CN210007567U - angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor - Google Patents
angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN210007567U CN210007567U CN201921042379.7U CN201921042379U CN210007567U CN 210007567 U CN210007567 U CN 210007567U CN 201921042379 U CN201921042379 U CN 201921042379U CN 210007567 U CN210007567 U CN 210007567U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an angular displacement sensor who detects brushless DC motor rotor position, through install the rotor on the motor shaft and install the stator on the stator, the rotor is coaxial, parallel, the interval installation with the stator, sets up induced electromotive force coil and work coil on the rotor, sets up excitation coil, X axle receiving coil and Y hub connection receiving coil on the stator, the utility model provides a motor rotor position angular displacement sensor does not adopt any semiconductor device, and work is more reliable and stable, and the cost is lower moreover, in addition the utility model discloses can be applicable to any load occasion, no matter be soft load or hard load owing to improved the rotor position and detected the precision, reduced the error to can avoid the motor to appear the switching-over noise, prevent that the motor from slightly shaking, motor drive can be more steady.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a brushless DC motor technical field, especially kinds of angular displacement sensors that detect brushless DC motor rotor position.
Background
The dc brushless motor is receiving more and more social attention due to its advantages of high efficiency and long life, and especially in the application of medium and small power, the electromechanical conversion efficiency of the dc brushless motor can reach 90%, while the efficiency of the medium and small single-phase ac motor is only 70-80%, and under the condition of the increasing energy shortage, the dc brushless motor is gaining favor.
The brushless DC motor has a very similar operation principle to that of a brush DC motor, except that at point , the armature commutation of the brush DC motor is realized by mechanical brushes and the commutation of the brushless DC motor is realized by switches driving semiconductor power devices.
The biggest disadvantages of the direct current brush motor are that: the brush structure used for commutation is easily worn out, resulting in a reduction in life, and the worn-out powder is easily filled in the commutator of the rotor, resulting in leakage of electricity. The brushless DC motor solves the problem fundamentally, so the brushless DC motor inherits the advantages of high efficiency, large torque and easy speed regulation of the brush DC motor, avoids the defect that the mechanical structure of the brush is easy to wear, and has the tendency of comprehensively replacing an AC asynchronous motor.
The method for realizing current commutation of the direct current brushless motor comprises the following steps: the rotor position is detected, and then the current direction of the excitation armature is switched according to the rotor position, so the rotor position detection is the problem which is mainly solved by the direct current brushless motor. For the detection of the rotor position, the following methods are conventional:
1. hall device
The magnetic sensors and the Hall devices are arranged on the motor stator, the Hall devices can sense the polarity of the rotor magnet of the direct current brushless motor, and the driving circuit can judge the position of the rotor according to the output of the Hall devices.
The method has the advantages that: the detection precision is medium, the repeatability is good, the installation space is less, and the cost is lower. The disadvantages are that: the Hall device is greatly influenced by temperature, the Hall device is easy to damage in an environment with higher temperature and stronger vibration, and the damage of the current direct current brushless motor adopting the Hall sensor is mainly caused by the damage of the Hall device.
2. Photoelectric coding
The -degree photoelectric code disc is arranged on the shaft of the motor, and then photoelectric code reading circuits are fixedly arranged, so that the angle code on the photoelectric code disc rotating synchronously with the rotor can be detected, and the position of the rotor can be determined.
The method has the advantages that: the detection precision is high, and the repeatability is good. The disadvantages are that: the installation space is big, with high costs, only is applicable to high accuracy servo control, is not fit for low price application occasion.
3. Differential transformer coding
By mounting differential transformers on the motor shaft, the outputs of the differential transformers correspond to the rotation angle, thereby realizing the rotor position detection.
The method has the advantages that: the detection precision is high, and the repeatability is good. The disadvantages are that: the installation space is big, with high costs, only is applicable to high accuracy servo control, is not fit for low price application occasion.
4. Circuit detection
And judging the position of the rotor according to the induced potential of the magnetic field of the rotor in the stator winding at the moment when the driving circuit stops driving.
The method has the advantages that: no extra sensor is needed, the motor manufacturing process is simple, and the cost is low. The disadvantages are that: the induced electromotive force formed by the rotor in the low-speed stage of the motor is very weak or even none, so that the motor is unstable in the starting stage and the low-speed stage and is not suitable for hard load occasions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing an kinds of angular displacement sensor that detect DC brushless motor rotor position aims at solving among the prior art to the detection of rotor position have environment adaptability poor, poor stability or problem with high costs, realizes improving stability and adverse circumstances adaptability, reduces manufacturing cost.
In order to achieve the above technical object, the utility model provides an kinds of angular displacement sensors that detect DC brushless motor rotor position, the sensor includes:
a moving plate which is arranged on a motor shaft and rotates synchronously with the rotor and a static plate which is arranged on the stator;
the moving plate and the static plate are arranged coaxially, parallelly and at intervals;
the moving plate comprises an induced potential coil and a working coil which are arranged on the outer ring, the induced potential coil and the working coil are connected in series to form a closed loop, and the working coil is formed by two coils which are reversely connected in series;
the still includes excitation coil, X axle receiving coil and the Y axle receiving coil in the outside, X axle receiving coil is two and controls the coil of reverse series connection, Y axle receiving coil is two and reverses the coil of series connection from top to bottom.
Preferably, the distance between the moving plate and the static plate is 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the moving plate is made of a PCB, and the coil on the moving plate is an etched metal line; the still is made of a PCB board, and the coil on the still is an etched metal line.
Preferably, the induced potential coil of the moving plate is different from a working coil in PCB plate layers, and the working coil is a 90-degree sector coil.
Preferably, the still is a four-layer PCB structure, contains excitation coil and Y axle receiving coil in two-layer PCB board, contains X axle receiving coil in two-layer PCB board, X axle receiving coil, Y axle receiving coil are 90 degrees fan-shaped coils.
Preferably, the sector coil area of the moving plate is smaller than that of the stationary plate, and when the sector coil area of the moving plate is overlapped with that of the stationary plate, the sector coil of the moving plate is fully covered by the sector coil of the stationary plate.
The effects provided in the disclosure are only the effects of the embodiments, not all the effects of the disclosure, and technical solutions in the above technical solutions have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a motor rotor position angle sensor does not adopt any semiconductor device, and work is reliable and more stable, and traditional hall device detects or photoelectric encoding position detects and all can have the semiconductor device to lead to the problem that the motor fault rate is high at high temperature, high shock environment fast ageing down, because the utility model discloses a PCB board manufacturing does not adopt any semiconductor device, can greatly promote brushless DC motor's anti adverse circumstances's adaptability, and the cost is lower moreover.
The utility model discloses can be applicable to any load occasion, no matter be soft load or hard load.
Because the rotor position detection precision is improved, the error is reduced, the reversing noise of the motor can be avoided, the motor is prevented from slightly vibrating, the motor can be driven more stably, and the problem that the motor is easy to fluctuate or the driving efficiency is reduced when a Hall device is adopted is solved. And the cost is low, compared with the detection of the differential transformer, the cost can be effectively reduced, and the method can be used for low-price application occasions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PCB board structure including a working coil in kinds of moving plates provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PCB board structure including an induced potential coil in kinds of moving plates according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a -layer PCB board structure including an excitation coil and a Y-axis receiving coil in types of still sheets according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another -layer PCB board including an excitation coil and a Y-axis receiving coil in types of still pictures provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a -layer PCB board structure including X-axis receiving coils in types of stills according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another layers of PCB board structure including X-axis receiving coils in types of stills according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention has been described in detail in order to provide a more concise and complete understanding of the principles of the invention, and it should be understood that the same is not to be limited to the details of the particular embodiments or examples, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The following describes in detail kinds of angular displacement sensors for detecting the rotor position of a dc brushless motor provided by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-6, the utility model discloses an kinds of angular displacement sensors that detect brushless DC motor rotor position, the sensor includes rotor and stator, the rotor is installed on the motor shaft, with the synchronous revolution of electric motor rotor, the stator is fixed in on the stator, rotor and stator parallel mount, the distance can set up to 0.2-0.8mm between the two, preferred distance is 0.5 mm.
The magnetic field direction formed by the two fan-shaped coils is in cross series connection, if the magnetic field generated by the upper fan-shaped coil is outward, the magnetic field generated by the lower fan-shaped coil is inward, and the magnetic field direction generated by the two fan-shaped coils is opposite.
The moving plate adopts a PCB technology, and has the advantages that: low cost, high precision and good repeatability. Besides the PCB process, the moving plate can also adopt a process similar to the PCB, for example, a metal sheet is pasted on an insulating plate to form a circuit required by sensing, or a conductive plastic material is pasted on the insulating plate to form a circuit required by sensing.
The method for manufacturing the still sheet is preferably used for manufacturing a PCB (printed Circuit Board) process, and 3 coils formed by metal lines are etched on the still sheet and comprise an excitation coil on the outermost side, an X-axis receiving coil and a Y-axis receiving coil. The excitation coils on the outermost sides are circularly and symmetrically arranged; the X-axis receiving coil is a left 90-degree fan-shaped coil and a right 90-degree fan-shaped coil which are connected in series in a crossed mode; the Y-axis receiving coil is an upper 90-degree fan-shaped coil and a lower 90-degree fan-shaped coil, and the upper coil and the lower coil are connected in series in a crossed mode. Since the X-axis and Y-axis receiver coils are equally spaced on the circumference, it is preferable to manufacture using a four-layer PCB process to manufacture X, Y-axis receiver coils on different layers. In the four-layer PCB, two layers of PCBs contain excitation coils and Y-axis receiving coils, and two layers of PCBs contain X-axis receiving coils.
The sector coil area of the moving plate is smaller than that of the static plate, and when the sector coil area of the moving plate is overlapped with that of the static plate, the sector coil of the moving plate is fully covered by the sector coil of the static plate.
The rotor is fixed to the motor shaft, and the stator is fixed to the motor stator or another member fixed in position with the stator. The moving plate and the static plate are coaxial and parallel, and have no mechanical friction, but can form an electromagnetic induction relationship.
When the sensor works, firstly, high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the excitation coil in the still, the preferred frequency is 1MHz, and in addition, 100KHz, 200KHz, 2MHz and the like can also be selected. The high-frequency alternating current can generate an alternating magnetic field in the excitation coil, the magnetic field is called as a main magnetic field, according to the electromagnetic induction law, the main magnetic field can generate induced electromotive force in a left coil and a right coil of the X-axis receiving coil, but because the two coils are reversely connected in series, the induced electromotive force of the main magnetic field is mutually offset left and right on the X-axis receiving coil, and no output exists; similarly, the induced electromotive force of the main magnetic field of the Y-axis receiving coil is also cancelled up and down, and the output is 0.
Because rotor and stator are coaxial, parallel and are close the installation, consequently main magnetic field magnetic linkage can pass the induced electromotive force coil of rotor, because work coil on the rotor is two upper and lower 90 degrees fan-shaped coils and reverse series connection, owing to offset each other, consequently the main magnetic field can not produce induced electromotive force on work coil. However, since the induced potential coil and the working coil are connected in series, the induced potential coil forms a series induced current, and the induced current in the working coil forms induced magnetic fields on the upper and lower 90-degree sector coils in the working coil, and the induced magnetic fields of the working coil are formed by the upper and lower 90-degree sector coils, and the upper and lower directions are opposite. Therefore, the sensing result of the rotor is as follows: the opposite magnetic field induced by the 90-degree fan-shaped coil is generated on the rotor plate, and the magnetic field rotates along with the rotor plate, namely, the induced rotating magnetic field.
The excitation generates an induced rotating magnetic field on the moving plate, which in turn acts on an X-axis receiving coil and a Y-axis receiving coil on the stationary plate, thereby generating an induced electromotive force. Because the two induced rotating magnetic fields are in opposite directions, the induced electromotive forces generated on the two coils of the X-axis receiving coil cannot be mutually counteracted, and in the same way, the induced electromotive forces generated on the two coils of the Y-axis receiving coil cannot be mutually counteracted. Therefore, due to the symmetry and the inverse series relationship of the coils, the X-axis receiving coil and the Y-axis receiving coil can only induce electromotive force inducing a rotating magnetic field, and are insensitive to magnetic fields generated by other coils.
The induced rotating magnetic field is generated by two fan-shaped coils of a working coil of the moving piece, the moving piece rotates along with the motor rotor, the two fan-shaped coils in the working coil form a covering relation with an X-axis receiving coil and a Y-axis receiving coil, the covering area is in direct proportion to a space included angle theta between the moving piece and the static piece, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, signals generated by the X-axis receiving coil are also in direct proportion to the included angle theta, and signals generated by the Y-axis receiving coil are also in direct proportion to the included angle theta. Therefore, by detecting the X-axis signal and the Y-axis signal and calculating the ratio therebetween, the spatial position angle θ between the moving blade and the stationary blade, that is, the position angle of the rotor, can be obtained.
Because the amplitudes of the X-axis signal and the Y-axis signal are in proportional relation with the position angle of the rotor, meanwhile, the two fan-shaped coils of the working magnetic field also carry the direction relation of the exciting current, namely the direction relation of the magnetic field, and the working magnetic field, the X-axis receiving coil and the Y-axis receiving coil have two direction covering relations which are in the phase relation of the X-axis signal, the Y-axis signal and the exciting signal, the four-quadrant angle sensing can be realized by detecting the amplitude proportion of the X-axis signal and the Y-axis signal and the phase relation of the X-axis signal, the Y-axis signal and the exciting signal.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a motor rotor position angle sensor does not adopt any semiconductor device, and work is reliable and more stable, and traditional hall device detects or photoelectric coding position detects and all can have the semiconductor device to age fast under high temperature, high vibration environment and lead to the problem that the motor fault rate is high, because the utility model discloses a PCB board manufacturing does not adopt any semiconductor device, can greatly promote DC brushless motor's anti adverse circumstances's adaptability, and the cost is lower moreover.
The utility model discloses can be applicable to any load occasion, no matter be soft load or hard load.
Because the rotor position detection precision is improved, the error is reduced, the reversing noise of the motor can be avoided, the motor is prevented from slightly vibrating, the motor can be driven more stably, and the problem that the motor is easy to fluctuate or the driving efficiency is reduced when a Hall device is adopted is solved. And the cost is low, compared with the detection of the differential transformer, the cost can be effectively reduced, and the method can be used for low-price application occasions.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- an angular displacement sensor for detecting a rotor position of a brushless dc motor, the sensor comprising:a moving plate which is arranged on a motor shaft and rotates synchronously with the rotor and a static plate which is arranged on the stator;the moving plate and the static plate are arranged coaxially, parallelly and at intervals;the moving plate comprises an induced potential coil and a working coil which are arranged on the outer ring, the induced potential coil and the working coil are connected in series to form a closed loop, and the working coil is formed by two coils which are reversely connected in series;the still includes excitation coil, X axle receiving coil and the Y axle receiving coil in the outside, X axle receiving coil is two and controls the coil of reverse series connection, Y axle receiving coil is two and reverses the coil of series connection from top to bottom.
- 2. The angular displacement sensor for detecting the position of DC brushless motor rotor of claim 1, wherein the distance between the moving and static plates is 0.5 mm.
- 3. The angular displacement sensor for detecting the rotor position of DC brushless motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is made of PCB board, the coils on the rotor are etched metal lines, the stator is made of PCB board, and the coils on the stator are etched metal lines.
- 4. The angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor of claim 3, wherein the induced potential coil of the rotor is different from the working coil of PCB board layer, and the working coil is a 90 degree fan coil.
- 5. The angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor according to claim 4, wherein the stator is a four-layer PCB structure, two layers of PCB contain excitation coil and Y-axis receiving coil, two layers of PCB contain X-axis receiving coil, both the X-axis receiving coil and the Y-axis receiving coil are 90 degree fan coils.
- 6. The angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor according to claim 5, wherein the sector coil area of the rotor is smaller than that of the stator, and when the rotor sector coil overlaps the stator sector coil area, the rotor sector coil is fully covered by the stator sector coil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921042379.7U CN210007567U (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921042379.7U CN210007567U (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN210007567U true CN210007567U (en) | 2020-01-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921042379.7U Active CN210007567U (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of DC brushless motor |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN210007567U (en) |
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2019
- 2019-07-05 CN CN201921042379.7U patent/CN210007567U/en active Active
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |
Denomination of utility model: An angular displacement sensor for detecting rotor position of Brushless DC motor Effective date of registration: 20210721 Granted publication date: 20200131 Pledgee: Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Shanghai Branch Pledgor: Shanghai Zhaoxuan Microelectronics Co.,Ltd.|Wang Yan Registration number: Y2021310000050 |
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| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |