CN210153765U - Boiler thermodynamic system - Google Patents
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- CN210153765U CN210153765U CN201920681102.2U CN201920681102U CN210153765U CN 210153765 U CN210153765 U CN 210153765U CN 201920681102 U CN201920681102 U CN 201920681102U CN 210153765 U CN210153765 U CN 210153765U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a boiler thermodynamic system belongs to thermal power technical field. The utility model discloses a part superheated steam that produces the boiler over heater passes through behind the pressure reduction of reducing the temperature and reducing the pressure device's the effect of reducing the temperature, selectively gets into oxygen-eliminating device, third high pressure feed water heater, second high pressure feed water heater and first high pressure feed water heater respectively, through the feedwater temperature that improves the boiler, has realized the thermal recycle of boiler, has promoted SCR denitrification facility entry flue gas temperature simultaneously to can accelerate the cold starting speed of boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a boiler thermodynamic system belongs to thermal power technical field.
Background
The boiler thermodynamic system is a whole formed by connecting thermal equipment of a thermal power plant such as a boiler, a steam turbine, a water pump, a high-pressure heater and the like in a certain sequence by using steam and water pipelines.
In the existing boiler thermodynamic system, superheated steam generated by a boiler is divided into two paths, wherein one path of superheated steam directly enters a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine for acting expansion and then enters a boiler reheater of the boiler after passing through a high-exhaust check valve; and the other path of steam can enter a high-pressure bypass of the unit, is decompressed and then is merged with the steam after the high-discharge check valve, and then enters a boiler reheater for reheating. The reheated steam enters the condenser or the air cooling island to realize condensation and heat release through the temperature and pressure reducing effect of the low-pressure bypass system, and the cooled condensed water enters the deaerator through the lifting pressure of the condensate pump.
In the cold starting process of the supercritical boiler, more feed water and heat are required to be consumed, and partial steam needs to be extracted from each stage of steam extraction port of the steam turbine to provide heating steam for the high-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater. When the unit is in a low load or a stopping process, along with the reduction of the steam flow at the inlet of the steam turbine, because each stage of steam extraction ports of the steam turbine have no steam or the pressure and temperature parameters are too low, heating steam can not be provided for the high-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater, and the feed water can not be effectively heated, the temperature of the feed water entering the boiler side is low, and the quick starting of the boiler is influenced to a certain degree. On the other hand, also cause the boiler to be in SCR denitrification facility entry flue gas temperature under the low-load can not satisfy the requirement of SCR denitration catalyst, restricted SCR denitrification facility's normal operation, discharge up to standard for the unit pollutant and cause huge pressure.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the above-mentioned defect among the prior art, the utility model provides a boiler thermodynamic system.
The utility model provides a boiler thermodynamic system, including boiler, high-pressure bypass, steam turbine and high row of back valves, the steam turbine includes the high pressure cylinder of steam turbine, be provided with boiler superheater and boiler reheater in the boiler, superheated steam that the boiler superheater produced gets into after the high pressure cylinder of steam turbine does work and gets into in the boiler reheater through the high row of back valves; superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater enters the boiler reheater through the high-pressure bypass, and further comprises a temperature and pressure reducing device, a deaerator, a water feeding pump and a first high-pressure heater; superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater respectively enters a deaerator and a first high-pressure heater through a temperature and pressure reducing device, the water side of the bottom of the deaerator is connected with a water feed pump, the water outlet end of the water feed pump is connected with the first high-pressure heater, and the water outlet end of the first high-pressure heater is connected with the water inlet end of the boiler economizer; the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is sequentially connected with a first high-pressure steam-extraction adjusting valve, a first high-pressure steam-extraction check valve and a first high-pressure steam-extraction throttling shrinkage hole, and the steam exhaust end of the first high-pressure steam-extraction throttling shrinkage hole is connected with a first high-pressure heater; the steam discharging end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is sequentially connected with a deaerator newly-increased steam extraction adjusting door, a deaerator newly-increased steam extraction check door and a deaerator newly-increased steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam discharging end of the deaerator newly-increased steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a deaerator.
As one of the optional technical solutions of the present invention, the boiler thermodynamic system further includes a second high-pressure heater and a third high-pressure heater; the water inlet end of the third high-pressure heater is connected with a water feeding pump, the water outlet end of the third high-pressure heater is connected with the water inlet end of the second high-pressure heater, and the water outlet end of the second high-pressure heater is connected with the water inlet end of the first high-pressure heater; the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is also sequentially connected with a second high steam extraction adjusting valve, a second high steam extraction check valve and a second high steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam exhaust end of the second high steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a second high-pressure heater; the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is further sequentially connected with a third-height steam extraction adjusting valve, a third-height steam extraction check valve and a third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam exhaust end of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a third high-pressure heater.
As one of the selectable technical solutions of the present invention, the flow area of the first height plus the newly added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is larger than the flow area of the second height plus the newly added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity; the flow area of the second-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole is larger than that of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole; and the flow area of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole is larger than that of the deaerator.
