CN210012970U - Microporous mask spunlace material - Google Patents
Microporous mask spunlace material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN210012970U CN210012970U CN201920603095.4U CN201920603095U CN210012970U CN 210012970 U CN210012970 U CN 210012970U CN 201920603095 U CN201920603095 U CN 201920603095U CN 210012970 U CN210012970 U CN 210012970U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- concave holes
- adjacent
- microporous
- mask
- oval
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a microporous mask spunlace material, which comprises a spunlace cloth area (1), wherein a plurality of oval concave holes (2) are formed in the spunlace cloth area (1), the oval concave holes (2) are arranged on the cloth area (1) in a row, and the distance between any two adjacent rows is equal; the oval concave holes (2) in adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, and the central points of the oval concave holes (2) are positioned on the perpendicular bisector of the central connecting line of two adjacent oval concave holes (2) in adjacent rows; and the distance between two adjacent oval concave holes (2) in the same row is equal. Through the utility model discloses micropore facial mask water thorn material of preparation has frivolous, soft skin of subsides, the degree of consistency is high, the reinforce is high, non-deformable, a plurality of performances such as transparency height, when hugging closely skin after drenching, eyes can see through the facial mask directly perceivedly and see skin below the facial mask clearly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a micropore facial mask water thorn material belongs to water thorn non-woven fabrics field.
Background
The facial mask is a common product in the field of beauty and skin care, the types of the facial mask are very many, and currently, more than 70 percent of facial masks use non-woven fabrics as carriers to carry essence to realize various beauty and skin care functions. The mask is used as a beauty and skin care product, and besides the beauty and skin care effect, the comfortable experience of consumers is also important. The comfort of the mask is mainly reflected in air permeability, moisture permeability, softness, skin adhesion and difficult deformation, so that the mask base cloth is required to have good air permeability, moisture permeability and softness. When the facial mask is used, in order to enable essence of the facial mask to be better absorbed and achieve the best beautifying and skin-protecting effects, the skin-sticking time of the facial mask is generally required to be 15-25 minutes, and in such a long time, if the air permeability is poor, the skin of a person feels sultry and uncomfortable, and even the use experience is seriously influenced by skin itch. The human face is irregular concave-convex face, so that the mask can be tightly attached to each part of the face when being attached to the skin, the skin can uniformly absorb nutrient substances, and the mask is required to be sufficiently soft and not easy to deform, and the normal activity is not influenced when the mask is attached. Meanwhile, in order to make the mask more beautiful when being attached to the skin, the embarrassment that the traditional mask is not transparent and is considered as 'ghost' is improved, the use in public places is not influenced, and the transparency of the mask can be improved to achieve the invisible effect. Because the beauty effect of the facial mask is realized by the nutrient solution carried by the base cloth, the base cloth of the facial mask is used as a carrier of the nutrient solution, and the using effect of the facial mask is directly influenced by the amount of the carried nutrient solution. The base cloth has too little liquid holding capacity and unobvious beautifying effect, and simultaneously, the facial mask is dried quickly due to the absorption of skin and the volatilization of the facial mask, so that the facial mask absorbs moisture from the skin and cannot play a role in maintenance, and therefore, the facial mask base cloth needs to have good liquid holding capacity. In order to ensure that the essence is uniformly distributed on the mask material, the uniformity of the base cloth must be good and not easy to deform. In summary, with the rapid development of the facial mask industry, people have higher and higher requirements on facial masks, which can be summarized as comfort, lightness, thinness, softness, skin-close, transparency, invisibility, uniformity and no deformation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model aims at providing a micropore facial mask water thorn material.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
a microporous mask spunlace material comprises a spunlace cloth area, wherein a plurality of oval concave holes are formed in the spunlace cloth area, the oval concave holes are arranged in rows on the cloth area, and the distance between any two adjacent rows is equal; the oval concave holes in the adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered mode, and the central points of the oval concave holes are positioned on a perpendicular bisector of a central connecting line of two adjacent oval concave holes in the adjacent rows; the distances between two adjacent elliptic concave holes in the same row are equal; the central connecting line of the elliptic concave holes in the same row is taken as a horizontal line, and the included angle formed by the straight line where the focuses of the elliptic concave holes in the row and the horizontal line is 45 degrees or 135 degrees; and the distance between any two adjacent elliptic concave holes in the same row is equal.
Further, the distance between any two adjacent oval concave holes in the same row is equal to the distance between any two adjacent oval concave holes in the same column; the focus place straight line mutually perpendicular of oval shrinkage pool of two adjacent lines wantonly, same line the focus place straight line of oval shrinkage pool is parallel to each other.
