CN209821109U - Device for measuring specific heat of vaporization of liquid - Google Patents
Device for measuring specific heat of vaporization of liquid Download PDFInfo
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- CN209821109U CN209821109U CN201920178222.0U CN201920178222U CN209821109U CN 209821109 U CN209821109 U CN 209821109U CN 201920178222 U CN201920178222 U CN 201920178222U CN 209821109 U CN209821109 U CN 209821109U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a liquid is than measuring device of heat of vaporization relates to the thermodynamics field, can effectually reduce experimental error. The measuring device includes: electric heater, pipe, calorimeter, pressure sensor module, temperature sensor module, control module and liquid crystal display module, the one end of pipe is located steam generator, the other end is located the calorimeter, the upside at the pressure sensor module is placed to the calorimeter, the temperature sensor module is placed in the calorimeter, pressure sensor module and temperature sensor module link to each other with control module respectively, control module is used for receiving the weight value that the pressure sensor module measured and the temperature value that the temperature sensor module measured, and will weight value and temperature value send for liquid crystal display module, so that liquid crystal display module is right weight value and temperature value show. The utility model is suitable for a liquid is than the measurement of heat of vaporization.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a thermodynamics field especially relates to a liquid is than measuring device of heat of vaporization.
Background
The measurement of the specific heat of vaporization of the liquid is a necessary thermal experiment in a college physical experiment course, but in the experimental process, experimental data of a plurality of students have large errors, the errors are common within the range of 5% -10%, more than 10% are not few, and the probability of a small experimental result is far greater than that of a large experimental result. The main reasons for the method are that the temperature of water in the inner cup of the calorimeter is measured inaccurately by adopting the mercury thermometer, and the mode of measuring by opening the calorimeter by using the mercury thermometer causes heat dissipation, so that the experimental result is small. In addition, when the mass is measured after the experiment, the calorimeter needs to be taken down for measurement by the balance, the operation process is complicated, and the experiment error is easy to cause.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a measuring device for measuring the specific heat of vaporization of liquid, which can effectively reduce the experimental error.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a liquid is than measuring device of heat of vaporization, include: the bracket is used for supporting and fixing the electric heater and the steam generator; the electric heater is placed on the bracket and used for heating the steam generator so as to evaporate the first liquid in the steam generator; a steam generator placed on an upper side of the electric heater for containing a first liquid; one end of the conduit is positioned in the steam generator, and the other end of the conduit is positioned in the calorimeter and is used for guiding the steam generated in the steam generator into the calorimeter; a calorimeter for holding a second liquid having an initial temperature lower than room temperature to condense the vapor into a third liquid, the calorimeter being placed on an upper side of the pressure sensor module; the pressure sensor module is connected with the control module and used for measuring the weight of the calorimeter and sending the measured weight value to the control module; the temperature sensor module is placed in the calorimeter, is connected with the control module, and is used for measuring the temperature of the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid in the calorimeter and sending the measured temperature value to the control module; the control module is used for receiving the weight value sent by the pressure sensor module and the temperature value sent by the temperature sensor module and sending the weight value and the temperature value to the liquid crystal display module so that the liquid crystal display module displays the weight value and the temperature value; the liquid crystal display module is used for displaying the weight value and the temperature value sent by the control module; the power supply module is connected with the control module and used for supplying power to the control module; the first liquid, the second liquid and the third liquid are liquids having the same physical composition.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the utility model, the calorimeter comprises an inner cup and a heat-insulating outer layer positioned outside the inner cup, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the inner cup, and the second liquid is positioned in the inner cup; a waterproof protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the temperature sensor module, and the temperature sensor module is positioned in the second liquid; one end of the conduit is positioned above the liquid level of the first liquid, and the other end of the conduit is positioned in the second liquid; the heater is provided with an openable top cover.
According to the utility model discloses a concrete implementation mode, first through-hole has been seted up on the calorimeter, the agitator includes stirring ring and stirring rod, the stirring ring is fixed the one end of stirring rod, the other end of stirring rod passes first through-hole stretches out the calorimeter.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the utility model, the bottom of the heat-insulating outer layer of the calorimeter is provided with a second through hole, and the pressure sensor module is provided with a bulge attached to the through hole; the temperature sensor module is positioned at the upper end of the bulge and is attached to the bottom of the inner cup of the calorimeter.
According to the utility model discloses a concrete mode of realization, control module still is connected with input module, input module is used for setting for electric heater's heating temperature and heat time.
