CN210143017U - Continuous variable quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
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- CN210143017U CN210143017U CN201921588143.3U CN201921588143U CN210143017U CN 210143017 U CN210143017 U CN 210143017U CN 201921588143 U CN201921588143 U CN 201921588143U CN 210143017 U CN210143017 U CN 210143017U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a continuous variable quantum key distribution system, it includes laser instrument, coding interferometer, quantum channel, decoding interferometer and two photoelectric detector. The laser generates a pulsed optical signal for input to the encoding interferometer. The coding interferometer comprises a first optical circulator, an asymmetric optical coupler, two quarter-wave plate reflectors which are respectively coupled with the asymmetric optical coupler through a first signal arm and a local oscillator arm, an intensity modulator and a first phase modulator which are positioned on the first signal arm. The decoding interferometer is coupled with the encoding interferometer through a quantum channel and comprises a second optical circulator, a 3dB optical coupler, two quarter wave plate reflectors and a second phase modulator, wherein the two quarter wave plate reflectors are respectively coupled with the 3dB optical coupler through a second signal arm and a local vibration arm, and the second phase modulator is positioned on the second local vibration arm. Two photodetectors are used to detect the output from the decoding interferometer. The utility model provides an unstable problem that leads to because of polarization induction fading in the continuous variable quantum key distribution is used.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a secret communication technology field of optical transmission especially relates to a continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
Background
The quantum secret communication technology is a leading-edge hotspot field combining quantum physics and information science. Based on a quantum key distribution technology and a one-time pad cipher principle, quantum secret communication can realize the safe transmission of information in a public channel and can be applied to the fields of high-safety information transmission requirements such as national defense, government affairs, finance, electric power and the like.
Continuous variable quantum key distribution has attracted extensive research and attention due to its ease of fusion with conventional optical networks and the ability to achieve high key generation rates at short distances, and the associated experimental and demonstration application processes have been gradually advanced. However, for the continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on the unequal-arm interferometer scheme, when signal light pulses and local oscillator light pulses are transmitted along an optical fiber channel, due to the fact that the optical fiber channel is affected by temperature, strain, bending and the like in an actual environment, a birefringence effect is generated, so that the polarization state of the light pulses transmitted to a receiving end is randomly changed, and the signal light pulses and the local oscillator light pulses are transmitted along different arms of the interferometer and then interfered when the receiving end decodes, so that the problem of polarization-induced fading exists, the decoding interference of the signal light pulses and the local oscillator light pulses at the receiving end is unstable, and the interference stability is obviously deteriorated along with the increase of the optical fiber distance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The main object of the present invention is to provide a continuous variable quantum key distribution system, which solves the unstable problem of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system in application due to the aforementioned polarization-induced fading through the unequal arm michelson interferometer based on the quarter-wave plate reflector. Furthermore, the utility model discloses a scheme is through using asymmetric optical coupler for can prepare the signal light and the local oscillator light of suitable intensity ratio, thereby need not to use the optical attenuator or can use lower decay dynamic range's optical attenuator.