Further, the distance between two adjacent elliptic concave holes in the same row is 0.3-0.4 mm.
Further, the distance between two adjacent elliptic concave holes in the same column is 0.3-0.4 mm.
Furthermore, the major axis of the oval concave holes is 0.2-0.4mm, the minor axis of the oval concave holes is 0.1-0.2mm, and the mesh number of the oval concave holes is 58-62 meshes.
Further, the microporous mask spunlace material has the gram weight of 28-35 g/square meter, the longitudinal breaking strength of 45N/(5cm multiplied by 10cm), the transverse breaking strength of more than 30N/(5cm multiplied by 10cm), the longitudinal breaking elongation of 25-35% and the transverse breaking elongation of 35-45%.
The utility model discloses can reach following technological effect:
the microporous mask spunlace material prepared by the method of the utility model adopts the lyocell fiber with the fineness of 0.9-1.7D, so that the product is softer and has higher transparency; the four layers of high-drafting cross lapping and the two layers of straight lapping are compounded to further improve the uniformity of the product, and simultaneously, the product has more proper longitudinal and transverse strength ratio to meet the requirement of the mask base material; and in the spunlace stage, a 60-mesh copper mesh rotary drum is adopted for punching, so that meshes are clearer and more transparent, the air permeability and the transparency are improved, and meanwhile, the product is ensured to have enough strength. The hardness of the copper net drum is between that of the polyester net and the steel wire net, the polyester net is clear in punching and not well entangled, the strength of the product is not high, the steel wire net is high in hardness and well entangled, meshes are not clear, the proper hardness of the copper net is more suitable for punching of 60 meshes, the meshes are clear, and the strength of the product is guaranteed; the upper roller of the compression roller is a nylon roller, and the lower roller of the compression roller is a steel roller, so that the thickness of the product is controlled, and the cloth surface is thinner. Finally, through the micropore facial mask spunlace material that preparation method made has the transparency height, and soft skin, ventilative, frivolous, even non-deformable, the good effect of moisturizing performance of cloth cover.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a microporous mask spunlace material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a microporous mask spunlace material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a microporous mask spunlace material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can implement the present invention, but the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the following materials or reagents are commercially available.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the utility model provides a microporous mask spunlace material, including water thorn cloth district 1, water thorn cloth district 1 is last to have seted up a plurality of oval shrinkage pools 2, but not only is limited to above-mentioned shape, and the purpose of design like this is in order to increase gas permeability and transparency. The oval concave holes 2 are arranged in rows on the cloth area 1, and the distance between any two adjacent rows is equal; the oval concave holes 2 in adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, and the central points of the oval concave holes 2 are positioned on the vertical bisector of the central connecting line of two adjacent oval concave holes 2 in adjacent rows; the distances between two adjacent elliptic concave holes 2 in the same row are equal; the central connecting line of the elliptic concave holes 2 in the same row is taken as a horizontal line, and the included angle formed by the straight line of the focus of the elliptic concave holes 2 in the row and the horizontal line is 45 degrees or 135 degrees; the distance between any two adjacent oval concave holes 2 in the same column is equal and equal to the distance between any two adjacent oval concave holes 2 in the same row. The focus place straight line mutually perpendicular of oval shrinkage pool 2 of two adjacent lines wantonly, same row the focus place straight line of oval shrinkage pool 2 is parallel to each other. The arrangement mode of the micropores and the arrangement angle of the meshes are used for enabling the micropores of the mask base cloth to be distributed more uniformly, so that the uniformity of the mask is improved, and the uniform distribution of the mask essence is ensured. The distance between two adjacent elliptic concave holes 2 in the same row is 0.3-0.4 mm. The distance between two adjacent elliptic concave holes 2 in the same row is 0.3-0.4 mm. The reason is that the definition of the micropores of the cloth cover can be ensured by the proper distance of the meshes, and the definition of the micropores is reduced when the mesh is smaller than 0.3mm and larger than 0.4mm, so that the appearance and the uniformity are influenced. The major axis of the oval concave hole 2 is 0.2-0.4mm, the minor axis is 0.1-0.2mm, the mesh number of the oval concave hole 2 is 58-62 meshes, and the arrangement is to ensure that the mask has proper liquid holding capacity and air permeability. The microporous mask spunlace material has the gram weight of 28-35 g/square meter, the longitudinal breaking strength is 45N/(5cm multiplied by 10cm), and the transverse breaking strength is more than 30N/(5cm multiplied by 10 cm); the elongation at break in the longitudinal direction is 25-35%, and the elongation at break in the transverse direction is 35-45%.