As one of the optional technical solutions of the present invention, the boiler thermodynamic system further includes a newly added steam extraction shutoff valve, a pressure gauge and a thermometer; the newly-increased steam extraction shut-off valve is connected between the steam inlet end of the temperature and pressure reducing device and the steam exhaust end of the heater; the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is connected with the first end of the pressure gauge, the second end of the pressure gauge is connected with the first end of the thermometer, and the second end of the thermometer is respectively connected with a deaerator newly-added steam extraction adjusting door, a third-height newly-added steam extraction adjusting door, a second-height newly-added steam extraction adjusting door and a first-height newly-added steam extraction adjusting door.
As one of the selectable technical solutions of the present invention, the steam turbine is further provided with a first steam turbine steam extraction port, and the first steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the deaerator sequentially through the deaerator steam extraction quick-closing door and the deaerator steam extraction check door; the steam turbine is also provided with a second steam turbine steam extraction port, and the second steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the first high-pressure heater through a first high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door and a first high-pressure steam extraction check door in sequence; the steam turbine is also provided with a third steam turbine steam extraction port, and the third steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the second high-pressure heater through a second high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door and a second high-pressure steam extraction check door in sequence; and a fourth steam turbine steam extraction port is further arranged on the steam turbine, and the fourth steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the third high-pressure heater sequentially through a third high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door and a third high-pressure steam extraction check door.
As one of the optional technical solutions of the present invention, the temperature and pressure reducing device is further provided with a temperature reducing water inlet, the temperature reducing water inlet is connected with at least one of the boiler, the feed pump, the first high pressure heater, the second high pressure heater and the third high pressure heater.
The control method for the boiler thermodynamic system comprises the following steps: when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler is greater than a first threshold value, opening a newly-added steam extraction shutoff valve, controlling the superheated steam parameter to be smaller than a first set value through a temperature and pressure reducing device, and simultaneously opening a newly-added steam extraction adjusting valve of a deaerator and a newly-added steam extraction check valve of the deaerator to enable the deaerator to work; when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler is greater than a second threshold value, controlling the superheated steam parameter to be smaller than a second set value through the temperature and pressure reducing device, and simultaneously opening a third-height steam extraction adjusting door and a third-height steam extraction check door to enable a third high-pressure heater to work; when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler is greater than a third threshold value, controlling the superheated steam parameter to be smaller than a third set value through the temperature and pressure reducing device, and simultaneously opening a second high-pressure steam extraction adjusting door and a second high-pressure steam extraction check door to enable a second high-pressure heater to work; when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler is greater than a fourth threshold value, the superheated steam parameters are controlled to be smaller than a fourth set value through the temperature and pressure reducing device, and the first high-pressure heater works by opening the first high-pressure newly-increased steam extraction adjusting door and the first high-pressure newly-increased steam extraction check door.
The utility model discloses a part superheated steam that produces the boiler over heater passes through behind the pressure reduction of reducing the temperature and reducing the pressure device's the effect of reducing the temperature, selectively gets into oxygen-eliminating device, third high pressure feed water heater, second high pressure feed water heater and first high pressure feed water heater respectively, through the feedwater temperature that improves the boiler, has realized the thermal recycle of boiler, has promoted SCR denitrification facility entry flue gas temperature simultaneously to can accelerate the cold starting speed of boiler.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of a boiler thermodynamic system provided in this embodiment.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a deaerator; 2-a third high pressure heater; 3-a second high pressure heater; 4-a first high pressure heater; 5-a water supply pump; 6-a boiler; 7-high pressure bypass; 8-high pressure cylinder of steam turbine; 9-high-discharge check valve; 10-adding an extraction shutoff valve; 11-a temperature and pressure reducing device; 12-inlet of desuperheating water; 13-pressure gauge; 14-a thermometer; 15-adding an extraction adjusting door for the deaerator; 16-third high plus new steam extraction adjusting door; 17-a second high and a newly-added steam extraction adjusting door; 18-first high plus new steam extraction regulating gate; 19-adding an extraction check valve in the deaerator; adding a newly-added steam extraction check valve at 20-third highest; 21-adding a new steam extraction check valve at the second highest position; 22-a first high-added steam extraction check valve; 23-adding a steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity in the deaerator; 24-third high, adding a new steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity; 25-second highest plus new steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity; 26-adding a newly added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity at the first height; 27-the deaerator is extracted steam and is closed quickly; 28-deaerator steam extraction check valve; 29-third highest steam extraction and quick door closing; 30-third high steam extraction check valve; 31-second high pressure steam extraction quick closing door; 32-a second high-pressure steam extraction check valve; 33-first high pressure steam extraction quick closing door; 34-first high pressure steam extraction check valve.
With the above figures, certain embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in more detail below. The drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the inventive concept by those skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
The terms "upper" and "lower" are used to describe relative positions of the structures in the drawings, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the structures may be changed or adjusted without substantial technical changes.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In addition, in the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
During the starting process of the boiler, because the heating surface of the thermal power generating unit is in a cold state, fuel needs to be slowly added, heat is gradually released through combustion, the temperature of a hearth is increased, water is heated, and steam parameters are increased according to the temperature rise and pressure rise requirements of a boiler plant.
In addition, in the combustion process of combustion-supporting fuel, such as light diesel oil or heavy oil, due to poor air distribution or poor atomization, part of fuel oil particles cannot be completely combusted, enter a flue at the tail of the boiler and contaminate a denitration catalyst and an air preheater sector plate, and when the boiler runs for a long time under a low load, secondary combustion and ignition accidents are easily caused, so that the safe operation of equipment is endangered. In addition, when pulverized coal and fuel oil are mixed and combusted, the influence on the investment and operation of environmental protection facilities is large, the operation of SCR denitration, a dust remover and desulfurization equipment is restricted, and the 100% operation of environmental protection implementation cannot be ensured.
Steam generated in the ignition starting process of a boiler of a thermal power generating unit generally passes through a high-pressure bypass system, main steam is subjected to temperature reduction and pressure reduction and then is sent to a boiler reheater, the boiler reheater is prevented from being dried and burning, a heating surface is damaged, reheated steam heated by the reheater enters a condenser or an air cooling device to be condensed and released heat after being changed into low-parameter steam through the temperature reduction and pressure reduction action of a low-pressure bypass system, cooled condensed water is subjected to pressure increase through a condensing pump and enters a deaerator, and heating steam cannot be provided for the high-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater due to the fact that steam does not exist at each stage of steam extraction ports of a steam turbine or parameters are too low, so that an external heat source of the deaerator is used for heating in the whole regenerative system, the heating capacity of the deaerator is limited by external steam source parameters of mutual units and a pipeline system, and particularly, the steam-water working medium needs to be flushed and discharged outwards at the boiler side and the steam turbine side, a large amount of low-temperature condensed water needs to be supplemented under the working condition, the feed water temperature is low, and the feed water temperature of the boiler is lower than 100 ℃ usually during cold starting.
After the feed water with lower temperature enters the boiler economizer, the flue gas temperature is reduced, so that the flue gas temperature at the SCR inlet can not meet the requirement in the starting process of the boiler and under the low-load operation load, the normal operation of the SCR equipment is limited, and the huge pressure is caused for the standard-reaching emission of the pollutants in the unit.
In addition, under a conventional starting mode, steam generated on the boiler side bypasses and enters a condenser or an air cooling island, a large amount of heat is wasted, the boiler is not favorable for quick starting of the boiler, particularly a supercritical unit, the boiler does not have a steam pocket, minimum feed water flow protection is generally required to be set in order to ensure enough cooling flow in a water wall in the starting process, for the supercritical boiler provided with a boiler water circulating pump starting system, after cold flushing is completed, the feed water flow of the boiler is kept to be not lower than the minimum feed water flow to operate under the action of the boiler water circulating pump, the boiler starts ignition and starts, and at the moment, the boiler starts hot flushing; for a supercritical boiler provided with an atmosphere flash tank type starting system, the lowest water supply flow needs to be maintained, and operation at a flow rate not lower than the lowest water supply flow needs to be maintained no matter the supercritical boiler is flushed in a cold state or a hot state, so that the supercritical boiler needs to consume more water supply and heat in the cold state starting process. The supercritical boiler has no steam pocket, can not be discharged during operation, has higher requirement on water quality, needs to be subjected to cold state flushing and hot state flushing in the starting process, consumes longer time in the process, prolongs the starting time of a unit, influences the grid connection time of a steam turbine generator unit, and is very unfavorable for quick starting and flexibility adjustment of a thermal power plant for adapting to a power grid.
For subcritical boilers, the safety problem of hydrodynamic force at the stages of hot washing, cold starting and low load also exists, the working medium is heated only by means of heat generated by boiler combustion, when a regenerative steam extraction system is not put into operation, the water supply temperature is low, the smoke exhaust temperature is low, serious low-temperature corrosion is brought to a tail heating surface and a flue, particularly, a rotary air preheater easily catches fire and is bonded and blocked under low load, and therefore the improvement of the cold starting rate of the boiler is very important.
The embodiment aims to provide a boiler thermodynamic system and a control method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that the feed water temperature is low when the boiler is started in a cold state or a warm state, the boiler needs to be put into operation by high-quality fuel for a long time, and the flue gas temperature at the inlet of a selective catalytic reduction denitration (SCR) device is low and cannot be put into operation. When the unit is in a starting stage or a low-load stage, the feed water temperature is raised by switching a high-pressure heater and a deaerator to heat a steam source, so that the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR of the boiler is raised.
In order to achieve the purpose, the boiler thermodynamic system and the control method thereof are provided, the system is characterized in that a boiler bypass system is used for extracting steam outwards to provide high-parameter heat sources for three high-pressure heaters and a deaerator, and when a unit is started or a low load is generated, the steam extraction at the boiler side is used for heating feed water, so that the feed water temperature is increased, and the purpose of increasing the flue gas temperature at the inlet of an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device of a boiler is achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the boiler thermodynamic system provided by this embodiment includes a boiler 6, a high-pressure bypass 7, a steam turbine and a high-exhaust check valve 9, where the steam turbine includes a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 8, a boiler superheater and a boiler reheater are arranged in the boiler 6, superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater enters the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 8 for acting and then enters the boiler reheater through the high-exhaust check valve 9; superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater enters a boiler reheater through a high-pressure bypass 7, and further comprises a temperature and pressure reducing device 11, a deaerator 1, a water feeding pump 5 and a first high-pressure heater 4; superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater respectively enters a deaerator 1 and a first high-pressure heater 4 through a temperature and pressure reducing device 11, the water side of the bottom of the deaerator 1 is connected with a water feeding pump 5, the water outlet end of the water feeding pump 5 is connected with the first high-pressure heater 4, and the water outlet end of the first high-pressure heater 4 is connected with the water inlet end of a boiler economizer; the steam discharging end of the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is sequentially connected with a first high steam-adding newly-increased steam-extraction adjusting valve 18, a first high steam-adding newly-increased steam-extraction check valve 22 and a first high steam-adding newly-increased steam-extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 26, and the steam discharging end of the first high steam-adding newly-increased steam-extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 26 is connected with a first high-pressure heater 4; the steam discharging end of the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is further sequentially connected with a deaerator newly-added steam extraction adjusting door 15, a deaerator newly-added steam extraction check door 19 and a deaerator newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 23, and the steam discharging end of the deaerator newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 23 is connected with a deaerator 1.
As an exemplary illustration, in order to achieve the above-described functions of the boiler thermodynamic system, the boiler thermodynamic system in the present embodiment should have at least one first high-pressure heater 4. The high-pressure bypass 7 system is an original bypass system of the unit, or a new high-pressure bypass 7 system in the technical transformation after production, and serves as a steam diversion position of the thermodynamic system. The steam shunting position is on the front pipeline of the original high-pressure bypass 7 system, or on the front pipeline of the newly-added high-pressure bypass 7 system, or directly from the main steam pipeline of the boiler 6.
The superheated steam after temperature and pressure reduction is divided into four branch pipelines, a first high steam extraction adjusting valve 18, a first high steam extraction check valve 22 and a first high steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 26 are sequentially arranged on the first branch pipeline, and then the new steam extraction pipeline is connected to a rear pipeline of the first high steam extraction check valve 34 to provide a heating steam source for the first high-pressure heater 4.
First high steam extraction check valve 34 arranges behind first high steam extraction quick-closing door 33 that adds, and the simultaneous switch action of first high steam extraction quick-closing door 33 and first high steam extraction check valve 34 realizes the input or withdraw from of former unit backheating steam extraction system, ensures newly-increased steam extraction system and the one section switching between the steam extraction system of former backheating, ensures simultaneously that the steam in two steam extraction systems does not take place reverse leakage and flows, influences unit safety.
The first high plus new extraction adjustment gate 18 is used to adjust the superheated steam pressure and flow into the first high pressure heater 4.
The first high plus new steam extraction throttling hole 26 is used for adjusting the steam pressure in the new steam extraction pipeline system, which is equivalent to adding a fixed local resistance delta P1, thereby realizing the flow and pressure balance among the four parallel branches.
In order to retrieve the energy in the unit start-up process, adopt the utility model discloses a thermodynamic system, its main method is as follows: after the boiler 6 is ignited and started, the boiler superheater generates steam flow and has a certain superheat degree, a newly-added steam extraction shutoff valve 10 can be opened, under the action of a temperature and pressure reduction device 11, the superheated steam generated by the boiler 6 is subjected to temperature and pressure reduction, part of superheated steam on the boiler 6 side is introduced into three high-pressure heaters and deaerators 1 through valve components on four steam pipelines, or the superheated steam can be partially and selectively put into 1-4 branches of the newly-added steam extraction system, the distribution of heating steam sources of the high-pressure heaters and the deaerators 1 is realized through the pressure and flow regulation effects of the temperature and pressure reduction device 11 and the newly-added steam extraction regulation valve and is matched with the water supply flow of the boiler 6, so that the original regenerative steam extraction system has no steam and cannot adopt steam on the boiler 6 side to heat water supply through steam extraction during the starting process of a unit, promote the feedwater temperature who gets into boiler 6 to realize 6 thermal recycle of boiler, promote SCR denitrification facility entry flue gas temperature for boiler 6's cold starting rate.
When the unit is in lower load or the stop process, because one section, the two-stage, three-section and four-stage steam extraction parameter of former backheating steam extraction reduce along with steam turbine entry steam flow's reduction, high pressure heater and deaerator 1's steam extraction volume is very little or can't take out, can't carry out effectual heating to the feedwater, the feedwater temperature that leads to getting into 6 sides of boiler is lower, cause boiler 6 to be the SCR entry flue gas temperature under the low-load can not satisfy the requirement of SCR denitration catalyst, consequently, under this operating mode, can pass through the utility model discloses thermal system and method, shunt the part superheated steam of 6 sides of boiler, through reducing the temperature and decompressing and adjusting valve effect, get into three high pressure heater and deaerator 1, promote the boiler 6 feedwater temperature of this operating mode.
Foretell 6 cold starts of boiler, stops or under the low-load operation condition, adopt the utility model discloses thermal system and method are very favourable to the combined heat and power units, and especially the steam turbine side is to outer when taking out the steam flow great, and the skew design operating mode of feedwater temperature is more, adopts 6 side steam heating high pressure feed water heater of boiler and oxygen-eliminating device 1, promotes the feedwater temperature, promotes the load regulation flexibility of unit and increase to outer heat supply ability.
