CN209668993U - 基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置 - Google Patents
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- CN209668993U CN209668993U CN201920139158.5U CN201920139158U CN209668993U CN 209668993 U CN209668993 U CN 209668993U CN 201920139158 U CN201920139158 U CN 201920139158U CN 209668993 U CN209668993 U CN 209668993U
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMy4zJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+SDwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMjguMicgeT0nNjIuOScgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToxNXB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPjI8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzM1LjAnIHk9JzUzLjYnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjNweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium carbonate Chemical compound 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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，包括海水淡化组件和太阳能集热组件；海水淡化组件包括蒸发池、冷凝器、海水过滤装置、管壳式换热器、淡水箱、水泵A、水泵B、流量计A、流量计B、阀门A、阀门B及阀门C；太阳能集热组件包括换热管、加热板、太阳能集热器、膨胀油箱及油泵；换热管连同加热板均设在蒸发池内腔的底部。本实用新型包含太阳能集热组件和海水淡化组件，两者可分别独立循环运行并进行热交换。太阳能集热组件和海水淡化组件内部循环的分别是导热油和海水，海水不进入太阳能集热组件内部，从而避免了海水在集热管内结垢，延长了太阳能集热组件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及海水淡化技术领域，特别是一种基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置。
背景技术
海水淡化即利用海水脱盐生产淡水。现在所用的海水淡化方法有海水冻结法、电渗析法、蒸馏法、反渗透法及碳酸铵离子交换法，其中，应用较为广泛的海水淡化方法主要有反渗透膜法和蒸馏法，两者在全球产量分别为49%和50%。
反渗透膜法虽然耗能相对较低，但膜易受到污染和结垢的影响，预处理的要求较高，即该方法所花费的成本较高。
蒸馏法是通过加热海水使之沸腾汽化，再把蒸汽冷凝成淡水的方法。蒸馏法海水淡化技术是最早投人工业化应用的淡化技术，工艺成熟，运行可靠，对原水预处理要求低，出水品质好，但其缺点是耗电量大，成本高。
随着全球能源的短缺，人们也越来越重视可再生能源的发展。近年来，利用无污染的太阳能进行海水淡化，已成为世界各国关注的重点。太阳能为可再生能源，洁净无污染，较容易实现热能能级的合理匹配。对于边远地区、海岛、渔村等淡水资源不足且普遍缺乏电力的地区，利用太阳能进行海水淡化具有十分重要的意义。
现有的太阳能海水淡化技术存在以下不足之处：
1、工序繁杂，涉及组件较多，成本投入较高，系统内部热量损失较多，太阳能利用率较低；
