improved, and meanwhile, the air supply flow can reduce the exhaust temperature of the compressor, so that the possibility of improving the suction superheat degree of the compressor is provided; in addition, the gas-liquid separator in this embodiment is provided with a built-in heat exchanger, so that the separation process of the flow 6-1 is utilized during refrigeration to provide a cold source for heat dissipation of power components such as batteries and the like, and waste heat of the power components such as the batteries and the like is utilized during heating to provide heating performance of the system.
In summary, in the embodiment, by combining the heat pump cycle unit, the air conditioner air control unit and the power component temperature control unit, and by adjusting the on-off states of the first to fifth valves and the open states of the different flow passages from the first switching valve to the third switching valve, the air conditioner air control unit is controlled to be in the refrigeration cycle state, the heating cycle state, the dehumidification cycle state or the defrosting cycle state, and the power component temperature control unit is controlled to be in the refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state, so that the system throttling loss is reduced by injecting and pressurizing through the injector, the exhaust temperature is reduced by the air supplement compressor to increase the suction superheat degree, and the heat exchanger is arranged in the gas-liquid separator to cool and recover the waste heat of the power components such as the battery, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of the electric vehicle thermal management system, increase the energy utilization rate, and enable the electric vehicle to, the automobile air conditioner has good refrigerating performance in the external environment of a high-temperature automobile and good performance in the high-humidity environment, and ensures the indoor comfort of the electric automobile.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (10)
1. An electric vehicle thermal management system, comprising:
the system comprises a heat pump circulating unit, an air conditioner air control unit and a power part temperature control unit; the air conditioner air control unit comprises an evaporator and a cooler which are arranged in an air duct, and the power part temperature control unit comprises a power part cooling device and a circulating pump; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first gas-liquid separator is characterized in that a first gas-liquid port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a gas inlet of the compressor, an exhaust port of the compressor is connected with a second gas-liquid port of the gas-liquid separator sequentially through a first valve, the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, a first flow channel of a first switching valve, a first flow channel of a second switching valve, a gas inlet of the ejector and a gas outlet, a second flow channel of the first switching valve is connected with an injection port of the ejector, and the exhaust port of the compressor is connected with the gas inlet of the ejector sequentially through a second valve, a cooler and a second flow channel of the second switching valve;
a liquid passage port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the external heat exchanger through a first flow passage of a third switching valve and is connected with an injection port of the ejector through a second flow passage of the third switching valve, the evaporator and a third valve;
an air outlet of the power component cooling device is connected with an air inlet of the built-in heat exchanger through a circulating pump and a fourth valve in sequence, and an air outlet of the built-in heat exchanger is connected with an air inlet of the power component cooling device through a fifth valve; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and controlling the air-conditioning air control unit to be in a refrigeration cycle state, a heating cycle state, a dehumidification cycle state or a defrosting cycle state and controlling the power part temperature control unit to be in a refrigeration and heat dissipation cycle state by adjusting the switching states of the first valve to the fifth valve and the opening states of different flow passages of the first switching valve to the third switching valve.
2. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning and air control unit is in a refrigeration cycle state when the first valve and the third valve are in an open state, the second valve is in a closed state, the first flow passage of the first switching valve, the first flow passage of the second switching valve, and the second flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state; in the refrigeration cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator pass through the compressor and the external heat exchanger and then enter the air inlet of the ejector, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator flow through the evaporator, the evaporator cools air conditioning air, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator enter the ejection port of the ejector, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and then outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
3. The thermal management system of the electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning fan control unit is in a heating cycle state when the first valve, the third valve are in a closed state, the second valve is in an open state, the second flow passage of the first switching valve, the second flow passage of the second switching valve, and the first flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state; in the heating circulation state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator enter the cooler after passing through the compressor, the gaseous working media output from the cooler enter the air inlet of the ejector after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator absorb heat and evaporate through the external heat exchanger, gaseous working media output from the external heat exchanger enter the ejector through the ejection port, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
4. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning air control unit is in a dehumidification cycle state when the first valve is in a closed state, the second valve and the third valve are in an open state, and the second flow passage of the second switching valve and the second flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state; in the dehumidification cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator enter the cooler through the compressor, after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler, the gaseous working media output from the cooler enter the air inlet of the ejector, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator pass through the evaporator, after the air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator enter the ejection port of the ejector, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
5. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning and air control unit is in a defrost cycle state when the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve are all in an open state, the first flow passage of the first switching valve, the first flow passage of the second switching valve, and the second flow passage of the third switching valve are in an open state; in the defrosting cycle state, gaseous working media in the gas-liquid separator pass through the compressor and the external heat exchanger and then enter the air inlet of the ejector, and pass through the compressor and then enter the cooler, after the air conditioning air is heated by the cooler, the gaseous working media output from the cooler enter the air inlet of the ejector, liquid working media in the gas-liquid separator flow through the evaporator, after the air conditioning air is cooled by the evaporator, the gaseous working media output from the evaporator enter the ejection port of the ejector, and the ejector mixes the gaseous working media entering from the air inlet and the gaseous working media entering from the ejection port and then outputs the mixed gaseous working media to the gas-liquid separator.
6. The thermal management system of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein when the fourth valve and the fifth valve are in an open state, the power component temperature control unit is in a cooling and heat dissipation cycle state; in the refrigeration and heat dissipation circulation state, the circulating pump absorbs heat of the power component and outputs the heat to the built-in heat exchanger, and the built-in heat exchanger cools and reduces the temperature of the heat output by the circulating pump through the liquid working medium in the gas-liquid separator.
7. The electric automobile thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning and air control unit further comprises a fan arranged in the air duct, a fresh air and return air regulating valve and a direction regulating air valve for regulating the air direction in the air duct; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a refrigeration cycle state, the flow channel of the cooler is closed through the direction regulating wind valve, wind power output by the fan is mixed with return wind in the air channel through the fresh return wind regulating valve to form mixed wind, and the mixed wind is cooled through the evaporator to form cold air conditioning wind;
when the air-conditioning air control unit is in a heating circulation state, a flow channel of the cooler is opened through the direction-adjusting air valve, the wind power output by the fan is mixed with the return air in the air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve to form mixed air, the mixed air enters the cooler through the evaporator, and the mixed air is heated by the cooler to form hot air-conditioning air;
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a dehumidification cycle state, a flow channel of the cooler is opened through the direction regulating air valve, wind power output by a fan is mixed with return air in an air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve to form mixed air, the mixed air is cooled and dehumidified through the evaporator, and the dehumidified mixed air is heated through the cooler to form dehumidified air conditioning air;
when the air conditioning wind control unit is in a defrosting circulation state, a flow channel of the cooler is opened through the direction-adjusting wind valve, wind power output by the fan is mixed with return air in the air channel through the fresh return air regulating valve to form mixed air, the mixed air is cooled through the evaporator, and the cooled mixed air is heated through the cooler to form defrosting air conditioning air.
8. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heat pump cycle unit further comprises a regenerator, wherein the first flow path of the second switching valve is connected to the gas supply port of the compressor through a low temperature side channel of the regenerator, and the first flow path of the second switching valve is connected to the gas supply port of the ejector through a high temperature side channel of the regenerator.
9. The thermal management system of an electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein the power component temperature control unit further comprises a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heater and a front radiator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an air outlet of the power component cooling device is connected with an air inlet of the power component cooling device sequentially through the circulating pump, the PTC heater, the sixth valve, the preposed radiator and the seventh valve to form a natural heat dissipation circulation of the power component;
and the air outlet of the power component cooling device is connected with the air inlet of the power component cooling device through the circulating pump, the PTC heater and the eighth valve in sequence to form a power component preheating circulation.
10. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 9, wherein the heat pump cycle unit further comprises a fan, wherein the front radiator is disposed adjacent to the exterior heat exchanger, and the fan is disposed above the front radiator and the exterior heat exchanger.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110171266A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-27 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of thermal management system of electric automobile |
| CN110171266B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2024-04-19 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Electric automobile thermal management system |
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