As one of the optional embodiments of this embodiment, the boiler thermodynamic system further comprises a second high-pressure heater 3 and a third high-pressure heater 2; the water inlet end of the third high-pressure heater 2 is connected with the water feeding pump 5, the water outlet end of the third high-pressure heater 2 is connected with the water inlet end of the second high-pressure heater 3, and the water outlet end of the second high-pressure heater 3 is connected with the water inlet end of the first high-pressure heater 4; the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is also sequentially connected with a third-height steam extraction adjusting valve 17, a second-height steam extraction check valve 21 and a second-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 25, and the steam exhaust end of the second-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 25 is connected with a second high-pressure heater 3; the steam discharging end of the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is also sequentially connected with a third-height steam-extraction adjusting valve 16, a third-height steam-extraction check valve 20 and a third-height steam-extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam discharging end of the third-height steam-extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a third high-pressure heater 2.
As an exemplary illustration, a third high-pressure steam extraction adjusting valve 17, a second high-pressure steam extraction check valve 21 and a second high-pressure steam extraction throttling and reducing hole 25 are sequentially arranged on the second branch pipeline, and then the new steam extraction pipeline is connected to a rear pipeline of the second high-pressure steam extraction check valve 32 to provide a heating steam source for the second high-pressure heater 3.
The second high pressure steam extraction check valve 32 is arranged behind the second high pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 31, the input or exit of the original unit regenerative steam extraction system is realized through the simultaneous opening and closing actions of the second high pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 31 and the second high pressure steam extraction check valve 32, the switching between the newly-added steam extraction system and the original regenerative two-stage steam extraction system is ensured, and meanwhile, the reverse leakage and the flow of steam in the two steam extraction systems are prevented, so that the unit safety is influenced.
The third high plus new steam extraction regulating gate 17 is used to regulate the superheated steam pressure and flow entering the second high pressure heater 3. The second highest adds the newly added extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 25, which is used for adjusting the steam pressure in the newly added extraction pipeline system, namely adding a fixed local resistance delta P2, thereby realizing the flow and pressure balance among the four parallel branches.
The third branch pipeline is sequentially provided with a third-height steam extraction adjusting valve 16, a third-height steam extraction check valve 20 and a third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and then the new steam extraction pipeline is connected to the rear pipeline of the third-height steam extraction check valve 30 to provide a heating steam source for the third high-pressure heater 2.
The third high pressure steam extraction check valve 30 is arranged behind the third high pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 29, the input or exit of the original unit regenerative steam extraction system is realized through the simultaneous opening and closing actions of the third high pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 29 and the third high pressure steam extraction check valve 30, the switching between the newly-added steam extraction system and the original regenerative three-section steam extraction system is ensured, and meanwhile, the steam in the two steam extraction systems is prevented from reversely leaking and flowing to influence the unit safety.
The third high plus new extraction adjustment valve 16 is used to adjust the superheated steam pressure and flow entering the third high pressure heater 2. And a newly added steam extraction throttling hole is added to the third step for adjusting the steam pressure in the newly added steam extraction pipeline system, namely adding a fixed local resistance delta P3, thereby realizing the flow and pressure balance among the four parallel branches.
The fourth branch pipeline is sequentially provided with a deaerator newly-added steam extraction adjusting door 15, a deaerator newly-added steam extraction check door 19 and a deaerator newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 23, and then the newly-added steam extraction pipeline is connected to a pipeline behind the deaerator steam extraction check door to provide a heating steam source for the deaerator 1.
The deaerator steam extraction check valve is arranged behind the deaerator steam extraction quick-closing door 27, the deaerator steam extraction quick-closing door 27 and the deaerator steam extraction check valve are opened and closed simultaneously to realize the input or exit of an original unit regenerative steam extraction system, the switching between the newly-increased steam extraction system and the original regenerative four-section steam extraction system is ensured, and meanwhile, the steam in the two steam extraction systems is prevented from reversely leaking and flowing, so that the unit safety is influenced.
The deaerator is additionally provided with a steam extraction adjusting door 15 for adjusting the pressure and flow of the superheated steam entering the deaerator 1. The deaerator is additionally provided with a steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 23 which is used for adjusting steam pressure in an additionally-added steam extraction pipeline system, namely adding a fixed local resistance delta P4, so that flow and pressure balance among four parallel branches is realized.
As an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the flow area of the first high steam extraction throttling hole 26 is larger than the flow area of the second high steam extraction throttling hole 25; the flow area of the second-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 25 is larger than that of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole; the flow area of the third-highest newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole is larger than that of the deaerator newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 23.
As an exemplary illustration, the comparison relationship of the flow areas of the four newly added steam extraction throttle holes is as follows: the first height is added with a newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 26, the second height is added with a newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 25, the third height is added with a newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 24, and the deaerator is added with a newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole 23. The fixed local resistance magnitude relation on the four branches is as follows: delta P1< P2< delta P3< delta P4, which ensures that the vapor pressure of the superheated vapor entering the first high-pressure heater 4 is higher than that of the second high-pressure heater 3, the vapor pressure of the second high-pressure heater 3 is higher than that of the third high-pressure heater 2, and the vapor pressure of the third high-pressure heater 2 is higher than that of the deaerator 1.
