CN209800043U - High-pressure industrial steam supply system - Google Patents
High-pressure industrial steam supply system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN209800043U CN209800043U CN201920097492.9U CN201920097492U CN209800043U CN 209800043 U CN209800043 U CN 209800043U CN 201920097492 U CN201920097492 U CN 201920097492U CN 209800043 U CN209800043 U CN 209800043U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- pressure
- hot press
- hot
- boiler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The utility model relates to a high pressure industry steam supply system, comprising a boiler, the steam turbine high pressure jar, steam turbine intermediate pressure jar and hot press, it forms main steam to feed water through the heating of boiler superheater, the main steam of boiler gets into the cold steam of discharging behind the steam turbine high pressure jar, cold steam gets into the boiler re-heater, the hot steam of output gets into the steam turbine intermediate pressure jar after the boiler re-heater heating, the steam source of the high pressure side steam inlet of hot press derives from main steam, the steam source of the low pressure side steam inlet derives from two ways, wherein one way is the cold steam of steam turbine high pressure jar exhaust, another way is the hot steam of boiler re-heater output, set up first isolation valve on the pipeline that hot steam got into the hot press, set up the second isolation valve on the pipeline that cold steam got into the hot press; the steam outlet of the hot press provides industrial steam. The utility model discloses the volume of using vapour of the main steam that significantly reduces improves energy utilization and rates, uses the governing control of adjusting the door among the steam turbine, makes the unit wholly keep higher efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a high pressure industry steam supply system belongs to thermal power generating unit application.
Background
The cogeneration is an industrial technical means of multi-product output, and low-quality steam after power generation is used for industrial manufacture or heating and heat supply, so that the aim of maximum utilization of energy is fulfilled. Such a thermal power plant that supplies heat to users by using the extracted steam or the exhaust steam of the steam turbine while generating electricity is called a thermal power plant, and the corresponding units are also called cogeneration units. The generating efficiency of the traditional large power plant is generally 30-40%, more than 60% of fuel energy is converted into useless heat and finally released into the environment; the energy utilization efficiency of the cascade utilization cogeneration system of the energy is improved to 80-90% from about 40% of the conventional power generation system, and the fuel utilization rate is obviously improved.
The main uses of the industrial steam include heating, humidifying, cleaning, power generation, driving and the like, parameters are different, and the quality requirements of the industrial steam consumed by power and driving are high. If various process requirements exist in the production industry at the same time, high-quality steam can be converted into power to be output, and the exhaust steam is used for low-quality process production, so that the energy is utilized in a gradient manner, the production process is met, unnecessary energy is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the enterprise benefit is improved. Therefore, in recent years, the quality of industrial steam demand has been on the rise, and the demand for high-pressure industrial steam has been increasing.
For a cogeneration unit, due to the thermal coupling operation characteristic, the unit is in sliding pressure operation when the load changes, a steam turbine simply uses extraction steam and cannot meet the stable high-pressure industrial steam production requirement, and if main steam is directly used for temperature and pressure reduction, the steam quality waste is serious.
In view of the above, the applicant of the present invention has made active research and innovation, and the utility model relates to a high-efficiency industrial steam supply system for a steam turbine, which is controlled by a throttle and adjusted based on unit efficiency, can be suitable for supplying high-pressure industrial steam to a cogeneration unit, and has industrial utility value.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a high pressure industry steam supply system, its main steam's that significantly reduces uses vapour volume, improves energy utilization.
The utility model discloses technical scheme as follows:
A high-pressure industrial steam supply system comprises a boiler, a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder and a hot press, wherein main steam of the boiler enters the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder and then discharges cold re-steam, the cold re-steam enters a boiler reheater, the boiler reheater is heated and then outputs hot re-steam to enter the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder, steam discharged by the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder enters a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, the hot press comprises a high-pressure side steam inlet and a low-pressure side steam inlet, a steam source of the high-pressure side steam inlet is derived from the main steam, a steam source of the low-pressure side steam inlet is derived from two paths, one path is the cold re-steam discharged by the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder, the other path is the hot re-steam output by the boiler reheater, a first isolation valve is arranged on a pipeline for the hot re-steam; the steam outlet of the hot press provides industrial steam, a needle valve is arranged in a steam inlet side mixing chamber in the hot press, and the steam inlet flow of a steam source of the high-pressure side steam inlet is adjusted through the needle valve.
Preferably, a regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline of the main steam entering the hot press.
Preferably, a turbine intermediate throttle is arranged on a pipeline of the hot re-steam entering the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. The utility model discloses among the industrial steam supply system, the hot press uses steam turbine main steam to draw and penetrates reheat steam, converges and forms high-pressure industrial steam, uses the direct temperature reduction and pressure reduction of main steam to compare with the tradition, avoids excessive throttle and uses the desuperheating water, has higher economic nature.
2. The utility model discloses among the industry steam supply system, the hot press uses cold steam and hot steam two way to draw and penetrates the vapour source, and the cold steam of preferential use can switch with the vapour volume demand according to the steam turbine operational aspect, has good operation flexibility and user load adaptability.
3. The utility model discloses among the industry steam supply system, according to the unit actual operation condition, adopt steam turbine middling pressure governor to join in marriage the accent mode, based on whole unit economic nature adjustment hot press vapour source parameter, compare the control method that traditional simple pursuit hot press self efficiency, further promote energy-conserving space.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-pressure industrial steam supply system according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote:
1. A hot press; 2. a boiler; 3. a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; 4. the system comprises a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder, 5, a regulating valve, 6 and a first isolating valve; 7. a second isolation valve; 8. a middle adjusting door; 9. a boiler reheater; 10. a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; 11. a high pressure side inlet; 12. a low pressure side inlet; 13. a superheater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-pressure industrial steam supply system includes a hot press 1, a boiler 2, a high-pressure turbine cylinder 3, a medium-pressure turbine cylinder 4, a main steam of the boiler 2 enters the high-pressure turbine cylinder 3 to discharge a cold re-steam, the cold re-steam enters a boiler reheater 9, the boiler reheater 9 outputs a hot re-steam to enter the medium-pressure turbine cylinder 4, a steam discharged from the medium-pressure turbine cylinder 4 enters a low-pressure turbine cylinder 10, the hot press 1 includes a high-pressure side steam inlet 11 and a low-pressure side steam inlet 12, a steam source of the high-pressure side steam inlet 11 is derived from the main steam, a steam source of the low-pressure side steam inlet 12 is derived from two paths, one path is the cold re-steam discharged from the high-pressure turbine cylinder 3, the other path is the hot re-steam output from the boiler reheater 9, a steam outlet of the hot press 1 provides industrial steam, a needle valve is disposed in a, the steam inlet flow of the steam source of the high-pressure side steam inlet 11 is adjusted through a needle valve.
A first isolation valve 6 is arranged on a pipeline for the hot re-steam to enter the hot press 1, and a second isolation valve 7 is arranged on a pipeline for the cold re-steam to enter the hot press 1. The low-pressure steam source of the low-pressure side steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 is switched by the first isolation valve 6 and the second isolation valve 7, when the first isolation valve 6 is closed and the second isolation valve 7 is opened, the cold re-steam is used as the low-pressure steam source of the hot press 1, when the first isolation valve 6 is opened and the second isolation valve 7 is closed, the cold re-steam is used as the low-pressure steam source of the hot press 1,
And a regulating valve 5 is arranged on a pipeline for the main steam to enter the hot press 1. When the unit is in high-load operation, the main steam flow of the boiler 2 is greatly increased, the pressure of the main steam entering the pipeline of the high-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine and the pressure of the main steam entering the pipeline of the high-pressure steam inlet 11 of the hot press 1 are simultaneously increased, the opening degree of the regulating valve 5 is regulated, so that the pressure of the high-pressure steam inlet 11 of the hot press 1 is in the pressure bearing range of the hot press 1, the pressure bearing range is a characteristic parameter of the hot press 1, the characteristic parameter is generally described in the product specification, the pressure of the high-pressure steam inlet 11 of the hot press 1 is stabilized, and the hot press 1 is ensured to output stable.
And a turbine intermediate adjusting valve 8 is arranged on a pipeline for the hot re-steam to enter the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 4. The aim of lowest heat consumption level of the whole machine set is achieved by adjusting the opening degree of the middle adjusting door 8.
The hot press 1 system, on the pipeline that high pressure power vapour source and low pressure steam connect hot press 1, all set up isolation valves, thermometer, manometer, flowmeter etc. as the circumstances, can show vapour source parameter and system running state, can realize that the hot press vapour source is kept apart, subassembly such as check valve is set up to steam to hot press 1 pipeline as the circumstances. The hot press 1 is a typical mass pump, has very large volume output when delivering low-density working medium, has various grades of different sizes from DN1000 to DN4000 in caliber, and comprises a power steam input end, a low-pressure steam input end and a mixed medium-pressure steam outlet. The high-pressure fluid is input into the power steam input end, high negative pressure is formed in the mixing chamber of the hot press, and the low-pressure steam source is ejected. The needle valve adjusting mechanism is added at the power steam input end of the stepless adjustable hot press, so that the sectional area of a nozzle can be flexibly changed according to the load change of a user, and the aim of smoothly adjusting the flow is fulfilled. The low-pressure steam input end forms negative pressure and can be used for vacuumizing, low-parameter steam upgrading, evaporation, refrigeration, aeration and mixing. The mixed medium pressure steam can be used for heating, industrial steam and the like. The principle of the hot press is that high-speed steam flow generated by spraying working steam through a nozzle is utilized to suck the injected steam, so that the pressure and the temperature of the injected steam are improved, and the pressure and the temperature of the high-pressure steam are reduced, thereby generating target parameter steam for a user to use.
The utility model discloses the theory of operation is: when the unit normally operates, the first isolation valve 6 is closed, the regulating valve 5 and the second isolation valve 7 are opened, main steam simultaneously enters the high-pressure steam inlet 11 of the hot press 1 and the high-pressure steam cylinder 3 of the steam turbine according to the unit load and the industrial steam quantity, the main steam serves as a high-pressure power steam source of the hot press 1, cold reheat steam output by the high-pressure steam cylinder 3 of the steam turbine serves as a low-pressure steam source and enters the low-pressure steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1, meanwhile, the cold reheat steam also enters the boiler reheater 9 to be converted into hot reheat steam, and the hot reheat steam enters the intermediate-pressure steam cylinder; the hot press 1 outputs high-pressure industrial steam meeting the requirements of users by adjusting needle valves in the hot press.
When the flow of industrial steam is increased from small, the flow of main steam flowing into a high-pressure steam inlet 11 of a hot press 1 is increased, the flow of cold re-steam flowing into a low-pressure steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 is increased at the same time, the cold re-steam extraction amount of a steam turbine is gradually increased, so that the flow of cold re-steam flowing into a boiler reheater 9 is gradually reduced, the temperature of the boiler reheater 9 is increased, when the steam inlet amount of a low-pressure steam source of the low-pressure steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 reaches a set conversion threshold value, a control system sends an instruction, a first isolation valve 6 is gradually opened, a second isolation valve 7 is gradually closed, the steam source of the low-pressure steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 is switched from cold re-steam to hot re-steam, the hot re-steam is used as a low-pressure steam source; when the low-pressure steam source steam inlet quantity of the low-pressure steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 is lower than a set conversion threshold value, the control system sends an instruction, the first isolation valve 6 is gradually closed, the second isolation valve 7 is gradually opened, and the steam source of the low-pressure steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 is switched from hot steam to cold steam againSteam; the conversion threshold values corresponding to different unit electrical loads are different, and the unit electrical loads correspond to the conversion threshold values one by one. The transition threshold is determined by: q0The low-pressure steam source steam inlet quantity of the low-pressure side steam inlet 12 of the hot press 1 is the low-pressure steam source steam inlet quantity and the unit electric load PeAnd the relation function of the temperature limit value t of the boiler reheater 9 is obtained through test fitting according to the actual operation characteristics of the unit, and specifically, the current unit electrical load P is determinedeThe system adopts cold re-steam as a low-pressure steam source, and when any one of the following two conditions is reached, the steam inlet quantity of the low-pressure steam source of the low-pressure side steam inlet 12 of the current hot press 1 is used as a conversion threshold value, and the condition is one: when the cold re-extraction amount of the low-pressure side inlet 12 of the hot press 1 reaches the limit value, the condition II is as follows: the boiler reheater 9 reaches a temperature limit. For example, when the load rate of a unit with the rated capacity of 300MW is 30%, the metal temperature limit of a boiler reheater of the unit is 620 ℃, through tests, when the temperature limit condition of the boiler reheater is met, the maximum extraction flow of cold steam is 80t/h, and under the electric load, Q is0The value was determined to be 80 t/h. When the load rate of a unit with the rated capacity of 300MW is 50%, the metal temperature limit value of a boiler reheater 9 is 620 ℃, through tests, when the extraction steam of the cold reheat reaches the flow rate of 100t/h, no more cold reheat can be extracted, although the metal temperature of the boiler reheater 9 is 590 ℃, the metal temperature does not reach the limit value, and under the electric load, Q is added0The value was determined to be 100 t/h.
During normal operation of the unit, after the hot press 1 is put into operation, energy-saving adjustment can be performed, specifically: according to the heat consumption formula of the unit
q0＝(D0×h0-Dfw×hfw-Drcw×hrcw+Drh×hrh-Drc×hrc-Drhw×hrhw)/Peobtaining the overall heat consumption level of the current unit, adjusting a middle adjusting valve 8 of the steam turbine, and changing the parameter of the reheated steam; after the parameters of the reheated steam are changed, the proportion of the high-pressure steam and the low-pressure steam entering the hot press 1 is changed, and the hot press 1 adjusts the flow of the main steam through the needle valve and keeps the external steam supply unchanged; tong (Chinese character of 'tong')The intermediate throttle 8 of the steam turbine is continuously matched for carrying out reheat steam parameter adjustment, so that the ratio of high-pressure steam consumed by the hot press 1 is reduced, the external steam supply quantity is met, and the integral heat consumption level of the unit is the lowest, wherein q is0The heat consumption rate of the unit is kJ/kW.h; d0main steam flow, MW; h is0The enthalpy value of the main steam is kJ/kg; dfwThe main water supply flow is t/h; h isfwThe enthalpy value of the main feed water is kJ/kg; drcwThe flow rate of the temperature-reducing water is t/h, wherein the superheater is a superheater (the superheater is arranged in a boiler and heats feed water to form main steam); h isrcwThe enthalpy value of the desuperheated water of the superheater is kJ/kg; drhThe reheat steam flow is t/h; h isrkIs the enthalpy value of the reheat steam, kJ/kg; drcThe exhaust flow of the high-pressure cylinder 3 is t/h; h isrcThe enthalpy value of the discharged steam of the high-pressure cylinder 3 is kJ/kg; drhwThe flow rate of the desuperheating water of the boiler reheater 9 is t/h; h isrhwThe enthalpy value of the desuperheated water of the boiler reheater 9 is kJ/kg; peIs the unit electrical load, kW. For example, when the electrical load of the unit is reduced, the steam extraction capacity of the hot press is reduced, the proportion of the high-pressure steam source injecting the low-pressure steam source is reduced under the same steam supply flow, high-quality steam is consumed in a transition mode, and at the moment, the heat consumption q of the computer unit is calculated01(ii) a The opening degree of the medium pressure regulating valve is reduced after the medium pressure regulating valve is adjusted, the reheating steam pressure is increased due to the throttling effect, the steam extraction capacity of the hot press is increased, the injection proportion of the low pressure steam source is increased, the steam consumption of the high pressure steam source is automatically reduced by the hot press, the flow of externally supplied steam is kept unchanged, and the heat consumption q of the computer set is calculated at the moment02The control system compares q01And q is02And automatically guiding the unit to adjust to the working condition with lower heat consumption.
when the industrial steam demand of a user is met, parameters of reheated steam are changed by adjusting the middle adjusting door 8, the cold reheated steam and the hot reheated steam pressure are changed, the use proportion of a high-pressure steam source and a low-pressure steam source of the hot press 1 is changed, and further the actual heat consumption of the unit is changed. The optimal opening range of the middle adjusting door 8 is determined by the middle adjusting door 8 participating in steam supply adjustment, so that the whole heat consumption of the unit is in the lowest state while the external steam supply quantity is met.
The utility model discloses in, hot press 1 uses the steam turbine main steam to be high pressure power vapour source, and steam turbine reheat steam is as drawing penetrating low pressure steam, converges and forms the high pressure industrial steam that satisfies the user's demand, and the steam consumption of the main steam that significantly reduces improves energy utilization. The reheated steam injected by the hot press 1 comprises cold reheated steam exhausted by the high-pressure cylinder 3 and hot reheated steam passing through a boiler reheater 9. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses still use the control of adjusting door 8 parameter transfer in the steam turbine, when unit electric load and external high pressure industry air supply volume change, adjust reheat steam parameter, make the unit wholly keep higher efficiency.
The above only is the embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes that are used in the specification and the attached drawings or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a high pressure industry steam supply system, includes boiler (2), steam turbine high pressure cylinder (3) and steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (4), and the main steam of boiler (2) gets into and discharges cold reheat steam behind steam turbine high pressure cylinder (3), cold reheat steam gets into boiler reheater (9), and hot reheat steam of boiler reheater (9) output gets into steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (4), and steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (4) exhaust steam gets into steam turbine low pressure cylinder (10), its characterized in that: the hot press is characterized by further comprising a hot press (1) which comprises a high-pressure side steam inlet (11) and a low-pressure side steam inlet (12), wherein a steam source of the high-pressure side steam inlet (11) is derived from main steam, a steam source of the low-pressure side steam inlet (12) is derived from two paths, one path of the steam source is cold re-steam discharged by a high-pressure cylinder (3) of a steam turbine, the other path of the steam source is hot re-steam output by a boiler reheater (9), a first isolation valve (6) is arranged on a pipeline through which the hot re-steam enters the hot press (1), and a second isolation valve (7) is arranged on a pipeline through which the cold re-steam enters; and a steam outlet of the hot press (1) provides industrial steam.
2. A high pressure industrial steam supply system according to claim 1, wherein: and a regulating valve (5) is arranged on a pipeline for the main steam to enter the hot press (1).
3. A high pressure industrial steam supply system according to claim 1, wherein: and a turbine intermediate throttle (8) is arranged on a pipeline for the hot re-steam to enter the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920097492.9U CN209800043U (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2019-01-22 | High-pressure industrial steam supply system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920097492.9U CN209800043U (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2019-01-22 | High-pressure industrial steam supply system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209800043U true CN209800043U (en) | 2019-12-17 |
Family
ID=68820471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920097492.9U Active CN209800043U (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2019-01-22 | High-pressure industrial steam supply system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209800043U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113006890A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-22 | 华能南京金陵发电有限公司 | Adjusting method for increasing feed water temperature under deep peak regulation working condition of 1000MW unit |
| CN114607480A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Converter-controlled BEST small machine double-machine steam source series complementary structure |
-
2019
- 2019-01-22 CN CN201920097492.9U patent/CN209800043U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113006890A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-22 | 华能南京金陵发电有限公司 | Adjusting method for increasing feed water temperature under deep peak regulation working condition of 1000MW unit |
| CN114607480A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Converter-controlled BEST small machine double-machine steam source series complementary structure |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111852597A (en) | Variable-parameter multi-element cascade thermoelectric decoupling system of thermal power heat supply unit and adjusting method | |
| CN210239765U (en) | Safe energy-saving steam extraction and heat supply system capable of flexibly adjusting steam inlet of low-pressure cylinder | |
| CN107940538A (en) | A kind of classification hold over system and its peak regulating method for cogeneration units | |
| CN209800043U (en) | High-pressure industrial steam supply system | |
| CN108194156A (en) | A kind of zero output heating system of low pressure (LP) cylinder and method of no cooling steam bypass | |
| CN111255530A (en) | Thermal power generating unit load adjusting system and method assisted by butterfly valve with low-pressure cylinder | |
| CN109653820A (en) | A kind of high pressure industrial steam supply system and control method | |
| CN212296519U (en) | Variable-parameter multi-element cascade thermoelectric decoupling system of thermal power heat supply unit | |
| CN112065520B (en) | Cold and hot re-cooperative steam supply system and method | |
| CN112240231A (en) | Multi-source stable industrial steam supply system and method considering reliability and economy | |
| CN111042879B (en) | High-load high-efficiency turbine unit with high and medium pressure cylinders cut off by separate cylinders | |
| CN111397395A (en) | Gas source control method for energy-saving mixing of high-temperature high-pressure steam for industrial steam supply | |
| CN113898423A (en) | High-efficient turbo electric power generation system of degree of depth peak regulation that unipolar was arranged | |
| CN213450529U (en) | Multi-source stable industrial steam supply system with reliability and economy | |
| CN210889045U (en) | High-flexibility peak shaving thermodynamic system of secondary reheating unit | |
| CN114233403A (en) | High-efficient turbo electric power generation system of degree of depth peak regulation that split-axis was arranged | |
| CN106884689B (en) | A kind of method of small-sized steam-extracting type heat supply steam turbine steam discharge wet down | |
| CN113464225B (en) | System and method for wide load operation of power plant with two-stage steam ejector | |
| CN211777610U (en) | Thermal power generating unit load adjusting system with low-pressure cylinder butterfly valve is supplementary | |
| CN114607997A (en) | Novel heat storage heat exchanger system | |
| CN210087400U (en) | Gas-steam combined cycle power plant shaft seal steam supply system | |
| CN216429691U (en) | High-efficient turbo electric power generation system of degree of depth peak regulation that unipolar was arranged | |
| CN216406918U (en) | High-efficient turbo electric power generation system of degree of depth peak regulation that split-axis was arranged | |
| CN113006891A (en) | Comprehensive frequency modulation system and method for coupling heat supply and low-pressure steam extraction | |
| CN215718997U (en) | Thermoelectric decoupling heating system based on steam booster |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |