CN209944879U - 垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备 - Google Patents

垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备 Download PDF

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CN209944879U
CN209944879U CN201920842354.9U CN201920842354U CN209944879U CN 209944879 U CN209944879 U CN 209944879U CN 201920842354 U CN201920842354 U CN 201920842354U CN 209944879 U CN209944879 U CN 209944879U
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gas
rectifying tower
carbon dioxide
reboiler
enters
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吴志会
蔡斌斌
潘慈
洪英华
章子芳
陈娟
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Zhejiang Yuandao Power Group Co ltd
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HANGZHOU KAIDE KONGFEN EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，包括预处理系统、低温精馏系统和制冷系统，所述预处理系统依次包括原料压缩机、预冷器和脱硫塔；所述低温精馏系统包括第一精馏塔、第二精馏塔、二氧化碳储罐和气液分离器；所述制冷系统依次包括氨压缩机、并联的第一再沸器及第二再沸器、顶部冷凝器和回冷器，第一再沸器和第二再沸器分别位于第一精馏塔和第二精馏塔下部。本实用新型的设备通过对装置及管路的优化，设备运行稳定能耗低，能提取高纯度的二氧化碳液体，大大提高了废气的利用率，减少环境污染。

Description

垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备
技术领域
本实用新型涉及气体精馏分离设备技术领域，特别是垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备。
背景技术
随着物质水平的不断提高以及工业的不断发展,产生了大量的垃圾填埋气、沼气和化工尾气，如果处理不当，会引发全球气候变暖、威胁人类健康等一系列的问题。
比如，垃圾填埋气（沼气）约由60%甲烷（CH4）、35%二氧化碳（CO2）、0%-5%氮气（N2）、小于1%的氢气（H2）、小于0.4%的氧气（O2）与0.1%-3%硫化氢（H2S）、约1%-4%饱和水蒸气（H2O）等气体组成，目前的技术方案一般都是提取甲烷（CH4）气体用做燃料使用，其余的气体全部都排放到大气中，当作废气处理，尤其是35%二氧化碳（CO2）气体，大量的排放到大气中，会破坏臭氧层，导致全球的温室效应，与当下全球都致力于减少CO2排放的大环境背道而驰。
实用新型内容
本实用新型要解决现有技术的问题，提供垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，通过对装置及管路的优化，设备运行稳定能耗低，能提取高纯度的二氧化碳液体。
为达到上述目的，本实用新型采用的技术方案如下：
垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，包括预处理系统、低温精馏系统和制冷系统，所述预处理系统依次包括原料压缩机、预冷器和脱硫塔，原料压缩机为活塞压缩机。所述低温精馏系统包括第一精馏塔、第二精馏塔、二氧化碳储罐和气液分离器。所述制冷系统依次包括氨压缩机、并联的第一再沸器及第二再沸器、顶部冷凝器和回冷器，第一再沸器和第二再沸器分别位于第一精馏塔和第二精馏塔下部。
原料气体通过预处理系统处理，经过压缩机、预冷器和脱硫塔的压缩、冷却及净化至2.5MPa、10℃左右再气液分离后进入回冷器，接着通过V1阀管路进入第一精馏塔的中下部进行精馏，从第一精馏塔顶部出来的气体分为两路，一路通过V2阀管路进入第二精馏塔的中部参与精馏，另一路进入顶部冷凝器，通过顶部冷凝器冷凝后的部分进入气液分离器，从气液分离器出来的液相部分分为两路，一路通过V3阀管路回流进入第一精馏塔参与精馏，另一路通过V4阀管路回流进入第二精馏塔参与精馏，从第二精馏塔出来的即为纯度99.995%以上的液体二氧化碳，液体二氧化碳进入顶部冷凝器过冷至-25℃后在节流至1.8MPa通过V6阀管路进入二氧化碳储罐储存。
作为优先，所述第一精馏塔底部设有V8阀管路，V8阀管路连接废液回收储罐。第一精馏塔底部排出的是高沸点的丁烷、异丁烷等微量组分，通过废液回收储罐储存，可以回收利用，避免排放到大气中。
作为优先，从所述第二精馏塔顶部出来的气体先进入顶部冷凝器，冷量回收后，接着通过V7阀管路放空。
作为优先，还包括甲烷提纯系统，从所述气液分离器出来的气相部分通过V5阀管路进入甲烷提纯系统。气相部分为富甲烷气体，甲烷提纯系统对甲烷进行回收。
作为优先，所述甲烷提纯系统包括第三精馏塔，第三精馏塔上方设有冷凝器及与之连接的液氮储槽，第三精馏塔下方设有第三再沸器及与之连接的氮气压缩机和气化器，第三精馏塔底部设有管路连接甲烷储罐。富甲烷气体进入第三精馏塔进行精馏，甲烷液体通过底部管路进入甲烷储罐储存。
作为优先，所述第三精馏塔顶部设有管路对剩余的气体放空。
作为优先，所述第一精馏塔、第二精馏塔、气液分离器、第一再沸器、第二再沸器、顶部冷凝器和回冷器位于一个冷箱内，二氧化碳储罐、氨压缩机和废液回收储罐位于冷箱外，冷箱保证极其严密的绝热保冷，避免系统低温极易散冷的问题。
作为优先，所述第三精馏塔、冷凝器、液氮储槽和第三再沸器位于同一个冷箱内，氮气压缩机、气化器和甲烷储罐位于冷箱外。
作为优先，连接设备中各个装置的管路上设有阀门，比如制冷系统中氨压缩机与第一再沸器及第二再沸器之间的V9阀管路和V10阀管路，第一再沸器及第二再沸器顶部冷凝器之间的V12阀管路，顶部冷凝器与回冷器之间的V12阀管路，且这些阀门为调节阀。
作为优先，工艺设备采用合铝质材料，包括管道、塔器、分离器等装置。
本实用新型的有益效果在于：1、通过对装置及管路的优化，垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气通过净化处理过程中除去大量的水分及硫化氢（H2S）后通过低温精馏工艺，将CO2低温液体，在精馏塔底部获取高纯度的CO2液体，大大提高了废气的利用率，减少环境污染。
2、高纯的CO2液体可以应用于电子制造生产线保护气，钢铁焊接工艺，食品级CO2可用于饮料、啤酒充装，食品冷冻保鲜，制冷剂介质的的使用，油田的采油充压等领域。
3、工艺采用合铝质材料，包括管道、塔器、分离器等，即有耐低温效应，又保证了容器设备的应力强度，还降低了设备的总吨位质量。
4、工艺设备采用液氨做为制冷剂循环制冷，比R22制冷剂及R404A及丙烷制冷剂制冷效率高15%-20%之间，能够降低设备的使用能耗。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。
图中符号说明：1、原料压缩机，2、预冷器，3、脱硫塔，4、第一精馏塔，5、第二精馏塔，6、回冷器，7、氨压缩机，8、第一再沸器，9、第二再沸器，10、顶部冷凝器，11、二氧化碳储罐，12、气液分离器，13、废液回收储罐，14、第三精馏塔，15、冷凝器，16、液氮储槽，17、氮气压缩机，18、第三再沸器，19、气化器，20、甲烷储罐。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式和附图对本实用新型作进一步的说明。
具体实施方式为：如图1所示，垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，包括预处理系统、低温精馏系统、制冷系统和甲烷提纯系统。预处理系统依次包括原料压缩机1、预冷器2和脱硫塔3。低温精馏系统包括第一精馏塔4、第二精馏塔5、二氧化碳储罐11、气液分离器12和废液回收储罐13。制冷系统依次包括氨压缩机7、并联的第一再沸器8及第二再沸器9、顶部冷凝器10和回冷器6，第一再沸器8和第二再沸器9分别位于第一精馏塔4和第二精馏塔5下部。甲烷提纯系统包括第三精馏塔14，第三精馏塔14上方设有冷凝器15及与之连接的液氮储槽16，第三精馏塔14下方设有第三再沸器18及与之连接的氮气压缩机17和气化器19，第三精馏塔14底部设有管路连接甲烷储罐20。
其中，第一精馏塔4、第二精馏塔5、气液分离器12、第一再沸器8、第二再沸器9、顶部冷凝器10和回冷器6位于同一个冷箱内，第三精馏塔14、冷凝器15、液氮储槽16和第三再沸器18位于同一个冷箱内。
预处理系统的工作过程是：原料气体经过压缩机1、预冷器2和脱硫塔3的压缩、冷却及净化至2.5MPa、10℃左右再气液分离，除去大量的水分及硫化氢（H2S）。
低温精馏系统的工作过程是：预处理后的气体进入回冷器6冷却至-9℃左右，接着通过V1阀管路进入第一精馏塔4的中下部进行精馏，第一精馏塔4底部排出的是高沸点的丁烷、异丁烷等微量组分，通过V8阀管路进入废液回收储罐13储存，从第一精馏塔4顶部出来的气体分为两路，一路通过V2阀管路进入第二精馏塔5的中部参与精馏，另一路进入顶部冷凝器10，通过顶部冷凝器10冷凝后的部分进入气液分离器12，从气液分离器出来的气相部分（富甲烷气体）通过V5阀管路进入甲烷提纯系统，液相部分分为两路，一路通过V3阀管路回流进入第一精馏塔4参与精馏，另一路通过V4阀管路回流进入第二精馏塔5参与精馏，第二精馏塔5顶部出来的气体先进入顶部冷凝器10，接着通过V7阀管路放空，从第二精馏塔5出来的即为纯度99.995%以上的液体二氧化碳，液体二氧化碳进入顶部冷凝器10过冷至-25℃后在节流至1.8MPa通过V6阀管路进入二氧化碳储罐11储存。
制冷系统的工作过程是：气氨通过氨压缩机7后进入冷箱分成两路，一路通过V9阀管路进入第一精馏塔4的第一再沸器8，为第一精馏塔4塔釜提供热源，另一路通过V10阀管路进入第二精馏塔5的第二再沸器9，为第二精馏塔5塔釜提供热源，从第一再沸器8、第二再沸器9出来后，氨气冷凝为液体，在V12阀管路降压后进入到顶部冷凝器10，液氨释放冷量后，蒸发成气态从顶部冷凝器顶部出口排出，进入回冷器6回收能量后出冷箱回到氨压缩机7，一次制冷循环结束。
甲烷提纯系统的工作过程是：从气液分离器12出来的富甲烷气体通过V5阀管路进入第三精馏塔14进行精馏，配合上方的冷凝器15及液氮储槽16，下方的第三再沸器18，及冷箱外与第三再沸器18连接的氮气压缩机17和气化器19，甲烷液体通过底部管路进入甲烷储罐20储存，参与部分通过第三精馏塔14顶部管路放空。
此外，在本实用新型的实施方式中，连接工艺设备中各个装置的管路上设有阀门，且阀门可以为调节阀。
以上所述仅为本实用新型的具体实施例，但本实用新型的结构特征并不局限于此，本实用新型可以用于类似的产品上，任何本领域的技术人员在本实用新型的领域内，所作的变化或修饰皆涵盖在本实用新型的专利范围之中。

Claims (9)

1.垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，包括预处理系统、低温精馏系统和制冷系统，其特征在于：
所述预处理系统依次包括原料压缩机（1）、预冷器（2）和脱硫塔（3）；所述低温精馏系统包括第一精馏塔（4）、第二精馏塔（5）、二氧化碳储罐（11）和气液分离器（12）；所述制冷系统依次包括氨压缩机（7）、并联的第一再沸器（8）及第二再沸器（9）、顶部冷凝器（10）和回冷器（6），第一再沸器（8）和第二再沸器（9）分别位于第一精馏塔（4）和第二精馏塔（5）下部；
原料气体通过预处理系统处理后进入回冷器（6），接着通过V1阀管路进入第一精馏塔（4），第一精馏塔（4）顶部出来的气体分为两路，一路通过V2阀管路进入第二精馏塔（5），另一路进入顶部冷凝器（10），通过顶部冷凝器（10）之后进入气液分离器（12），从气液分离器（12）出来的液相部分分为两路，一路通过V3阀管路进入第一精馏塔（4），另一路通过V4阀管路进入第二精馏塔（5），从第二精馏塔（5）出来的高纯液体二氧化碳先进入顶部冷凝器（10），再通过V6阀管路进入二氧化碳储罐（11）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：所述第一精馏塔（4）底部设有V8阀管路，V8阀管路连接废液回收储罐（13）。
3.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：从所述第二精馏塔（5）顶部出来的气体先进入顶部冷凝器（10），接着通过V7阀管路放空。
4.根据权利要求1所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：还包括甲烷提纯系统，从所述气液分离器（12）出来的气相部分通过V5阀管路进入甲烷提纯系统。
5.根据权利要求4所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：所述甲烷提纯系统包括第三精馏塔（14），第三精馏塔（14）上方设有冷凝器（15）及与之连接的液氮储槽（16），第三精馏塔（14）下方设有第三再沸器（18）及与之连接的氮气压缩机（17）和气化器（19），第三精馏塔（14）底部设有管路连接甲烷储罐（20）。
6.根据权利要求5所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：所述第三精馏塔（14）顶部设有管路放空。
7.根据权利要求2所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：所述第一精馏塔（4）、第二精馏塔（5）、气液分离器（12）、第一再沸器（8）、第二再沸器（9）、顶部冷凝器（10）和回冷器（6）位于一个冷箱内。
8.根据权利要求5所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：所述第三精馏塔（14）、冷凝器（15）、液氮储槽（16）和第三再沸器（18）位于一个冷箱内。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备，其特征在于：连接设备中各个装置的管路上设有阀门，且阀门为调节阀。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110195962A (zh) * 2019-06-05 2019-09-03 杭州凯德空分设备有限公司 垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备
CN116518647A (zh) * 2023-04-11 2023-08-01 英德市西洲气体有限公司 一种一氧化氮气体中脱除氧化亚氮的装置及脱除方法
CN116518647B (zh) * 2023-04-11 2024-06-28 英德市西洲气体有限公司 一种一氧化氮气体中脱除氧化亚氮的装置及脱除方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110195962A (zh) * 2019-06-05 2019-09-03 杭州凯德空分设备有限公司 垃圾填埋气、沼气或化工尾气提取高纯二氧化碳工艺设备
CN116518647A (zh) * 2023-04-11 2023-08-01 英德市西洲气体有限公司 一种一氧化氮气体中脱除氧化亚氮的装置及脱除方法
CN116518647B (zh) * 2023-04-11 2024-06-28 英德市西洲气体有限公司 一种一氧化氮气体中脱除氧化亚氮的装置及脱除方法

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