CN210231546U

CN210231546U - Main shaft structure

Info

Publication number: CN210231546U
Application number: CN201920737303.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: Zhenghong Wang; 王正洪; Baiping Yan; 严柏平; Zhuang Yang; 杨撞; Fanhua Zhou; 周繁华; Xubo Fang; 方许波; Shouling Wang; 王寿灵; Zhenglong Wang; 王正龙
Original assignee: Hangzhou Waring Mechanical And Electrical Co ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Waring Mechanical And Electrical Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-22
Filing date: 2019-05-22
Publication date: 2020-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 2029-05-22

Abstract

The utility model discloses a main shaft structure, which comprises a main shaft, a flange plate and an elastic body, wherein the main shaft comprises a main shaft main body and a positioning piece, and the positioning piece comprises a positioning conical surface and a supporting bottom plate; the flange plate comprises a flange main body, a flange end cover, a flange main body and a flange groove body; the elastic body is sleeved on the positioning piece of the main shaft, the main shaft and the elastic body are accommodated in the flange groove body, and the supporting bottom plate is placed on the supporting plane; the inner wall of flange main part is inlayed respectively and is had first magnetofluid chamber, first coil, second magnetofluid chamber, second coil and third coil, and the upper end and the lower extreme of second magnetofluid chamber are equipped with first sealing member respectively, the second sealing member, have filled first magnetofluid, second magnetofluid respectively in first magnetofluid chamber and the second magnetofluid intracavity, the utility model discloses main shaft structure easily processes, and is convenient for install and dismantle, adopts the magnetofluid structure can guarantee the radial low-angle slope of main shaft under the stress impact greatly, and has the self-regulating function of intensity, is favorable to improving main shaft structure's service reliability and life-span.

Description

Main shaft structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to a spindle structure, in particular to a spindle structure which is convenient to mount and dismount and has an impact stress buffering function.

Background

The spindle structure is an important basic processing element in the field of numerical control machine tools, and is widely applied in the fields of processing centers, milling machines, lathes, grinding machines, fine engraving, punching and the like. Although the application of the spindle structure is popular, there still exist many problems to be perfected in the aspects of installation, detachment and the like of the spindle structure, for example, the installation of the spindle structure is troublesome and laborious, and the detachment of the spindle structure is very easy to cause secondary damage. Meanwhile, due to the influence of a plurality of processing requirements, human factors and the like, the main shaft structure can often work in some high-load/large-stress impact environments, and great impact is brought to the service life of the cutter structure, the deformation of the main shaft structure, the reliable operation of a bearing and the like. This is just one of the key problems to be solved in the design and application of the spindle structure.

Aiming at the application design requirements of complex installation and disassembly processes of the existing main shaft structure and small-angle deflection in the application process of the main shaft structure, the invention provides the main shaft structure which is convenient to install and disassemble and has strength self-adaption and small-angle deflection under a large stress impact environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a main shaft structure.

A main shaft structure comprises a main shaft, a flange plate and an elastic body, wherein the main shaft comprises a main shaft body and a positioning piece, and the positioning piece comprises a positioning conical surface and a supporting bottom plate; the flange plate comprises a flange main body, a flange end cover and a flange groove body; the elastic body is sleeved on a positioning piece of the main shaft, the main shaft and the elastic body are accommodated in the flange groove body and are positioned through the positioning piece, a supporting plane is arranged on the inner wall of the flange main body, a supporting conical surface is arranged in the middle of the flange main body, a supporting bottom plate of the positioning piece is placed on the supporting plane, the positioning conical surface is placed on the supporting conical surface, and the elastic body is extruded through the flange end cover in the axial direction to complete the positioning of the main shaft; the flange comprises a flange main body and is characterized in that a first magnetic fluid cavity, a first coil, a second magnetic fluid cavity, a second coil and a third coil are respectively embedded in the inner wall of the flange main body from top to bottom and from inside to outside, wherein a first sealing element and a second sealing element are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second magnetic fluid cavity, and a first magnetic fluid cavity and a second magnetic fluid cavity are respectively filled with a first magnetic fluid and a second magnetic fluid.

Preferably, the supporting base plate is used for positioning the axial position, the positioning conical surface is in a conical surface structure mode and is matched with the supporting conical surface to position the radial position, and meanwhile, the positioning conical surface is matched with the conical surface of the supporting conical surface, so that the small-angle inclination of the radial direction of the main shaft can be met.

Preferably, the main shaft is positioned and mounted in a mode that the flange end cover extrudes the elastic body, and the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid which have automatically adjustable elasticity are respectively adopted for auxiliary radial positioning in the radial direction of the main shaft, so that the main shaft can be allowed to radially incline at a certain angle on the basis of ensuring the mechanical strength.

Preferably, the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid are made of MRF-DG, and the first magnetic fluid cavity and the second magnetic fluid cavity are made of high-elasticity rubber films.

Preferably, the first coil, the second coil and the third coil are electrified to generate axial magnetic fields in the same direction, the three coils are respectively embedded on the inner wall of the flange main body in an epoxy potting mode, and the passing current density of the three coils is sequentially that the third coil is larger than the first coil and the second coil.

Preferably, under the action of the electromagnetic field applied to the first coil, the first magnetic fluid has relatively low strength in the inner diameter area and relatively high strength in the outer diameter area, and under the action of the electromagnetic field applied to the second coil, the second magnetic fluid has relatively low strength in the inner diameter area and relatively high strength in the outer diameter area, so that when the main shaft is inclined at a small angle, the radial stress self-adjusting function of the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid on the support of the main shaft can be realized.

Preferably, when the first coil is not electrified, the inner wall of the first magnetic fluid cavity and the outer wall of the elastic body have a gap of 0.2-0.3 mm; when the second coil and the third coil are not electrified, a gap of 0.2-0.3mm exists between the inner wall of the second magnetofluid cavity and the outer wall of the spindle.

Preferably, the spindle mounting process is as follows, firstly, electrifying the third coil to increase the strength of the second magnetic fluid in the third coil area and provide an end supporting point for the mounting of the spindle; placing the main shaft sleeved with the elastic body in the flange groove body, and positioning through a positioning piece; the first coil is electrified to increase the strength of the first magnetic fluid and is used for radially fixing and supporting the elastomer and the main shaft; and installing an end cover of the flange, and electrifying the second coil to finish the installation of the main shaft.

Preferably, the main shaft is disassembled in the following process, firstly, the second coil is powered off, the flange end cover is disassembled, the third coil is powered off, the first coil is powered off, and the main shaft is moved out of the flange groove body to complete the disassembly of the main shaft.

Preferably, when the spindle is radially inclined due to a large stress effect in the cutting process, the spindle is inclined at a small angle in a certain direction due to the fact that the strength of the inner diameter regions of the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid is relatively low, so that the first magnetic fluid cavity and the first magnetic fluid in the direction are extruded, the second magnetic fluid cavity and the second magnetic fluid in the direction are also extruded, the strength of the outer diameter regions of the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid is high, the reverse force of the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid applied to the process that the spindle extrudes the first magnetic fluid and the second magnetic fluid is gradually increased, and the inclination angle of the spindle is not increased after balance is achieved; when the large stress in the cutting process is reduced or eliminated, the first magnetic fluid can extrude the elastic body to enable the spindle to recover to the originally set balance position.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) in the aspect of positioning of the main shaft structure, the invention adopts a traditional mechanical mode and a magnetic fluid strength adjusting mode. In the traditional mechanical mode, a structural mode that a horizontal support and a circular conical surface support are combined is selected, so that the positioning and the installation of the main shaft structure are easy, and the main shaft structure can be ensured to be inclined by a small radial angle; the radial support of the strength of the magnetic fluid effectively makes up for the requirement of high-strength support in the radial direction, and meanwhile, the difference characteristic of the internal and external strength of the magnetic fluid can be used for self-adjustment of the strength of the main shaft under small-angle inclination, so that the problem that the reliability of the main shaft is influenced by overlarge rigidity in mechanical support does not exist.

2) According to the spindle structure, the magnetic fluid is adopted for auxiliary support, more process choices are provided for the spindle structure in the mounting and dismounting processes, and the complicated process flow in the dismounting process is effectively avoided; meanwhile, the main shaft structure can realize small-angle inclination in a high-stress impact environment, has a good protection effect on a cutter, a main shaft and a bearing, and is favorable for improving the reliability and the service life of the main shaft structure.

3) The main shaft structure takes actual processing precision and requirements into consideration, the required processing technology is simple, the main shaft structure and the auxiliary structure are easy to process, the protection on the main shaft structure in the assembling and disassembling process is good, and engineering application is easy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a spindle arrangement;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the spindle;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the flange;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of the swivel flange;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view with the principal axis tilted radially;

fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the radial inclination of the main shaft.

Detailed Description

The following is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protection scope is not limited to this embodiment, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention should belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should also be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a spindle structure includes a spindle 10, a flange 20 and an elastic body 30, the spindle 10 includes a spindle body 11 and a positioning member 12, the positioning member 12 includes a positioning conical surface 13 and a supporting base plate 14; the flange plate 20 comprises a flange main body 21, a flange end cover 22 and a flange groove body 23; the elastic body 30 is sleeved on the positioning piece 12 of the main shaft 10, the main shaft 10 and the elastic body 30 are accommodated in the flange groove body 23 and are positioned through the positioning piece 12, the inner wall of the flange main body 21 is provided with a supporting plane 24, the middle part of the flange main body 21 is provided with a supporting conical surface 25, wherein a supporting bottom plate 14 of the positioning piece 12 is placed on the supporting plane 24, the positioning conical surface 13 is placed on the supporting conical surface 25, and the elastic body 30 is extruded through the flange end cover 22 in the axial direction to complete the positioning of the main shaft; the inner wall of the flange main body 21 is inlaid with a first magnetic fluid cavity 26, a first coil 28, a second magnetic fluid cavity 27, a second coil 29 and a third coil 301 from top to bottom and from inside to outside respectively, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the second magnetic fluid cavity 27 are provided with a first sealing element 31 and a second sealing element 32 respectively, and the first magnetic fluid cavity 26 and the second magnetic fluid cavity 27 are filled with a first magnetic fluid 33 and a second magnetic fluid 34 respectively.

The supporting base plate 14 is used for positioning the axial position, the positioning conical surface 13 adopts a conical surface structure mode and is matched with the supporting conical surface 25 to position the radial position, and meanwhile, the conical surfaces of the positioning conical surface 13 and the supporting conical surface 25 are matched, so that the small-angle inclination of the radial direction of the main shaft 10 can be met.

The main shaft 10 completes the positioning and installation of the main shaft 10 by a mode that the flange end cover 22 extrudes the elastic body 30, and the radial direction of the main shaft 10 respectively adopts the first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 which have the automatically adjustable elasticity to perform auxiliary radial positioning, so that the main shaft 10 can be allowed to have radial inclination of a certain angle on the basis of ensuring the mechanical strength.

Under the action of the electrified magnetic field of the first coil 28, the strength of the inner diameter area of the first magnetic fluid 33 is relatively low, and the strength of the outer diameter area of the first magnetic fluid 33 is relatively high, and under the action of the electrified magnetic field of the second coil 29, the strength of the inner diameter area of the second magnetic fluid 34 is relatively low, and the strength of the outer diameter area of the second magnetic fluid 34 is relatively high, so that when the main shaft 10 inclines at a small angle, the radial stress self-adjusting function of the first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 for supporting the main shaft 10 can be.

Under the condition that the first coil 28 is not electrified, the inner wall of the first magnetic fluid cavity 26 and the outer wall of the elastic body 30 have a gap of 0.2-0.3 mm; when the second coil 29 and the third coil 301 are not energized, the second magnetofluid cavity 27 has a gap of 0.2-0.3m between the inner wall of the second magnetofluid cavity 27 and the outer wall of the spindle 10.

The main shaft 10 is installed by firstly electrifying the third coil 301 to increase the strength of the second magnetic fluid 34 in the area of the third coil 301 and provide an end supporting point for installing the main shaft 10; the main shaft 10 sleeved with the elastic body 30 is placed in the flange groove body 23 and is positioned through the positioning piece 12; the first coil 28 is electrified to increase the strength of the first magnetic fluid 33, so as to radially fix and support the elastic body 30 and the main shaft 10; and installing the flange end cover 22, and electrifying the second coil 29 to complete the installation of the main shaft 10.

The main shaft 10 is disassembled as follows, firstly, the second coil 29 is powered off, the flange end cover 22 is disassembled, the third coil 301 is powered off, the first coil 28 is powered off, the main shaft 10 is moved out of the flange groove body 23, and the main shaft 10 is disassembled.

When the spindle 10 radially tilts due to a large stress effect in the cutting process, because the strength of the inner diameter regions of the first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 is relatively low, the spindle 10 tilts at a small angle to a certain direction, so that the first magnetic fluid cavity 26 and the first magnetic fluid 33 in the direction are extruded, and meanwhile, the second magnetic fluid cavity 27 and the second magnetic fluid 34 in the direction are also extruded, because the strength of the outer diameter regions of the first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 is higher, the reverse force of the first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 in the process that the spindle 10 extrudes the first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 is gradually increased, and the tilt angle of the spindle is not increased after the spindle reaches balance; when the large stress during cutting is reduced or eliminated, the first magnetic fluid 33 will press the elastic body 30 so that the spindle 10 is restored to the original set equilibrium position.

The first magnetic fluid 33 and the second magnetic fluid 34 are made of MRF132-DG, and the first magnetic fluid cavity 26 and the second magnetic fluid cavity 27 are made of high-elasticity rubber films.

The first coil 28, the second coil 29 and the third coil 301 are electrified to generate axial magnetic fields in the same direction, the three coils are respectively embedded on the inner wall of the flange main body 21 in an epoxy potting mode, and the passing current density of the three coils is that the third coil 301 is larger than the first coil 28 and the second coil 29 in sequence.

Claims

1. A main shaft structure comprises a main shaft (10), a flange plate (20) and an elastic body (30), and is characterized in that: the main shaft (10) comprises a main shaft body (11) and a positioning piece (12), wherein the positioning piece (12) comprises a positioning conical surface (13) and a supporting bottom plate (14); the flange plate (20) comprises a flange main body (21), a flange end cover (22) and a flange groove body (23); the elastic body (30) is sleeved on a positioning piece (12) of the main shaft (10), the main shaft (10) and the elastic body (30) are accommodated in a flange groove body (23) and are positioned through the positioning piece (12), a supporting plane (24) is arranged on the inner wall of a flange main body (21), a supporting conical surface (25) is arranged in the middle of the flange main body (21), a supporting base plate (14) of the positioning piece (12) is placed on the supporting plane (24), a positioning conical surface (13) is placed on the supporting conical surface (25), and the elastic body (30) is extruded through a flange end cover (22) in the axial direction to complete positioning of the main shaft (10); a first magnetofluid cavity (26), a first coil (28), a second magnetofluid cavity (27), a second coil (29) and a third coil (301) are respectively inlaid in the inner wall of the flange main body (21) from top to bottom and from inside to outside, wherein a first sealing element (31) and a second sealing element (32) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the second magnetofluid cavity (27), and a first magnetofluid (33) and a second magnetofluid (34) are respectively filled in the first magnetofluid cavity (26) and the second magnetofluid cavity (27).

2. A spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting base plate (14) is used for positioning the axial position, the positioning conical surface (13) adopts a conical surface structure mode and is matched with the supporting conical surface (25) to position the radial position, and meanwhile, the positioning conical surface (13) is matched with the conical surface of the supporting conical surface (25), so that the small-angle inclination of the main shaft (10) in the radial direction can be met.

3. A spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the main shaft (10) completes positioning and installation of the main shaft (10) in a mode that the flange end cover (22) extrudes the elastic body (30), the first magnetic fluid (33) and the second magnetic fluid (34) which have automatically adjustable elasticity are respectively adopted for auxiliary radial positioning in the radial direction of the main shaft (10), and the main shaft (10) can be allowed to radially incline at a certain angle on the basis of ensuring the mechanical strength.

4. A spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the first magnetic fluid (33) and the second magnetic fluid (34) are made of MRF132-DG, and the first magnetic fluid cavity (26) and the second magnetic fluid cavity (27) are made of high-elasticity rubber films.

5. A spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein: the first coil (28), the second coil (29) and the third coil (301) are electrified to generate axial magnetic fields in the same direction, the three coils are embedded on the inner wall of the flange main body (21) respectively in an epoxy potting mode, and the passing current density of the three coils is that the third coil (301) is larger than the first coil (28) and the second coil (29) in sequence.

6. A spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein: under the action of an electrified magnetic field of the first coil (28), the strength of the inner diameter area of the first magnetic fluid (33) is relatively low, and the strength of the outer diameter area of the first magnetic fluid is relatively high, under the action of an electrified magnetic field of the second coil (29), the strength of the inner diameter area of the second magnetic fluid (34) is relatively low, and the strength of the outer diameter area of the second magnetic fluid is relatively high, so that when the main shaft (10) is inclined at a small angle, the radial stress self-adjusting function of the first magnetic fluid (33) and the second magnetic fluid (34) for supporting the main shaft (10) can be realized.

7. A spindle structure according to claim 1, wherein: under the condition that the first coil (28) is not electrified, a gap of 0.2-0.3mm exists between the inner wall of the first magnetic fluid cavity (26) and the outer wall of the elastic body (30); when the second coil (29) and the third coil (301) are not electrified, the second magnetofluid cavity (27) has a gap of 0.2-0.3m between the inner wall of the second magnetofluid cavity (27) and the outer wall of the spindle (10).