CN209781440U - Crankshaft - Google Patents

Crankshaft Download PDF

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Publication number
CN209781440U
CN209781440U CN201920137064.4U CN201920137064U CN209781440U CN 209781440 U CN209781440 U CN 209781440U CN 201920137064 U CN201920137064 U CN 201920137064U CN 209781440 U CN209781440 U CN 209781440U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
main journal
rod neck
main
crankshaft
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Active
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CN201920137064.4U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
鲍李鹏
李彦东
胡洪涛
杨倩
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Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
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Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201920137064.4U priority Critical patent/CN209781440U/en
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Abstract

The utility model provides a crankshaft, two at least main journals that it has coaxial and interval setting to and for main journal eccentric settings, and be located the connecting rod neck between the adjacent main journal respectively, the both ends of each connecting rod neck are connected with adjacent main journal via the crank arm respectively, be constructed with the connecting rod neck lightening hole in the connecting rod neck, and because of the setting in connecting rod neck lightening hole, the barycenter of connecting rod neck is to one side offset that is provided with the main journal for self centroid. Bent axle, through the barycenter with the connecting rod neck for the centroid offset for the bent axle rotates the in-process, the connecting rod neck acts on the centrifugal force of main shaft and reduces, can improve the fatigue strength of bent axle, and, optionally use the balancing piece that weight is lighter relatively, so that the effort of applying to the main shaft is balanced, thereby can alleviate the gross weight of bent axle, improve bent axle balancing rate, and can guarantee the NVH performance of engine.

Description

Crankshaft
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to bent axle.
Background
The crankshaft is the main rotating part of the engine, and after the connecting rod is arranged, the crankshaft can bear the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the connecting rod to be changed into the circulating rotation motion, so the crankshaft is an important part on the engine.
At present, a crankshaft is mostly of a solid structure, and most of crankshaft blanks are produced by casting or forging. The cast crankshaft is made of nodular cast iron, so that an ideal structure is conveniently cast; most forged crankshafts are forged steel and have good mechanical properties.
The solid crankshaft product is heavy in weight whether cast or forged. Because the weight is reduced, the oil consumption can be reduced, and therefore, in order to reduce the weight of the crankshaft, a method of reducing the balance rate is often adopted, however, the method has large pressure on bearing bushes, is not beneficial to reducing the oil consumption of the whole engine and the whole vehicle, is not more beneficial to improving the NVH performance of the whole engine and the whole vehicle, and a method of increasing the weight of the crankshaft is adopted for improving the balance rate by some crankshafts.
Such as: the traditional three-cylinder engine generally has six balance blocks, a method of reducing the balance rate is adopted for reducing the weight, and two small balance blocks in the middle can be eliminated, so that the weight can be reduced, but the engine is easy to shake, and the risk of shaft breakage is serious and even exists.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a crankshaft that can reduce weight without reducing balance rate.
in order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized like this:
A crankshaft is provided with at least two main journals which are coaxially and arranged at intervals, and connecting rods which are eccentrically arranged relative to the main journals and are respectively positioned between the adjacent main journals, two ends of each connecting rod are respectively connected with the adjacent main journals through crank arms, connecting rod journal lightening holes are formed in the connecting rod journals, and the mass center of each connecting rod journal is offset relative to the self-centroid of the connecting rod journal towards one side where the main journals are arranged due to the arrangement of the connecting rod journal lightening holes.
Further, due to the arrangement of the connecting rod neck lightening hole, the direction from the mass center to the self-centroid of the connecting rod neck is opposite to the rotation direction of the main journal.
Further, in the axial direction of the connecting rod neck, the radial dimension of the middle part of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is larger than that of the two ends.
Furthermore, the connecting rod neck lightening hole comprises a connecting rod drum-shaped hole positioned in the middle and connecting rod cylindrical holes which are respectively connected with two ends of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole to form two ends of the connecting rod neck lightening hole; in the axial direction of the connecting rod neck, the connecting rod cylindrical holes at the two ends respectively penetrate through the crank arm arrangement at the corresponding ends, and the axial length of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole is greater than that of the connecting rod neck.
Further, the axis of the connecting-rod-neck lightening hole is arranged parallel to the axis of the connecting rod neck, and the axis of the connecting-rod-neck lightening hole is offset to the side away from the main journal relative to the axis of the connecting rod neck.
Further, the other end of each crank arm is connected with a balance weight through a thrust plate relative to the end connected with the connecting rod neck, and the dimension of the thrust plate along the axial direction of the main journal is smaller than the dimension of the crank arm and the balance weight along the axial direction of the main journal.
Furthermore, a main journal lightening hole is formed in at least one main journal.
Further, in the axial direction of the main journal, the radial dimension of the middle part of the main journal lightening hole is larger than that of the two ends.
Further, the main journal lightening hole comprises a main journal drum-shaped hole positioned in the middle and main journal cylindrical holes respectively connected with two ends of the main journal drum-shaped hole to form two ends of the main journal lightening hole; the axis of the main journal lightening hole is superposed with the axis of the main journal; in the axial direction of the main journal, the main shaft cylindrical holes at two ends respectively penetrate through the thrust discs at the corresponding ends, and the axial length of the main shaft drum-shaped hole is smaller than that of the main journal.
Further, the ratio of the radial dimension of the connecting rod neck lightening hole to the diameter of the connecting rod neck is larger than the ratio of the radial dimension of the main journal lightening hole to the diameter of the main journal.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following advantage has:
(1) Bent axle, through the barycenter with the connecting rod neck for the centroid offset for the bent axle rotates the in-process, the connecting rod neck acts on the centrifugal force of main shaft and reduces, can improve the fatigue strength of bent axle, and, optionally use the balancing piece that weight is lighter relatively, so that the effort of applying to the main shaft is balanced, thereby can alleviate the gross weight of bent axle, improve bent axle balancing rate, and can guarantee the NVH performance of engine.
(2) The direction from the centroid of the connecting rod neck to the centroid of the connecting rod neck is opposite to the rotating direction of the main journal, so that the centroid of the connecting rod neck deviates to one side of the crank arm subjected to tension in the rotating process, the structural strength of the side can be improved, and the service life of the crankshaft can be prolonged while the weight is reduced.
(3) The radial dimension of the middle part of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is larger than the radial dimensions of the two ends, so that the strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced.
(4) The connecting rod neck lightening hole comprises a connecting rod drum-shaped hole positioned in the middle and a connecting rod cylindrical hole which is respectively connected with two ends of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole to form two ends of the connecting rod neck lightening hole; the ratio of the diameter of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole to the diameter of the connecting rod neck is larger than the ratio of the diameter of the connecting rod cylindrical hole to the diameter of the connecting rod neck, so that the strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced; in the axial direction of the connecting rod neck, the axial length of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole is greater than that of the connecting rod neck, so that the toughness of the crankshaft can be increased, the fatigue strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the total weight of the crankshaft can be effectively reduced.
(5) The axis of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is parallel to the axis of the connecting rod neck, and the axis of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is offset towards one side far away from the main journal relative to the axis of the connecting rod neck, so that the crankshaft has a good lightening effect on the basis of ensuring the strength of the crankshaft.
(6) the axial size of the thrust plate along the main journal is smaller than the axial size of the crank arm and the balance block along the main journal, so that the thickness of the crank arm can be thinned as much as possible, unstressed materials on the crank arm can be removed as much as possible, the strength of the crankshaft can be ensured, and the weight can be reduced better.
(7) The total weight of the crankshaft can be further reduced by arranging the main journal lightening holes.
(8) Along the axial of main journal, the radial dimension at the middle part of main journal lightening hole is greater than the radial dimension at both ends, can improve bent axle intensity, can reduce bent axle weight again.
(9) The main journal lightening holes comprise main journal drum-shaped holes and main journal cylindrical holes which are respectively connected with two ends of the main journal drum-shaped holes to form two ends of the main journal lightening holes, so that the ratio of the diameter of the main journal drum-shaped holes to the diameter of the main journal is larger than that of the main journal cylindrical holes to the diameter of the main journal, the strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced; in the axial direction of the main journal, the axial length of the main journal drum-shaped hole is smaller than that of the main journal, so that the rigidity of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight can be effectively reduced.
(10) The ratio of the radial dimension of the connecting rod neck lightening hole to the diameter of the connecting rod neck is larger than the ratio of the radial dimension of the main journal lightening hole to the diameter of the main journal, and the connecting rod neck lightening hole has a good lightening effect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without undue limitation. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crankshaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a connecting rod neck lightening hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Description of reference numerals:
1-main journal, 2-connecting rod journal, 3-crank arm, 4-balance block and 5-thrust plate;
101-a first main journal, 102-a second main journal, 103-a third main journal, 104-a fourth main journal;
201-first link neck, 202-second link neck, 203-third link neck, 204-link drum-shaped hole, 205-link cylindrical hole;
301-first crank arm, 302-second crank arm, 303-third crank arm, 304-fourth crank arm, 305-fifth crank arm, 306-sixth crank arm.
Detailed Description
it should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The present embodiment relates to a crankshaft having at least two main journals disposed coaxially and at a distance from each other, and connecting journals disposed eccentrically with respect to the main journals and respectively located between the adjacent main journals, wherein both ends of each connecting journal are connected to the adjacent main journals through crank arms, respectively, connecting journal lightening holes are formed in the connecting journals, and the center of mass of each connecting journal is offset with respect to the centroid of the connecting journal to the side where the main journal is disposed due to the provision of the connecting journal lightening holes.
Based on the above overall structural description, an exemplary structure of the crankshaft of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and fig. 1 shows a crankshaft suitable for a three-cylinder engine application, which includes four main journals 1 coaxially and at intervals, and for convenience of description, the first main journal 101, the second main journal 102, the third main journal 103, and the fourth main journal 104 are sequentially referred to from left to right.
Still include for three connecting rod neck of main journal 1 eccentric settings, be provided with a connecting rod neck between every two adjacent main journals 1, for the convenience of description, become first connecting rod neck 201, second connecting rod neck 202 and third connecting rod neck 203 from left to right in proper order, first connecting rod neck 201, second connecting rod neck 202 and third connecting rod neck 203 three are not collinear, and the homogeneous phase is for main journal 1 eccentric settings. Specifically, the first journal 201 is connected between the first main journal 101 and the second main journal 102, the second journal 202 is connected between the second main journal 102 and the third main journal 103, and the third journal 203 is connected between the third main journal 103 and the fourth main journal 104.
More specifically, both ends of each connecting rod neck 2 are connected to the adjacent main journals 1 via crank arms 3, respectively, and the crank arms 3 include a first crank arm 301, a second crank arm 302, a third crank arm 303, a fourth crank arm 304, a fifth crank arm 305, and a sixth crank arm 306, which are arranged in this order from left to right, specifically in the present embodiment, the left end of the first connecting rod journal 201 is connected to the first main journal 101 via the first crank arm 301, the right end of the first connecting rod journal 201 is connected to the second main journal 102 via the second crank arm 302, the left end of the second connecting rod journal 202 is connected to the second main journal 102 via the third crank arm 303, the right end of the second connecting rod journal 202 is connected to the third main journal 103 via the fourth crank arm 304, the left end of the third connecting rod journal 203 is connected to the third main journal 103 via the fifth crank arm 305, and the right end of the third connecting rod journal 203 is connected to the fourth main journal 104 via the sixth crank arm 306.
as shown in fig. 2, the main improvement of the present embodiment is that a neck lightening hole is formed in each of the journals 2, and the center of mass of the journal 2 is offset from the centroid thereof toward the side where the main journal 1 is provided, due to the provision of the neck lightening hole. This structure makes the bent axle rotate the in-process, and the connecting rod neck 2 acts on the centrifugal force of main shaft and reduces, can improve the fatigue strength of bent axle to, optional weight counter weight 4 that weight is lighter relatively to the messenger is balanced to the effort that the main shaft was applyed, thereby can alleviate the gross weight of bent axle, improves the balancing rate of bent axle, and can guarantee the NVH performance of engine.
Further, due to the provision of the pitman weight-reducing hole, the direction from the centroid of the pitman 2 to the centroid thereof is opposite to the rotation direction of the main journal 1. Above structure makes the barycenter of connecting rod neck 2 deviate from tensile one side of crank arm 3 among the rotation process, can improve the structural strength of this side, consequently can be when losing weight, the life of extension bent axle.
In order to obtain a better weight reduction effect, the radial dimension of the middle part of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is larger than the radial dimensions of the two ends in the axial direction of the connecting rod neck 2, so that the strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced.
In a specific structure, the connecting rod neck lightening hole comprises a connecting rod drum-shaped hole 204 positioned in the middle and a connecting rod cylindrical hole 205 which is respectively connected with two ends of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole 204 to form two ends of the connecting rod neck lightening hole; the ratio of the diameter of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole 204 to the diameter of the connecting rod neck 2 is larger than the ratio of the diameter of the connecting rod cylindrical hole 205 to the diameter of the connecting rod neck 2, so that the strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced.
In order to obtain a good weight reduction effect, the ratio of the diameter of the hosel weight-reduction hole to the diameter of the hosel 2 is preferably 0.35 to 0.5, specifically, the ratio of the maximum diameter of the hosel drum-shaped hole 204 to the diameter of the hosel 2 is preferably 0.5, and the ratio of the diameter of the hosel cylindrical hole 205 to the diameter of the hosel 2 is preferably 0.3.
In addition, in the axial of connecting rod neck 2, the connecting rod cylindricality hole 205 at both ends runs through the crank arm 3 setting that corresponds the end respectively, and the axial length in connecting rod drum shape hole 204 is greater than the axial length of connecting rod neck 2, so multiplicable bent axle toughness improves the fatigue strength of bent axle, and can effectively reduce the gross weight of bent axle.
In the above structure, the axis of the pitman weight-reducing hole is parallel to the axis of the pitman 2, and the axis of the pitman weight-reducing hole is offset to the side away from the main journal 1 with respect to the axis of the pitman 2. For a better weight reduction effect, the ratio of the dimension of the offset of the axis of the pitman weight-reducing hole with respect to the axis of the pitman 2 to the diameter of the pitman 2 is preferably 0.04 to 0.08.
The axis of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is arranged in parallel to the axis of the connecting rod neck 2, and the axis of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is offset towards one side far away from the main journal 1 relative to the axis of the connecting rod neck 2, so that the crankshaft strength is ensured, and a better lightening effect is achieved.
The other end of each crank arm 3 is connected to a balance weight 4 via a thrust plate 5, i.e. each crank arm 3 is connected to a corresponding balance weight 4 via a thrust plate 5, and the balance weights 4 may be two connected to two thrust plates 5 respectively or one connected to two thrust plates 5 corresponding to each crank arm 2. Further, the shape of the weight 4 is not limited to the fan shape shown in the drawings, and may be a square shape or other shapes.
In a specific structure, the thrust disc 5, the crank arm 3 and the balance weight 4 in the same group are combined into a waisted structure, that is, the axial size of the thrust disc 5 along the main journal 1 is smaller than the axial size of the crank arm 3 and the balance weight 4 along the main journal 1. The structure can reduce the thickness of the crank arm 3 as much as possible, remove the unstressed material on the crank arm 3 as much as possible, ensure the strength of the crank shaft and reduce the weight better. In this embodiment, the thickness of the thrust disk 5 is preferably 7-12 mm.
In at least one of the main journals 1, a main journal lightening hole, not shown in the drawings, is formed to further reduce the total weight of the crankshaft, and the structure of the main journal lightening hole is similar to that of the connecting journal lightening hole, and therefore, no schematic drawing is given. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the main journal lightening holes in the first main journal 101 are blind holes, the left opening is connected to the rotating shaft, the main journal lightening holes in the fourth main journal 104 are closed, the left side is cast, and the right side is machined to fit the bearing. Further, the right end of the fourth main journal 104 is connected to a flywheel, not shown, via a flange. The second main journal 102 and the third main journal 103 are each formed with a main journal lightening hole, which is cast and respectively penetrates through the thrust plates 5 on both sides, so that both ends of the main journal lightening hole are open.
In the embodiment, the radial dimension of the middle part of the lightening hole of the main journal is larger than the radial dimensions of the two ends along the axial direction of the main journal 1, so that the strength of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced. In order to obtain a good weight reduction effect, the ratio of the diameter of the main journal lightening hole to the diameter of the main journal 1 is preferably 0.35 to 0.48, specifically, the ratio of the maximum diameter of the main journal 1 drum-shaped hole to the diameter of the main journal 1 is preferably 0.48, and the ratio of the diameter of the main journal 1 cylindrical hole to the diameter of the main journal 1 is preferably 0.3.
It should also be noted here that the ratio of the radial dimension of the pin-neck lightening hole to the diameter of the pin neck 2 is greater than the ratio of the radial dimension of the main-journal lightening hole to the diameter of the main journal 1. The ratio of the radial dimension of the connecting rod neck lightening hole to the diameter of the connecting rod neck 2 is larger than the ratio of the radial dimension of the main journal lightening hole to the diameter of the main journal 1, and the connecting rod neck lightening hole has a good lightening effect.
In this embodiment, the main journal lightening hole includes a main journal drum-shaped hole and main journal cylindrical holes respectively connected to both ends of the main journal drum-shaped hole to form both ends of the main journal lightening hole, so that a ratio of a diameter of the main journal drum-shaped hole to a diameter of the main journal 1 is greater than a ratio of the diameter of the main journal cylindrical hole to the diameter of the main journal 1, which can improve crankshaft strength and reduce crankshaft weight. In addition, in the axial direction of the main journal 1, the axial length of the main journal drum-shaped hole is smaller than that of the main journal 1; and the axis of the main journal lightening hole is superposed with the axis of the main journal 1, so that the rigidity of the crankshaft can be improved, and the weight can be effectively lightened.
The crankshaft of the embodiment can reduce the friction loss of the crankshaft rotation and effectively reduce the friction work under the normal operation working condition of the engine, thereby realizing better fuel economy performance and emission performance of the engine, reducing the vibration of the engine and improving the NVH performance of the whole engine and the whole vehicle.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a crankshaft having at least two main journals (1) arranged coaxially and at intervals, and connecting journals (2) arranged eccentrically with respect to the main journals (1) and respectively located between the adjacent main journals (1), both ends of each connecting journal (2) being connected to the adjacent main journals (1) via crank arms (3), respectively, characterized in that: a connecting rod neck lightening hole is formed in the connecting rod neck (2), and due to the arrangement of the connecting rod neck lightening hole, the mass center of the connecting rod neck (2) is offset relative to the body shape center towards one side of the main journal (1).
2. The crankshaft of claim 1, wherein: due to the arrangement of the connecting rod neck lightening holes, the direction from the mass center to the self-centroid of the connecting rod neck (2) is opposite to the rotation direction of the main journal (1).
3. the crankshaft of claim 1, wherein: in the axial direction of the connecting rod neck (2), the radial dimension of the middle part of the connecting rod neck lightening hole is larger than that of the two ends.
4. The crankshaft of claim 3, wherein: the connecting rod neck lightening hole comprises a connecting rod drum-shaped hole (204) positioned in the middle and connecting rod cylindrical holes (205) which are respectively connected with two ends of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole (204) to form two ends of the connecting rod neck lightening hole; in the axial direction of the connecting rod neck (2), the connecting rod cylindrical holes (205) at two ends respectively penetrate through the corresponding ends of the crank arm (3) and are arranged, and the axial length of the connecting rod drum-shaped hole (204) is greater than that of the connecting rod neck (2).
5. The crankshaft of claim 4, wherein: the axes of the connecting rod neck lightening holes are arranged parallel to the axes of the connecting rod necks (2), and the axes of the connecting rod neck lightening holes are offset to one side away from the main journal (1) relative to the axes of the connecting rod necks (2).
6. The crankshaft of claim 4, wherein: the other end of each crank arm (3) is connected with a balance weight (4) through a thrust plate (5) relative to the end connected with the connecting rod neck (2), and the size of the thrust plate (5) along the axial direction of the main journal (1) is smaller than the size of the crank arm (3) and the balance weight (4) along the axial direction of the main journal (1).
7. A crankshaft according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: a main journal lightening hole is formed in at least one of the main journals (1).
8. The crankshaft of claim 7, wherein: in the axial direction of the main journal (1), the radial size of the middle part of the main journal lightening hole is larger than that of the two ends.
9. The crankshaft of claim 8, wherein: the main journal lightening hole comprises a main journal drum-shaped hole positioned in the middle and main journal cylindrical holes respectively connected with two ends of the main journal drum-shaped hole to form two ends of the main journal lightening hole; the axis of the main journal lightening hole is superposed with the axis of the main journal (1); in the axial direction of the main journal (1), the main shaft cylindrical holes at the two ends respectively penetrate through the thrust discs (5) at the corresponding ends, and the axial length of the main shaft drum-shaped hole is smaller than that of the main journal (1).
10. The crankshaft of claim 7, wherein: the ratio of the radial dimension of the connecting rod neck lightening hole to the diameter of the connecting rod neck (2) is greater than the ratio of the radial dimension of the main journal lightening hole to the diameter of the main journal (1).
CN201920137064.4U 2019-01-25 2019-01-25 Crankshaft Active CN209781440U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201920137064.4U CN209781440U (en) 2019-01-25 2019-01-25 Crankshaft

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201920137064.4U CN209781440U (en) 2019-01-25 2019-01-25 Crankshaft

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN209781440U true CN209781440U (en) 2019-12-13

Family

ID=68793838

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201920137064.4U Active CN209781440U (en) 2019-01-25 2019-01-25 Crankshaft

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN209781440U (en)

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