CN210038131U

CN210038131U - Initial magnetization curve and hysteresis loop measuring device of ferromagnetic material with replaceable sample

Info

Publication number: CN210038131U
Application number: CN201920401319.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆申龙; 张晨波
Original assignee: Shanghai Fudan Tianxin Science & Educational Instrument Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Fudan Tianxin Science & Educational Instrument Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-27
Filing date: 2019-03-27
Publication date: 2020-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-03-27

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the physical experiment device, concretely relates to ferromagnetic material initial magnetization curve and hysteresis loop measuring device of removable sample. The method comprises the following steps: a U-shaped sample, a strip-shaped sample, a bolt, a coil, a direct-current adjustable power supply, an ammeter, a double-pole double-throw switch and a teslameter; the U-shaped sample and the strip-shaped sample are made of the same ferromagnetic material, the lengths of two arms of the U-shaped sample are slightly different, the strip-shaped sample is a cuboid, and the U-shaped sample and the strip-shaped sample can be assembled into a magnetic loop with a gap by using the same ferromagnetic material or a nonmagnetic bolt; the coil is hollow, the number of turns is known, and the coil can be sleeved on a longer arm of a U-shaped sample; the direct-current adjustable power supply provides adjustable exciting current for the coil; the current meter is used for measuring the size of the exciting current; the double-pole double-throw switch is used for switching the direction of the exciting current; the probe of the teslameter can be inserted into the assembled sample gap to measure its magnetic induction. The utility model discloses simple structure, low cost is convenient for make.

Description

Initial magnetization curve and hysteresis loop measuring device of ferromagnetic material with replaceable sample

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the physics experimental facilities, concretely relates to ferromagnetic material initial magnetization curve and hysteresis loop measuring device of removable sample.

Background

The magnetization curve represents the magnetic field strength H in a substance and the induced magnetic induction B, a material in a magnetic neutral state is placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field strength monotonically increases from zero, when the magnetic field strength increases to a certain value, the magnetic induction does not increase any more, but tends to a saturated state, and the obtained magnetization curve is called as an initial magnetization curve. The hysteresis loop represents the closed magnetization curve of the hysteresis phenomenon of the ferromagnetic substance when the magnetic field strength changes periodically, and shows the relationship between the magnetic field strength H and the magnetic induction B in the repeated magnetization process of the ferromagnetic substance. The measurement of the basic characteristics of magnetic materials is very important in practical and college physical experiments, and is listed in the teaching outline of physical experiments of various colleges and universities in China. At present, most of experimental devices for measuring the characteristics of magnetic materials used in teaching are based on an alternating current induction method of a magnetic ring and coils, and the defect that samples are not easy to replace due to the fact that two groups of coils are wound on a closed magnetic ring. If the initial magnetization curve and the hysteresis loop measurement experiment device with different replaceable samples can be provided, the experiment contents are richer and more contrastive.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to provide a ferromagnetic material initial magnetization curve and hysteresis loop measuring device of removable sample.

The utility model provides an initial magnetization curve of ferromagnetic material and hysteresis loop measuring device of removable sample, include: the device comprises a U-shaped sample, a strip-shaped sample, a bolt, a coil, a direct-current adjustable power supply, an ammeter, a double-pole double-throw switch and a teslameter; wherein:

the U-shaped sample and the strip-shaped sample are made of ferromagnetic materials, the two arms of the U-shaped sample are different in length, and the strip-shaped sample is a cuboid; assembling the U-shaped sample and the strip-shaped sample into a magnetic loop with a gap through bolts;

the coil is hollow, is wound with a plurality of turns and is sleeved on one longer arm of the U-shaped sample;

the direct-current adjustable power supply is connected with the coil through the double-pole double-throw switch and provides exciting current with adjustable magnitude for the coil;

the double-pole double-throw switch is used for switching the direction of the exciting current;

the current meter is connected with the coil and used for measuring the size of the exciting current;

the probe of the teslameter is arranged in the gap of the magnetic loop to measure the magnetic induction intensity thereof.

The utility model discloses during the use, earlier with different ferromagnetic material process into the U type sample and the strip sample of same specification. During the experiment, the coil is sleeved on the longer arm of the U-shaped sample, then the U-shaped sample and the strip-shaped sample made of the same material are assembled by using bolts, and then the probe of the teslameter is stretched into the gap of the assembled sample. After a U-shaped sample and a strip-shaped sample are demagnetized by using a direct-current adjustable power supply and a double-pole double-throw switch, the exciting current in a coil is gradually increased from zero, the readings of an ammeter and a teslameter are recorded at the same time until the magnetic induction intensity is not increased any more, and the initial magnetization curve of the sample can be obtained by drawing after calculation. And then gradually reducing the exciting current to zero, gradually increasing the reverse exciting current in the coil from zero after the direction of the exciting current is switched by using a double-pole double-throw switch until the reverse magnetic induction intensity is not increased, gradually reducing the reverse exciting current to zero, gradually increasing the exciting current in the coil from zero after the direction of the exciting current is switched again until the magnetic induction intensity is not increased, simultaneously recording the readings of the galvanometer and the teslameter in the whole process, and calculating and drawing to obtain the hysteresis loop of the sample to be measured.

The utility model discloses simple structure, low cost is convenient for make.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of a sample and a coil.

Fig. 2 is an external structural view of the present invention.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is a U-shaped sample; 2 is a strip sample; 3 is a bolt; 4 is a coil; 5 is a direct current adjustable power supply; 6 is an ammeter; 7 is a double-pole double-throw switch; and 8 is a teslameter.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The U-shaped sample 1 and the strip-shaped sample 2 can be made of any kind of ferromagnetic materials with the same specification, the U-shaped sample 1 and the strip-shaped sample 2 are made of the same ferromagnetic material, and the bolt 3 is made of the same ferromagnetic material or nonmagnetic material.

The bottom edge of the U-shaped sample 1 is a straight edge, and the two straight arms are parallel and are vertically arranged at two ends of the bottom edge to form a U shape; the two straight arms are divided into a long arm and a short arm; the bottom edge, the long arm and the short arm are cuboids; the end part of the long arm is provided with a screw hole;

the strip sample 2 is a cuboid, the length of the strip sample is the same as and parallel to the bottom edge of the U-shaped sample 1, a through hole is formed in one end of the strip sample, the strip sample is connected with the end portion of the long arm of the U-shaped sample through a bolt, and the other end of the strip sample is close to one end of the short arm to form a gap in which a probe of a teslameter can be placed, as shown in fig. 1.

The coil 4 is hollow and wound with 2000 turns; the coil 4 is fitted over the long arm of the U-shaped sample 1 as shown in fig. 1.

The positive and negative output ends of the direct-current adjustable power supply 5 are connected to the double-pole double-throw switch 7 through leads to provide exciting current with adjustable magnitude for the coil 4; the double-pole double-throw switch 7 is responsible for switching the direction of the exciting current supplied by the direct-current adjustable power supply 5 to the coil 4; the current meter 6 is connected in series on the power supply current circuit and is used for measuring and displaying the magnitude of the current. As shown in fig. 2.

Because the two arms of the U-shaped sample 1 are unequal, after the U-shaped sample 1 and the strip-shaped sample 2 are assembled by the bolt 3, a gap is left between the short arm and the other end of the strip-shaped sample 2, and the probe of the teslameter 8 is inserted into the gap, so that the magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity in the gap can be measured and displayed. By using the magnetic induction intensity indicated by the tesla meter 8 and the exciting current indicated by the ammeter 6, and combining the number of turns of the coil 4 and the specification and size of the U-shaped sample 1 and the strip-shaped sample 2, the magnetic field intensity H and the induced magnetic induction intensity B can be calculated, so as to measure the initial magnetization curve and the hysteresis loop of the measured ferromagnetic material.

Claims

1. A ferromagnetic material initial magnetization curve and magnetic hysteresis loop measuring device with a replaceable sample is characterized by comprising a U-shaped sample, a strip-shaped sample, a bolt, a coil, a direct-current adjustable power supply, an ammeter, a double-pole double-throw switch and a teslameter; wherein: