CN210065855U - Gas cooling device and vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a gas cooling device and for thermal treatment vacuum oil quenching stove relates to thermal treatment technical field, this gas cooling device, the device comprises a device body, fan assembly and cooling module, the device body is provided with the division board, the division board is separated into isolation cavity and transition cavity with the device body, the opening has been seted up on the division board, the fan assembly holding is in the transition cavity and set up the top at the through-hole that flows, the cooling module holding is in isolation cavity and set up the below at the through-hole that flows, still be provided with a plurality of cooling tube in the isolation cavity, the one end of every cooling tube is passed the division board and is linked together with the transition cavity, every cooling tube's the other end and isolation cavity intercommunication. Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a pair of gas cooling device can cool off through gaseous, can guarantee that the work piece cools off back high quality, and the cooling effect is good simultaneously, and cooling efficiency is high.

Description

Gas cooling device and vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a heat treatment technical field particularly, relates to a gas cooling device and vacuum oil quenching stove for heat treatment.

Background

The vacuum furnace is used as one of the updated equipment of the equipment in the heat treatment industry, the important reasons are that the surface of the product part processed by the vacuum furnace is bright, little and no oxidation exists, the performance is good, the precision is high, the energy conservation, consumption reduction and pollution reduction are easy to realize in the production and operation of the vacuum furnace, the vacuum furnace belongs to clean production equipment, and the requirements of current environmental protection are met. The oil molecules in the vacuum are few, and the free path of the molecules is large, so that light rare metals, refractory metals, rare metals, other special alloy materials and the like which cannot be obtained under normal pressure can be produced.

In the prior art, quenching operation is usually directly carried out by quenching oil, so that workpieces can be rapidly cooled. After the workpiece is heated by a vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment, some products have higher requirements on the surface color, and if the workpiece is quenched by quenching oil, the surface color of the workpiece loses brightness. Other products may cause cracking during oil quenching.

In view of the above, it is important to design and manufacture a gas cooling device that can ensure good quality of a cooled workpiece and high operation efficiency of equipment by cooling the workpiece with gas.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a gas cooling device cools off through gaseous, can guarantee that the work piece cools off back high quality, and equipment operating efficiency is high simultaneously.

Another object of the utility model is to provide a vacuum oil quenching stove for heat treatment can guarantee that the work piece cooling back is of high quality through oil quenching or gas cooling selectively.

The utility model is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The utility model provides a gas cooling device, the device comprises a device body, fan assembly and cooling module, the device body is provided with the division board, the division board separates into isolation cavity and transition cavity with the device body, it is used for the holding work piece to keep apart the cavity, the opening has been seted up on the division board, fan assembly holding sets up in the transition cavity and sets up the top at the through-hole that flows, be used for the extraction to keep apart the interior gas of cavity, the cooling module holding is in isolation cavity and set up the below at the through-hole that flows, still be provided with a plurality of cooling tube in the isolation cavity, the one end of every cooling tube passes the division board and communicates with the transition cavity, the other end and the isolation cavity intercommunication of every.

Further, each cooling pipeline extends downwards from the partition plate, and a flow guide shell used for guiding airflow to the workpiece is arranged at the bottom end of each cooling pipeline.

Further, fan unit includes cooling fan, cooling motor and mounting bracket, and the mounting bracket setting is at the top of transition cavity, and the cooling motor setting is on the mounting bracket, and the output shaft of cooling motor stretches into the transition cavity, and cooling fan sets up in the top of flow through hole and is connected with output shaft transmission.

Furthermore, the cooling fan is a centrifugal fan, and the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan corresponds to the circulation hole.

Further, the cooling module includes a heat exchanger and a mounting cylinder detachably attached to a lower side of the partition plate and communicating with the circulation hole, the heat exchanger being disposed in the mounting cylinder.

Further, heat exchanger includes that cooling tube, cooling water advance pipe and cooling water exit tube, and the cooling tube is snakelike arranging in the installation section of thick bamboo, and the cooling water advances the pipe and all is connected with the cooling tube with the cooling water exit tube.

Furthermore, the cooling assembly also comprises a wind collecting cover which is arranged below the mounting cylinder and used for collecting gas around the workpiece.

Furthermore, a cooling gas inlet pipe is further arranged on the device body and extends into the isolation chamber, and the cooling gas inlet pipe is used for providing cooling gas for the isolation chamber.

Furthermore, a workpiece support frame is further arranged in the isolation chamber, and the workpiece support frame is arranged below the cooling assembly and used for bearing the workpiece.

A vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment comprises an oil quenching device and a gas cooling device, wherein the oil quenching device is connected with a device body.

The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

the utility model provides a pair of gas cooling device through setting up the division board, at this internal isolation cavity that forms of device, sets up fan assembly in the top of flowing through the hole simultaneously, and cooling module sets up in the below of flowing through the hole, keeps apart the cooling tube who still is provided with a plurality of extensions to division board in the cavity. When in actual use, put into the isolation cavity with the work piece in, start fan assembly, the gas in the isolation cavity is under fan assembly's extraction effect, flow out to the transition cavity by the opening behind the cooling module, gaseous cooling behind the cooling module, let in the cooling tube under fan assembly's effect, and reentrant isolation cavity along the cooling tube, and blow off cooling gas to the work piece, thereby can show the temperature that reduces the work piece, and the steam after with the work piece heat exchange can flow out the opening behind the cooling module once more, thereby form gas circulation, effectively and cool off the work piece continuously. Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a pair of gas cooling device can cool off through gaseous, can guarantee that the work piece cools off back high quality, and the cooling effect is good simultaneously, and cooling efficiency is high.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a gas cooling device provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first partial structure of a gas cooling device provided by the present invention;

fig. 3 is a second partial structural schematic view of the gas cooling device provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of IV in FIG. 1.

Icon: 100-a gas cooling device; 110-the device body; 111-a workpiece support; 130-a fan assembly; 131-a cooling fan; 133-cooling the motor; 135-a mounting frame; 150-a cooling assembly; 151-heat exchanger; 1511-cooling tube; 1513-cooling water inlet pipe; 1515-cooling water outlet pipe; 153-mounting a cartridge; 155-air collecting cover; 170-a partition plate; 171-a transition chamber; 173-an isolation chamber; 180-cooling the pipeline; 181-air guide shell; 183-diversion holes; 190-cooling gas inlet pipe; 191-an air inlet butterfly valve; 200-oil quenching device.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship that the products of the present invention are usually placed when in use, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the term refers must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Features in the embodiments described below may be combined with each other without conflict.

The vacuum furnace is used as one of the updated equipment of the equipment in the heat treatment industry, the important reasons are that the surface of the product part processed by the vacuum furnace is bright, little and no oxidation exists, the performance is good, the precision is high, the energy conservation, consumption reduction and pollution reduction are easy to realize in the production and operation of the vacuum furnace, the vacuum furnace belongs to clean production equipment, and the requirements of current environmental protection are met. The oil molecules in the vacuum are few, and the free path of the molecules is large, so that light rare metals, refractory metals, rare metals, other special alloy materials and the like which cannot be obtained under normal pressure can be produced.

Compared with the traditional metallurgy, the vacuum metallurgy has the advantages of low energy consumption, high recovery rate, no pollution, good economic benefit and the like, so that the vacuum metallurgy is more and more emphasized by people. The development of vacuum metallurgical processes, however, is largely dependent on the development of vacuum smelting equipment. With the continuous development of vacuum metallurgy technology, vacuum smelting equipment needs to be continuously perfected, the automation degree is improved, and the vacuum smelting equipment is developed towards intellectualization and integration. The temperature is an important process parameter for metal smelting, and the quality of a product is often determined by accurately controlling the temperature in the metal smelting process. With the development of electronics, computers and network technologies, automation control systems have gone through combined analog control systems, centralized digital control systems, distributed control systems, and have evolved into fieldbus control systems and ethernet systems. The development of control systems is in the direction of decentralization, networking and intellectualization. Particularly, the networking trend in the aspects of production process automation, instrument monitoring and diagnosis and the like is the most remarkable. Distributed control means that a local computer monitors and controls remote equipment through a network system, including data acquisition, monitoring and maintenance of the equipment. The distributed control of the system is one of the key technologies for safe and stable operation of large-scale equipment, and is also the basis for improving the working efficiency and reliability of an electromechanical system and carrying out predictive maintenance and predictive management.

After the workpiece is heated by a vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment, some products have higher requirements on surface color, and if the workpiece is quenched by quenching oil, the surface color loses brightness. In addition, some products can crack in the oil quenching process, and the good effect can be achieved by gas cooling. If the production line of reintroducing the gas quenching furnace has higher cost, the novel gas cooling device in the oil quenching furnace can well solve the problem. The gas cooling or oil quenching can be switched according to the requirements of the product per se.