According to the utility model discloses a concrete mode of realization, measuring device still includes clock display module, clock display module with control module links to each other for show current time and/or timing.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensor module comprises a pressure sensor and an HX711A/D converter chip, and the temperature sensor module comprises a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a measuring device of liquid ratio heat of vaporization, the calorimeter is placed all the time in the upside of pressure sensor module, on one hand need not take off the calorimeter after the experiment and measure with the balance, has reduced the experimental error that complex operation brought; on the other hand, the weight value measured by the pressure sensor is more accurate than the weight value weighed by the balance, so that the error of the measured weight value can be reduced; adopt the temperature sensor module to measure the temperature in this embodiment, compare in mercury thermometer, the temperature that temperature sensor measured is more accurate to, the temperature sensor module in this embodiment is arranged in the inner cup of calorimeter all the time, need not to open calorimeter and measures the temperature, has reduced thermal scattering and disappearing, thereby can effectively reduce experimental error.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid specific heat of vaporization measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of using a liquid specific heat of vaporization measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a liquid is than measuring device of heat of vaporization, can effectual reduction experimental error.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for measuring specific heat of vaporization of a liquid, including: the support 1, is used for supporting, fixing electric heater and steam generator; an electric heater 2 placed on the support 1 for heating the steam generator 3 to evaporate the first liquid in the steam generator 3; a steam generator 3 placed on an upper side of the electric heater 2 for containing a first liquid; a guide tube 4 having one end positioned inside the steam generator 3 and the other end positioned in the calorimeter 5, for guiding the steam generated in the steam generator 3 into the calorimeter 5; a calorimeter 5 for containing a second liquid having an initial temperature lower than room temperature to condense the vapor into a third liquid, the calorimeter 5 being placed on an upper side of the pressure sensor module 6; the pressure sensor module 6 is connected with the control module 8 and used for measuring the weight of the calorimeter 5 and sending the measured weight value to the control module 8; the temperature sensor module 7 is placed in the calorimeter 5, is connected with the control module 8, and is used for measuring the temperature of the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid in the calorimeter 5 and sending the measured temperature value to the control module 8; the control module 8 is used for receiving the weight value sent by the pressure sensor module 6 and the temperature value sent by the temperature sensor module 7, and sending the weight value and the temperature value to the liquid crystal display module so that the liquid crystal display module displays the weight value and the temperature value; the liquid crystal display module is used for displaying the weight value and the temperature value sent by the control module; the power supply module is connected with the control module and used for supplying power to the control module; the clock display module is connected with the control module and is used for displaying the current time and/or timing; the first liquid, the second liquid and the third liquid are liquids having the same physical composition.
In the embodiment, the calorimeter is always placed on the upper side of the pressure sensor module, so that the calorimeter does not need to be taken down for measurement by a balance after an experiment, and the experiment error caused by complex operation is reduced; on the other hand, the weight value measured by the pressure sensor is more accurate than the weight value weighed by the balance, and the error of the measured weight value can be reduced. Adopt the temperature sensor module to measure the temperature in this embodiment, compare in mercury thermometer, the temperature that temperature sensor measured is more accurate to, the temperature sensor module in this embodiment is arranged in the inner cup of calorimeter all the time, need not to open calorimeter and measures the temperature, has reduced thermal scattering and disappearing, thereby can effectively reduce experimental error. The liquid crystal display module in this embodiment can show the weight value that the pressure sensor module measured and the temperature value that the temperature sensor module measured in real time, and the experimenter of being convenient for observes and records at any time in the experimentation. Moreover, the calorimeter in the embodiment is always positioned on the upper side of the pressure sensor module, the temperature sensor module is always positioned in the calorimeter, the temperature and the weight are not required to be measured manually by experimenters, the operation steps of the experiment are simplified, and the experiment error caused by the fussy operation process is reduced.
The measuring device of the liquid specific heat of vaporization provided by the embodiment can realize the intelligent detection of physical quantities such as temperature, weight and the like, thereby improving the enthusiasm of students for actively exploring physical laws. In addition, the control module in the embodiment can adopt an STC89C52 single chip microcomputer, and the measuring device adopting the STC89C52 single chip microcomputer can be used for practice teaching of a 51 single chip microcomputer technology, so that students can learn and master theoretical knowledge of the single chip microcomputer technology in practice; because the system has simple structural design and more common application materials, students can make the system by hands and in person by using the opportunity of course design, thereby not only greatly improving the handling ability of the students, but also greatly cultivating the independent research and development interests of the students and promoting the formation of the innovative thinking ability of the students.
Optionally, the temperature sensor module comprises a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor.
In this embodiment, the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor outputs a digital signal, which is convenient for reading a temperature value; and the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor has the characteristics of small volume, low hardware overhead and high precision, is favorable for arranging the temperature sensor module in a calorimeter, and can reduce the cost of a measuring device and improve the measuring precision.
Optionally, the pressure sensor module includes a pressure sensor and a HX711A/D converter chip.
In this embodiment, the HX711A/D converter chip has the advantages of high integration level, fast response speed, strong anti-interference performance, and the like, and improves the performance and reliability of the pressure sensor module.
Optionally, the liquid crystal display module is an LCD12864 liquid crystal display module.
In this embodiment, compared with the same type of graphic dot matrix liquid crystal display module, the liquid crystal display scheme formed by the LCD12864 liquid crystal display module is much simpler in hardware circuit structure or display program, and the price of the module is slightly lower than that of the graphic liquid crystal module with the same dot matrix.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the calorimeter comprises an inner cup and a heat-insulating outer layer located outside the inner cup, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the inner cup, and the second liquid is located in the inner cup; a waterproof protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the temperature sensor module, and the temperature sensor module is positioned in the second liquid; one end of the conduit is positioned above the liquid level of the first liquid, and the other end of the conduit is positioned in the second liquid; the heater is provided with an openable top cover.
In the embodiment, the heat-insulating outer layer of the calorimeter can reduce the heat absorption or heat dissipation of liquid in the calorimeter, thereby improving the heat-insulating property of the calorimeter and being beneficial to reducing experimental errors. The waterproof protective layer can play an insulating role and protect the temperature sensor module. The temperature sensor module is located in the second liquid, so that the temperature of the liquid in the inner cup of the calorimeter can be measured more accurately.
In this embodiment, one end of the conduit is located above the liquid level of the first liquid, so that the vapor generated by the evaporation of the first liquid can enter the conduit; the other end of the conduit is positioned in the second liquid, so that the steam entering the conduit from the steam generator can be directly introduced into the second liquid with the initial temperature lower than the room temperature, and the steam is condensed into a third liquid.
In this embodiment, before the electric heater is turned on to heat the first liquid in the steam generator, the top cover of the steam generator may be turned on first, then the electric heater is turned on to heat the first liquid in the steam generator, so that the steam with a boiling point lower than the boiling point is discharged, and after the first liquid boils, the top cover of the steam generator is covered, so that the steam enters the calorimeter from the conduit.
In this embodiment, when an experiment is started, after the second liquid is uniformly stirred by the stirrer, the current temperature value of the second liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module is recorded; and after the experiment is finished, uniformly stirring the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid by using a stirrer, and then recording the current temperature value of the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module. This embodiment is at first with the agitator with liquid stirring before the temperature value of record liquid, can be with liquid misce bene, makes the temperature of each part of liquid the same, reduces because the experimental error that the inside temperature of liquid is uneven brings.
Optionally, a through hole is formed in the calorimeter, the stirrer comprises a stirring ring and a stirring rod, the stirring ring is fixed at one end of the stirring rod, and the other end of the stirring rod extends out of the calorimeter through the through hole.
In this embodiment, the stirring rod of the stirrer can move up and down, and when the liquid in the calorimeter is stirred, the stirring rod can move up and down slightly, so that the stirring ring in the calorimeter can stir the liquid in the calorimeter. The stirrer provided by the embodiment does not need to be taken out of the calorimeter in the experimental process, so that the heat exchange between the liquid in the calorimeter and the outside can be reduced, and the experimental error is reduced.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a through hole is formed at the bottom of the heat insulation outer layer of the calorimeter, and a protrusion attached to the through hole is formed on the pressure sensor module; the temperature sensor module is positioned at the upper end of the bulge and is attached to the bottom of the inner cup of the calorimeter.
In this embodiment, since the temperature of the inner cup of the calorimeter is the same as the temperature of the liquid in the inner cup, the temperature sensor module is attached to the bottom of the inner cup of the calorimeter so as to accurately measure the temperature of the liquid in the inner cup. In the experiment process, the temperature sensor module is fixed on the pressure sensor module, so that the temperature sensor module does not need to be placed in the calorimeter, the second liquid is conveniently added into the calorimeter before the experiment begins, and the liquid in the calorimeter is conveniently poured out after the experiment is finished; in addition, the stirrer is convenient to stir the liquid in the calorimeter.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the measuring device further includes a clock display module, the clock display module is connected to the control module for displaying the current time and/or timing.
In this embodiment, the clock display module connected to the control module makes things convenient for the experimenter to record the experimental time, for example: and summarizing the time required by each complete experiment to obtain a statistical result, and reasonably arranging the experiment class time of the students according to the statistical result.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the control module is further connected to an input module, and the input module is used for setting the heating temperature and the heating time of the electric heater.
In this embodiment, the input module is utilized to set the heating temperature and the heating time of the electric heater according to the optimal heating temperature and the optimal heating time of the electric heater summarized from a plurality of experiments, so as to achieve a better experimental effect. The input module may be a keyboard.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a liquid is than measurement device's of heat of vaporization use method as follows:
step 101, recording the weight M1 of the current calorimeter displayed by the liquid crystal display module;
in this embodiment, optionally, a stirrer is disposed in the calorimeter, and the total weight M1 of the current calorimeter and the stirrer displayed by the liquid crystal display module is recorded when the stirrer does not need to be taken out of the calorimeter in the experiment process.
102, adding the second liquid into the calorimeter, and recording the total weight M2 of the current calorimeter and the second liquid and the current temperature value T1 of the second liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module;
in this embodiment, optionally, a stirrer is disposed in the calorimeter, and the stirrer does not need to be taken out of the calorimeter in the experiment process, and then the total weight M2 of the calorimeter, the stirrer and the second liquid currently displayed by the liquid crystal display module is recorded.
In this embodiment, optionally, a small amount of water is contained in the calorimeter, and then ice water is mixed to form a second liquid, so that the water amount is about 2/3 cups, the water temperature is 5-10 ℃ lower than the room temperature, and meanwhile, condensation cannot occur outside the calorimeter.
Optionally, before recording the current temperature value T1 of the second liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module, the method further includes: the stirrer is used for uniformly stirring the second liquid, so that the second liquid in the calorimeter can be uniformly mixed, the temperature of each part of the liquid is the same, and the experimental error caused by uneven internal temperature of the liquid is reduced.
Step 103, calculating the temperature difference delta T between the current room temperature and T1;
in this embodiment, the temperature difference Δ T between T1 and the current room temperature is appropriate, and the time for steaming is controlled so that the temperature difference between the room temperature and T1 and the temperature difference between T2 and the room temperature are as close as possible. Thus, the heat absorbed by the second liquid from the outside and the heat emitted to the outside are as close as possible, and the experimental error can be reduced.
Step 104, turning on an electric heater to heat the first liquid in the steam generator;
this embodiment, optionally, before opening electric heater and heating the first liquid in the steam generator, can open first steam generator's top cap, then open electric heater and heat the first liquid in the steam generator, make the steam that is less than the boiling point discharge, wait that first liquid boils the back, cover steam generator's top cap makes steam follow the pipe gets into in the calorimeter, this embodiment can make the steam that gets into in the calorimeter accord with the experimental requirement as far as possible to make thermal calculation more accurate, reduced the experimental error.
Step 105, observing the temperature T2 of the mixed liquid of the current second liquid and the current third liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module;
this embodiment, the temperature of the mixed liquid of the second liquid that real-time observation liquid crystal display module shows and third liquid is convenient for to the control of experiment, makes the experimenter can in time stop electric heater heating steam generator when T2 reaches suitable numerical value to reach more excellent experimental effect.
Step 106, when the temperature difference between T2 and the current room temperature is delta T, the electric heater is closed;
in this embodiment, when the temperature difference between T2 and room temperature and the temperature difference between T1 are as close as possible, the electric heater is turned off, so that the amount of heat absorbed by the second liquid from the outside and the amount of heat emitted to the outside are as close as possible, and thus experimental errors can be reduced.
Step 107, recording the current calorimeter, the total weight M3 of the second liquid and the third liquid and the current temperature T2 of the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module;
in this embodiment, optionally, when the stirrer is disposed in the calorimeter, the total weight M3 of the calorimeter, the stirrer, the second liquid and the third liquid currently displayed by the liquid crystal display module is recorded.
In this embodiment, optionally, before recording the current temperature T2 of the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid displayed by the liquid crystal display module, the method further includes: the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid is uniformly stirred by the stirrer, so that the liquids can be uniformly mixed, the temperature of each part of the liquid is the same, and the experimental error caused by the uneven temperature in the liquid is reduced.
And 108, calculating the specific heat of vaporization of the first liquid according to the specific heat of vaporization formula of the liquid.
This embodiment, optionally, is based on the thermal equilibrium equation: (M3-M2). times.L + (M3-M2). times.CW(T3-T2)＝[(M2-M1)×CW+M1×CA1]X (T2-T1), such that the specific heat of vaporization for a liquid is given by:
wherein L is the specific heat of vaporization of the first liquid, CWIs the specific heat capacity of the first liquid, CA1For the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter, T3 isThe temperature of the vapor of the first liquid (T3 is an inherent property of the first liquid itself, for example, T3 is the temperature of water vapor, and T3 is 100 ℃ at standard atmospheric pressure).
It can be understood that the specific heat of vaporization formula provided in this embodiment is not unique, and the experimenter can make corresponding adjustments according to actual needs.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the time when the electric heater starts to heat and the time when the electric heater finishes heating are recorded, and the time difference between the time when the electric heater finishes heating and the time when the electric heater starts to heat is calculated; or
And starting timing when the electric heater is turned on, finishing timing when the electric heater stops heating, and recording the timing duration.
This embodiment has made things convenient for the experimenter to record the experimental time, for example: and summarizing the time required by each complete experiment to obtain a statistical result, and reasonably arranging the experiment class time of the students according to the statistical result.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, before the electric heater is turned on to heat the first liquid in the steam generator, the method further includes: the heating temperature and the heating time of the electric heater are set.
In this embodiment, the input module is utilized to set the heating temperature and the heating time of the electric heater according to the optimal heating temperature and the optimal heating time of the electric heater summarized from a plurality of experiments, so as to achieve a better experimental effect.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A device for measuring the specific heat of vaporization of a liquid, comprising:
the bracket is used for supporting and fixing the electric heater and the steam generator;
the electric heater is placed on the bracket and used for heating the steam generator so as to evaporate the first liquid in the steam generator;
a steam generator placed on an upper side of the electric heater for containing a first liquid;
one end of the conduit is positioned in the steam generator, and the other end of the conduit is positioned in the calorimeter and is used for guiding the steam generated in the steam generator into the calorimeter;
a calorimeter for holding a second liquid having an initial temperature lower than room temperature to condense the vapor into a third liquid, the calorimeter being placed on an upper side of the pressure sensor module;
the pressure sensor module is connected with the control module and used for measuring the weight of the calorimeter and sending the measured weight value to the control module;
the temperature sensor module is placed in the calorimeter, is connected with the control module, and is used for measuring the temperature of the mixed liquid of the second liquid and the third liquid in the calorimeter and sending the measured temperature value to the control module;
the control module is used for receiving the weight value sent by the pressure sensor module and the temperature value sent by the temperature sensor module and sending the weight value and the temperature value to the liquid crystal display module so that the liquid crystal display module displays the weight value and the temperature value;
the liquid crystal display module is used for displaying the weight value and the temperature value sent by the control module;
the power supply module is connected with the control module and used for supplying power to the control module;
the first liquid, the second liquid and the third liquid are liquids having the same physical composition.
2. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein:
the calorimeter comprises an inner cup and a heat-preservation outer layer positioned on the outer side of the inner cup, wherein a stirrer is arranged in the inner cup, and the second liquid is positioned in the inner cup;
a waterproof protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the temperature sensor module, and the temperature sensor module is positioned in the second liquid;
one end of the conduit is positioned above the liquid level of the first liquid, and the other end of the conduit is positioned in the second liquid;
the heater is provided with an openable top cover.
3. The measurement device of claim 2, wherein: the calorimeter is provided with a first through hole, the stirrer comprises a stirring ring and a stirring rod, the stirring ring is fixed at one end of the stirring rod, and the other end of the stirring rod penetrates through the first through hole and extends out of the calorimeter.
4. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein:
a second through hole is formed in the bottom of the heat-insulating outer layer of the calorimeter, and a bulge attached to the second through hole is formed in the pressure sensor module;
the temperature sensor module is positioned at the upper end of the bulge and is attached to the bottom of the inner cup of the calorimeter.
5. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the control module is also connected with an input module, and the input module is used for setting the heating temperature and the heating time of the electric heater.
6. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the measuring device also comprises a clock display module, and the clock display module is connected with the control module and is used for displaying the current time and/or timing.
7. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the pressure sensor module includes a pressure sensor and a HX711A/D converter chip, and the temperature sensor module includes a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109827988A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of measuring device and measuring method of liquid than heat of vaporization |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109827988A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of measuring device and measuring method of liquid than heat of vaporization |
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