The utility model provides an at least following technical scheme:
1. a continuous variable quantum key distribution system comprises a laser, an encoding interferometer, a quantum channel, a decoding interferometer and two photodetectors, wherein,
the laser is used for generating a pulse optical signal;
the coding interferometer comprises a first optical circulator, an asymmetric optical coupler, two first quarter-wave plate reflectors which are respectively coupled with the asymmetric optical coupler through two first arms, an intensity modulator and a first phase modulator, wherein the two first arms are respectively a first signal arm and a first local vibration arm, the intensity modulator and the first phase modulator are positioned on the first signal arm,
the first optical circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port of the first optical circulator is coupled to the laser and is an input port of the coding interferometer and used for receiving a pulse optical signal generated by the laser, the second port of the first optical circulator is coupled with one port on one side of the asymmetric optical coupler, and the third port of the first optical circulator is an output port of the coding interferometer;
the asymmetric optical coupler and the two first quarter-wave plate reflectors form a coding unequal arm Michelson interferometer, wherein the pulsed optical signal received by the first port of the first optical circulator is input to the second port of the optical circulator and output from the second port of the optical circulator to the one port of the asymmetric optical coupler, the output from the asymmetric optical coupler is input to the second port of the optical circulator and output from the third port of the optical circulator as a coded optical signal output by the coding interferometer,
the asymmetric optical coupler is used for splitting the pulse optical signal input into two paths of optical signals with different light intensities, wherein the optical signal with the different light intensities, namely the signal optical pulse, is transmitted along the first signal arm, the optical signal with the high light intensity, namely the local oscillator optical pulse, is transmitted along the first local oscillator arm,
the two first quarter wave plate reflectors are respectively used for reflecting the two optical signals transmitted by the two first arms back to the asymmetric optical coupler to be output by the beam combination of the asymmetric optical coupler;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the signal light pulse transmitted by the first signal arm;
the first phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on signal light pulses transmitted by the first signal arm where the first phase modulator is located;
each signal cycle of the coded optical signal output by the coded interferometer comprises a signal light pulse and a local oscillator light pulse,
the quantum channel is coupled between an output port of the encoding interferometer and an input port of the decoding interferometer for transmitting the encoded optical signal output from the encoding interferometer to the decoding interferometer;
the decoding interferometer comprises a second optical circulator, a 3dB optical coupler, two second quarter wave plate reflectors and a second phase modulator, wherein the two second quarter wave plate reflectors and the second phase modulator are respectively coupled with the 3dB optical coupler through two second arms which are respectively a second signal arm and a second local vibration arm,
the second optical circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port of the second optical circulator is coupled to the quantum channel, is an input port of the decoding interferometer, and is used for receiving the coded optical signal transmitted by the quantum channel, the second port of the second optical circulator is connected with one port on one side of the 3dB optical coupler, the third port of the second optical circulator is one output port of the decoding interferometer, and the other port on one side of the 3dB optical coupler is the other output port of the decoding interferometer;
the 3dB optical coupler and the two second quarter wave plate mirrors form a decoding unequal arm Michelson interferometer, wherein the coded optical signal received by the first port of the second optical circulator is input to the second port of the second optical circulator and output from the second port of the second optical circulator to the 3dB optical coupler, and the output from the one port on the one side of the 3dB optical coupler is input to the second port of the optical circulator and output from the third port of the optical circulator;
the 3dB optical coupler is used for splitting each of signal light pulses and local oscillation light pulses contained in the coded optical signal input to the 3dB optical coupler into two paths of optical signals with the same light intensity so as to transmit the two paths of optical signals along the second signal arm and the second local oscillation arm respectively;
the two second quarter-wave plate reflectors are respectively used for reflecting the two optical signals transmitted by the two second arms back to the 3dB optical coupler to be combined and output by the 3dB optical coupler;
the second phase modulator is positioned at the front end of the 3dB optical coupler or on the second local vibration arm and is used for carrying out phase modulation on one optical signal of two optical signals which are transmitted through the optical path where the second phase modulator is positioned and are obtained by splitting local vibration optical pulses contained in the coded optical signal,
the two photodetectors are respectively connected with a third port of the second optical circulator and the other port on the side of the 3dB optical coupler,
wherein each of the first and second quarter wave plate mirrors includes a quarter wave plate and a mirror integrally formed with the quarter wave plate at a rear end of the quarter wave plate.
2. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of scheme 1, wherein the continuous variable quantum key distribution system further comprises an optical attenuator located on the first signal arm.
3. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of scheme 1, wherein the asymmetric optical coupler is a polarization maintaining optical coupler.
4. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of scheme 1 or 3, wherein the asymmetric optical coupler is a 99:1 optical coupler.
5. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the two first arms are polarization maintaining fibers.
6. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of scheme 1, wherein the 3dB optical coupler is a polarization maintaining optical coupler.
7. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the two second arms are polarization maintaining fibers.
8. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the difference in arm length between the two first arms is the same as the difference in arm length between the two second arms.
9. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to scheme 1, wherein,
the first signal arm is a long arm of the encoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer, and the second local vibration arm is a long arm of the decoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer; or
The first signal arm is a short arm of the encoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer, and the second local vibrating arm is a short arm of the decoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer.
10. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to scheme 1, wherein,
the coded unequal-arm michelson interferometer comprises a first phase shifter located in either of the two first arms; and/or
The decoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer includes a second phase shifter located in either of the two second arms.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention. For the purposes of clarity and simplicity, a detailed description of known functions and configurations of devices described herein will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
The utility model discloses a continuous variable quantum key distribution system of preferred embodiment is shown in fig. 1, includes following component parts: laser 101, encoding interferometer, quantum channel 108, decoding interferometer, two photodetectors 114 and 115.
The laser 101 is used to generate pulsed optical signals.
The encoding interferometer comprises an optical circulator 102, an asymmetric optical coupler 103, an intensity modulator 104, a phase modulator 105, two quarter wave plate mirrors 106 and 107. The optical circulator 102 includes three ports, port a, port B, and port C. An optical signal input from port a of the optical circulator 102 is output through port B of the optical circulator 102, and an optical signal input from port B of the optical circulator 102 is output through port C of the optical circulator 102. The port B of the optical circulator 102 is connected to one port on one side of the asymmetric optical coupler 103, and one port on the other side of the asymmetric optical coupler 103 is connected to the quarter-wave plate mirror 106 via the first arm. The intensity modulator 104 and the phase modulator 105 are located on the first arm. The other port on the other side of the asymmetric optical coupler 103 is connected to the quarter-wave plate mirror 107 via the third arm. The first arm and the third arm are polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission optical paths.
The decoding interferometer comprises an optical circulator 109, a 3dB optical coupler 110, a phase modulator 111, two quarter wave plate mirrors 112 and 113. Optical circulator 109 includes three ports, port D, port E, and port F, respectively. An optical signal input from port D of the optical circulator 109 is output through port E of the optical circulator 109, and an optical signal input from port E of the optical circulator 109 is output through port F of the optical circulator 109. The port E of the optical circulator 109 is connected to one port on one side of the 3dB optical coupler 110, and one port on the other side of the 3dB optical coupler 110 is connected to the quarter-wave plate mirror 112 via the second arm. The phase modulator 111 is located on the second arm. The other port of the other side of the 3dB optical coupler 110 is connected to the quarter wave plate mirror 113 via the fourth arm. The second arm and the fourth arm are polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission optical paths.
The quantum channel 108 may be an optical transmission channel formed by any one or more of an optical fiber, free space, optical waveguide, discrete optical element.
The laser 101 is connected to port a of the optical circulator 102, port C of the optical circulator 102 is connected to port D of the optical circulator 109, and port C of the quantum channel 108 is connected to port C of the quantum channel 108. The photodetector 114 is connected to the port F of the optical circulator 109, and the photodetector 115 is connected to the other port on the side of the 3dB optical coupler 110.
Each of the quarter-wave plate mirrors 106, 107, 112, and 113 includes a quarter-wave plate and a mirror integrally formed with the quarter-wave plate at a rear end of the quarter-wave plate. The included angle between the polarization direction of one of the two orthogonal polarization states of the light pulse input into each quarter-wave plate reflector and the fast axis or the slow axis of the quarter-wave plate of the reflector is 45 degrees, or the included angle between the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber of each arm of the first arm, the third arm, the second arm and the fourth arm and the fast axis or the slow axis of the quarter-wave plate reflector connected with the arm is 45 degrees.
In operation, a pulsed optical signal generated by the laser 101 is input to the encoding interferometer through port a of the optical circulator 102. The pulsed optical signal input from the port a of the optical circulator 102 is output from the port B of the optical circulator 102 to the asymmetric optical coupler 103. The asymmetric optical coupler 103 splits the input pulse optical signal into a signal optical pulse with weak optical intensity and a local oscillator optical pulse with strong optical intensity. The signal light pulse travels along the first arm and is intensity modulated by the intensity modulator 104 and phase modulated by the phase modulator 105, then travels to the quarter wave plate mirror 106 and is reflected by the quarter wave plate mirror 106 back to the asymmetric optical coupler 103. The local oscillator light pulse is transmitted along the third arm to the quarter wave plate mirror 107 and reflected by the quarter wave plate mirror 107 back to the asymmetric optical coupler 103. The asymmetric optical coupler 103 outputs the encoded optical pulse formed by combining the reflected signal optical pulse and the local oscillator optical pulse to the port B of the optical circulator 102, and outputs the encoded optical pulse to the quantum channel 108 through the port C of the optical circulator 102. The encoded light pulses are transmitted to the decoding interferometer via quantum channel 108.
The encoded optical pulses transmitted by the quantum channel 108 are input to the decoding interferometer via port D of the optical circulator 109. The encoded optical pulses input from port D of optical circulator 109 are output by port E of optical circulator 109 to 3dB optical coupler 110. Each signal cycle of the encoded light pulses comprises a signal light pulse and a local oscillator light pulse, wherein the signal light pulse precedes the local oscillator light pulse or follows the local oscillator light pulse. The 3dB optical coupler 110 splits each of the signal optical pulse and the local oscillator optical pulse included in the input encoded optical pulse into two optical pulses with the same intensity. One of the two optical pulses is transmitted along the second arm, phase-modulated by the phase modulator 111, transmitted to the quarter-wave plate mirror 112, and reflected back to the 3dB optical coupler 110 by the quarter-wave plate mirror 112. The other of the two optical pulses is transmitted along the fourth arm to the quarter-wave plate mirror 113 and reflected by the quarter-wave plate mirror 113 back to the 3dB optical coupler 110. The 3dB optical coupler 110 outputs the decoded optical pulses formed by combining the two reflected optical signals to port E of the optical circulator 109 and to the photodetector 114 via port F of the optical circulator 109, and outputs the decoded optical pulses to the photodetector 115 via the other port on the side of the 3dB optical coupler. As far as the phase modulator 111 performs phase modulation, alternatively, the phase modulator 111 may perform phase modulation on only one of the two optical signals split by the local oscillation optical pulse included in the encoded optical pulse.
Wherein the delay time generated by the arm length difference of the first arm and the third arm is the same as the delay time generated by the arm length difference of the second arm and the fourth arm. If the first arm is a long arm and the third arm is a short arm, the second arm is a long arm and the fourth arm is a short arm; if the first arm is a short arm and the third arm is a long arm, the second arm is a short arm and the fourth arm is a long arm.
Herein, the term "polarization maintaining fiber transmission optical path" refers to an optical path formed by connecting polarization maintaining fibers or an optical path formed by transmitting light pulses by using polarization maintaining fibers.
The foregoing description should be read as providing a more thorough and detailed understanding of the present invention, which is to be considered as being suitable for the purpose of illustration and description, and is not intended to limit the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A continuous variable quantum key distribution system comprises a laser, an encoding interferometer, a quantum channel, a decoding interferometer and two photodetectors, wherein,
the laser is used for generating a pulse optical signal;
the coding interferometer comprises a first optical circulator, an asymmetric optical coupler, two first quarter-wave plate reflectors which are respectively coupled with the asymmetric optical coupler through two first arms, an intensity modulator and a first phase modulator, wherein the two first arms are respectively a first signal arm and a first local vibration arm, the intensity modulator and the first phase modulator are positioned on the first signal arm,
the first optical circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port of the first optical circulator is coupled to the laser and is an input port of the coding interferometer and used for receiving a pulse optical signal generated by the laser, the second port of the first optical circulator is coupled with one port on one side of the asymmetric optical coupler, and the third port of the first optical circulator is an output port of the coding interferometer;
the asymmetric optical coupler and the two first quarter-wave plate reflectors form a coding unequal arm Michelson interferometer, wherein the pulsed optical signal received by the first port of the first optical circulator is input to the second port of the optical circulator and output from the second port of the optical circulator to the one port of the asymmetric optical coupler, the output from the asymmetric optical coupler is input to the second port of the optical circulator and output from the third port of the optical circulator as a coded optical signal output by the coding interferometer,
the asymmetric optical coupler is used for splitting the pulse optical signal input into two paths of optical signals with different light intensities, wherein the optical signal with the different light intensities, namely the signal optical pulse, is transmitted along the first signal arm, the optical signal with the high light intensity, namely the local oscillator optical pulse, is transmitted along the first local oscillator arm,
the two first quarter wave plate reflectors are respectively used for reflecting the two optical signals transmitted by the two first arms back to the asymmetric optical coupler to be output by the beam combination of the asymmetric optical coupler;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the signal light pulse transmitted by the first signal arm;
the first phase modulator is used for carrying out phase modulation on signal light pulses transmitted by the first signal arm where the first phase modulator is located;
each signal cycle of the coded optical signal output by the coded interferometer comprises a signal light pulse and a local oscillator light pulse,
the quantum channel is coupled between an output port of the encoding interferometer and an input port of the decoding interferometer for transmitting the encoded optical signal output from the encoding interferometer to the decoding interferometer;
the decoding interferometer comprises a second optical circulator, a 3dB optical coupler, two second quarter wave plate reflectors and a second phase modulator, wherein the two second quarter wave plate reflectors and the second phase modulator are respectively coupled with the 3dB optical coupler through two second arms which are respectively a second signal arm and a second local vibration arm,
the second optical circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port of the second optical circulator is coupled to the quantum channel, is an input port of the decoding interferometer, and is used for receiving the coded optical signal transmitted by the quantum channel, the second port of the second optical circulator is connected with one port on one side of the 3dB optical coupler, the third port of the second optical circulator is one output port of the decoding interferometer, and the other port on one side of the 3dB optical coupler is the other output port of the decoding interferometer;
the 3dB optical coupler and the two second quarter wave plate mirrors form a decoding unequal arm Michelson interferometer, wherein the coded optical signal received by the first port of the second optical circulator is input to the second port of the second optical circulator and output from the second port of the second optical circulator to the 3dB optical coupler, and the output from the one port on the one side of the 3dB optical coupler is input to the second port of the optical circulator and output from the third port of the optical circulator;
the 3dB optical coupler is used for splitting each of signal light pulses and local oscillation light pulses contained in the coded optical signal input to the 3dB optical coupler into two paths of optical signals with the same light intensity so as to transmit the two paths of optical signals along the second signal arm and the second local oscillation arm respectively;
the two second quarter-wave plate reflectors are respectively used for reflecting the two optical signals transmitted by the two second arms back to the 3dB optical coupler to be combined and output by the 3dB optical coupler;
the second phase modulator is positioned at the front end of the 3dB optical coupler or on the second local vibration arm and is used for carrying out phase modulation on one optical signal of two optical signals which are transmitted through the optical path where the second phase modulator is positioned and are obtained by splitting local vibration optical pulses contained in the coded optical signal,
the two photodetectors are respectively connected with a third port of the second optical circulator and the other port on the side of the 3dB optical coupler,
wherein each of the first and second quarter wave plate mirrors includes a quarter wave plate and a mirror integrally formed with the quarter wave plate at a rear end of the quarter wave plate.
2. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the continuous variable quantum key distribution system further comprises an optical attenuator located on the first signal arm.
3. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the asymmetric optical coupler is a polarization maintaining optical coupler.
4. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1 or 3, wherein the asymmetric optical coupler is a 99:1 optical coupler.
5. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the two first arms are polarization maintaining fibers.
6. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the 3dB optical coupler is a polarization maintaining optical coupler.
7. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the two second arms are polarization maintaining fibers.
8. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1, wherein the difference in arm length of the two first arms is the same as the difference in arm length of the two second arms.
9. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1,
the first signal arm is a long arm of the encoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer, and the second local vibration arm is a long arm of the decoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer; or
The first signal arm is a short arm of the encoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer, and the second local vibrating arm is a short arm of the decoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer.
10. The continuous variable quantum key distribution system of claim 1,
the coded unequal-arm michelson interferometer comprises a first phase shifter located in either of the two first arms; and/or
The decoding unequal-arm michelson interferometer includes a second phase shifter located in either of the two second arms.
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