As shown in fig. 3, the utility model also provides a preparation method of the microporous mask spunlace material, which comprises the following steps:
1) feeding, opening and mixing the fibers; the fiber is lyocell fiber, and the fineness of the lyocell fiber is 0.9-1.7D;
2) carding to form a net and compositely lapping; the composite lapping is formed by compounding four layers of crossed lapping and two layers of straight lapping;
3) carrying out spunlace on a copper mesh; the pressure of the copper mesh spunlace is 30-130 bar; the copper wire mesh is a copper wire mesh drum woven by copper wires, the mesh number of the drum is 60 meshes, and the diameter of each copper wire is 0.1 +/-0.02 mm;
4) drying, cold rolling, winding, slitting and packaging; wherein the upper roller of the compression roller used for cold rolling is a nylon roller, and the lower roller of the compression roller is a steel roller.
Wherein the method also comprises the steps of pre-needling and back-side spunlacing after the step 2) and before the step 3).
The following is a further description with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a microporous mask spunlace material, which includes the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials: selecting 0.9D lyocell fiber with the mass percent of 50 percent; 1.5D lyocell fiber is selected, and the mass percentage is 50%.
2) Feeding, opening, mixing and carding to form a net: the prepared fiber raw materials are fed into an opener according to a proportion for opening, then are conveyed to a cotton mixing bin for uniform mixing, and the mixed fibers are conveyed to a high-density cylinder card clothing carding machine with card clothing density of 420 teeth/square inch for carding into a net.
3) And (3) composite lapping: the carded fiber web enters a cross lapping machine to carry out lapping for 4 layers, then four layers of fiber webs which are crossly lapped are drafted for 3.2 times in a drafting machine, after drafting, the fiber web forms cross lapping with the gram weight of 16-20 g/square meter, and then the cross lapping is mixed with a straight comb web which is carded by another carding machine and has the gram weight of 12-16 g/square meter.
4) And (3) water jetting: pre-needling the compounded fiber web at a water pressure of about 30bar, carrying out first drum back spunlace reinforcement (steel mesh or polyester mesh spunlace), and carrying out 60-mesh spunlace micro-perforation by a second copper mesh drum. The first drum water punching is two-stage water punching, and the water punching pressure is respectively 50bar and 70 bar. The number of 60-mesh micro-punching and water-jetting channels of the second copper mesh rotary drum is 3, and the water-jetting pressure is 70bar and 70bar respectively.
5) Drying, cold rolling, winding, slitting and packaging: and (3) after spunlacing, carrying out hot air penetration drying on the spunlaced cloth, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃. And after drying, cold rolling and thinning the spunlaced fabric by adopting a rolling mill with an upper roller of a compression roller as a nylon roller and a lower roller as a steel roller, wherein the pressure is 4 bar. After the rolling, the spunlace fabric was wound up at a winding speed of 55 m/min. And finally, slitting and packaging the rolled spunlace fabric according to requirements.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a microporous mask spunlace material, which includes the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials: 1.0D lyocell fiber is selected, and the mass percent is 100%.
2) Feeding, opening and mixing: the prepared fiber raw materials are fed into an opener according to a proportion for opening, then are conveyed to a cotton mixing bin for uniform mixing, and the mixed fibers are conveyed to a high-density cylinder card clothing carding machine with card clothing density of 420 teeth/square inch for carding into a net.
3) Cross lapping, high-power drafting, cross lapping and straight combing and combining: the carded fiber web enters a cross lapping machine to carry out lapping for 4 layers, then four layers of fiber webs which are crossly lapped are drafted for 3.2 times in a drafting machine, after drafting, the fiber web forms cross lapping with the gram weight of 14-17 g/square meter, and then the cross lapping is mixed with a straight comb web which is carded by another carding machine and has the gram weight of 11-14 g/square meter.
4) And (3) water jetting: pre-needling the compounded fiber web under the water pressure of less than 30bar, carrying out the back spunlace reinforcement of a first rotary drum, and carrying out 60-mesh spunlace micro-perforation of a second copper mesh rotary drum. The first drum hydro-entangling is two hydro-entangling (steel mesh or polyester mesh hydro-entangling) with the hydro-entangling pressure of 50bar and 70bar respectively. The number of 60-mesh micro-punching and water-jetting channels of the second copper mesh rotary drum is 3, and the water-jetting pressure is 70bar and 65bar respectively.