As one of the optional embodiments of this embodiment, the boiler thermodynamic system further includes a new steam extraction shutoff valve 10, a pressure gauge 13 and a temperature gauge 14; the newly-added steam extraction shutoff valve 10 is connected between the steam inlet end of the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 and the steam exhaust end of the heater; the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is connected with the first end of a pressure gauge 13, the second end of the pressure gauge 13 is connected with the first end of a thermometer 14, and the second end of the thermometer 14 is respectively connected with a deaerator newly added steam extraction adjusting door 15, a third height steam extraction adjusting door 16, a third height steam extraction adjusting door 17 and a first height steam extraction adjusting door 18.
As an exemplary illustration, the steam extraction shutoff valve 10 is added as a switching valve for commissioning or quitting the thermodynamic system of the present invention, and the tightness thereof is important to ensure that the steam flow in the thermodynamic system can be strictly cut off when the system quits operation.
The temperature and pressure reducing device 11 reduces the temperature and the pressure of the extracted superheated steam, meets the steam parameter requirements of the subsequent deaerator 1 and the first high-pressure heater 4, the second high-pressure heater 3 and the third high-pressure heater 2, the temperature after temperature reduction is not higher than the shell side design temperature of the first high-pressure heater 4, and the steam pressure after pressure reduction is not higher than the shell side design pressure of the second high-pressure heater 3.
The desuperheating and depressurizing device 11 may be a device in which the desuperheating water is supplied from the boiler 6, and may be supplied from the water heated by the high-pressure heater, or may be supplied from the water not heated at the outlet of the water supply pump 5.
And the pressure gauge 13 is used for detecting the steam pressure after passing through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11, ensuring that the steam pressure meets the requirements of the three high-pressure heaters and the deaerator 1, and realizing variable working condition regulation and control.
And the thermometer 14 is used for detecting the temperature of the steam after passing through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11, ensuring that the temperature of the steam meets the requirements of the three high-pressure heaters and the deaerator 1, and realizing variable working condition adjustment and control.
As one of optional embodiments of this embodiment, the steam turbine is further provided with a first steam turbine steam extraction port, and the first steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the deaerator 1 through the deaerator steam extraction quick-closing door 27 and the deaerator steam extraction check valve in sequence; the steam turbine is also provided with a second steam turbine steam extraction port, and the second steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the first high-pressure heater 4 through a first high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 33 and a first high-pressure steam extraction check door 34 in sequence; the steam turbine is also provided with a third steam turbine steam extraction port, and the third steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the second high-pressure heater 3 through a second high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 31 and a second high-pressure steam extraction check door 32 in sequence; and a fourth steam turbine steam extraction port is further arranged on the steam turbine, and the fourth steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the third high-pressure heater 2 sequentially through a third high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door 29 and a third high-pressure steam extraction check door 30.
As one optional embodiment of this embodiment, the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is further provided with a temperature and pressure reducing water inlet 12, and the temperature and pressure reducing water inlet 12 is connected to at least one of the boiler 6, the feed water pump 5, the first high-pressure heater 4, the second high-pressure heater 3, and the third high-pressure heater 2.
In addition, the embodiment also provides a control method for the above boiler thermodynamic system, which comprises the following steps: when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler 6 is greater than a first threshold value, opening a newly-added steam extraction shutoff valve 10, controlling the superheated steam parameter to be smaller than a first set value through a temperature and pressure reducing device 11, and simultaneously opening a newly-added steam extraction adjusting valve of the deaerator 1 and a newly-added steam extraction check valve of the deaerator 1 to enable the deaerator 1 to work; when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler 6 is greater than a second threshold value, controlling the superheated steam parameter to be smaller than a second set value through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11, and simultaneously opening a third-height steam extraction adjusting valve and a third-height steam extraction check valve to enable the third high-pressure heater 2 to work; when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler 6 is greater than a third threshold value, controlling the superheated steam parameter to be less than a third set value through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11, and simultaneously opening a second high-pressure steam extraction adjusting door and a second high-pressure steam extraction check door to enable the second high-pressure heater 3 to work; when the superheated steam pressure of the boiler 6 is greater than the fourth threshold value, the superheated steam parameter is controlled to be smaller than the fourth set value through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11, and the first high-pressure heater 4 works by opening the first high-pressure newly-increased steam extraction adjusting door and the first high-pressure newly-increased steam extraction check door simultaneously.
As an exemplary illustration, superheated steam generated by the boiler 6 is divided into two paths, wherein one path of superheated steam directly enters a high-pressure cylinder 8 of the steam turbine for work expansion and then enters a reheater of the boiler 6 after passing through a high-exhaust check valve 9; and the other path of steam enters a high-pressure bypass 7 of the unit, is subjected to pressure reduction and pressure reduction, is merged with the steam after the high-discharge check valve 9, and then enters the boiler 6 for reheating.
A part of superheated steam is connected between a boiler superheater pipeline and a high-pressure bypass 7, enters a temperature and pressure reducing device 11 after passing through a newly-increased steam extraction shutoff valve 10, and becomes a heating steam source meeting the operation requirements of a high-pressure heater 2-4 and a deaerator 1 after temperature and pressure reduction.
A pressure gauge 13 and a thermometer 14 are sequentially arranged behind the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 and used for detecting the steam pressure and temperature after passing through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11.
The superheated steam pipeline after passing through the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 is divided into four branches, wherein the first branch is connected to the first high-pressure heater 4, the second branch is connected to the second high-pressure heater 3, the third branch is connected to the third high-pressure heater, and the fourth branch is connected to the deaerator.
A first height and newly-increased steam extraction adjusting valve 18, a first height and newly-increased steam extraction check valve 22 and a first height and newly-increased steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 26 are sequentially arranged on the first branch pipeline; a second height steam extraction adjusting valve 17, a second height steam extraction check valve 21 and a second height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 25 are sequentially arranged on the second branch pipeline; a third-height steam extraction adjusting valve 16, a third-height steam extraction check valve 20 and a third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 24 are sequentially arranged on the third branch pipeline; and a deaerator newly-added steam extraction adjusting door 15, a deaerator newly-added steam extraction check door 19 and a deaerator newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity 23 are sequentially arranged on the fourth branch pipeline.
The first branch pipeline is connected to a steam pipeline behind the first high pressure steam extraction check valve 34; the second branch pipeline is connected to a steam pipeline behind the second high pressure steam extraction check valve 32; the third branch pipeline is connected to a steam pipeline behind the third high pressure steam extraction check valve 30; the fourth branch pipeline is connected to a steam pipeline behind the deaerator steam extraction check valve 28.
And newly-added steam extraction throttling shrinkage holes 23-26 are formed in each branch pipe and are used for throttling steam entering the high-pressure heaters 2-4 and the deaerator 1, so that pressure imbalance in the four parallel branches is realized, the steam pressure in the first high-pressure heater 4 is ensured to be larger than that of the second high-pressure heater 3, the steam pressure in the second high-pressure heater 3 is larger than that of the third high-pressure heater 2, and the steam pressure in the third high-pressure heater 2 is larger than that of the deaerator 1.
When the boiler is started or under the working condition of low load operation of the unit, the steam extraction shutoff valves 27, 29, 31 and 33 and the steam extraction check valves 28, 30, 32 and 34 corresponding to the high-pressure heaters 2 to 4 and the deaerator 1 are closed, then the newly-added steam extraction adjusting valves 15 to 18 and the newly-added steam extraction check valves 19 to 23 corresponding to the high-pressure heaters 2 to 4 and the deaerator 1 are opened, and the steam flow and the pressure entering the heaters are adjusted by adjusting the temperature and pressure reducing device 11 and the corresponding newly-added steam extraction adjusting valves 15 to 18.
For a 660MW grade ultra-supercritical unit, when a boiler is started in a cold state, when the main steam pressure of the boiler is larger than 0.5-1.5MPa, a newly-added steam extraction shutoff valve 10 is opened, parameters of superheated steam are controlled to be not higher than 1MPa and 350 ℃ after passing through a temperature and pressure reducing device 12, a deaerator heating steam source is firstly put in, namely a fourth branch pipeline, a newly-added steam extraction adjusting valve 15 of the deaerator and a newly-added steam extraction check valve 19 of the deaerator are opened, steam generated at the side of the boiler is used for heating feed water, and the temperature of the feed water of the boiler under low load is increased.
Along with the rise of the boiler pressure, when the main steam pressure is 1.5-3MPa, the parameter of the superheated steam after controlling the temperature and pressure reduction device 12 is not higher than 2MPa, 400 ℃, the heating steam source of the third high-pressure heater 2 is put into, namely the third branch pipeline, and the third-high steam-adding newly-added steam extraction adjusting valve 16 and the third-high steam-adding newly-added steam extraction check valve 20 are opened.
When the main steam pressure is 3-4.5MPa, controlling the parameter of the superheated steam after the temperature and pressure reduction device 12 to be not higher than 3MPa, and at 400 ℃, putting a heating steam source of the second high-pressure heater 3, namely putting a second branch pipeline, and opening a second-height steam extraction adjusting valve 17 and a second-height steam extraction check valve 21.
When the main steam pressure is 4.5-6MPa, the parameter of the superheated steam after the temperature and pressure reduction device 12 is controlled not to be higher than 4MPa, 450 ℃, a heating steam source of the first high-pressure heater 4 is put in, namely, a first branch pipeline is put in, and a first high-pressure steam-adding newly-added steam extraction adjusting valve 18 and a first high-pressure steam-adding newly-added steam extraction check valve 22 are opened.
Through foretell parameter control and thermodynamic system input, can realize the boiler in the start-up process, through retrieving the steam that partial boiler produced, be used for heating the feedwater, retrieve the heat, promote the start-up rate of boiler, after the feedwater temperature promotes, can improve boiler side SCR denitrification facility entry flue gas temperature.
