CN209838413U - Test device for sharp bending tunnel model - Google Patents
Test device for sharp bending tunnel model Download PDFInfo
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- CN209838413U CN209838413U CN201822123143.8U CN201822123143U CN209838413U CN 209838413 U CN209838413 U CN 209838413U CN 201822123143 U CN201822123143 U CN 201822123143U CN 209838413 U CN209838413 U CN 209838413U
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Abstract
Sharp bend tunnel model test device to the period is selected for the important parameter of sharp bend shield tunnel in actual design construction and avoids with the engineering disease, explores that stratum load effect changes and gives corresponding reasonable suggestion. In order to achieve the design purpose, the test device for the sharp-bending tunnel model mainly comprises the following components: the sandbox is used for filling a soil layer of a simulation test inside, and a plurality of settlement observation points are paved on the surface of the soil layer; the simulation shield machine comprises shells with different curvatures and a motor driving system so as to simulate shield operation in a sandbox; the ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor, and is used for monitoring ground surface settlement data in the shield operation excavation process, obtaining the corresponding relation between soil layer settlement and the curvature of the sharply-curved tunnel and providing guidance for subsequent field construction.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a sharp bend tunnel model test device belongs to civil engineering technical field.
Background
Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground and are a form of human use of underground space.
At present, the common and most main method for tunnel construction is a shield method. Because most of urban underground engineering is buried shallowly, urban underground pipelines and pile foundations are densely distributed due to underground space development, and complicated ground conditions and geological conditions are usually accompanied by excavation sections, so that the tunnel line planning under some conditions has to adopt a sharp turning mode with a small curvature radius to realize steering, and the sharp turning tunnel form brings great challenges to the design and construction of the tunnel.
Therefore, the design and construction of the sharp-bending tunnel are very important.
In the existing built shield tunnel, the problems that the posture of the shield machine is difficult to adjust and the shield machine is blocked and the like possibly caused in the construction are endless, and in the design and construction of the sharp-turn shield tunnel engineering with higher difficulty, if the problems are not properly treated, the problems are inevitably caused to occur more frequently, and the value of the minimum turning radius of the shield tunnel is not only related to the size of the shield machine, but also related to the ground surface settlement influenced by the curvature of the tunnel.
In view of this, the present patent application is specifically proposed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Sharp bend tunnel model test device, its aim at solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists and provide a sharp bend tunnel model test device and the test method based on the device implements to select for the important parameter of sharp bend shield tunnel in actual design construction and avoid with the engineering disease, explore stratum load effect change, and give corresponding reasonable suggestion.
In order to achieve the design purpose, the test device for the sharp-bending tunnel model mainly comprises the following components:
the sandbox is used for filling a soil layer of a simulation test inside, and a plurality of settlement observation points are paved on the surface of the soil layer;
the simulation shield machine comprises shells with different curvatures and a motor driving system so as to simulate shield operation in a sandbox;
the ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor, and is used for monitoring ground surface settlement data in the shield operation excavation process, obtaining the corresponding relation between soil layer settlement and the curvature of the sharply-curved tunnel and providing guidance for subsequent field construction.
According to the basic scheme, the small simulation shield machine is adopted to carry out excavation operation in the sandbox, the influence on stratum damage is analyzed by the surface subsidence monitoring system by simulating the excavation process of the shield tunnel under the conditions of different stratum depths and different turning radii, and therefore the high-reality-degree similar transformation between the actual tunnel engineering and the indoor model test can be achieved.
And measuring the surface settlement condition of the soil body in the sandbox by adopting a surface settlement monitoring system and a high-precision laser displacement sensor so as to simulate the stratum load effect in the construction process of the sharp-bending tunnel to the maximum extent.
The sandbox is further improved and optimized in that the sandbox is provided with a box body and a front box plate which is movably connected;
a circular opening for the simulated earth pressure shield machine to enter and exit is formed in the front box plate, and the size of the circular opening is the same as that of a cutter head with the maximum diameter of the simulated earth pressure shield machine;
a plurality of bolt holes are formed in two sides of the front box plate, a plurality of positioning openings are correspondingly formed in the front part of the box body of the sandbox, and a sliding groove for inserting the front box plate is formed in the front part of the box body;
and a bearing beam for mounting the laser displacement sensor is arranged at the top of the box body.
In addition, gaskets with different apertures simulating the size of the excavation section can be arranged on the circular opening.
Aiming at the simulation shield machine, the following refinement scheme can be adopted, namely the exterior structure of the simulation shield machine is reduced in proportion to the actually used shield machine; the simulation shield machine is provided with cutterheads with different diameters and scrapers which are arranged in the radial direction; the driving system of the motor of the simulation shield machine comprises a power supply, a motor, a speed reducer and a pinion for driving a large gear of a cutter head.
Aiming at the ground surface settlement monitoring system, the following refinement scheme can be adopted, wherein the ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor arranged on a bearing beam; the transmitting end of the laser displacement sensor is aligned with the paved surface settlement monitoring point, and the returned laser signal is received by the receiving end.
In conclusion, the sharp-bending tunnel model test device has the advantages that the damage and the influence of shield construction on the sharp-bending curve tunnel stratum can be simulated to the maximum extent under the condition of a laboratory, so that high-fidelity similarity transformation between practical engineering and an indoor model test is established, and the purposes of obtaining important parameters of practical design and construction, avoiding engineering diseases and providing reasonable suggestions of practical operation are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front boxboard of a sandbox;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of gaskets of different pore sizes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the front box panel and the gasket;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sandbox body;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembled front boxboard;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of replacing circular openings of different apertures;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of embedding monitoring points in a sandbox;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the laser displacement sensor;
FIG. 9-1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a simulated shield tunneling machine;
FIG. 9-2 is a schematic diagram of simulating different curvatures of the shield tunneling machine exterior;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a motor drive system for a simulated shield tunneling machine;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between surface subsidence and tunnel curvature;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an earth pressure balance shield test system designed and developed independently;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of different soil textures used in the test;
FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of the soil layers in a sandbox;
FIG. 15 is a top view of the arrangement of monitoring points;
FIGS. 16 to 20 are graphs of the curves of the settler under different curvature conditions;
as shown in the figure, the device comprises a front box plate 1, a circular opening 2, bolt holes 3, a gasket 4, a combination 5 of the front box plate and the gasket, a box body 6, a sliding groove 7, a positioning opening 8, bolts 9, a bearing beam 10, a monitoring point 11, a transmitting end 12, a receiving end 13, a simulation shield machine 14, a cutter head 15 and a scraper 16.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the rapid bending tunnel model test apparatus mainly includes:
the sandbox is used for filling a soil layer of a simulation test inside, and a plurality of settlement observation points are paved on the surface of the soil layer;
the simulation shield machine comprises shells with different curvatures and a motor driving system so as to simulate shield operation in a sandbox;
the ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor, and is used for monitoring ground surface settlement data in the shield operation excavation process, obtaining the corresponding relation between soil layer settlement and the curvature of the sharply-curved tunnel and providing guidance for subsequent field construction.
Wherein, the sandbox is provided with a box body 6 and a front box plate 1 which is movably connected;
a circular opening 2 for the simulated earth pressure shield machine to enter and exit is arranged on the front box plate 1, and the size of the circular opening 2 is the same as that of a cutter head with the maximum diameter of the simulated earth pressure shield machine; gaskets 4 with different apertures for simulating the size of an excavation section are arranged on the circular opening 2;
a plurality of bolt holes 3 are arranged on two sides of the front box plate 1, a plurality of positioning openings 8 are correspondingly arranged on the front part of a box body 6 of the sandbox, and a sliding groove 7 for inserting the front box plate 1 is arranged on the front part of the box body 6; and a bearing beam 10 for mounting the laser displacement sensor is arranged at the top of the box body 6.
The simulation shield machine has the advantages that the external structure is reduced in proportion to the shield machine actually used; the simulation shield machine is provided with cutterheads 15 with different diameters and scrapers 16 which are arranged in radial direction; the driving system of the motor of the simulation shield machine comprises a power supply, a motor, a speed reducer and a pinion for driving a large gear of a cutter head.
The ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor arranged on a bearing beam 10; the transmitting end 12 of the laser displacement sensor is aligned with the paved surface subsidence monitoring point 11, and the returned laser signal is received by the receiving end 13.
The method for testing the sharp-bending tunnel by applying the model test device with the structure adopts a simulation shield machine to dig in the sandbox to simulate tunneling operation in the tunnel, measures the surface subsidence condition of a soil body in the sandbox by a laser displacement sensor through simulation of various stratum depths and different turning radiuses, simulates a stratum load effect in the construction process of the sharp-bending tunnel, and realizes similarity conversion between actual construction of the sharp-bending tunnel and an indoor model test.
Specifically, the sandbox is made of an acrylic material, and the size of the sandbox is 0.8m multiplied by 0.6 m.
As shown in figure 1, a circular opening 2 which is convenient for a shield machine to enter is designed on a front box plate 1, the size of the circular opening 2 is reduced by the same proportion as the diameter size of a largest shield machine cutter head 15, and different excavation section sizes can be simulated by inserting gaskets 4 with different apertures.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the bottom of the front box plate 1 is provided with two rows of bolt holes 3, which are combined with a positioning opening 8 of a box body 6 in fig. 4, the front box plate 1 is inserted along a sliding groove 7, and the front box plate 1 is fastened through bolts 9, so that the height of the front box plate 1 can be adjusted up and down, and the construction of the shield tunneling machine in different depth strata can be simulated. The bearing beam 10 on the upper part of the box body 6 can be provided with a laser displacement sensor for subsequent ground surface settlement monitoring.
The simulation shield machine 14 is reduced in appearance in the same proportion as a common shield machine, and the size of the simulation shield machine is reduced in an equal proportion according to the stratum reduction proportion. The cutter head 15 and the scraper 16 of the simulated shield machine are also designed according to actual proportion, and different tunnel curvature radiuses are simulated.
1 straight line shield machine and 4 different axis offset shield machines are manufactured, and as shown in fig. 9, a proper axis offset shield machine can be selected according to the curvature of the sharp bending section in an actual field.
As shown in fig. 10, which is a schematic diagram of a driving system module of a simulated shield tunneling machine, a motor drives a speed reducer, the speed reducer drives a pinion, and the pinion drives a cutter head to perform shield propulsion.
The laser displacement sensor is used for monitoring the surface settlement of the earth body so as to monitor the change rule of the surface settlement of the earth body in the test process, and the surface settlement monitoring points are arranged on the surface of the earth, so that the overall design of the test is carried out. The top view of the arrangement of the monitoring points 11 is shown in fig. 7. A laser displacement sensor is arranged on a bearing beam 10 of the sandbox.
As shown in fig. 8, the transmitting end 12 is aligned with the paved surface subsidence monitoring point 11, and the returned laser signal is received by the receiving end 13. The method comprises the following steps that a linear shield machine enters from an opening of a model box, a motor is started to conduct shield tunneling, a cutter head cuts a soil body, meanwhile, the residue soil in the shield machine is timely and manually cleaned, the tunneling speed is controlled to be kept at a constant speed, each time a monitoring section passes through in the shield tunneling process, and a laser displacement sensor reads surface settlement data in real time; and after the reorganization test is completed, dismantling the shield machine, the sensor and the like in the model box, filling soil again, and preparing for the next group of test. The laser displacement sensor uses a triangulation method, a laser transmitter emits visible red laser to the surface of an object to be measured through a lens, the laser reflected by the object passes through a receiver lens and is received by an internal CCD linear camera, and the CCD linear camera can 'see' the light spot at different angles according to different distances. Based on this angle and the known distance between the laser and the camera, the digital signal processor can calculate the distance between the sensor and the object to be measured.
The highest linearity of the laser displacement sensor adopting a triangulation method can reach 1 mu m, and the resolution can reach the level of 0.1 mu m. For example, a ZLDS100 type sensor can achieve 0.01% high resolution, 0.1% high linearity and 9.4KHz high response, and is suitable for severe environments.
As can be seen from fig. 11, the surface subsidence deformation trend obtained by the model test is similar to that of the numerical simulation, namely: the smaller the curve radius, i.e. the larger the shield tail clearance, the larger the maximum value of the ground surface settlement increases with the decrease of the curvature radius of the tunnel. And acquiring a ground surface settlement deformation result obtained by the model test, processing the ground surface settlement deformation result on a computer, and analyzing the relation between the curvature of the tunnel at the sharp bending section and the ground surface settlement.
As shown in fig. 12, in the process of the model test, an earth pressure balance shield test system which is independently designed and developed is used for performing the test, and the test comprises a sandbox, a simulation shield machine, a thrust system of the simulation shield machine, a test system and the like.
According to a specific survey report of a certain port station, the ground stratum is plain filling soil, silt clay, silty clay, fine sand and silt from top to bottom respectively, and the stratum penetrated by the shield is the silt and the silty clay.
In this embodiment, the simulation of the in-situ formation conditions is performed by using sludge, mucky clay and silt which have similar physical and mechanical properties to the in-situ undisturbed soil. The test comes from the excavation place with silt, muddy clay and fine sand.
The layering of the soil in the test sand box is shown in figure 14.
The simulated shield tunneling machine is manufactured by adopting 3D printing of poly acid ethyl ester, and the outer diameter of the reduced shield tunneling machine cutter head 15 is 8 cm.
In order to simulate different tunnel curvature radiuses, 1 linear shield machine and 4 different-axis offset shield machines are manufactured, the curvature radiuses are respectively 100m, 150m, 200m and 300m, and the tunnel offset corresponding to construction operation is respectively 3.33cm, 2.24cm, 1.68cm and 1.12 cm.
As shown in fig. 15, a schematic diagram of the monitoring of surface subsidence was performed.
The test method comprises the following execution steps:
(1) filling soil in a sand box in layers, solidifying for 24 hours after filling soil, and then carrying out the following operation;
(2) embedding chalk and debugging a laser displacement sensor according to requirements;
(3) the simulation shield tunneling machine enters from the opening of the sandbox, the motor is started to conduct shield tunneling by using a hand to be stable, the cutter head cuts soil, meanwhile, the residue soil in the shield tunneling machine is manually cleaned in time, and the tunneling speed is controlled to be kept at a constant speed;
(4) the laser displacement sensor automatically reads the surface settlement data once every time when the shield passes through one monitoring section in the shield tunneling process;
(5) after the reorganization test is completed, dismantling a shield machine, a sensor and the like in the model box, filling soil again, and preparing to perform the next group of tests;
(6) and (5) operating according to the steps (1) to (5), and sequentially completing simulation tests of the curve shield tunnels with the simulated curvature radiuses of 100m, 150m, 200m and 300m respectively.
Through simulation tests, the transverse settlement change of the earth surface caused by the tunneling of the linear shield tunnel and the shield tunnels with different curve radiuses is contrastively analyzed, as can be seen from fig. 16-20, the model tests obtain the earth surface settlement deformation trend similar to numerical simulation, namely: the smaller the curve radius, i.e. the larger the shield tail clearance, the larger the maximum value of the ground surface settlement increases with the decrease of the curvature radius of the tunnel.
FIG. 16 is a schematic of a settling tank with a 100m turning radius; FIG. 17 is a schematic of a settling tank with a turning radius of 150 m; FIG. 18 is a schematic of a settler with a turning radius of 200 m; FIG. 19 is a schematic of a settling tank with a turning radius of 300 m; figure 20 is a schematic of a straight tunnel settler.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only intended to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a sharp bend tunnel model test device which characterized in that: the test device comprises the following test components,
the sandbox is used for filling a soil layer of a simulation test inside, and a plurality of settlement observation points are paved on the surface of the soil layer;
the simulation shield machine comprises shells with different curvatures and a motor driving system so as to simulate shield operation in a sandbox;
the ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor, and is used for monitoring ground surface settlement data in the shield operation excavation process, obtaining the corresponding relation between soil layer settlement and the curvature of the sharply-curved tunnel and providing guidance for subsequent field construction.
2. The tight-bending tunnel model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sandbox is provided with a sandbox body (6) and a front sandbox plate (1) which is movably connected;
a circular opening (2) for the simulated earth pressure shield machine to enter and exit is formed in the front box plate (1), and the size of the circular opening (2) is the same as that of a cutter head with the maximum diameter of the simulated earth pressure shield machine;
a plurality of bolt holes (3) are arranged on two sides of the front box plate (1), a plurality of positioning openings (8) are correspondingly arranged on the front part of the box body (6) of the sandbox, and a sliding groove (7) for inserting the front box plate (1) is arranged on the front part of the box body (6);
and a bearing beam (10) for mounting the laser displacement sensor is arranged at the top of the box body (6).
3. The tight-bending tunnel model test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: gaskets (4) with different apertures simulating the size of an excavation section are arranged on the circular opening (2).
4. The tight curve tunnel model test device of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the simulation shield machine has the advantages that the external structure is reduced in proportion to the shield machine actually used;
the simulation shield machine is provided with cutterheads (15) with different diameters and scrapers (16) which are arranged in the radial direction;
the driving system of the motor of the simulation shield machine comprises a power supply, a motor, a speed reducer and a pinion for driving a large gear of a cutter head.
5. The tight curve tunnel model test device of claim 4, characterized in that: the ground surface settlement monitoring system comprises a laser displacement sensor arranged on a bearing beam (10);
the emitting end (12) of the laser displacement sensor is aligned with the paved ground surface settlement monitoring point (11), and the returned laser signal is received by the receiving end (13).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201822123143.8U CN209838413U (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Test device for sharp bending tunnel model |
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| CN201822123143.8U CN209838413U (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | Test device for sharp bending tunnel model |
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| CN209838413U true CN209838413U (en) | 2019-12-24 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109681219A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Sharp turn song tunnel model test device and its method |
| CN114659895A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-06-24 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation device and simulation method for shield tunnel segment deformation and ground surface settlement |
-
2018
- 2018-12-18 CN CN201822123143.8U patent/CN209838413U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109681219A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Sharp turn song tunnel model test device and its method |
| CN114659895A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-06-24 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation device and simulation method for shield tunnel segment deformation and ground surface settlement |
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