Combined anti-freezing device for air inlet shaft of underground mine
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an freeze-proof device of mine air inlet pit shaft, the underground mining mine of specially adapted high altitude, cold area is used for preventing frostbite of air inlet pit shaft winter.
Background
The air inlet shaft of the underground mine mainly comprises an auxiliary shaft and an air inlet shaft, and about 80 percent of the air inlet shaft of the underground mine has freezing disaster in the mine at high altitude and in cold areas. The cold low-temperature air on the earth surface enters along the air inlet shaft, and is condensed and frozen on the wall surface of the air inlet shaft, cables, pipelines and other equipment in the shaft under the cooling and cooling action of the low-temperature rock temperature of the air inlet shaft, so that the normal operation of the equipment in the shaft is seriously influenced, the equipment is damaged, more importantly, the day and night temperature difference change is large (the change can reach more than 10 ℃), the temperature drops sharply at night, the freezing speed in the air inlet shaft is increased, and ice blocks begin to melt when the temperature of the earth surface rises in the daytime. The ice blocks on the wall surface melt and fall off to form high-altitude falling to hit and hurt people, and the ice blocks in the ice cone shape can smash people to die under serious conditions. Therefore, the problem of freezing the air inlet shaft becomes a great potential safety hazard of the underground mine in the alpine region.
In order to solve the problem of icing of the shaft in winter, the Chinese patent application discloses an air inlet shaft air volume multiplying and heating anti-freezing device (application number: 201510159688.2), positive-pressure hot air flow is blown into the shaft downwards along the wall surface through an unclosed gap on the inner side of an annular shell of the device, the hot air flow with higher speed can form a negative pressure area above the shell, and the air at the well head is promoted to flow into the shaft and perform uniform heat exchange with the shaft, so that the aim of preventing the shaft from icing is fulfilled. The whole device is fixed on the wall surface near the wellhead by adopting an inserting and anchoring structure, hot air blown out from a shell gap is tightly attached to the wall surface, and the phenomenon that the wall surface is heated unevenly and frozen due to the fact that the hot air is directly extruded by a hot air channel can be prevented. However, the heating anti-freezing device can only solve the problem of partial anti-freezing of the shaft and is not suitable for solving the problem of freezing the air inlet shaft of the mine in the alpine region.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses an aim at, be exactly the above-mentioned problem to prior art existence, and provide a combination freeze-proof device of underground mine air inlet pit shaft, this combination freeze-proof device can lead to ventilation system wind current direction change characteristic according to the underground mine temperature difference change round the clock of alpine region, realizes that the normal ventilation and the anti-wind state of the branch period round the clock of air inlet pit shaft are frostproofing.
For realizing the above purpose of the utility model, the utility model relates to a combination freeze-proof device of underground mine air inlet pit shaft adopts following technical scheme:
the utility model relates to a combined anti-freezing device of an air inlet shaft of an underground mine, which is formed by combining a preheating unit, an air curtain unit, an annular jet flow air port, a fan device, an air door, a sensor and a PLC control system; the preheating unit is arranged on the surface of a wellhead of the air inlet shaft; the air curtain unit is arranged on the surface of a well mouth of the auxiliary well; the annular jet air port is arranged in a shaft of the auxiliary well to form a horizontal jet air curtain to block the surface cold air intake flow of the auxiliary well; the fan comprises a ground surface main fan and an air inlet shaft connecting lane auxiliary fan, the air inlet shaft connecting lane auxiliary fan is arranged in the air inlet shaft connecting lane, the ground surface main fan is arranged on the ground surface of the return air shaft, power of a full-mine ventilation system is provided, and underground dirty air passing through a stope operation area is discharged; the air doors comprise an air inlet shaft connecting lane air door, a middle section air inlet lane air door and a middle section air return lane air door, the air inlet shaft connecting lane air door is arranged in the air inlet shaft connecting lane, the middle section air inlet lane air door is arranged in the middle section air inlet lane, and the middle section air return lane air door is arranged in the middle section air return lane, so that the air doors play a role in regulating and controlling air flow; the sensors comprise an air quantity sensor and an air temperature sensor which are arranged on an air supply pipe at the outlet of the preheating unit, and another air quantity sensor and another air temperature sensor which are arranged in an air inlet shaft connecting lane, and are used for respectively detecting the actual air supply quantity and the air temperature of the preheating unit and the actual air quantity and the air temperature of the air inlet shaft connecting lane; the PLC control system is connected with each sensor, receives data collected by each sensor, and adjusts and controls the preheating unit, the air curtain unit, the fan and the air door to realize normal ventilation and anti-freezing in a counter-wind state of the air inlet shaft in day and night periods according to the following method.
The annular jet air port is horizontally arranged around the auxiliary well in a circle and is 1-2m away from the ground surface, and a horizontal jet air curtain for isolating the surface cold air intake flow of the auxiliary well is formed.
The air inlet shaft connecting lane auxiliary fan and the air inlet shaft connecting lane air door are sequentially arranged on the air inlet side in the air inlet shaft connecting lane, and the other air volume sensor and the other air temperature sensor which are arranged in the air inlet shaft connecting lane are positioned on the air outlet side in the air inlet shaft connecting lane.
The utility model relates to a combination freeze-proof device of underground mine air inlet pit shaft adopts above technical scheme after, has following positive effect:
(1) the air inlet volume of the air inlet shaft and the auxiliary shaft is reasonably regulated, the air curtain is arranged to separate the cold air inlet volume of the auxiliary shaft, and the air inlet shaft and roadway-connected auxiliary fan are arranged to regulate the air inlet volume of the air inlet shaft, so that the requirement of ventilation on air volume is met, the problem of well freezing of the auxiliary shaft is economically and reasonably solved, and the technical defects that the installation position of an auxiliary shaft preheating system is limited, the hot air conveying process influences the thermal comfort of personnel, the occupational health and safety are generated and the like in the prior art are overcome;
(2) by combining the change of the wind flow direction of the ventilation system caused by the change of the day and night temperature difference in the alpine region, the anti-freezing system adopted by the method reasonably and orderly utilizes the heat contained in the mine counter-wind flow for preventing the auxiliary shaft from freezing, obviously reduces the preheating energy consumption of the preheating system, and accords with the green, environment-friendly and energy-saving mine construction;
(3) the layout of the fan and the air door is reasonably arranged, the ventilation circuit is planned, the PLC control system is arranged, the opening and closing of the fan, the air door, the preheating unit and the air curtain unit are automatically controlled, and the normal ventilation and the anti-freezing of the anti-wind state of the air inlet shaft of the underground mine in the alpine region in day and night periods are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural layout schematic diagram of the combined anti-freezing device of the air inlet shaft of the underground mine.
The reference signs are: 1-auxiliary well; 2-an air inlet well; 3-connecting an air inlet shaft with a roadway; 4-minor well slate gate; 5-middle air inlet lane; 6-stope operation area; 7-middle section return airway; 8-return air shaft; 9-connecting an air inlet shaft with an auxiliary fan; 10-connecting air doors of an air inlet shaft; 11-middle section air intake lane air door; 12-middle section return airway air door; 13-earth surface main fan; 14-a PLC control system; 15-preheating the unit; 16-air volume sensor; 17-a wind temperature sensor; 18-an air curtain unit; 19-annular jet tuyere.
Detailed Description
For better describing the utility model, the following description will be made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
By figure 1 the utility model relates to a combination freeze-proof device of underground mine air inlet pit shaft's structural arrangement schematic diagram sees, auxiliary shaft 1, air inlet shaft 2, the vertical laying of return air shaft 8, 5 levels of middle section air inlet lane are laid, auxiliary shaft stone gate 4, 3 slopes in air inlet shaft allies oneself with the lane and lays, communicate through auxiliary shaft stone gate 4 between auxiliary shaft 1 and the middle section air inlet lane 5, air inlet shaft 2 with the middle section air inlet lane 5 between link lane 3 intercommunication through the air inlet shaft, fresh reposition of redundant personnel that 5 gave into of follow middle section air inlet lane enter into stope operation district 6, the underground foul wind after stope operation district 6 is discharged by middle section air inlet lane 7, return air shaft 8.
The utility model relates to a combined anti-freezing device of an air inlet shaft of an underground mine, which adopts an anti-freezing system which is formed by combining a preheating unit 15, an air curtain unit 18, an annular jet flow air port 19, a fan device, an air door, a sensor and a PLC control system 14; the preheating unit 15 is arranged on the ground surface of the well mouth of the air inlet well 2, cold air at the ground surface part is preheated and is sent into the shaft of the air inlet well 2 through a hot air pipe, the distance between the hot air pipe and the ground surface is 3-5m, hot air at an air outlet is prevented from flowing back to the ground surface due to floating and hot pressing, and the hot air is mixed with the cold air which is not preheated from the ground surface of the air inlet well 2 and then is sent into the well along the air inlet well 2; the air curtain unit 18 is arranged on the surface of the wellhead of the auxiliary well 1; the annular jet air port 19 is arranged in a shaft of the auxiliary well 1, the annular jet air port 19 is horizontally arranged around the auxiliary well 1 for a circle and is 1-2m away from the ground surface to form a horizontal jet air curtain to block the surface cold air intake flow of the auxiliary well 1, the jet power of the annular jet air port is provided by an air curtain unit 18, and the annular jet air port 19 and the air curtain unit are connected through an air pipe. The fan comprises an air inlet shaft connected lane auxiliary fan 9 and a ground surface main fan 13, the air inlet shaft connected lane auxiliary fan 9 is installed in an air inlet shaft connected lane 3, the air inlet amount of an auxiliary well 1 can be inhibited by the outlet air flow pressure of the air inlet shaft connected lane, the air inlet amount of an air inlet shaft 2 is relatively increased, and the increased air amount is not less than the air amount reduced because the auxiliary well 1 is separated by an annular jet flow air port 19 in numerical value so as to meet the total air inlet amount requirement of a mine; the ground surface main fan 13 is arranged on the ground surface of the return air shaft 8, provides power for the whole mine ventilation system and discharges underground dirty air after passing through the stope operation area 6. The air doors comprise an air inlet shaft connecting lane air door 10, a middle section air inlet lane air door 11 and a middle section air return lane air door 12, the air inlet shaft connecting lane air door 10 is arranged in the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3, the middle section air inlet lane air door 11 is arranged in the middle section air inlet lane 5, and the middle section air return lane air door 12 is arranged in the middle section air return lane 7, so that the air flow regulation and control functions are realized; the sensors comprise an air quantity sensor 16 and an air temperature sensor 17 which are arranged on an air supply pipe at the outlet of the preheating unit 15, and another air quantity sensor 16 and another air temperature sensor 17 which are arranged in the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3, and are used for respectively detecting the actual air supply quantity and the air temperature of the preheating unit 15 and the actual air quantity and the air temperature of the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3, so that the total air supply quantity is ensured to meet the ventilation requirements of breathing of operators in the operation area 6, ventilation, heat extraction, dust exhaust, blasting smoke exhaust and the like; the PLC control system 14 is connected with each sensor, receives data collected by each sensor, and adjusts and controls the operation of the preheating unit 15, the air curtain unit 18, the fan and the air door. The air inlet shaft connecting lane auxiliary fan 9 and the air inlet shaft connecting lane air door 10 are sequentially arranged on the air inlet side in the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3, and the other air volume sensor 16 and the other air temperature sensor 17 which are arranged in the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3 are positioned on the air outlet side in the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3.
The utility model discloses a combination freeze-proof device of underground mine air inlet pit shaft passes through PLC control system and is connected with each sensor, receives the data that each sensor gathered to regulation and control preheats unit, air curtain unit, fan, air door and realizes the normal ventilation of the branch day and night period of air inlet pit shaft and preventing frostbite of anti-wind state according to following method:
1) in a normal ventilation state in daytime, the air inlet shaft connecting lane auxiliary fan 9, the earth surface main fan 13, the preheating unit 15 and the air curtain unit 18 are started through the PLC control system 14, the air inlet shaft connecting lane air door 10, the middle section air inlet lane air door 11 and the middle section return air lane air door 12 are opened, and a trace amount of cold air flow flowing is kept at the cross section of the auxiliary shaft 1, the auxiliary shaft rock door 4 and the air inlet shaft connecting lane 3, so that a large amount of earth surface cold air is prevented from flowing downwards to meet a low-temperature shaft of the auxiliary shaft 1 to avoid the freezing well phenomenon; the hot air preheated by the preheating unit 15 is mixed with the ground surface air intake from the air intake shaft 2 and then heated, the mixed hot air moves downwards along the air intake shaft 2 to be cooled to absorb heat and then cooled, but the temperature of the mixed air is always higher than the freezing point temperature of the air, and the temperature of the mixed air is always higher than the freezing point temperature of the air, so that the air is prevented from freezing on the wall surface of the shaft of the air intake shaft 2. The mixed air flow continuously flows along the air inlet shaft connecting roadway 3, the middle air inlet roadway 5, the stope operation area 6 and the middle air return roadway 7 and finally flows out of the ground surface through the air return shaft 8.
2) Night headwind condition
① natural wind-back is preferred at night, which is generally carried out under the condition that at night the underground operators are less or totally evacuated from the upper well, so as to reduce the breathing influence of the dust-containing wind flow increased by the wind-back flow passing through the stope operation area 6 on the operators, and the sub-well 1 in the air inlet shaft can be selectively carried out wind-back with smaller wind-back wind quantity, the shaft of the sub-well 1 is heated by the wind-back flow with higher relative temperature, at the moment, the air inlet shaft 2 can close the preheating unit 15, and the waste heat effect of the air preheated by the air inlet shaft 2 passing through the preheating unit 15 in the daytime can be maintained to avoid the icing phenomenon at night, the PLC control system 14 forcibly closes the ground surface main fan 13, the air inlet shaft connecting lane auxiliary fan 9, the preheating unit 15 and the air curtain unit 18, opens the middle section air return lane air door 12 and the middle section air inlet lane air door 11, closes the air inlet lane connecting air door 10, and the wind-back flow returns to the air shaft 8, the stope operation area 6, the air inlet 5, the sub-well door 4, the flow circuit of the sub-well 1, and the temperature of the air inlet shaft is increased by the PLC, thereby avoiding the freezing phenomenon of the air in the condition that the shaft is not frozen in the freezing point of the well 1;
② artificial wind-back, wherein in the state of wind-back at night, the PLC control system 14 starts the earth surface main fan 13, closes the air intake lane connecting fan 9, the air curtain unit 18 and the preheating unit 15, opens the middle section return air lane air door 12 and the middle section air intake lane air door 11, closes the air intake lane connecting air door 10, and makes the wind-back wind flow according to the ventilation lines of the return air shaft 8, the middle section return air lane 7, the stope operation area 6, the middle section air intake lane 5, the subline door 4 and the subline 1, and the temperature of the wind flow in the stope operation area 6 is increased, and the temperature of the wind-back flow in the subline 1 wellbore is higher than the freezing point temperature of the air, thereby avoiding the freezing damage of the cold air in the subline 1 wellbore if the wind-back is not performed, and avoiding the freezing damage of the cold air in the subline 1 wellbore if the wind-back is not performed.