When the boiler main steam is 5.5MPa, when 500 ℃ above, when the boiler parameter satisfies the steam turbine and dash the parameter promptly, adopt the utility model discloses a thermodynamic system and method can promote the feedwater temperature from 50~90 ℃ to 180~200 ℃ to promote SCR entry flue gas temperature 50~100 ℃, can drop into SCR denitrification facility as early as possible in the boiler start, and can realize that the unit puts into operation with full load denitration before being incorporated into the power networks.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment has the following advantages in six aspects: 1) the steam in the boiler starting process is used for directly heating the feed water, the heat and the working medium are recovered, the cold starting speed of the boiler is accelerated, and the energy loss in the unit starting process is saved; 2) in the unit starting stage, steam generated at the boiler side is used as a heating steam source of the high-pressure heater and the deaerator, so that the water temperature at the inlet of the economizer is increased, the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR denitration device is increased, the SCR denitration device can be put into the unit as early as possible, and full-load denitration is realized; 3) the steam generated by the boiler is put into the unit in the process of low load and start and stop through switching of the pipeline and the valve, the original regenerative cycle system is changed, and the recovery of heat and working media is facilitated; 4) the utility model can raise the feed water temperature no matter the subcritical steam drum boiler or the supercritical once-through boiler, and is beneficial to the washing in the starting process of the boiler and the investment of SCR denitration environmental protection facilities; 5) the technical problem that the temperature of the supplied water of the cogeneration unit is lower than the design value under the heat supply working condition is solved; 6) the utility model discloses a belong to the technical category that thermal power unit flexibility was reformed transform, to the low-load of hoisting unit with open the operation flexibility, energy-concerving and environment-protective, the increase of opening the process very favourable to external heating capacity.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A boiler thermodynamic system comprises a boiler, a high-pressure bypass, a steam turbine and a high-exhaust check valve, wherein the steam turbine comprises a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, a boiler superheater and a boiler reheater are arranged in the boiler, superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater enters the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder to do work and then enters the boiler reheater through the high-exhaust check valve; superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater further enters the boiler reheater through the high-pressure bypass, and the method is characterized in that:
the device also comprises a temperature and pressure reducing device, a deaerator, a water feeding pump and a first high-pressure heater; superheated steam generated by the boiler superheater respectively enters a deaerator and a first high-pressure heater through a temperature and pressure reducing device, the water side of the bottom of the deaerator is connected with a water feed pump, the water outlet end of the water feed pump is connected with the first high-pressure heater, and the water outlet end of the first high-pressure heater is connected with the water inlet end of the boiler economizer;
the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is sequentially connected with a first high-pressure steam-extraction adjusting valve, a first high-pressure steam-extraction check valve and a first high-pressure steam-extraction throttling shrinkage hole, and the steam exhaust end of the first high-pressure steam-extraction throttling shrinkage hole is connected with a first high-pressure heater;
the steam discharging end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is sequentially connected with a deaerator newly-increased steam extraction adjusting door, a deaerator newly-increased steam extraction check door and a deaerator newly-increased steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam discharging end of the deaerator newly-increased steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a deaerator.
2. The boiler thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein:
the device also comprises a second high-pressure heater and a third high-pressure heater;
the water inlet end of the third high-pressure heater is connected with a water feeding pump, the water outlet end of the third high-pressure heater is connected with the water inlet end of the second high-pressure heater, and the water outlet end of the second high-pressure heater is connected with the water inlet end of the first high-pressure heater;
the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is also sequentially connected with a second high steam extraction adjusting valve, a second high steam extraction check valve and a second high steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam exhaust end of the second high steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a second high-pressure heater;
the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is further sequentially connected with a third-height steam extraction adjusting valve, a third-height steam extraction check valve and a third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity, and the steam exhaust end of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage cavity is connected with a third high-pressure heater.
3. The boiler thermodynamic system according to claim 2, wherein:
the flow area of the first high-pressure steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole is larger than that of the second high-pressure steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole;
the flow area of the second-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole is larger than that of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole;
and the flow area of the third-height steam extraction throttling shrinkage hole is larger than that of the deaerator.
4. The boiler thermodynamic system according to claim 2, wherein:
the device also comprises a newly-added steam extraction shut-off valve, a pressure gauge and a thermometer;
the newly-increased steam extraction shutoff valve is connected between the steam inlet end of the temperature and pressure reducing device and the steam exhaust end of the boiler superheater;
the steam exhaust end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is connected with the first end of the pressure gauge, the second end of the pressure gauge is connected with the first end of the thermometer, and the second end of the thermometer is respectively connected with a deaerator newly-added steam extraction adjusting door, a third-height newly-added steam extraction adjusting door, a second-height newly-added steam extraction adjusting door and a first-height newly-added steam extraction adjusting door.
5. The boiler thermodynamic system according to claim 2, wherein:
the steam turbine is also provided with a first steam turbine steam extraction port, and the first steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the deaerator through the deaerator steam extraction quick-closing door and the deaerator steam extraction check door in sequence;
the steam turbine is also provided with a second steam turbine steam extraction port, and the second steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the first high-pressure heater through a first high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door and a first high-pressure steam extraction check door in sequence;
the steam turbine is also provided with a third steam turbine steam extraction port, and the third steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the second high-pressure heater through a second high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door and a second high-pressure steam extraction check door in sequence;
and a fourth steam turbine steam extraction port is further arranged on the steam turbine, and the fourth steam turbine steam extraction port is connected with the third high-pressure heater sequentially through a third high-pressure steam extraction quick-closing door and a third high-pressure steam extraction check door.
6. The boiler thermodynamic system according to claim 2, wherein:
the temperature and pressure reducing device is also provided with a temperature reducing water inlet, and the temperature reducing water inlet is at least connected with one of the water sides of the boiler, the water feeding pump, the first high-pressure heater, the second high-pressure heater and the third high-pressure heater.
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