2、海水通常直接通入集热器中加热，由于海水中盐分含量较高，很容易在管道内结垢，从而堵塞集热管，造成太阳能集热器的维修成本偏高，使用寿命偏低。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的是克服现有技术的不足，而提供一种基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，它解决了现有的太阳能海水淡化技术太阳能利用率低、集热管内通海水易结垢的问题。
本实用新型的技术方案是：基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，包括海水淡化组件和太阳能集热组件；
海水淡化组件包括蒸发池、冷凝器、海水过滤装置、管壳式换热器、淡水箱、水泵A、水泵B、流量计A、流量计B、阀门A、阀门B、阀门C及水位传感器；蒸发池内部设有容纳海水的内腔，蒸发池上端设有连通至内腔的敞口，蒸发池外壁上从上至下依次设有连通至内腔的进水口和连通至内腔的排水口；冷凝器包括冷凝管、接液槽、连接柱和导流板，冷凝管一端为进水端，另一端为排水端，冷凝管外壁上设有径向伸出的环形翅片，环形翅片沿轴向间隔布置，多根冷凝管间隔且平行布置，接液槽设在冷凝管的正下方，并通过连接柱与冷凝管固接为一体，导流板焊固在相邻的冷凝管之间，从而将所有的冷凝管连接为一体，冷凝器相对于水平面倾斜布置，以使冷凝管的进水端高度高于排水端，同时使接液槽的两端分别形成高端和低端；海水过滤装置的进水端通过管路与海水水源连通，其排水端通过管路与冷凝管的进水端连通；管壳式换热器上设有管程进水口、管程排水口、壳程进水口及壳程排水口，管程进水口通过管路与蒸发池的排水口连通，管程排水口通过管道与外界连通，壳程进水口通过管路与冷凝管的排水端连通，壳程排水口通过管路与蒸发池的进水口连通；淡水箱上设有进水口，淡水箱的进水口通过管路与接液槽的低端连通；阀门C设在与海水过滤装置的进水端相连接的管路上，水泵A、流量计A及阀门A均设在蒸发池的进水口与管壳式换热器的壳程排水口之间的管路上，流量计B及阀门B均设在蒸发池的排水口与管壳式换热器的管程进水口之间的管路上，水泵B设在管壳式换热器的管程排水口连接的管路上；水位传感器设在蒸发池的内腔中；
太阳能集热组件包括换热管、加热板、太阳能集热器、膨胀油箱及油泵；换热管盘绕设置在加热板底部，其一端为出油端，另一端为进油端，换热管连同加热板均设在蒸发池内腔的底部；太阳能集热器内设有导热油管道，导热油管道在太阳能集热器外形成出油端和进油端，太阳能集热器的出油端通过管路与换热管的进油端连通，太阳能集热器的进油端通过管路与换热管的出油端连通；膨胀油箱和油泵均设在太阳能集热器的出油端与换热管的进油端之间的管路上。
本实用新型进一步的技术方案是：加热板相对于水平面呈倾斜布置，倾斜角度为10～20°。
本实用新型再进一步的技术方案是：导流板朝向蒸发池的一侧表面为凸弧面。
本实用新型与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
1、包含太阳能集热组件和海水淡化组件，两者可分别独立循环运行并进行热交换。太阳能集热组件和海水淡化组件内部循环的分别是导热油和海水，海水不进入太阳能集热组件内部，从而避免了海水在集热管内结垢，延长了太阳能集热组件的使用寿命。
2、外部的常温海水进入海水淡化组件，经过两次预热提升温度后，再通入蒸发池内与加热板进行换热，海水第一次换热吸收了蒸发池内散发的高温水蒸气的热量，第二次换热吸收了蒸发池内排出的高温海水的热量，两次预热的设计充分利用了整个装置内部的热量，利用率较高。
3、太阳能集热组件内部通过循环流动的导热油进行吸热和导热，相比采用淡水吸热和导热，导热油加热可到达的温度更高，换热效率更高。
4、不易结垢且易清洗。蒸发池中有控制水位的浮球阀，使蒸发池中的海水控制在一定的水位，且不断的排出蒸发后和浓海水，补充新海水，从而使海水中氯化钠浓度控制在结晶浓度以下，使氯化钠晶体不易析出。海水中含有大量的氯化钠粒子，而氯化钠结晶的条件主要与溶液的浓度和温度有关，而温度越高，氯化钠的溶解度越大，越不容易结晶，所以当控制海水的氯化钠溶液较小时，就不会析出氯化钠晶体，不容易产生结垢现象。加热板为光滑的换热平板，且与壁面呈一定的倾角，在壁面不易结构且易清洗。。
以下结合图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步描述。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图；
图2为冷凝器的结构示意图；
图3为图2的A-A剖视图；
图4为图1的A部放大图。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
如图1-4所示，基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，包括海水淡化组件和太阳能集热组件。
海水淡化组件包括蒸发池101、冷凝器102、海水过滤装置103、管壳式换热器104、淡水箱105、水泵A106、水泵B107、流量计A108、流量计B109、阀门A110、阀门B111及阀门C112。蒸发池101内部设有容纳海水的内腔1011，蒸发池101上端设有连通至内腔1011的敞口1012，蒸发池101外壁上从上至下依次设有连通至内腔1011的进水口1013和连通至内腔1011的排水口1014。冷凝器102包括冷凝管1021、接液槽1022、连接柱1023和导流板1024，冷凝管1021一端为进水端，另一端为排水端，冷凝管1021外壁上设有径向伸出的环形翅片1025，环形翅片1025沿轴向间隔布置，多根冷凝管1021间隔且平行布置，接液槽1022设在冷凝管1021的正下方，并通过连接柱1023与冷凝管1021固接为一体，导流板1024焊固在相邻的冷凝管1021之间，从而将所有的冷凝管1021连接为一体，冷凝器102相对于水平面倾斜布置，以使冷凝管1021的进水端高度高于排水端，同时使接液槽1022的两端分别形成高端和低端。海水过滤装置103的进水端通过管路与海水水源连通，其排水端通过管路与冷凝管1021的进水端连通。管壳式换热器104上设有管程进水口1041、管程排水口1042、壳程进水口1043及壳程排水口1044，管程进水口1041通过管路与蒸发池101的排水口1014连通，管程排水口1042通过管道与外界连通，壳程进水口1043通过管路与冷凝管1021的排水端连通，壳程排水口1044通过管路与蒸发池101的进水口1013连通。淡水箱105上设有进水口，淡水箱105的进水口通过管路与接液槽1022的低端连通。阀门C112设在与海水过滤装置103的进水端相连接的管路上，水泵A106、流量计A108及阀门A110均设在蒸发池101的进水口1013与管壳式换热器104的壳程排水口1044之间的管路上，流量计B109及阀门B107均设在蒸发池101的排水口与管壳式换热器104的管程进水口之间的管路上，水泵B107设在管壳式换热器104的管程排水口1042连接的管路上。
太阳能集热组件包括换热管21、加热板22、太阳能集热器23、膨胀油箱24及油泵25。换热管21盘绕设置在加热板22底部，其一端为出油端，另一端为进油端，换热管21连同加热板22均设在蒸发池101内腔的底部，从而实现与蒸发池101内的海水换热。太阳能集热器23内设有导热油管道，导热油管道在太阳能集热器23外形成出油端和进油端，太阳能集热器23的出油端通过管路与换热管21的进油端连通，太阳能集热器23的进油端通过管路与换热管21的出油端连通。膨胀油箱24和油泵25均设在太阳能集热器23的出油端与换热管21的进油端之间的管路上。膨胀油箱24用于调节太阳能集热组件内部循环的导热油的总量，当光照不足时，太阳能集热组件内部循环的导热油总量应减少，当光照充足时，太阳能集热组件内部循环的导热油总量应比光照不足情况下太阳能集热组件内部循环的导热油总量要多。油泵25用于为太阳能集热组件内部的导热油循环提供动力。
优选，加热板22相对于水平面呈倾斜布置，倾斜角度为10～20°，加热板22为光滑且易于导热传热的平板，不易结垢且易于清洗。
优选，导流板1024朝向蒸发池101的一侧表面为凸弧面，当水蒸气撞向该凸弧面时，会顺着该凸弧面流向导流板1024两侧的冷凝管1021，从而与冷凝管1021的外壁及环形翅片1025充分接触、换热、降温而冷凝。
简述本实用新型的使用：
太阳能集热组件用于提供海水淡化所需的热量，海水淡化组件用于产出并收集水蒸气。
太阳能集热组件的工作过程是：启动太阳能集热器23和油泵25，使太阳能集热器23内部的导热油开始循环流动。太阳能集热器23吸收的热量通过导热油的循环被带到换热管21上，再传递到加热板22上，换热管21和加热板22作为蒸发池101内的热量来源，用于加热蒸发池101内的海水，使蒸发池101内的海水蒸发。
海水淡化组件的工作过程是：首先，为了保证蒸发池101内的盐分总量不会随着海水的加入而持续增加，应控制在单位时间内，从蒸发池101的排水口1014排出的海水所包含的盐分等于或大于从蒸发池101的进水口1013进入的海水所包含的盐分。同时，为了保证蒸发池内的海水量不会随着蒸发而持续减少，应控制在单位时间内，蒸发池101蒸发的水量和从蒸发池101的排水口1014排出的海水所包含的水量小于或等于从蒸发池101的进水口1013进入的海水所包含的水量。
启动水泵A106和水泵B107，打开流量计A108、流量计B109、阀门A110、阀门B111和阀门C112，外部的海水通过管路进入海水过滤装置103，过滤掉杂质后，从海水过滤装置103中排出，再通过管路进入冷凝器102的冷凝管1021内，海水在冷凝管1021内流动的时候，一方面，带走了冷凝管1021外壁上的高温水蒸气(来自蒸发池)的热量，有助于冷凝管1021外壁上的高温水蒸气冷凝，另一发面，吸收了高温水蒸气的热量，实现了第一次预热。
海水从冷凝器102的冷凝管1021排出后，通过管路进入管壳式换热器104的壳程腔体内，与管壳式换热器104的管程腔体内的高温海水(管程腔体内的高温海水来自于蒸发池101排水口1014排出的海水)进行换热，实现了第二次预热。海水从管壳式换热器104的壳程腔体排出后，通过管路进入蒸发池101内，再与换热管21和加热板22进行换热，从而进一步提升温度，实现水汽的蒸发。
蒸发池101内蒸发出来的气体是不含盐分的高温水蒸气(淡水)，水蒸气上升并撞向导流板1024的凸弧面时，会顺着该导流板1024的凸弧面流向导流板1024两侧的冷凝管1021，从而与冷凝管1021的外壁及环形翅片1025充分接触、换热、降温而冷凝，形成液态水滴，液态水滴下落在接液槽1022中，通过接液槽1022的低端排出，再通过管路被输送进入淡水箱105。
Claims (3)
1.基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，包括海水淡化组件和太阳能集热组件；
海水淡化组件包括蒸发池、冷凝器、海水过滤装置、管壳式换热器、淡水箱、水泵A、水泵B、流量计A、流量计B、阀门A、阀门B及阀门C；蒸发池内部设有容纳海水的内腔，蒸发池上端设有连通至内腔的敞口，蒸发池外壁上从上至下依次设有连通至内腔的进水口和连通至内腔的排水口；冷凝器包括冷凝管、接液槽、连接柱和导流板，冷凝管一端为进水端，另一端为排水端，冷凝管外壁上设有径向伸出的环形翅片，环形翅片沿轴向间隔布置，多根冷凝管间隔且平行布置，接液槽设在冷凝管的正下方，并通过连接柱与冷凝管固接为一体，导流板焊固在相邻的冷凝管之间，从而将所有的冷凝管连接为一体，冷凝器相对于水平面倾斜布置，以使冷凝管的进水端高度高于排水端，同时使接液槽的两端分别形成高端和低端；海水过滤装置的进水端通过管路与海水水源连通，其排水端通过管路与冷凝管的进水端连通；管壳式换热器上设有管程进水口、管程排水口、壳程进水口及壳程排水口，管程进水口通过管路与蒸发池的排水口连通，管程排水口通过管道与外界连通，壳程进水口通过管路与冷凝管的排水端连通，壳程排水口通过管路与蒸发池的进水口连通；淡水箱上设有进水口，淡水箱的进水口通过管路与接液槽的低端连通；阀门C设在与海水过滤装置的进水端相连接的管路上，水泵A、流量计A及阀门A均设在蒸发池的进水口与管壳式换热器的壳程排水口之间的管路上，流量计B及阀门B均设在蒸发池的排水口与管壳式换热器的管程进水口之间的管路上，水泵B设在管壳式换热器的管程排水口连接的管路上；
太阳能集热组件包括换热管、加热板、太阳能集热器、膨胀油箱及油泵；换热管盘绕设置在加热板底部，其一端为出油端，另一端为进油端，换热管连同加热板均设在蒸发池内腔的底部；太阳能集热器内设有导热油管道，导热油管道在太阳能集热器外形成出油端和进油端，太阳能集热器的出油端通过管路与换热管的进油端连通，太阳能集热器的进油端通过管路与换热管的出油端连通；膨胀油箱和油泵均设在太阳能集热器的出油端与换热管的进油端之间的管路上。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，其特征是：加热板相对于水平面呈倾斜布置，倾斜角度为10～20°。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的基于太阳能集热器的海水淡化装置，其特征是：导流板朝向蒸发池的一侧表面为凸弧面。
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