5) Cold rolling, drying, winding, slitting and packaging: and (3) after spunlacing, carrying out hot air penetration drying on the spunlaced cloth, wherein the drying temperature is 85 ℃. And after drying, cold rolling and thinning the spunlace fabric by adopting a rolling mill with a compression roller with an upper roller being a nylon roller and a lower roller being a steel roller, wherein the pressure is 3.5 bar. After the nip, the spunlace fabric was wound up at a winding speed of 54 m/min. And finally, slitting and packaging the rolled spunlace fabric according to requirements.
Example 3
Product performance tests were performed on the microporous mask spunlace material prepared in the above examples. The test procedure and results were as follows:
(1) quantitative gram weight test: the testing instrument is an electronic balance, and the testing method is GB/T24218.1-2009.
(2) And (3) thickness testing: the test instrument is a YG141 fabric thickness tester, and the test method is GB/T24218.2-2009.
(3) Strength and elongation test: the testing instrument is an electronic force machine, and the testing method is GB/T24218.3-2010.
4) And (3) air permeability test: the test instrument is an air permeability tester, the test method is GB/T24218.3-2010, the test condition is that the test area is 20cm2, and the test pressure difference is 100 pa.
(5) Liquid carrying amount: textile nonwoven test method according to standard GBT 24218.6-2010, part 6: measurement of absorbency, the liquid carrying rate of the sample was measured.
Table 1: each performance test of the microporous mask spunlace material prepared in examples 1-2
| Test items | Unit of | Example 1 | Example 2 |
| Gram weight | g/m2 | 32.1 | 28.0 |
| Rate of irregularity | ％ | 2.3 | 1.7 |
| Thickness of | mm | 0.30 | 0.25 |
| Longitudinal breaking strength | N/5×10cm | 60.5 | 56.3 |
| Transverse rupture strength | N/5×10cm | 43.6 | 39.8 |
| Strong elongation at break in the longitudinal direction | ％ | 29.8 | 27.6 |
| Transverse breaking strength elongation | ％ | 38.5 | 37.4 |
| Air permeability | mm/s | 1887 | 2456 |
| Amount of liquid absorbed | g/g | 12.45 | 12.21 |
According to the product performance test result of table 1 can know, the utility model discloses micropore facial mask water thorn material product that embodiment 1-2 prepared has lower gram weight and thickness, and in addition use fine denier lyocell fibre and use the clear characteristics of 60 mesh copper mesh rotary drum water thorn mesh, the combined action makes this micropore facial mask water thorn material product have very high transparency, makes it softer skin subsides simultaneously. The method adopts a high-density cylinder card clothing carding machine and a four-layer cross high-drafting lapping and straight lapping composite process, so that the unevenness rate of the microporous mask spunlace material product is very low, the microporous mask spunlace material product has very high uniformity, and thus, nutrient solution can be uniformly distributed when the mask base cloth is made into the mask product. The microporous mask spunlace material product has high longitudinal and transverse strength and low elongation, can ensure that the base cloth resists the stretching force when being cut and is easy to cut, and meanwhile, the finished product of the mask is not easy to be broken by pulling or seriously deforms to influence the use effect when being used. The facial mask material is equipped with a plurality of slight shrinkage pools, has increased the space that holds the nutrient solution, satisfies the demand of facial mask base material area liquid measure, and microporous structure makes the facial mask base material have very high air permeability simultaneously, and good air permeability makes the facial mask not feel sultry or even itch when using for a long time, has improved the comfort performance who uses greatly.
Through the utility model discloses the micropore facial mask material that makes has frivolous, soft skin-facing, the degree of consistency is high, the reinforce is high, non-deformable, a plurality of performance such as ventilative comfortable, transparent stealthy, and when micropore facial mask water thorn material skin after wetting, eyes can see through the facial mask directly perceivedly and see skin below the facial mask clearly. The material is very suitable for serving as a mask base material.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutes or changes made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the utility model are all within the protection scope of the utility model. The protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The microporous mask spunlace material is characterized by comprising a spunlace cloth area (1), wherein a plurality of oval concave holes (2) are formed in the spunlace cloth area (1), the oval concave holes (2) are arranged in rows on the cloth area (1), and the distance between any two adjacent rows is equal; the oval concave holes (2) in adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, and the central points of the oval concave holes (2) are positioned on the perpendicular bisector of the central connecting line of two adjacent oval concave holes (2) in adjacent rows; the distances between two adjacent elliptic concave holes (2) in the same row are equal; the central connecting line of the elliptic concave holes (2) in the same row is taken as a horizontal line, and the included angle formed by the straight line where the focus of the elliptic concave holes (2) in the row and the horizontal line is 45 degrees or 135 degrees; and the distance between any two adjacent elliptic concave holes (2) in the same row is equal.
2. The microporous mask spunlace material according to claim 1, wherein the distance between any two adjacent elliptical concave holes (2) in the same row is equal to the distance between any two adjacent elliptical concave holes (2) in the same column; the focus of arbitrary adjacent two lines oval shrinkage pool (2) is in the straight line mutually perpendicular, the same line the focus of oval shrinkage pool (2) is in the straight line parallel to each other.
3. The microporous mask spunlace material according to claim 2, wherein the distance between two adjacent elliptical concave holes (2) in the same row is 0.3-0.4 mm.
4. A microporous mask spunlace material according to claim 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent elliptical concave holes (2) in the same row is 0.3-0.4 mm.
5. A microporous facial mask spunlace material according to claim 1, wherein the major axis of the elliptical concave holes (2) is 0.2-0.4mm, the minor axis is 0.1-0.2mm, and the mesh number of the elliptical concave holes (2) is 58-62 mesh.
6. A microporous facial mask hydroentangling material as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said microporous facial mask hydroentangling material has a grammage of 28 to 35g per square meter, a longitudinal breaking strength of greater than 45N/(5cm x 10cm), a transverse breaking strength of greater than 30N/(5cm x 10cm), a longitudinal elongation at break of 25 to 35%, and a transverse elongation at break of 35 to 45%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920603095.4U CN210012970U (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | Microporous mask spunlace material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920603095.4U CN210012970U (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | Microporous mask spunlace material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210012970U true CN210012970U (en) | 2020-02-04 |
Family
ID=69315980
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920603095.4U Active CN210012970U (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | Microporous mask spunlace material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN210012970U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111850817A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 海南欣龙无纺股份有限公司 | Microporous mask spunlace material and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-04-29 CN CN201920603095.4U patent/CN210012970U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111850817A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 海南欣龙无纺股份有限公司 | Microporous mask spunlace material and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101509175B (en) | Green totally degradable warming material and producing method thereof | |
| KR102309350B1 (en) | Nonwoven fabric for skin covering sheet to be impregnated with cosmetic preparation, and process for producing same | |
| CN105105924B (en) | A kind of high antibacterial of body surface, ventilative, the dry and comfortable protection pad of refrigerant healthy functions | |
| CN107503042B (en) | Water-jet mask base material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101010017A (en) | Skin covering sheet for cosmetic preparation impregnation and process for producing the same, and face mask using said sheet | |
| CN104963100A (en) | Novel light, thin and breathable silk-drawing composite mask base cloth | |
| KR20190035174A (en) | Fibrous Nonwoven Fabric For Mask Pack | |
| CN104975365A (en) | Health functional dry paper diaper with high body surface antibacterial property, super hydroscopicity and gas permeability | |
| CN108330612A (en) | A kind of biodegradable needle thorn insulation flocculus and preparation method thereof | |
| CN210012970U (en) | Microporous mask spunlace material | |
| CN112176525A (en) | One-way water guide mask base material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110670240B (en) | Non-woven fabric capable of enabling liquid to rapidly infiltrate downwards and inhibiting rewet and preparation method thereof | |
| CN210012971U (en) | Half-open-hole spunlace non-woven fabric | |
| CN101643974A (en) | Elastic facial mask cloth | |
| CN109137262A (en) | A kind of guarantor's liquid piece and its preparation method and application | |
| CN111850817A (en) | Microporous mask spunlace material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111764045A (en) | Pure cotton one-way flow guide material and preparation method and product thereof | |
| CN219010626U (en) | Water-jet nonwoven fabric, composite nonwoven fabric and sanitary absorbent product | |
| CN107630290B (en) | Sheet-shaped non-woven fabric for skin care and production method thereof | |
| CN115182091A (en) | Novel extremely-soft extremely-pasted milk skin velvet high-performance material and production method thereof | |
| KR20110060525A (en) | Meltblown non-woven fabric of ultrafine fiber with good hydroscopicity and the sheet mask for cosmetics using the same | |
| CN113677238A (en) | Regenerated cellulose fiber nonwoven fabric, sheet impregnated with chemical solution, and face mask | |
| CN111235762A (en) | Viscose fiber composite silk mask base cloth and composite silk mask | |
| CN101492860A (en) | Three-dimensional netted novel medical material with high moisture absorption and high ventilation, and production process | |
| CN210134222U (en) | Plaster spunlace fabric |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |