CN210005208U - high-uniformity high-resolution schlieren optical system using aspheric surface - Google Patents

high-uniformity high-resolution schlieren optical system using aspheric surface Download PDF

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CN210005208U
CN210005208U CN201920703040.0U CN201920703040U CN210005208U CN 210005208 U CN210005208 U CN 210005208U CN 201920703040 U CN201920703040 U CN 201920703040U CN 210005208 U CN210005208 U CN 210005208U
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schlieren
sealing
resolution
observation window
lens barrel
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赵卫
陈磊
谢永军
朱涛
徐崧博
许晓斌
屈恩世
章起华
解滨
马晓宇
孙启志
彭龙辉
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
Ultra High Speed Aerodynamics Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
Ultra High Speed Aerodynamics Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,解决现有纹影系统均匀性和分辨率不高的问题。该系统包括光源系统、密封前观察窗、准直主反射镜、纹影系统、纹影主反射镜、密封后观察窗和成像系统;纹影系统包括依次设置的密封前纹影镜筒、试验舱、密封后纹影镜筒;密封前观察窗设置在密封前纹影镜筒的侧面,密封后观察窗设置在密封后纹影镜筒的侧面;准直主反射镜和纹影主反射镜均采用非球面反射镜;成像系统为长焦成像系统;光源系统发出的光线穿过密封前观察窗入射到准直主反射镜,经过准直主反射镜后的光线经过密封前纹影镜筒进入试验舱入射到纹影主反射镜,纹影主反射镜将光线反射,通过密封后观察窗后入射到成像系统。

Figure 201920703040

The utility model relates to a highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface, which solves the problems of low uniformity and low resolution of the existing schlieren system. The system includes a light source system, a sealed front observation window, a collimating main reflector, a schlieren system, a schlieren main reflector, a sealed back observation window and an imaging system; cabin, the schlieren lens barrel after sealing; the observation window before sealing is set on the side of the schlieren lens barrel before sealing, and the observation window after sealing is set on the side of the schlieren lens barrel after sealing; the collimating main reflector and the schlieren main reflector All use aspheric mirrors; the imaging system is a telephoto imaging system; the light emitted by the light source system passes through the observation window before sealing and enters the collimating main mirror, and the light after passing through the collimating main mirror passes through the sealing front schlieren tube. Enter the test chamber and enter the schlieren main reflector, the schlieren main reflector reflects the light, and then enters the imaging system after passing through the sealed observation window.

Figure 201920703040

Description

一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统A Highly Uniform and High Resolution Schlieren Optical System Using Aspheric Surfaces

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及纹影光学系统,具体涉及一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统。The utility model relates to a schlieren optical system, in particular to a high-uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface.

背景技术Background technique

在纹影成像系统中,均匀性和分辨率是评价纹影图像质量的重要指标。传统纹影系统的研制过程中,对上述两个指标的把握通常依赖以往的经验,或者需要搭建简易实验来验证设计结果。对于1米量级的纹影系统,以往的经验有限,简易实验的方法成本巨大,因此采用传统方法不适用于1米量级的纹影系统,如何保证1米量级纹影系统的均匀性和分辨率指标达到设计要求,对整个系统的设计工作提出了更高要求。In a schlieren imaging system, uniformity and resolution are important indicators for evaluating the quality of schlieren images. In the development process of the traditional schlieren system, the grasp of the above two indicators usually relies on past experience, or it is necessary to set up simple experiments to verify the design results. For the schlieren system of the order of 1 meter, the previous experience is limited, and the cost of the simple experiment method is huge. Therefore, the traditional method is not suitable for the schlieren system of the order of 1 meter. How to ensure the uniformity of the schlieren system of the order of 1 meter? And the resolution index meets the design requirements, which puts forward higher requirements for the design of the entire system.

现有纹影成像系统中一般包括三对共轭关系,第一对共轭关系是将光源面成像在狭缝上,第二对共轭关系是将狭缝成像在刀口上,第三对共轭关系是将测试区物面成像在相机接收屏上。其中,第一对共轭关系用来获得规则的、均匀的二次光源;第二对共轭关系主要是在刀口处形成狭缝像;第三对共轭关系主要用于获取测试区的纹影图像。所以,影响纹影系统的均匀性主要取决于第二对共轭关系,纹影系统的分辨率主要取决于第三对共轭关系。现有纹影系统的主镜和纹影镜尺寸都在米量级,很难保证主镜和纹影镜的加工尺寸以及折射率的均匀性,导致纹影系统的均匀性降低、分辨率下降。Existing schlieren imaging systems generally include three pairs of conjugation relationships, the first pair of conjugation relationships is to image the light source surface on the slit, the second pair of conjugation relationships is to image the slit on the knife edge, and the third pair of conjugation relationships. The yoke relationship is to image the object surface of the test area on the camera receiving screen. Among them, the first pair of conjugate relationship is used to obtain a regular and uniform secondary light source; the second pair of conjugate relationship is mainly used to form a slit image at the knife edge; the third pair of conjugate relationship is mainly used to obtain the pattern of the test area. shadow image. Therefore, the uniformity affecting the schlieren system mainly depends on the second pair of conjugation relations, and the resolution of the schlieren system mainly depends on the third pair of conjugation relations. The size of the main mirror and the schlieren mirror of the existing schlieren system is in the order of meters, and it is difficult to ensure the processing size of the main mirror and the schlieren mirror and the uniformity of the refractive index, which leads to a decrease in the uniformity and resolution of the schlieren system. .

实用新型内容Utility model content

本实用新型的目的是解决现有纹影系统均匀性和分辨率不高的问题,提供了一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统。The purpose of the utility model is to solve the problems of low uniformity and low resolution of the existing schlieren system, and provides a high-uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface.

本实用新型的技术方案是:The technical scheme of the present utility model is:

一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,包括光源系统、密封前观察窗、准直主反射镜、纹影系统、纹影主反射镜、密封后观察窗和成像系统;所述纹影系统包括依次设置的密封前纹影镜筒、试验舱、密封后纹影镜筒;所述密封前观察窗设置在密封前纹影镜筒的侧面,所述密封后观察窗设置在密封后纹影镜筒的侧面;所述准直主反射镜和纹影主反射镜均采用非球面反射镜;所述成像系统为长焦成像系统;光源系统发出的光线穿过密封前观察窗入射到准直主反射镜,经过准直主反射镜准后的光线经过密封前纹影镜筒进入试验舱,经过试验舱气流后通过密封后纹影镜筒入射到纹影主反射镜,纹影主反射镜将光线反射,通过密封后观察窗后入射到成像系统。A highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface, comprising a light source system, a sealed front observation window, a collimating main reflector, a schlieren system, a schlieren main reflector, a sealed rear observation window and an imaging system; the The schlieren system includes a schlieren lens barrel before sealing, a test chamber, and a schlieren lens barrel after sealing, which are arranged in sequence; the observation window before sealing is arranged on the side of the schlieren lens barrel before sealing, and the observation window after sealing is arranged on the side of the schlieren lens barrel before sealing. The side surface of the rear schlieren lens barrel; the collimating main reflector and the schlieren main reflector are both aspherical reflectors; the imaging system is a telephoto imaging system; the light emitted by the light source system is incident through the observation window before sealing After reaching the collimating main reflector, the light collimated by the collimating main reflector enters the test chamber through the schlieren tube before sealing, and enters the schlieren main reflector after passing through the air flow of the test chamber through the after-sealing schlieren tube. The primary reflector reflects the light and enters the imaging system after passing through the sealed rear viewing window.

进一步地,所述准直主反射镜和纹影主反射镜为同轴抛物面主反射镜,且关于试验舱对称放置,离轴角1.6°。Further, the collimating main reflection mirror and the schlieren main reflection mirror are coaxial parabolic main reflection mirrors, and are placed symmetrically with respect to the test chamber, with an off-axis angle of 1.6°.

进一步地,准直主反射镜和纹影主反射镜反射面设置有保护膜。Further, the reflecting surfaces of the collimating main reflecting mirror and the schlieren main reflecting mirror are provided with protective films.

进一步地,所述密封后观察窗为小尺寸密封后观察窗,其口径小于有效流场显示范围1/10。所述密封前观察窗为小尺寸密封前观察窗,其口径小于有效流场显示范围1/10。Further, the sealed observation window is a small-sized sealed observation window, and its diameter is smaller than 1/10 of the effective flow field display range. The sealing front observation window is a small-sized sealing front observation window, and its diameter is smaller than 1/10 of the effective flow field display range.

进一步地,所述密封前纹影镜筒和试验舱通过密封波纹管连接,所述试验舱和密封后纹影镜筒通过密封波纹管连接。Further, the schlieren lens barrel before sealing and the test chamber are connected by a sealing bellows, and the test chamber and the schlieren lens barrel after sealing are connected by a sealing bellows.

进一步地,所述光源系统包括依次设置的超高亮度LED灯、聚光透镜组、狭缝、第一平面反射镜。Further, the light source system includes an ultra-high-brightness LED lamp, a condensing lens group, a slit, and a first plane reflector, which are arranged in sequence.

进一步地,所述聚光透镜组光轴、狭缝中心,第一平面反射镜中心同轴设置。Further, the optical axis of the condenser lens group, the center of the slit, and the center of the first plane mirror are coaxially arranged.

进一步地,所述狭缝为“口”字型狭缝。Further, the slits are "mouth"-shaped slits.

进一步地,所述成像系统包括依次设置的第二平面反射镜、刀口、聚焦透镜组和纹影相机,以及控制刀口的刀口控制器。Further, the imaging system includes a second plane mirror, a knife edge, a focusing lens group and a schlieren camera arranged in sequence, and a knife edge controller for controlling the knife edge.

进一步地,密封前纹影镜筒和密封后纹影镜筒为圆柱型结构。Further, the schlieren lens barrel before sealing and the schlieren lens barrel after sealing are cylindrical structures.

本实用新型与现有技术相比,具有以下技术效果:Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:

1.本实用新型纹影系统采用非球面反射镜的设计,非球面反射镜为一种离轴抛物面设计,避免了球面反射镜的球差等像差,保证了图像的均匀性,极大地提升了纹影系统的均匀性和分辨率。1. The schlieren system of the present utility model adopts the design of an aspherical reflector, and the aspherical reflector is an off-axis paraboloid design, which avoids aberrations such as spherical aberration of the spherical reflector, ensures the uniformity of the image, and greatly improves the The uniformity and resolution of the schlieren system are improved.

2.本实用新型成像系统采用长焦成像系统,保证了纹影系统的分辨率。系统的分辨率正比于系统的口径,反比于系统的焦距,长焦系统具有更高的分辨率。2. The imaging system of the present invention adopts a telephoto imaging system, which ensures the resolution of the schlieren system. The resolution of the system is proportional to the aperture of the system and inversely proportional to the focal length of the system, and the telephoto system has a higher resolution.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1本实用新型采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the high-uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system of the present invention using an aspheric surface.

附图标记:1-超高亮度LED灯,2-聚光透镜组,3-狭缝,4-第一平面反射镜,5-密封前观察窗,6-准直主反射镜,7-密封前纹影镜筒,8-试验舱,9-密封后纹影镜筒,10-纹影主反射镜,11-密封后观察窗,12-第二平面反射镜,13-刀口,14-刀口控制器,15-聚焦透镜组,16-纹影相机,17-密封波纹管。Reference numerals: 1- super bright LED lamp, 2- condenser lens group, 3- slit, 4- first plane mirror, 5- sealed front viewing window, 6- collimating main mirror, 7- sealed Front Schlieren Tube, 8-Test Chamber, 9-Sealed Back Schlieren Tube, 10-Schlieren Primary Reflector, 11-Sealed Back Observation Window, 12-Second Plane Reflector, 13-Knife Edge, 14-Knife Edge Controller, 15- Focusing Lens Group, 16- Schlieren Camera, 17- Sealed Bellows.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图和具体实施例对本实用新型的内容作进一步详细描述。The content of the present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1所示,本实用新型提出一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,包括光源系统、密封前观察窗5、准直主反射镜6、纹影系统、纹影主反射镜10、密封后观察窗11和成像系统。As shown in Figure 1, the present utility model proposes a highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface, including a light source system, a sealed front observation window 5, a collimating main reflector 6, a schlieren system, and a schlieren main reflection Mirror 10, sealed rear viewing window 11 and imaging system.

光源系统包括依次设置的超高亮度LED灯1、聚光透镜组2、“口”字型狭缝3,第一平面反射镜4。超高亮度LED灯1应具有大的光通量值。聚光透镜组2的光轴、“口”字型狭缝3中心、第一平面反射镜4中心一致。“口”字型狭缝由“口”字形的四条窄的狭缝和红、黄、绿、蓝四种有色玻璃拼接成的组合滤色片构成。The light source system includes an ultra-high-brightness LED lamp 1 , a condensing lens group 2 , a "mouth"-shaped slit 3 , and a first plane reflection mirror 4 , which are arranged in sequence. The ultra-high brightness LED lamp 1 should have a large luminous flux value. The optical axis of the condenser lens group 2 , the center of the "mouth"-shaped slit 3 , and the center of the first plane mirror 4 are the same. The "mouth"-shaped slit is composed of four narrow slits in the "mouth" shape and a combined color filter formed by splicing four colored glasses of red, yellow, green and blue.

成像系统包括刀口控制器14、刀口13、第二平面反射镜12、聚焦透镜组15、纹影相机16。刀口13为“口”字形的四条窄的狭缝,刀口控制器14可以分别控制“口”字形的四条窄狭缝3的位置,使得光线可以全部通过刀口13。第二平面反射镜12,聚焦透镜组15、纹影相机16的光轴保持一致。纹影相机16位于聚焦透镜组15的焦点位置。光线通过密封后观察窗11后被第二平面反射镜12反射到刀口13,刀口控制器14控制刀口13内“口”字型四条狭缝3的位置,使得光线通过刀口13入射到聚焦透镜组15,聚焦透镜组15将光线聚焦到纹影相机16感光面上,纹影相机16对出射光线进行成像,得到试验舱8内高速气流的纹影图像。The imaging system includes a knife edge controller 14 , a knife edge 13 , a second plane mirror 12 , a focusing lens group 15 , and a schlieren camera 16 . The knife edge 13 is four narrow slits in the "mouth" shape, and the knife edge controller 14 can respectively control the positions of the four narrow slits 3 in the "mouth" shape, so that all light can pass through the knife edge 13 . The optical axes of the second plane mirror 12, the focusing lens group 15, and the schlieren camera 16 are kept the same. The schlieren camera 16 is located at the focal position of the focusing lens group 15 . The light passes through the sealed observation window 11 and is reflected to the knife edge 13 by the second plane mirror 12. The knife edge controller 14 controls the position of the four "mouth"-shaped slits 3 in the knife edge 13, so that the light enters the focusing lens group through the knife edge 13. 15. The focusing lens group 15 focuses the light on the photosensitive surface of the schlieren camera 16, and the schlieren camera 16 images the outgoing light to obtain a schlieren image of the high-speed airflow in the test chamber 8.

纹影系统包括密封前纹影镜筒7、试验舱8、密封后纹影镜筒9。密封前纹影镜筒7和密封后纹影镜筒9固定于试验舱8两端,试验舱8放置于高速风洞中。准直主反射镜6的准直出光轴与纹影系统的主轴保持一致,纹影主反射镜10的中心与准直主反射镜6的中心一致。密封前纹影镜筒7与试验舱8通过气密波纹管连接,密封前纹影镜筒7和密封后纹影镜筒9可焊接于试验舱8两侧,试验舱8与密封后纹影镜筒9间通过气密波纹管连接。密封前纹影镜筒7和密封后纹影镜筒9具体可为圆柱型,由不锈钢板卷曲焊接而成。准直主反射镜6的出射光线为平行光,平行光从密封前纹影镜筒7、试验舱8、密封后纹影镜筒9的中心轴线穿过。The schlieren system includes a schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing, a test chamber 8 and a schlieren lens barrel 9 after sealing. The schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing and the schlieren lens barrel 9 after sealing are fixed at both ends of the test chamber 8, and the test chamber 8 is placed in a high-speed wind tunnel. The collimated optical axis of the collimating main reflection mirror 6 is consistent with the main axis of the schlieren system, and the center of the schlieren main reflection mirror 10 is consistent with the center of the collimating main reflection mirror 6 . The schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing and the test chamber 8 are connected by an airtight bellows, the schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing and the schlieren lens barrel 9 after sealing can be welded on both sides of the test chamber 8, and the test chamber 8 and the schlieren after sealing can be welded on both sides. The lens barrels 9 are connected through an airtight bellows. The schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing and the schlieren lens barrel 9 after sealing can be cylindrical, and are formed by crimping and welding stainless steel plates. The outgoing light of the collimating main reflector 6 is parallel light, and the parallel light passes through the central axis of the schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing, the test chamber 8 and the schlieren lens barrel 9 after sealing.

密封前观察窗5设置在密封前纹影镜筒7的侧面,密封后观察窗11设置在密封后纹影镜筒9的侧面;密封前观察窗5为小尺寸密封前观察窗5,其口径小于有效流场显示范围1/10,不遮挡光线的有效通过口径。密封后观察窗11为小尺寸密封后观察窗11,其口径小于有效流场显示范围1/10,不遮挡光线有效通过口径。The observation window 5 before the sealing is arranged on the side of the schlieren lens barrel 7 before the sealing, and the observation window 11 after the sealing is arranged on the side of the schlieren lens barrel 9 after the sealing; It is less than 1/10 of the effective flow field display range, and does not block the effective passage aperture of light. The sealed observation window 11 is a small-sized sealed observation window 11, and its aperture is smaller than 1/10 of the effective flow field display range, and does not block the effective passage of light through the aperture.

准直主反射镜6与纹影主反射镜10都采用非球面反射镜,保证了纹影系统成像的均匀性。非球面反射镜为一种离轴抛物面设计,避免了球面反射镜的球差等像差,保证了图像的均匀性。Both the collimating main reflection mirror 6 and the schlieren main reflection mirror 10 are aspherical reflection mirrors, which ensures the uniformity of the imaging of the schlieren system. The aspheric mirror is an off-axis paraboloid design, which avoids the spherical aberration and other aberrations of the spherical mirror and ensures the uniformity of the image.

成像系统中聚焦透镜组15采用长焦成像系统,保证了纹影系统的分辨率。系统的分辨率正比于系统的口径,反比于系统的焦距,长焦系统具有更高的分辨率。In the imaging system, the focusing lens group 15 adopts a telephoto imaging system, which ensures the resolution of the schlieren system. The resolution of the system is proportional to the aperture of the system and inversely proportional to the focal length of the system, and the telephoto system has a higher resolution.

本实用新型在刀口13处形成狭缝共轭像,就可以提升纹影系统的均匀性,改进纹影相机16的纹影图像,就可以提升纹影系统的分辨率。通过非球面反射镜的设置,改进刀口13处形成狭缝共轭像的成像质量,提升纹影系统的均匀性。通过长焦距聚焦透镜组15的设置,改进纹影相机的纹影图像,提升纹影系统的分辨率。The utility model forms a slit conjugate image at the knife edge 13, which can improve the uniformity of the schlieren system, improve the schlieren image of the schlieren camera 16, and improve the resolution of the schlieren system. Through the setting of the aspherical mirror, the imaging quality of the conjugate image of the slit formed at the knife edge 13 is improved, and the uniformity of the schlieren system is improved. The schlieren image of the schlieren camera is improved by the setting of the long focal length focusing lens group 15, and the resolution of the schlieren system is improved.

超高亮度LED灯1发出的光线经过聚光透镜组2聚光,经过聚光透镜组2聚光后光线经过“口”字型狭缝3,被“口”字型狭缝中安装有红、黄、绿、蓝四种有色玻璃“口”字形的四条窄狭缝滤光。滤光后的光线被第一平面反射镜4反射到小尺寸密封前观察窗5,光线通过小尺寸密封前观察窗5入射到准直主反射镜6,准直主反射镜6对光线准直,并将光线反射到密封前纹影镜筒7,光线通过密封前纹影镜筒7到达试验舱8,试验舱8放置于高速风洞内,光线经过试验舱8内的高速风洞后通过密封后纹影镜筒9入射到纹影主反射镜10,纹影主反射镜10将光线反射通过小尺寸密封后观察窗11到达第二平面反射镜12,第二平面反射镜12将光线反射到刀口13,刀口控制器14控制刀口13内“口”字型的四条狭缝位置,使得光线通过刀口13抵达聚焦透镜组15,聚焦透镜组15将光线聚焦于纹影相机16的感光面,纹影相机16对出射光线进行成像,得到试验舱8内高速气流的纹影图像。The light emitted by the ultra-high-brightness LED lamp 1 is condensed by the condenser lens group 2, and after being condensed by the condenser lens group 2, the light passes through the "mouth"-shaped slit 3, and is installed in the "mouth"-shaped slit. , yellow, green, blue four kinds of colored glass "mouth" shaped four narrow slit filter. The filtered light is reflected by the first plane reflection mirror 4 to the observation window 5 before the small size sealing, and the light enters the collimating main reflection mirror 6 through the small size sealing front observation window 5, and the collimating main reflection mirror 6 collimates the light. , and reflect the light to the schlieren lens barrel 7 before sealing, the light reaches the test chamber 8 through the schlieren lens barrel 7 before the seal, the test chamber 8 is placed in the high-speed wind tunnel, and the light passes through the high-speed wind tunnel in the test chamber 8 After sealing, the schlieren barrel 9 is incident on the schlieren main reflector 10, and the schlieren main reflector 10 reflects the light through the small-sized sealed observation window 11 to reach the second plane reflector 12, and the second plane reflector 12 reflects the light. To the knife edge 13, the knife edge controller 14 controls the four slit positions of the "mouth" shape in the knife edge 13, so that the light reaches the focusing lens group 15 through the knife edge 13, and the focusing lens group 15 focuses the light on the photosensitive surface of the schlieren camera 16, The schlieren camera 16 images the outgoing light to obtain a schlieren image of the high-speed airflow in the test chamber 8 .

本实用新型系统采用了两块对称分布的大口径(1米级)非球面反射镜分别作为准直光路和成像系统的光学元件,采用长焦成像系统设计实现了高分辨率,采用精密光学加工与光学设计优化模拟保证了系统高照度均匀性。该实用新型成功地实现了1米级口径纹影主镜非球面化,获取得到高均匀性、高分辨率纹影图形,可供今后更大口径的纹影光学系统设计参考和推广。The system of the utility model adopts two symmetrically distributed large-diameter (1-meter-level) aspherical reflection mirrors as the optical elements of the collimating light path and the imaging system, respectively. Optimized simulation with optical design ensures high illumination uniformity of the system. The utility model successfully realizes the aspherical surface of the schlieren primary mirror with a diameter of 1 meter, and obtains a schlieren pattern with high uniformity and high resolution, which can be used as a reference and promotion for the design and promotion of a larger diameter schlieren optical system in the future.

本实用新型系统设计前,建立仿真环境,即在实验舱不放置任何物体,模拟纹影相机16接收到的图像,由于“口”字形狭缝出射的四种颜色光分别对应刀口的一个狭缝,分别仿真了每种颜色光经刀口切割后在像面上均匀性。纹影系统中,像面的均匀性与系统中的各个镜子面形有密切关系,考虑主镜面形加工误差、不同工况主镜支撑导致的主镜面形误差、平面反射镜面形误差、光束出入纹影筒密封观察窗影响,对纹影系统仿真,分析像面均匀性,再根据四种颜色光的结果叠加,获得纹影系统像面的均匀性。Before the system of the present invention is designed, a simulation environment is established, that is, no object is placed in the experimental cabin, and the image received by the schlieren camera 16 is simulated. Since the four color lights emitted by the "mouth"-shaped slit correspond to one slit of the knife edge respectively , respectively simulate the uniformity of each color light on the image plane after being cut by the knife edge. In the schlieren system, the uniformity of the image surface is closely related to the shape of each mirror in the system. Considering the processing error of the main mirror, the shape error of the main mirror caused by the support of the main mirror under different working conditions, the shape error of the plane mirror, the beam in and out The schlieren tube is affected by the sealed observation window, simulates the schlieren system, analyzes the uniformity of the image surface, and then superimposes the results of the four colors of light to obtain the uniformity of the image surface of the schlieren system.

纹影系统第三对共轭关系,即从测试区物面到纹影相机像面,决定了系统的分辨率。在物面处放置不同条纹宽度的原始图像,用CODE V软件分别设置纹影主反射镜、狭缝以及纹影成像系统,并且考虑系统综合误差,给出系统从物面到像面的传递函数和输出图像在所要求的分辨率处的对比度结果。设计纹影系统中各个光学元件的参数,在CODE V对设置准直主反射镜和纹影主反射镜参数,对纹影主系统的成像质量进行仿真,计算出图像的分辨率和像差等参数,根据所得到的图像信息,确定成像系统中聚焦透镜组的具体参数,得到一个高分辨率率和均匀性好的图像。The third pair of conjugate relations of the schlieren system, that is, from the object plane of the test area to the image plane of the schlieren camera, determines the resolution of the system. The original images with different stripe widths are placed at the object surface, and the schlieren main mirror, slit and schlieren imaging system are respectively set up by CODE V software, and the system comprehensive error is considered, and the transfer function of the system from the object surface to the image surface is given. and the contrast result of the output image at the required resolution. Design the parameters of each optical element in the schlieren system, set the parameters of the collimating main mirror and the schlieren main mirror in CODE V, simulate the imaging quality of the schlieren main system, and calculate the resolution and aberration of the image, etc. parameters, according to the obtained image information, determine the specific parameters of the focusing lens group in the imaging system, and obtain an image with good high resolution rate and uniformity.

准直主反射镜和纹影主反射镜关于试验舱对称放置,离轴角1.6°,准直主反射镜6和纹影主反射镜10为同轴抛物面主反射镜,其设计参数为:The collimating main mirror and the schlieren main mirror are placed symmetrically about the test chamber, with an off-axis angle of 1.6°. The collimating main mirror 6 and the schlieren main mirror 10 are coaxial parabolic main mirrors, and their design parameters are:

波长范围:435nm~700nm;Wavelength range: 435nm~700nm;

入瞳直径:Φ1200mm;Entrance pupil diameter: Φ1200mm;

焦距:12000mm;Focal length: 12000mm;

线膨胀系数:0±1.5×10-7/℃;Linear expansion coefficient: 0±1.5×10-7/℃;

直径Φ1250mm;Diameter Φ1250mm;

中心厚度175mm;Center thickness 175mm;

反射镜加工后应镀高反射系数的膜层和保护膜,保护膜为耐用SiO2膜层,防止高反的银膜氧化,对高反膜层进行保护,膜层反射率在90%以上,均匀性>97%。After the mirror is processed, a film with high reflection coefficient and a protective film should be coated. The protective film is a durable SiO2 film to prevent the oxidation of the high-reflection silver film and protect the high-reflection film. The reflectivity of the film is above 90% and uniform. Sex > 97%.

依据上述参数在CODE V软件中对系统光路进行参数设定,对系统成像质量进行仿真。According to the above parameters, the parameters of the optical path of the system are set in the CODE V software, and the imaging quality of the system is simulated.

Claims (10)

1.一种采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:包括光源系统、密封前观察窗(5)、准直主反射镜(6)、纹影系统、纹影主反射镜(10)、密封后观察窗(11)和成像系统;1. a highly uniform high-resolution schlieren optical system that adopts aspheric surface, it is characterized in that: comprise light source system, sealing front observation window (5), collimation main reflector (6), schlieren system, schlieren main reflection a mirror (10), a sealed rear viewing window (11) and an imaging system; 所述纹影系统包括依次设置的密封前纹影镜筒(7)、试验舱(8)、密封后纹影镜筒(9);所述密封前观察窗(5)设置在密封前纹影镜筒(7)的侧面,所述密封后观察窗(11)设置在密封后纹影镜筒(9)的侧面;The schlieren system comprises a schlieren lens barrel (7) before sealing, a test chamber (8), and a schlieren lens barrel (9) after sealing, which are arranged in sequence; the observation window (5) before sealing is arranged in the schlieren before sealing. the side of the lens barrel (7), the observation window (11) after the sealing is arranged on the side of the schlieren lens barrel (9) after the sealing; 所述准直主反射镜(6)和纹影主反射镜(10)均采用非球面反射镜;Both the collimating main reflection mirror (6) and the schlieren main reflection mirror (10) are aspherical reflection mirrors; 所述成像系统为长焦成像系统;The imaging system is a telephoto imaging system; 所述光源系统发出的光线穿过密封前观察窗(5)入射到准直主反射镜(6),经过准直主反射镜(6)准直后的光线经过密封前纹影镜筒(7)进入试验舱(8),经过试验舱(8)气流后通过密封后纹影镜筒(9)入射到纹影主反射镜(10),纹影主反射镜(10)将光线反射,通过密封后观察窗(11)后入射到成像系统。The light emitted by the light source system passes through the observation window (5) before sealing and is incident on the collimating main reflector (6), and the light after being collimated by the collimating main reflector (6) passes through the pre-sealing schlieren lens barrel (7). ) into the test chamber (8), and after passing through the test chamber (8), the air flow passes through the sealed schlieren lens barrel (9) and enters the schlieren main reflector (10), which reflects the light and passes through the schlieren main reflector (10). After sealing, the observation window (11) is incident on the imaging system. 2.根据权利要求1所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述准直主反射镜(6)和纹影主反射镜(10)为同轴抛物面主反射镜,且关于试验舱(8)对称放置,离轴角1.6°。2. The highly uniform high-resolution schlieren optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collimating main reflection mirror (6) and the schlieren main reflection mirror (10) are coaxial paraboloid main mirrors. The reflector is placed symmetrically with respect to the test chamber (8), with an off-axis angle of 1.6°. 3.根据权利要求2所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述准直主反射镜(6)和纹影主反射镜(10)的反射面设置有保护膜。3. The highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using aspherical surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reflection surfaces of the collimating main reflection mirror (6) and the schlieren main reflection mirror (10) are provided with protective film. 4.根据权利要求3所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述密封前观察窗(5)为小尺寸密封前观察窗,其口径小于有效流场显示范围1/10,所述密封后观察窗(11)为小尺寸密封后观察窗,其口径小于有效流场显示范围1/10。4. The highly uniform high-resolution schlieren optical system using aspheric surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: the observation window (5) before sealing is a small-sized observation window before sealing, and its aperture is smaller than the effective flow field display 1/10 of the range, the sealed rear observation window (11) is a small-sized sealed rear observation window, and its diameter is smaller than 1/10 of the effective flow field display range. 5.根据权利要求1至4任一所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述密封前纹影镜筒(7)和试验舱(8)通过密封波纹管(17)连接,所述试验舱(8)和密封后纹影镜筒(9)通过密封波纹管(17)连接。5. The high-uniform high-resolution schlieren optical system using aspheric surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the schlieren lens barrel (7) and the test chamber (8) before the sealing pass through the sealing corrugations The tube (17) is connected, and the test chamber (8) and the sealed schlieren lens barrel (9) are connected through the sealing bellows (17). 6.根据权利要求5所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述光源系统包括依次设置的超高亮度LED灯(1)、聚光透镜组(2)、狭缝(3)、第一平面反射镜(4)。6. The highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using aspherical surfaces according to claim 5, wherein the light source system comprises an ultra-high-brightness LED lamp (1) and a condensing lens group (2) arranged in sequence. , a slit (3), and a first plane mirror (4). 7.根据权利要求6所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述聚光透镜组(2)的光轴、狭缝(3)的中心,第一平面反射镜(4)的中心同轴设置。7. The high-uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface according to claim 6, wherein the optical axis of the condenser lens group (2), the center of the slit (3), the first plane The center of the reflector (4) is coaxially arranged. 8.根据权利要求7所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述狭缝(3)为“口”字型狭缝。8. The highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface according to claim 7, wherein the slit (3) is a "mouth"-shaped slit. 9.根据权利要求8所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:所述成像系统包括依次设置的第二平面反射镜(12)、刀口(13)、聚焦透镜组(15)和纹影相机(16),以及控制刀口(13)的刀口控制器(14)。9. The highly uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system using an aspheric surface according to claim 8, wherein the imaging system comprises a second plane mirror (12), a knife edge (13), a focusing lens arranged in sequence A group (15) and a schlieren camera (16), and a knife edge controller (14) for controlling the knife edge (13). 10.根据权利要求9所述的采用非球面的高均匀高分辨纹影光学系统,其特征在于:密封前纹影镜筒(7)和密封后纹影镜筒(9)为圆柱型结构。10 . The high-uniform and high-resolution schlieren optical system according to claim 9 , wherein the schlieren lens barrel ( 7 ) before sealing and the schlieren lens barrel ( 9 ) after sealing are cylindrical structures. 11 .
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110207928A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-09-06 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 It is a kind of using the uniform high-resolution schlieren optical system of aspherical height

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110207928A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-09-06 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 It is a kind of using the uniform high-resolution schlieren optical system of aspherical height

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