First embodiment

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a gas cooling apparatus 100 installed on an oil quenching furnace for heat treatment and connected to an oil quenching apparatus 200, wherein a workpiece can be selectively fed into the gas cooling apparatus 100 and the oil quenching apparatus 200, and switched to gas cooling or oil quenching according to the requirements of the product. When the workpiece is cooled by the gas cooling device 100, the surface quality of the workpiece can be ensured, the phenomenon that the surface is extended to lose brightness or crack is avoided, and the product quality is improved. Meanwhile, the gas cooling device 100 can continuously and efficiently cool the workpiece, and compared with a separately arranged gas quenching furnace, the cooling efficiency is high.

The gas cooling device 100 provided by the embodiment comprises a device body 110, a fan assembly 130 and a cooling assembly 150, wherein the device body 110 is provided with a partition plate 170, the partition plate 170 divides the device body 110 into an isolation chamber 173 and a transition chamber 171, the isolation chamber 173 is used for accommodating a workpiece, the partition plate 170 is provided with a flow hole, the fan assembly 130 is accommodated in the transition chamber 171 and arranged above the flow hole and used for extracting gas in the isolation chamber 173, the cooling assembly 150 is accommodated in the isolation chamber 173 and arranged below the flow hole, the isolation chamber 173 is further provided with a plurality of cooling pipes 1511, one end of each cooling pipe 1511 penetrates through the partition plate 170 and is communicated with the transition chamber 171, and the other end of each cooling pipe 1511 is communicated with the isolation chamber 173 and used for blowing gas to the workpiece.

In the present embodiment, a workpiece support bracket 111 is further disposed in the isolation chamber 173, and the workpiece support bracket 111 is disposed below the cooling assembly 150 for supporting the workpiece.

In the present embodiment, the apparatus body 110 is a cylindrical pressure vessel, and the partition plate 170 is hermetically connected to the inner wall of the apparatus body 110, so that the isolation chamber 173 and the rest of the apparatus body 110 are isolated from each other. In practical use, a workpiece is placed into the isolation chamber 173, the fan assembly 130 is started, gas in the isolation chamber 173 flows out from the circulation hole after passing through the cooling assembly 150 under the pumping action of the fan assembly 130, the gas is cooled after passing through the cooling assembly 150, the gas is introduced into the cooling pipe 1511 under the action of the fan assembly 130 and reenters the isolation chamber 173 along the cooling pipe 1511, and the cooling gas is blown out of the workpiece, so that the temperature of the workpiece can be remarkably reduced, and hot gas after heat exchange with the workpiece can flow out of the circulation hole after passing through the cooling assembly 150 again, so that gas circulation is formed, and the workpiece is effectively and continuously cooled.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the flow through holes are a plurality of through holes in a honeycomb shape, and the plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed in the middle of the partition plate 170.

In this embodiment, a transition chamber 171 is formed between the partition plate 170 and the top of the device body 110, both ends of the flow hole communicate with the separation chamber 173 and the transition chamber 171, respectively, each cooling pipe 1511 communicates with the transition chamber 171, and the fan assembly 130 is disposed in the transition chamber 171. The gas drawn from the isolation chamber 173 by the fan assembly 130 flows into the transition chamber 171 and along the cooling tube 1511 back to the isolation chamber 173, thereby achieving circulation of the gas.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, there are four cooling pipes 1511, four cooling pipes 1511 are respectively disposed in the front, rear, left, and right directions of the flow through hole, and the cooling pipes 1511 extend to the edge of the partition plate 170, so as to avoid air flow interference between the cooling pipes and the flow through hole. Specifically, each cooling tube 1511 is extended downwards by the partition plate 170, a flow guide shell for guiding the airflow to the workpiece is arranged at the bottom end of each cooling tube 1511, a plurality of flow guide holes 183 are formed in the flow guide shell, the flow guide holes 183 are corresponding to the workpiece, and the gas in each cooling tube 1511 is sprayed out through the flow guide holes 183 and blown to the workpiece to continuously cool the workpiece.

In this embodiment, the apparatus body 110 is further provided with a cooling gas inlet pipe 190, and the cooling gas inlet pipe 190 extends into the isolation chamber 173 for supplying cooling gas to the isolation chamber 173. Specifically, the cooling gas inlet pipe 190 is connected to an external gas pump for introducing a gas such as nitrogen gas, which does not react with the workpiece, into the isolation chamber 173. And a gas inlet butterfly valve 191 is arranged on the cooling gas inlet pipe 190 and used for controlling the gas inlet amount.

It should be noted that the oil quenching furnace for heat treatment in this embodiment is a vacuum furnace body, that is, after the workpiece is heated in the heating furnace, the workpiece is moved from the heating chamber to the isolation chamber 173 by the material taking machine, at this time, the intermediate door is closed, the intake butterfly valve 191 is opened, the cooling medium nitrogen is filled into the isolation chamber 173, the pressure of the isolation chamber 173 changes from the nearly vacuum state to a pressure of 1.5 to 2bar, after the pressure value of the isolation chamber 173 reaches a predetermined value, the intake butterfly valve 191 is closed, the fan assembly 130 is opened, the hot air around the workpiece in the isolation chamber 173 is sucked into the transition chamber 171 from the circulation hole, before passing through the circulation hole, the hot air exchanges heat with the cooling assembly 150, and enters the transition chamber 171 after changing into a cold air flow, and then flows back to the isolation chamber 173 through the cooling pipe 1511 and blows on the workpiece, and the. Because the cooling component 150 can quickly take away heat, the workpiece is cooled by gas in the shortest time, the surface of the workpiece made in the way is bright in color and not easy to crack, and the product quality is ensured.

The fan assembly 130 includes a cooling fan 131, a cooling motor 133, and a mounting bracket 135, the mounting bracket 135 is disposed on the top of the transition chamber 171, the cooling motor 133 is disposed on the mounting bracket 135, an output shaft of the cooling motor 133 extends into the transition chamber 171, and the cooling fan 131 is disposed above the flow through hole and is in transmission connection with the output shaft.

In this embodiment, the cooling fan 131 is a centrifugal fan, and the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan corresponds to the flow hole. When the cooling fan 131 rotates, the air flow in the isolation chamber 173 is drawn into the transition chamber 171, and is thrown around while running at a high speed, and is blown out from both sides of the workpiece to circulate until the workpiece is completely cooled.

In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cooling fan 131 may also be a common axial fan, which draws the air flow into the transition chamber 171, and the air flow in the transition chamber 171 naturally flows into the cooling pipe 1511 under the pressure effect to circulate, and can also cool the workpiece quickly.

The cooling module 150 includes a heat exchanger 151, a mounting cylinder 153 and a wind collecting cover 155, the mounting cylinder 153 is detachably coupled to a lower side of the partition plate 170 and communicates with the circulation hole, and the heat exchanger 151 is disposed in the mounting cylinder 153. The air collection cover 155 is provided below the mounting cylinder 153, and collects air around the workpiece.

In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 151 includes a cooling pipe 1511, a cooling water inlet pipe 1513 and a cooling water outlet pipe 1515, the cooling pipe 1511 is arranged in the installation cylinder 153 in a serpentine shape, and both the cooling water inlet pipe 1513 and the cooling water outlet pipe 1515 are connected to the cooling pipe 1511. Specifically, the cooling pipe 1511 is filled with cooling water, and is connected to an external water tank through a cooling water inlet pipe 1513 and a cooling water outlet pipe 1515, so that heat exchange between the hot air flow around the workpiece and the cooling water can be performed rapidly.

In this embodiment, the wind-collecting cover 155 is disposed above the workpiece and fixed to the mounting cylinder 153 by bolts, and the upper end of the mounting cylinder 153 extends to the through-hole, so that the hot air around the workpiece can pass through the wind-collecting cover 155 and the mounting cylinder 153 in sequence and then be pumped into the transition chamber 171 through the through-hole. Wherein, in the installation cylinder 153, the hot air flow exchanges heat with the cooling water in the cooling pipe 1511, and the heat is rapidly taken away by the cooling water.

In summary, in the gas cooling apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the cooling motor 133 is used as a power source, the centrifugal fan sucks the heat-exchanged gas in the isolation chamber 173 and throws the gas out along the periphery, and the gas is introduced into the cooling pipe 1511 and flows into the isolation chamber 173 again to cool the workpiece, so as to achieve the purpose of forced gas cooling. The cooling pipe 1511 is used for realizing forced circulation airflow of the isolation chamber 173, and the cooling quality of the workpiece gas is more effectively ensured. Compared with the prior art, the gas cooling device 100 provided by the embodiment can ensure good quality of products, improve the operation efficiency of equipment, ensure the safety and prolong the service life of the equipment.

Second embodiment

With reference to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment, which includes an oil quenching device 200 and a gas cooling device 100, wherein the basic structure and principle of the gas cooling device 100 and the technical effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment, and for the sake of brief description, reference may be made to the corresponding contents of the first embodiment where nothing is mentioned in the present embodiment.

The gas cooling device 100 comprises a device body 110, a fan assembly 130 and a cooling assembly 150, wherein the device body 110 is provided with a partition plate 170, the partition plate 170 divides the device body 110 into an isolation chamber 173 and a transition chamber 171, the isolation chamber 173 is used for accommodating workpieces, a circulation hole is formed in the partition plate 170, the fan assembly 130 is accommodated in the transition chamber 171 and arranged above the circulation hole and used for extracting gas in the isolation chamber 173, the cooling assembly 150 is accommodated in the isolation chamber 173 and arranged below the circulation hole, a plurality of cooling pipes 1511 are further arranged in the isolation chamber 173, one end of each cooling pipe 1511 penetrates through the partition plate 170 and is communicated with the transition chamber 171, and the other end of each cooling pipe 1511 is communicated with the isolation chamber 173 and used for blowing gas to the workpieces. The oil quenching apparatus 200 is connected to the apparatus body 110.

In this embodiment, the quenching oil is filled in the oil quenching apparatus 200, and in the actual cooling, the work may be selectively sent into the isolation chamber 173 or into the oil quenching apparatus 200 by the material taking machine, so that the quenching oil or the cooling gas may be selectively used for cooling.

The vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the gas cooling device 100 is arranged on the oil quenching device 200, the additional arrangement of the gas quenching furnace is avoided, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, and the heat treatment efficiency is improved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a gas cooling device, its characterized in that, includes device body, fan subassembly and cooling module, the device body is provided with the division board, the division board will the device body is separated into isolation cavity and transition cavity, isolation cavity is used for the holding work piece, the circulation hole has been seted up on the division board, the fan subassembly holding is in the transition cavity and set up the top of circulation hole is used for extracting gas in the isolation cavity, the cooling module holding is in the isolation cavity and set up the below of circulation hole, still be provided with a plurality of cooling tube in the isolation cavity, every the one end of cooling tube passes the division board and with transition cavity intercommunication, every the other end of cooling tube with isolation cavity intercommunication is used for to the work piece gas blowing.

2. The gas cooling device of claim 1, wherein the fan assembly comprises a cooling fan, a cooling motor, and a mounting bracket, the mounting bracket is disposed at the top of the transition chamber, the cooling motor is disposed on the mounting bracket, and an output shaft of the cooling motor extends into the transition chamber, the cooling fan is disposed above the flow hole and is in driving connection with the output shaft.

3. The gas cooling device according to claim 2, wherein the cooling fan is a centrifugal fan, and an air inlet end of the centrifugal fan corresponds to the flow hole.

4. The gas cooling device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling module includes a heat exchanger and a mounting cylinder detachably coupled to a lower side of the partition plate and communicating with the circulation hole, the heat exchanger being provided in the mounting cylinder.

5. The gas cooling device according to claim 4, wherein the heat exchanger includes a cooling pipe, a cooling water inlet pipe, and a cooling water outlet pipe, the cooling pipe is arranged in the installation cylinder in a serpentine shape, and the cooling water inlet pipe and the cooling water outlet pipe are connected to the cooling pipe.

6. A gas cooling device according to claim 4, wherein the cooling assembly further comprises a wind collection hood disposed below the mounting canister for collecting gas around the workpiece.

7. A gas cooling device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the device body is further provided with a cooling gas inlet pipe which extends into the isolation chamber for providing cooling gas to the isolation chamber.

8. The gas cooling device according to claim 1, wherein each of the cooling ducts is downwardly extended by the partition plate, and a bottom end of the cooling duct is provided with a guide housing for guiding a gas flow toward the work.

9. The gas cooling device of claim 1, wherein a workpiece support is further disposed within the isolated chamber, the workpiece support being disposed below the cooling assembly for carrying the workpiece.

10. A vacuum oil quenching furnace for heat treatment, comprising an oil quenching device and a gas cooling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the oil quenching device is connected with the device body.

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