Background
a carbonate fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction power generation system using fuel, water, and air as raw materials, and the reactions at the anode and cathode of the system are as follows:
Anode: 1) CH (CH)4+2H2O+Heat→4H2+CO2
2)H2+CO3 2-→H2O+CO2+2e-+Heat;
Cathode: 1/2O2+CO2+2e-→CO3 2-;
CO is contained in the anode release gas2、H2、CH4、H2o and CO, the anode released gas and air enter the catalytic oxidizer together, and CO and CH in the catalytic oxidizer4、H2Oxidation to CO2And H2o and release heat during oxidation to make air and CO2Is increased in temperature, the air and CO after the temperature is increased2Gas enters the cathode of the fuel cell to perform cathode of the fuel cellAnd (4) reacting. The carbonate fuel cell stack generates electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and is a distributed power generation system.
Hydrogen energy is a recognized clean energy in the world, and the development strategy of the hydrogen energy industry is actively distributed in all countries in the world. In recent years, the guidance and support of the development policy of the hydrogen energy industry are continuously increased in China, the 'hydrogen energy and fuel cell' is clearly proposed as a strategic task and a new industry, and the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry is intensively developed in the future. In the future, hydrogen energy is brought into a terminal energy system in China and is synergistically complemented with electric power to jointly become a consumption main body of the terminal energy system.
The important guarantee of hydrogen energy development is sufficient hydrogen, the traditional hydrogen production method takes coal, natural gas and the like as raw materials to produce hydrogen on a large scale, and the future hydrogen energy era needs distributed small-scale hydrogen sources all over the world, so a new small-scale hydrogen production mode needs to be continuously developed.
The carbonate fuel cell power generation system is a small-sized distributed power generation system, and anode release gas of the carbonate fuel cell contains about 25% of hydrogen and about 70% of CO2And small amounts of CO and N2、CH4、H2O, because the pressure of gas released by the anode is low, the hydrogen content is low, the gas is equivalent to desorption gas of pressure swing adsorption of a natural gas hydrogen production device, the gas is generally only used as fuel, if the energy consumption of hydrogen purification by adopting a conventional process is very high, if membrane separation is adopted, the raw material gas needs to be compressed to be more than 2.0MPa, the purity of the hydrogen subjected to membrane separation is low, and the hydrogen loss is large, while the raw material gas needs to be compressed to be more than 0.7MPa when the hydrogen is extracted by adopting a one-section pressure swing adsorption method, and the hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell has higher requirements on trace impurities, especially the CO content, and the content of the hydrogen is required to be less than or equal to 0.2ppmv by the standard GB/T. Therefore, there is a need to develop an optimized process that ensures both higher hydrogen quality and lower energy consumption.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a system for hydrogen is prepared to fuel cell anode gas high efficiency hydrogen for fuel cell, the utility model discloses the electric energy that the hydrogen manufacturing system used a small amount of fuel cell group production adopts the high-efficient hydrogen for fuel cell of producing of multistage pressure swing adsorption method, upgrades fuel cell power generation system from distributed electric energy system to distributed electric energy and distributed hydrogen energy system.
The utility model discloses the purpose is realized through following technical scheme:
A system for efficiently preparing hydrogen for a hydrogen fuel cell from anode gas of the fuel cell comprises the fuel cell, a compression unit I, a hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit, a compression unit II and a pressure swing adsorption purification unit which are sequentially communicated; the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit and the pressure swing adsorption purification unit are communicated with the fuel cell.
Further, the pressure swing adsorption purification unit comprises a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit and a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit.
Further, the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit is communicated with the fuel cell, and the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit is communicated with the compression unit I.
furthermore, a cooling unit I is further arranged between the compression unit I and the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit, and a cooling unit II is further arranged between the compression unit II and the pressure swing adsorption purification unit.
Further, the fuel cell is a carbonate fuel cell.
Furthermore, the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit adopts a low-pressure adsorption evacuation regeneration process with the number of adsorption towers being more than or equal to 5, and the adsorption towers adopt a composite adsorption bed of activated alumina and activated carbon adsorbents.
Furthermore, the number of the adsorption towers of the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit is greater than or equal to 5, and the adsorption towers adopt composite adsorption beds of activated alumina, activated carbon and molecular sieve adsorbents.
Furthermore, the number of the adsorption towers of the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit is more than or equal to 4, and the adsorption towers adopt composite adsorption beds of activated carbon and molecular sieves or single-layer adsorption beds of molecular sieves.
The method for efficiently preparing the hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell by using the system comprises the following steps:
A method for efficiently preparing hydrogen for a hydrogen fuel cell from anode gas of the fuel cell comprises the steps of pressurizing anode gas released by the fuel cell by a compression unit I, then entering a hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit, pressurizing crude hydrogen concentrated by the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit by a compression unit II, and then entering a pressure swing adsorption purification unit;
the pressure swing adsorption purification unit adopts a one-stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction method, or adopts a two-stage method comprising pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification and pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification;
The desorbed gas obtained by the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit, the one-stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction and the two-stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification is returned to the fuel cell to participate in the electrochemical reaction;
And the desorbed gas purified by the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen is returned to be used as a hydrogen production raw material, is mixed with the anode released gas of the fuel cell and then enters the compression unit I to participate in circulation again.
Further, the fuel cell is a carbonate fuel cell; the pressure of the compression unit I is 0.05-0.4 MPa; and the pressure of the compression unit II is 0.5-3.0 MPa.
Further, still be provided with cooling unit I behind the compression unit I, still be provided with cooling unit II behind the compression unit II, cool off gas temperature to 20 ~ 40 ℃ respectively through cooling unit I and cooling unit II that cool off.
Further, the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption is a low pressure adsorption evacuation regeneration process, the number of adsorption beds is greater than or equal to 5, the adsorption pressure is 0.05-0.4 MPa, preferably 0.1-0.3 MPa, and the pressure equalizing frequency is 1-3 times.
further, the one-stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction adopts a vacuum regeneration process, the number of adsorption beds is more than or equal to 5, the adsorption pressure is 0.5-3.0 MPa, preferably 0.7-1.7 MPa, and the pressure equalizing times are 2-5 times; or the one-stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction adopts a flushing regeneration process, the number of the adsorption beds is more than or equal to 4, the adsorption pressure is 0.7-3.0 MPa, and the preferred pressure is 0.8-1.7 MPa; the pressure equalizing times are 2-4 times.
Further, the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification adopts a vacuum regeneration process, the number of adsorption beds is more than or equal to 5, the adsorption pressure is 0.5-3.0 MPa, preferably 0.7-1.7 MPa, and the pressure equalizing times are 2-5 times; the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification adopts a flushing regeneration process, the number of adsorption beds is more than or equal to 4, the adsorption pressure is 0.5-3.0 MPa, and the preferred pressure is 0.7-1.7 MPa; the pressure equalizing times are 1-3.
The utility model discloses the system concrete working process of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell is prepared to fuel cell anode gas is as follows:
The anode discharge gas of the fuel cell (preferably carbonate fuel cell) group contains about 25% of hydrogen and about 70% of CO2Small amount of CO, N2、CH4、H2O, the pressure is normal pressure. Compressing the anode release gas to 0.05-0.4 MPa (preferably 0.1-0.3 MPa) through a compression unit I, then cooling through a cooling unit I, entering a hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit at 20-40 ℃, removing more than 90% of impurities in the anode release gas, and concentrating the hydrogen to 80-92% or even higher purity; the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit adopts a low-pressure adsorption evacuation regeneration process with the number of adsorption towers being more than or equal to 5, the pressure equalizing frequency is 1-3, and the adsorption towers adopt a composite adsorption bed of activated alumina and activated carbon adsorbents.
The crude hydrogen concentrated by the low-pressure hydrogen is compressed to 0.5-3.0 MPa (preferably 0.7-1.7 MPa) by a compression unit II, then is cooled by a cooling unit II, and enters a pressure swing adsorption purification unit at 20-40 ℃, the hydrogen can be directly purified to the hydrogen standard for the hydrogen used by the fuel cell by adopting one-stage pressure swing adsorption hydrogen extraction, or the hydrogen can be extracted by adopting two-stage pressure swing adsorption, namely pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification and pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification, the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification is to purify the hydrogen to 99% -99.9% (v/v), and the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification is to purify the hydrogen purified by the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen to the hydrogen meeting the hydrogen standard for the hydrogen used by the fuel cell. The number of adsorption towers for purifying the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen is greater than or equal to 5, the pressure equalizing frequency is 2-5, and the adsorption towers adopt composite adsorption beds of activated alumina, activated carbon and molecular sieve adsorbents; the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification adopts flushing regeneration pressure swing adsorption with the number of adsorption towers being more than or equal to 4, the pressure equalizing frequency is 1-3, and the adsorption towers adopt composite adsorption beds of activated carbon and molecular sieve or molecular sieve single-layer adsorption beds.
When the pressure swing adsorption purification unit adopts a one-stage pressure swing adsorption to extract hydrogen, the desorbed gas of the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit and the pressure swing adsorption purification unit returns to the fuel cell to participate in electrochemical reaction.
When the pressure swing adsorption purification unit adopts a two-stage method comprising pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification and pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification, desorbed gas purified by the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit and the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen returns to the fuel cell to participate in electrochemical reaction, and desorbed gas purified by the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen returns to a raw material gas inlet to be mixed with anode released gas and then enters the compression unit I to participate in circulation again.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. The utility model discloses with the low-quality hydrogen of fuel only as about 25% of content in the fuel cell positive pole release gas, lead to many high-efficient hydrogen manufacturing technology and system's purification for hydrogen fuel cell, promoted the value of hydrogen, improved fuel cell power generation system's economic nature.
2. The hydrogen in the gas released by the anode of the fuel cell is purified into the hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell, and the fuel cell power generation system is upgraded from a distributed electric energy system into a distributed electric energy and distributed hydrogen energy system, so that the efficiency and the energy strategic position of the fuel cell power generation system are improved.
3. According to the characteristics of low hydrogen content, high carbon dioxide content and low gas pressure in the gas released by the anode of the fuel cell, a process route of firstly concentrating at low pressure to remove most impurities and then boosting to purify the hydrogen is adopted, so that the overall energy consumption of the device is reduced, the hydrogen yield is high, and the hydrogen yield can reach 75-88%.
Example 1
The composition of the anode bleed gas of the carbonate fuel cell stack is:
V(H2):V(N2):V(CO):V(CH4):V(CO2):V(H2O) 24.61:0.25:1.53:0.08:70.09:3.42, the pressure was normal pressure, and the temperature after heat exchange was normal temperature.
As shown in figure 1, anode release gas is pressurized to 0.3MPa by a compression unit I, then cooled by a cooling unit I, enters a 5-tower hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit at 35 ℃ for hydrogen concentration, and adopts a vacuum pressure swing adsorption process of 2-tower adsorption, 2-step pressure equalization and evacuation regeneration; the adsorption tower adopts a composite adsorption bed of two adsorbents, namely activated alumina and activated carbon. After being treated by the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit, the purity of the hydrogen is concentrated from 24.6 percent to 91.5 percent.
The low-pressure crude hydrogen passing through the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit enters a compression unit II to be compressed to 1.0Mpa, then is cooled through a cooling unit II, enters a 6-tower pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit at the temperature of 35 ℃, and adopts a 1-tower adsorption, 4-time pressure equalization and evacuation regeneration process; the adsorption tower adopts a composite adsorption bed of activated alumina, activated carbon and molecular sieves. The hydrogen was purified to 99.9% (v/v) by a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit.
99.9% (v/v) hydrogen enters a 5-tower pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit at 0.9-0.95 MPa to purify the hydrogen to 99.999% (v/v), and in order to meet the hydrogen standard for the hydrogen fuel cell, 1-tower feeding, 2-time pressure equalization and flushing regeneration processes are adopted, and a molecular sieve type adsorption bed is adopted in an adsorption tower. The desorbed gas purified by the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen returns to the feed gas inlet to be mixed with the anode released gas and then enters the compression unit I to participate in the hydrogen extraction process again.
The desorbed gas of the hydrogen concentration pressure swing adsorption unit and the pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification unit is mixed and then returns to the carbonate fuel cell to participate in electrochemical reaction, and the recovery rate of the hydrogen reaches 87%.