CN209927700U - High mountain snow making pipeline friction coefficient testing arrangement - Google Patents
High mountain snow making pipeline friction coefficient testing arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN209927700U CN209927700U CN201920656389.3U CN201920656389U CN209927700U CN 209927700 U CN209927700 U CN 209927700U CN 201920656389 U CN201920656389 U CN 201920656389U CN 209927700 U CN209927700 U CN 209927700U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model provides a snow pipeline coefficient of friction testing arrangement is made to high mountain and method thereof involves the pipeline transportation field for the coefficient of friction of snow pipeline and surrounding soil body is made in the survey, thereby reduces fixing support's the construction degree of difficulty, practices thrift the cost. The friction coefficient testing device for the high mountain snow-making pipeline comprises: one end of the snow making pipeline is fixed in the compacted soil body, the other end of the snow making pipeline is provided with a reaction plate, and the reaction plate is connected with the snow making pipeline through at least one steel wire; the steel wire is provided with a tension sensor which is electrically connected with a tension acquisition instrument; a fixed plate is arranged between the reaction plate and the snow making pipeline, and a jack is arranged between the fixed plate and the reaction plate; and the other end of the snow making pipeline is also provided with a dial indicator. The device is suitable for the field of pipelines laid in high mountains.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the field of pipeline transportation, in particular to a friction coefficient testing device for a high mountain snow making pipeline.
[ background of the invention ]
In the construction process of the alpine skiing track, a snow making pipeline needs to be laid to ensure snow for the track, and particularly in the long-distance skiing track, the snow making pipeline needs to be laid to be long.
Because the snow making pipeline needing to be laid has a certain inclination angle, the construction difficulty of the fixed support is increased. If the friction coefficient generated by the interaction of the snow making pipeline and the surrounding soil body can be estimated, the construction difficulty of the fixed support can be reduced, and the construction budget can be reduced.
Therefore, how to measure the friction coefficient between the snow making pipeline and the surrounding soil body is a technical problem to be solved by calculating the amount of personnel in the field.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a friction coefficient testing device for a high mountain snow making pipeline, which is used for measuring the friction coefficient of the snow making pipeline and the surrounding soil body, so that the construction difficulty of a fixed support is reduced, and the cost is saved.
The invention provides a friction coefficient testing device for a high mountain snow making pipeline, which comprises:
one end of the snow making pipeline is fixed in the compacted soil body, the other end of the snow making pipeline is provided with a reaction plate, and the reaction plate is connected with the snow making pipeline through at least one steel wire; the steel wire is provided with a tension sensor which is electrically connected with a tension acquisition instrument;
a fixed plate is arranged between the reaction plate and the snow making pipeline, and a jack is arranged between the fixed plate and the reaction plate;
and the other end of the snow making pipeline is also provided with a dial indicator.
Optionally, the reaction plate and the snow making pipeline are connected through four steel wires.
Optionally, the compacted soil mass has a compaction greater than or equal to 86%.
Optionally, the compacted soil body is screened soil with the diameter less than or equal to 2 mm.
Optionally, the other end of the dial indicator is fixed;
one end of the fixing plate is fixed.
One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects:
the friction coefficient testing device for the high mountain snow making pipeline in the embodiment can test the friction coefficient of the snow making pipeline and the surrounding soil body according to displacement data collected by the dial indicator and collected tensile stress data. The friction coefficient is determined, so that on one hand, the construction parameters of the pipeline fixing support can be optimized, and the engineering cost and the construction period are reduced; on the other hand, the construction difficulty can be reduced, and the construction safety is improved; on the other hand, the higher friction coefficient can improve the stability of the snow making pipeline and utilize the laying of the snow making pipeline.
Moreover, in the embodiment, the higher compaction degree and the fine and smooth screening soil can enable the soil covering the snow making pipeline to resist the higher traction force brought by the jack, avoid the influence of the sliding of the snow making pipeline on experimental data, and improve the safety degree in the testing process.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a friction coefficient testing device for a mountain snow-making pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic view of a friction coefficient testing device for a mountain snow-making pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another schematic view of a friction coefficient testing device for a mountain snow-making pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the friction coefficient of a mountain snow-making pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining the internal friction angle of a compacted earth mass according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating shear force versus displacement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the shear resistance versus vertical pressure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
Before describing the present embodiment in detail, a brief overview of the technical context involved in the present invention is provided:
when the pipeline is laid on a mountain, the pipeline needs to be laid along the slope of the mountain, and the fixed support has certain construction difficulty, for example, in some large-scale alpine skiing sites, a snow-making pipeline needs to be laid to realize long-distance transportation of snow for a track. At the moment, if the friction force between the pipeline and the surrounding soil body can be determined, the construction parameters of the pipeline fixing support can be optimized by using the friction force, and the engineering cost and the construction period are reduced. And, the increase of the friction coefficient can improve the stability of the pipeline.
How to determine the friction coefficient of the snow making pipeline and the surrounding soil body, determine the friction force of the snow making pipeline, reduce the construction cost and improve the stability of the snow making pipeline is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
In order to solve the technical problem, the inventor proposes the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a friction coefficient testing device for a high mountain snow-making pipeline, as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the friction coefficient testing device for the high mountain snow-making pipeline provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the friction coefficient testing device 100 for the high mountain snow-making pipeline comprises:
one end of the snow making pipeline 11 is fixed in the compacted soil body 17, the other end of the snow making pipeline 11 is provided with a reaction plate 12, and the reaction plate 12 is connected with the snow making pipeline 11 through at least one steel wire 19. The steel wire 19 is provided with a tension sensor 20, and the tension sensor 20 is electrically connected with the tension acquisition instrument 18. Specifically, the snow making steel pipe with the length of 2m to 3m can be selected as the measured snow making pipeline.
For example, if the soil covering the snow making pipeline is relatively loose, the snow making pipeline has a longer sliding distance under a larger tensile stress, which may affect the accuracy of experimental data on one hand and threaten the experimental safety on the other hand. Therefore, the degree of compaction of the compacted soil mass has a crucial influence on the determination of the coefficient of friction.
In this embodiment, the compacted soil may have a compaction greater than or equal to 86% and may be screened soil having a diameter less than or equal to 2 mm. Higher compactness and fine and smooth screening soil can make the higher traction force that the jack brought is resisted to the soil that covers the pipeline of making snow, avoids the influence of the slip of the pipeline of making snow to experimental data, promotes the degree of safety in the test process.
The degree of compaction in this example is understood to be the ratio of the dry bulk weight of the compacted soil to the standard dry density of the soil, and the specific test method is as follows:
coating a layer of vaseline on the inner wall of the cutting ring in advance, so that the influence of the friction force between soil and a container on a test result is avoided; placing the knife edge of the cutting ring downwards on the soil body at a set detection position; cutting the soil sample into a soil sample slightly larger than the diameter of the cutting ring by a soil repairing cutter or a wire saw, and then vertically pressurizing the cutting ring until the soil sample extends out of the upper part of the cutting ring; cutting off the residual soil at two ends to be flush with two surfaces of the cutting ring; and wiping the outer wall of the cutting ring, and weighing the outer wall to 0.1 g. And calculating the dry density of the soil sample to further obtain the compaction degree and the compacted soil density. The degree of compaction, also known as the compaction factor, is understood to be the ratio of the weight of the compacted unit volume in situ to the maximum compacted weight of the positioned volume made in the laboratory. The closer the compaction factor is to 1, the higher the compaction quality requirement.
It should be noted that, because the compactness in the test process has a crucial influence on the pipeline friction, the compactness of the soil body compacted by backfilling needs to be measured in each test process, so as to ensure the accuracy of the test result.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a fixed plate 14 is provided between the reaction plate 12 and the snow making pipe 11, and a jack 13 is provided between the fixed plate 14 and the reaction plate 12. In the test process, the jack 13 jacks up the reaction plate 12, loads are applied to the snow making pipeline 11 through the steel wire 19, and the tensile stress data can be collected and transmitted to the tensile force collector 18 due to the tension sensor 20 arranged on the steel wire. Since the jack 13 acts directly on the fixed plate 14, it is ensured that it is strong enough to perform the friction force test.
The other end of the snow making pipeline 11 is also provided with a dial indicator 16, and the dial indicator 16 is used for recording displacement data. Specifically, with the continuous increase of the loading stress, when the pointer of the dial indicator 16 starts to swing, the pulling force acquisition instrument 18 is used for recording the value of the pulling-down stress, the pulling force is continuously loaded, and the displacement data of the dial indicator 16 is recorded.
The friction coefficient testing device for the mountain snow-making pipeline in the embodiment can test the friction coefficient of the snow-making pipeline and the surrounding soil body according to displacement data collected by the dial indicator 16 and collected tensile stress data. The friction coefficient is determined, so that on one hand, the construction parameters of the pipeline fixing support can be optimized, and the engineering cost and the construction period are reduced; on the other hand, the construction difficulty can be reduced, and the construction safety is improved; on the other hand, the higher friction coefficient can improve the stability of the snow making pipeline and is beneficial to the laying of the snow making pipeline.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, which is another structural schematic diagram of the friction coefficient testing device for the alpine snow making pipeline provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the reaction plate 12 is connected with the snow making pipeline 11 through four steel wires 19. The number of the steel wires 19 is large, so that the relative positions of the steel wires and the base can be fixed, shaking is avoided, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, it is another schematic structural diagram of the friction coefficient testing apparatus for a mountain snow-making pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the other end of the dial indicator 16 is fixed, and specifically, the other end of the dial indicator 16 is fixed on the ground 15. Therefore, the oscillation of the dial indicator 16 can be avoided, and the accuracy of the numerical value is ensured.
Similarly, as shown in fig. 3, one end of the fixing plate 14 is also fixed on the ground 15, so that the fixing plate 14 is prevented from being affected by the jack, and the accuracy of the test data is ensured.
The invention provides a friction coefficient testing method for a high mountain snow making pipeline, which is suitable for the friction coefficient testing device 100 for the high mountain snow making pipeline in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing a friction coefficient of a snow pipeline in a mountain according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method for testing a friction coefficient of a snow pipeline in a mountain includes:
and S101, applying load to the snow making pipeline through a jack.
And S102, collecting tensile stress data generated by the tension sensor and transmitting the tensile stress data to a tension collecting instrument.
And S103, collecting displacement data of the dial indicator.
And S104, calculating the friction coefficient between the snow making pipeline and the compacted soil body.
The formula for calculating the unit friction force F is as follows:
wherein F is the friction force in unit length, the unit is N/m, and the friction force in unit length can be obtained by the tension acquisition instrument 18; mu is a friction coefficient; k0The static pressure coefficient of the compacted soil body is calculated by referring to the formula (2); dcThe unit is m for the outer diameter of the snow making pipeline, and accurate data can be obtained before testing; sigmavThe stress of a compacted soil body at the central line of the snow making pipeline is expressed in Pa, and the calculation can refer to a formula (3); g is the dead weight of the snow making pipeline in unit length, the unit is N/m, and the numerical value can be obtained before testing; rho is the density of the compacted soil body and has the unit of g/cm3Can be obtained by a cutting ring measurement method; g is the acceleration of gravity, and the unit is 9.8m/s2。
Further, the static pressure coefficient K of the compacted soil body0The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
K0＝1-sinφ (2)
wherein phi is the internal friction angle of the compacted soil body. The specific determination method is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5 to 7, fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring an internal friction angle of a compacted soil body according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a schematic curve of a shearing force and a displacement according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 is a schematic curve of a shearing resistance and a vertical pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a method for testing an internal friction angle Φ of a compacted soil body is as follows:
s201, measuring the shear strength of the compacted soil body according to a direct shear experiment.
S202, determining an internal friction angle phi of the compacted soil body.
Further, the direct shear test comprises:
four samples were selected and tested at vertical pressures of 100kpa, 200kpa, 300kpa, 400kpa, respectively.
When the vertical pressure is 100kpa, the shear force is about 120kpa as shown in fig. 6; at a vertical pressure of 200kpa, the shear force is about 207 kpa; at a vertical pressure of 300kpa, the shear force is about 281 kpa; at a vertical pressure of 400kpa, the shear was about 325 kpa. As shown in fig. 7, based on fig. 6, the maximum value corresponding to the vertical pressure is selected, and four points are fitted to form a straight line, the slope of which is the internal friction angle Φ, which is about 35.80 °.
Still further, the compacted soil stress sigma at the central line of the snow making pipelinevThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
σv＝ρ×g×H (3)
wherein the density of the compacted soil body is g/cm3(ii) a Is the acceleration of gravity, and has a unit of 9.8m/s2(ii) a The depth of the compacted soil body at the center of the snow making pipeline is measured in m, and the value can be obtained before the test.
Therefore, as can be seen from the above equations (2) to (4), the calculation formula of the friction coefficient between the snow making pipeline and the compacted soil body is as follows:
wherein, the mark in the formula (1) can refer to the mark in the formula (4).
According to the method for testing the friction coefficient of the high mountain snow making pipeline in the embodiment, the friction coefficient of the snow making pipeline and the surrounding soil body can be tested according to displacement data acquired by a dial indicator and acquired tensile stress data. The friction coefficient is determined, so that on one hand, the construction parameters of the pipeline fixing support can be optimized, and the engineering cost and the construction period are reduced; on the other hand, the construction difficulty can be reduced, and the construction safety is improved. On the other hand, the higher friction coefficient can improve the stability of the snow making pipeline and utilize the laying of the snow making pipeline.
It should be emphasized that, although the present embodiment is a technical invention designed based on the construction of alpine ski tracks, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing the present disclosure that it can be applied to the laying of alpine pipes. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the above embodiments, but should be construed as being encompassed within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A friction coefficient testing device for a high mountain snow making pipeline is characterized by comprising:
one end of the snow making pipeline is fixed in the compacted soil body, the other end of the snow making pipeline is provided with a reaction plate, and the reaction plate is connected with the snow making pipeline through at least one steel wire; the steel wire is provided with a tension sensor which is electrically connected with a tension acquisition instrument;
a fixed plate is arranged between the reaction plate and the snow making pipeline, and a jack is arranged between the fixed plate and the reaction plate;
and the other end of the snow making pipeline is also provided with a dial indicator.
2. The mountain snow making pipeline friction coefficient test device according to claim 1,
the reaction plate is connected with the snow making pipeline through four steel wires.
3. The mountain snow making pipeline friction coefficient test device according to claim 1,
the compaction degree of the compacted soil body is greater than or equal to 86%.
4. The mountain snow making pipeline friction coefficient test device according to claim 1,
the compacted soil body is screened soil with the diameter less than or equal to 2 mm.
5. The mountain snow making pipeline friction coefficient test device according to claim 1,
the other end of the dial indicator is fixed;
one end of the fixing plate is fixed.
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| CN109975204A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-05 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | A kind of high mountain artificial snow-making pipeline testing device for friction coefficient and its method |
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| CN109975204A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-05 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | A kind of high mountain artificial snow-making pipeline testing device for friction coefficient and its method |
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