CN209656502U - A kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision, which includes to the preliminarily heated preheating section of fluid in pipeline, to the bringing-up section of fluid reheating, the visible segments for observing particulate matter, the feed zone for adding water and particulate matter to the cooling section of fluids within pipes cooling, the pressure-stabilizing section of regulating loop pressure and circuit in pipeline.The visible segments further include the visual window pedestal that outside is equipped with lead protection layer, open up adjacent through-holes thereon, form visual window after closing using transparent pressure-resistant material；The experimental provision can study the sedimentary movement situation of particulate contaminant in the mobility status and fluid of pipeline internal flow by way of visualization measurement, and observation is intuitive, can accurate and effective measurement related data, meet experiment demand and engineer application.

Description

A kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision

Technical field

The utility model belongs to energy field, field of environment protection and machinery equipment field including nuclear energy, is applicable in In high-temperature, high pressure fluids such as high-temperature water, supercritical water, ultra supercritical water, supercritical carbon dioxides, it is particularly suitable in reactor Supercritical water Study of Flow Characteristics and its middle fine grained sedimentary movement law study.

Background technique

Supercritical-Pressure Light Water Cooled Reactor (SCWR) be the 4th generation of technology such as nuclear energy system propose six kinds of heap-type in unique water cooled reator, it be The innovation design to grow up in existing water-cooled reactor technology and supercritical thermal power technical foundation.With the water cooled reator run at present It compares, it has the characteristics that, and system is simple, plant bulk is small, the thermal efficiency is high, economy and safety are more preferable.

Since water is under super critical condition, there is more harsh requirement to pipeline, involucrum and structural material, it is necessary to There are fabulous corrosion-and high-temp-resistant characteristic and intensity.Supercritical water can generate pipeline certain in the process that pipeline flows The corrosion of degree, and since the degree of purity of water itself is difficult to ensure, it eventually leads in fluid with fine particle impurity.And The presence of grain object has an important influence the safety of flow behavior and the equipment operation of supercritical water, when serious possibly even Generate major accident.Therefore for supercritical water reactor, supercritical water flow behavior in the duct and wherein is researched and analysed The movement deposition rule of grain object is for guaranteeing nuclear reactor safety important in inhibiting.

A large amount of research has been carried out to the flow behavior of supercritical water outside Current Domestic, and has generallyd use measurement stream Amount, temperature, pressure and other parameters are drifted about situation to study the flow in its conduct heat heat transfer characteristic and Natural Circulation.But to supercritical water In fine grained impurity research it is less, and be mostly simulation calculate research.

It is less by the way of experimental study at present, it is known to which that Xi'an Communications University's supercritical water heat-exchanger rig, Tsing-Hua University are big Learn supercritical water natural convection loop and Chinese Nuclear Power Design Academy binary channels supercritical water experimental bench etc., but experimental study Object is supercritical water, and is not possessed some special knowledge to the particulate matter in supercritical water, and its detection mode is not also using can Mode depending on changing measurement.

Therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of experimental provisions, and water can be directly observed in a manner of visualization measurement critical The mobility status in region obtains its flow behavior, while can also be directly observed the sedimentary movement feelings of fine grained impurity therein Condition analyzes its characteristics of motion.

Utility model content

To solve the above-mentioned problems, present inventor has performed sharp studies, as a result, it has been found that: by preheating section, bringing-up section, visual The supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision that section, cooling section, pressure-stabilizing section, feed zone are sequentially communicated by main pipeline, The deposition fortune of particulate contaminant in the mobility status and fluid of pipeline internal flow can be studied by way of visualization measurement Emotionally condition, observation is intuitive, can accurate and effective measurement related data, meet experiment demand and engineer application, so as to complete this Utility model.

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision, the device packets Include to the preliminarily heated preheating section of fluid in pipeline, to the bringing-up section of fluid reheating in pipeline, observation particulate matter it is visual Section, the feed zone for adding water and particulate matter to the cooling section of fluids within pipes cooling, the pressure-stabilizing section of regulating loop pressure and circuit；

The visible segments further include the visual window pedestal that outside is equipped with lead protection layer, and upper and lower side and return are detachable Contiguity, adjacent two sides are equipped with unthreaded hole on its vertical plane；

Adjacent through-holes are opened up on visual window pedestal, the window formed after the through-hole is closed using transparent pressure-resistant material Mouth is visual window；

It is the sapphire glass and quartz glass stacked close to fluid side in the visual window, is set far from fluid side It is equipped with pressing plate, is fixed the unthreaded hole of sapphire glass and quartz glass and visual window pedestal by the pressing plate.

Wherein, the preheating section is horizontally disposed, and bringing-up section is vertically arranged；

Preheating section and bringing-up section are set around pipeline periphery and are heated in a manner of electrically heated；

Segmentation is arranged in series thermocouple inside preheating section and bringing-up section, and outside is enclosed with thermal insulation material, and outermost layer is enclosed with Heat-insulation aluminium alloy.

Wherein, the visible segments include display, video camera, visual window, computer and ray generator；

Wherein, the feed zone includes the storage tank and water tank of feed pump and parallel connection, is provided in storage tank multiple The charging column of circuit particulate matter to be added is filled, the liquid in particulate matter and water tank to charge in column is entered by feed pump In circuit.

It is equipped on charging column with graduated transparent sight hole, charging column endoparticle object can be observed through the observation window Flow regime；

It is equipped with rotary blade in charging column, to prevent particulate matter from blocking feed pump.

Wherein, the pressure-stabilizing section includes that both ends are separately connected the booster pump of vacuum tank and nitrogen gas tank；Individually connect with booster pump The compressor connect；The vacuum tank being connect with pipeline loop；Vacuum tank is closed, by cooperating the pressure in regulating loop with nitrogen gas tank Power.

Wherein, the cooling section includes condenser, cooling water tank and feed pump；

The cooling water that feed pump extracts in cooling water tank, which is passed through in condenser, flows to it with fluids within pipes on the contrary, cooling Water with the fluid heat exchange in pipeline, flows out condenser and is back in cooling water tank within the condenser after cooling water heat absorption；

Preheating section is flow back into after fluid cooling in pipeline.

Preferably, increase in visible segments side and be provided with the duplexure of accumulator, with storage section supercritical fluid and Supplementary loop pressure.

According to supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision provided by the utility model and its observation method, have Below the utility model has the advantages that

(1) experimental provision provided by the utility model is applicable to the high-temperature, high pressure fluid including supercritical water, both Flow regime can be analyzed with the motion conditions of observational study fluid, also can measure the sedimentary movement feelings of particulate matter in Study of Fluid Condition obtains its research regulation.The it is proposed of the present apparatus can effectively solve the problem that the movement of supercritical water fluid is difficult to the problem of observing, for It improves overcritical water cooling reactor operation efficiency and safety is of great significance；

(2) experimental provision provided by the utility model can study pipeline internal flow by way of visualization measurement The sedimentary movement situation of particulate contaminant in mobility status and fluid, observation is intuitive, can accurate and effective measurement related data, Meet experiment demand and engineer application；

(3) experimental provision provided by the utility model can also replace return cross sectional shape according to requirement of experiment, can also The visible segments of multistage parallel connection are replaced with, with observation water in the mobility status of critical zone and the sedimentary movement feelings of fine grained impurity Condition obtains the flow behavior and the fine grain characteristics of motion of water.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision schematic diagram of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 2 shows a kind of visible segments instrumentation plans of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 3 shows a kind of visual window schematic cross-section of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 4 shows a kind of visual window schematic diagram of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 5 shows visual window pedestal schematic top plan view in Fig. 4；

Fig. 6 shows a kind of visible segments schematic cross-sectional view of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 7 shows a kind of schematic diagram of the visible segments parallel connection visual window of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 8 shows a kind of schematic top plan view of the storage tank of preferred embodiment；

Fig. 9 shows a kind of schematic diagram of the charging column of preferred embodiment.

Drawing reference numeral explanation:

12- flowmeter

2- preheating section

3- bringing-up section

41- display

42- video camera

43- visual window

44- computer

45- ray generator

46- visual window pedestal

461- unthreaded hole

462- pressing plate

463- accumulator

51- condenser

52- cooling water tank

53- feed pump

61- booster pump

62- valve

63- compressor

64- vacuum tank

65- nitrogen cylinder

71- feed pump

72- storage tank

73- water tank

74- charging column

75- impeller

Specific embodiment

It is described in detail below by the utility model, the characteristics of the utility model and advantage will be with these examples Property explanation and become more apparent from, be clear.

Dedicated word " exemplary " means " being used as example, embodiment or illustrative " herein.Here as " exemplary " Illustrated any embodiment should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.Although each of embodiment is shown in the attached drawings In terms of kind, but unless otherwise indicated, it is not necessary to attached drawing drawn to scale.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside", "front", "rear", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as " left side " and " right side " is based on the orientation or positional relationship under utility model works state, only It is the utility model and simplified description for ease of description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have spy Fixed orientation is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

The utility model described below.

The utility model provides a kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision, as shown in Figure 1, the device It is made of preheating section 2, bringing-up section 3, visible segments, cooling section, pressure-stabilizing section and feed zone, and is sequentially connected by pipeline.

In the present invention, the experimental provision is applicable in high-temperature water (300~400 DEG C), supercritical water, ultra supercritical The high-temperature, high pressure fluids such as water, supercritical carbon dioxide, the preferably described fluid are water, refer in particular to deionized water.This experimental provision is used The motion state of particulate matter in research Supercritical-Pressure Light Water Cooled Reactor.

Wherein, the preheating section 2 tentatively heats the fluid in pipeline, to promote fluid in experimental provision circuit Circulation.

It is heated in a manner of electrically heated it is preferred that the preheating section 2 is set around pipeline periphery, more preferably in the preheating 2 inside segmentation of section is arranged in series thermocouple, and internal circulation aggravation after fluid is heated, segmentally heating can make fluid heated more equal It is even.

It is enclosed with thermal insulation material outside the preheating section 2, insulation effect has preferably been wrapped up by foam；More preferably in preheating section 2 outermost layers are enclosed with heat-insulation aluminium alloy, to reduce heat loss.

In a preferred embodiment, the preheating section 2 is composed in series by three sections of thermocouples, axially aligned distribution And sealing is integrated, so that thermocouple is wrapped up pipeline.

Preferably, thermometer and pressure gauge are equipped with before preheating section 2, for observing inside the mobility status and pipeline of fluid Pressure condition.

In preheating section 2, thermocouple just can make thermocouple reach set temperature after energization a period of time, in the process, Fluid inside pipeline is still liquid condition and is progressively heated in the process, and entire experimental provision circuit does not recycle, still in stopping Stagnant state, until being heated to set temperature.

In order to realize the circulation of fluid in the loop in experimental provision, the preferably described preheating section 2 is horizontally disposed, since this is pre- The temperature of fluid is low in hot arc 2, and fluid density is big, is conducive to improve the density contrast with fluid in bringing-up section 3.

Wherein, the bringing-up section 3 further increases temperature for the fluid in reheating pipeline to make fluid gradually Reach supercriticality.

It is heated in a manner of electrically heated it is preferred that the bringing-up section 3 is set around pipeline periphery, more preferably in the heating 3 inside segmentation of section is arranged in series thermocouple, can make in bringing-up section 3 that there are the obvious temperature difference for fluid, to realize fluid in circuit In circulation.

Preferably, bringing-up section 3 is enclosed with thermal insulation material in outside, has preferably wrapped up heat preservation by foam as with preheating section 2 Effect；It more preferably is enclosed with heat-insulation aluminium alloy in 3 outermost layer of bringing-up section, to reduce heat loss.

In a preferred embodiment, the bringing-up section 3 is equally composed in series by three sections of thermocouples, axially aligned It is distributed and is integrated sealing, thermocouple is made to wrap up pipeline.

Preferably, it is equipped with thermometer and pressure gauge before and after bringing-up section 3, passes through stream of the observation fluid in bringing-up section 3 The emotionally pressure condition in condition and pipeline, the related experiment parameter of experimental provision easy to adjustment in time.

The bringing-up section 3 is preferably vertically arranged, the gas become after the fluid of liquid condition is heated in preheating section 2 and along pipe Road enters in bringing-up section 3, and since thermocouple is connected in bringing-up section 3,3 pairs of the bringing-up section gases for entering the active section, which continue heating, to be made Its volume sharply expands, and increases the density contrast of fluid in bringing-up section 3 and preheating section 2.Meanwhile horizontally disposed preheating section 2 Fluid also needs to overcome gravity when entering bringing-up section 3, further increases the close of fluid in the fluid and preheating section 2 in bringing-up section 3 It is poor to spend.

When the temperature of fluid in bringing-up section 3 reaches set temperature or enough, fluid in vertical bringing-up section 3 and pre- When the density contrast of fluid is enough to overcome the droop loss in entire circuit flow process in hot arc 2, fluid starts to follow in the loop Ring simultaneously reaches rapidly stable state.

Preferably, feed zone is arranged before preheating section, and the feed zone is used to that fluid (water) to be added into circuit and selects Fixed particulate matter, to observe the sedimentary movement that the particulate matter carries out in entire pipeline loop with fluid.

Wherein, the feed zone includes the storage tank 72 and water tank 73 of feed pump 71 and parallel connection.72 memory of storage tank The particulate matter of pipeline loop to be added is stored up, the clean fluid without particulate matter of storage, passes through storage tank 72 in water tank 73 Control particulate matter fluid enters in feed pump 71 respectively for unlatching and closure with 73 valve of water tank.Feed pump 71 is opened by valve The fluid that dynamic and closure control is mixed with particulate matter enters in pipeline loop, can close respective valve when being full of water in circuit Door, later, particulate matter carry out sedimentary movement with fluid in the loop.

In general, the particulate matter present in reactor cooling system is not soluble in water, in the supercritical state also still It is the state of particulate matter.Particulate matter in storage tank 72 is often being also insoluble solids, it is easy to deposit or float on Liquid level.

The tiny particles content of variety classes and size can be stored in the storage tank 72, can be can be opened and closed by setting Feed inlet or valve single or a variety of different particulate matters are added into storage tank 72.

Preferably, it is provided with charging column 74 in the storage tank 72, is filled to be added time in the charging column 74 The particulate matter on road；Multiple charging columns 74 are more preferably provided with, in order to fill the particulate matter of variety classes and partial size, such as Fig. 8 institute Show.

Preferably in the lower part setting feed inlet or valve of each charging column 74, in order to which particulate matter therein is discharged into storage In batch can 72, and enter in feed pump 71 along pipeline.

In order to guarantee particulate matter enter circuit dosage accurately and prevent particulate matter block feed pump 71, avoid occur particle Object can not add to the problem of pipeline, can be provided with impeller 75 in charging column 74, be in particulate matter in tank and be uniformly distributed State, by flowmeter control charging 74 endoparticle object of column additional amount, thus ensure that particulate matter be added accuracy.

In a preferred embodiment, it as shown in figure 9, being equipped with screw impeller in each charging column 74, is used for Stirring and the outflow for accelerating particulate matter.

Storage tank 72 can be disposable to be all added in this way, the particulate matter of set amount is added into charging column 74 In pipeline loop, the accuracy that particulate matter is added is also ensured.

In a preferred embodiment, the storage tank 72 can be in this way, be equipped with band on charging column 74 Graduated transparent sight hole, to observe the addition situation of particulate matter, according to the particulate matter of experiment demand addition specified amount；Together When, the state of charging 74 endoparticle object of column can be observed through the observation window.

To prevent particulate matter from blocking feed pump 71, the agitating paddle of middle setting stirs particle according to demand in charging column 74 Object.When the liquid with particulate matter being added into circuit, additional amount is determined according to scale.

It is preferred that after the opening of feed pump 71 to install pipes interior addition particulate matter when, can be from column 74 transparent sight hole of charging It is observed at scale and adds situation, if focusing particles blocking can not be added in circuit, opens the impeller 75 in charging column 74 Rotation, stirring flow out particulate matter normally.Transparent scale is equipped with more preferably on the charging column 74 of each particulate matter.

When the liquid for setting volume in the particulate matter and water tank 73 for setting dosage and type in storage tank 72 passes through charging After pump 71 enters circuit, feed pump 71 can be closed, particulate matter is made to carry out sedimentary movement with fluid in the loop.

In order to make the fluid in pipeline loop, water reaches stable supercriticality, also sets up in the experimental provision There is pressure-stabilizing section, with the pressure in adjustment/stabilization closed loop.

It is preferred that passing through the pressure in high pressure gas regulating loop.

In a preferred embodiment, the pressure-stabilizing section includes booster pump 61, compressor 63, vacuum tank 64 and nitrogen Tank 65, each component are connected by the pipeline with valve 62.

Wherein, 61 both ends of booster pump are separately connected vacuum tank 64 and nitrogen gas tank 65, and compressor 63 individually connects with booster pump 61 It connects, vacuum tank 64 is connect with pipeline loop.Vacuum tank 64 is closed, is connect by pressure stabilizing conduit with pipeline, cooperates with nitrogen gas tank 65 Adjust the pressure in closed loop.

When the pressure in circuit is lower than setting pressure, starts compressor 63, open nitrogen gas tank 65, booster pump 61 is by nitrogen Nitrogen in tank 65 is filled in vacuum tank 64, improves the pressure of vacuum tank 64, vacuum tank 64 and then increase to the pressure in circuit.

When the pressure in circuit is higher than setting pressure, start compressor 63, booster pump 61 reduces the negative suction of vacuum tank 64 The pressure of vacuum tank 64, the gas of sucking enter in nitrogen gas tank 65, to reduce the pressure in circuit.

The study found that cooling water is assigned in reactor heating and condition of high voltage inside the containment of Supercritical-Pressure Light Water Cooled Reactor Heat exchange occurs to supercriticality, but due to there is heating inhomogeneities and the cryogenic objects such as cooling water and equipment wall surface, Making entire fluid, there are hot arcs and cold section.Density contrast between cold and hot section is as driving pressure, it is likely that is pacifying supercritical water Natural Circulation occurs in full shell.

In order to realize the circulation of fluid in circuit, cooling section is preferably set after visible segments, will be flowed out from bringing-up section 2 Supercriticality fluid it is cooling, increase its density, preheating section 2 flow back into along pipeline by the gravity of fluid again In.

Therefore, the setting position of the cooling section is preferably higher than horizontal preheating section 2, in order to utilize fluid after cooling Gravity natural back flow is to preheating section 2, to realize Natural Circulation.

Wherein, the cooling section includes condenser 51, cooling water tank 52 and feed pump 53, and feed pump 53 extracts cold after being powered But it the cooling water in water tank 52 and is passed through in condenser 51, cooling water is overcritical in condenser 51 and in experimental provision pipeline Fluid carries out heat exchange, and the supercritical fluid in experimental provision pipeline is flow back into preheating section 2 after cooling along pipeline.It is cooling Water absorbs heating after heat, flows out condenser 51 and is back in cooling water tank 52 along pipeline.

It is preferred that the condenser 51 is fully cooled the fluid in experimental provision pipeline by the way of inversely cooling down；Also It is to say, the flow direction of cooling water is opposite in the flow direction and condenser of fluids within pipes.

More preferable cooling water is pressurizeed by feed pump 53 to be flowed into from 51 lower end of condenser, is sufficiently connect in condenser 51 with pipeline After touching is cooling, flowed out from 51 upper end of condenser, and flowed into cooling water tank 52 again.

It is highly preferred that flowmeter can also be arranged in cooling section, for example, being provided in 51 cooling water outlet and inlet of condenser Valve, and cooling water flow is measured with flowmeter.

Supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision provided by the utility model, fluid (water) and particulate matter are added And it is full of entire circuit, and it is gradually heated to set temperature by preheating section 2 and bringing-up section 3, it is cooling through cooling section after, it is so anti- Complex is recycled at stable.In the entire experiment process, internal pipe pressure is persistently adjusted by pressure-stabilizing section, stablizes circulation being formed Afterwards, it is observed and is detected by visible segments 4.

When the temperature and pressure of each active section is stablized, the fluid in experimental provision circuit progressivelyes reach supercritical state State, the particulate matter into circuit are moved as fluid flows.In order to guarantee the safety and pressure-and heat-resistance performance of pipeline, preferably make With the enough made of metal of intensity for pipeline, such as stainless steel.

It is preferred that visible segments are arranged before cooling section after bringing-up section 2, by the visible segments to particulate matter in circuit Motion state is observed.

In the present invention, the visible segments include display 41, video camera 42, visual window 43, computer 44 and penetrate Line generator 45.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in figure 3, the vertical pipeline position after bringing-up section 2 is especially vertical Two adjacent through-holes are offered on pipeline, and close the through-hole, formation see-through window, that is, visual using transparent pressure-resistant material Window 43.

The visual window 43 should be resistant to the temperature and pressure of supercritical water, and preferably visual window 43 selects quartzy glass Glass, sapphire, ruby or crystalline ceramics preparation.

In order to improve the airtightness of visual window 43 and pipeline, prevent fluid and pressure in pipeline from leaking, preferably by metal Gasket is placed between pipeline and visual window 43 and is fixed by fastening bolt, reaches air-tight state by improving fastening pressure.

The visual window 43 can be in this way, visual window 43 be sequentially overlapped by multi-layer transparent material forms, and is passed through Fixed device is fixed in the aperture of pipeline.

In a kind of preferred embodiment, as shown in figure 4, the visible segments include visual window pedestal 46 and visual window 43, the visual window pedestal 46 is in multi-face solid shape, upper and lower side and return contiguity, and adjacent two sides are set on its vertical plane There is unthreaded hole 461.

In a kind of preferred embodiment, visible segments upper and lower side and return are detachably connected, the visible segments It can be with integral demounting and replacement installation.

Further, as shown in figure 5, the adjacent two sides in visual window pedestal 46 are provided with visual window 43.It is preferred that two can Form 43 intersects vertically, and is more convenient for that observation device and observation experiment phenomenon is arranged.

Close fluid side is sapphire glass in the visual window 43, and quartz glass overlays on sapphire glass, As secondary protection.It is additionally provided with pressing plate 462 in the quartz glass side opposite with sapphire glass, is used for 43 He of visual window Visual window pedestal 46 is fixed.It is preferred that the unthreaded hole 461 of visual window 43 and visual window pedestal 46 is fixed.

Preferably, gasket seal is installed between pressing plate 462 and quartz glass, sapphire glass and observation window pedestal 46, And high-temperature seal adhesive is smeared, pressing plate is compressed by screw.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, being arranged in parallel multiple visual windows 43 in the visible segments, The sedimentary movement of different 43 endoparticle objects of visual window can be observed using different observation positions.

As needed, the visual window 43 of the parallel connection can also be tested using the pipeline of different cross section shape, such as Pipeline section is rectangular, narrow rectangle, circle etc., the sedimentary movement of particulate matter under observation different fluid state as much as possible.

It is highly preferred that after the piping foundation of visual window 43, experimental provision is returned in experimental provision provided by the utility model Pipeline in road also accordingly changes, to realize the research of particulate matter deposition rule under different fluid state.

Different thickness can be set in the observation window pedestal 46 as needed, increases the safety of visible segments, favorably Protective action is played in the detection device to visible segments.

In the experimental provision, in a preferred embodiment, weight is also installed in the outside of visual window pedestal 46 Metallic lead protective layer, the protective layer strengthen the structural strength of entire visible segments, so that visible segments container is able to bear and is no more than The supercritical pressure of 30MPa, to keep the integrality of entire experimental provision；Heavy metal lead protective layer can effectively be kept away simultaneously Exempt from radiation ray to be irradiated in external environment, also protects the personal safety of experimenter.

The heavy metal lead protective layer with a thickness of 2~5cm, preferably 3.5~4.5cm.

It in a preferred embodiment, can be in visual window 43 under to experimental provision circuit repeatedly heating condition Side increases the duplexure for being provided with accumulator 463, as shown in figure 4, the circuit can store part supercritical fluid, it is special It is not overcritical gas-vapor mix；The pressure capability of pipeline loop can be supplemented when leakage causes circuit pressure to decline when circuit, Appropriate release leaks caused pressure decline problem.

The accumulator 463 is the closed container with entrance and exit, and entrance and exit passes through pipeline and circuit respectively Connection.

In this way, accumulator 463 is full of water with pipeline loop, and is preheating in experiment starting and preheating heating period It is recycled therewith during heating, until being finally full of supercritical water.When pipeline loop because the problems such as revealing causes pressure to decline When, the pressure that the pressure in the short time in energy storage pool is higher than return can reenter back under pressure along pipeline Road improves pipeline loop pressure to a certain extent, and appropriate release reveals caused circuit pressure decline.

In the present invention, visible segments are easiest to leak, it is preferable that as shown in fig. 6, entrance passes through pipeline and visible segments Preceding pipeline connection, outlet is connect by pipeline with the subsequent pipeline of visible segments.In this way, when visible segments leakage, accumulator 463 In supercritical fluid main pipeline can be passed into again by lower pipeline, partially alleviate visible segments pressure decline.

In a preferred embodiment, machine security adjustment valve is installed at the top of visible segments.The machinery adjustment valve It is internally provided with mechanical adjustable spring shim, adjustable mechanical safety valve operating pressure is super in visible segments internal container pressure It crosses after mechanical valve setting pressure, machinery valve can automatically open, and the stabilization of supercritical pressure in container is maintained after pressure release.Institute It states

In a kind of preferred embodiment, machine security adjustment valve and electric press tune are installed at the top of visible segments Section valve can be operated using electric safe valve, when there was a mechanical failure for mechanical safety valve by opening or closing simultaneously Pressure relief valve control system pressure is stablized.

The machine security adjustment valve and electric press regulating valve can select the satisfaction usually used in the prior art super The regulating valve of critical pressure.

The visual window 43 can be set to various shape as needed, for the ease of observation, be preferably arranged to narrow rectangle.

The mobility status and the wherein sedimentary movement situation of particulate matter of fluid are observed through visual window 43 using observation device, It is preferred that best face visual window 43 is before ray generator 45 and video camera 42 to be respectively arranged to different visual windows 43 to improve Shoot area.

In visible segments 4, when fluid is started the cycle over to stable state is reached, using observation device through 43 convection current of visual window Body is observed and is detected.

The observation device includes display 41, video camera 42, computer 44 and ray generator 45.Wherein, described to take the photograph Camera 42 has high-resolution and extremely short time for exposure, needs to ask with satisfaction experiment, and the video camera, which can be selected, to be met in fact Any existing equipment of demand, such as pco.dimax HS4, pco.pixelfly usb and LaVision Imager etc. are tested, Particulate matter is continuously taken pictures/imaged through visual window 43 under the shooting speed of setting.Ray generator 45 launches light beam photograph The small particulate matter of bright partial size, in order to which video camera 42 is taken pictures；Preferably, the ray emitter 45 also has particle meter Number and/or the effect tested the speed.Computer 44 is data receiver and processing unit, is electrically connected with video camera 42 and ray generator 45 It can receive the detection data that video camera 42 and ray generator 45 transmit afterwards.44 electricity of display 41 and video camera 42 and computer Connection can show that video camera 42 is taken pictures the/data result that handles of camera picture and computer 44.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, ray generator 45 penetrates ray from side on visual window 43 Enter and be irradiated and count in pipeline, and result is sent to computer 44 and carries out data processing；Video camera 42 is from visual window 43 The upper other side is continuously taken pictures, and is sent obtained image in computer 44 and is carried out data processing.Display 41 shows number According to processing result.

It is highly preferred that it is preferred that ray generator 45 and video camera 42 penetrate visual window 43 and unthreaded hole 461, to visual window pedestal Particulate matter in 46 is irradiated, counts and takes pictures.

In the present invention, the observation device can be selected with display 41, video camera 42, computer 44 and be penetrated The integrated equipment of 45 multiple functions of line generator, for example, PIV (survey by Particle Image Velocimetry, particle picture Speed) equipment, PDA (Phase Doppler Anemometer, phase Doppler particle sizing instrument) equipment and ultrasonic detector Deng, it is preferred to use PIV equipment, the equipment can observe the sedimentary movement situation of particulate matter through visual window 43.

In visible segments, the shooting area of video camera 42 has an impact to data volume size, as needed, adjustable ray The shooting area of generator 45 and video camera 42.Ray generator 45 can illuminate whole measuring points in pipeline.

Preferably, using video camera 42 shoot and through computer 44 processing after, the speed of particle laterally and longitudinally can be obtained.

After changing shooting angle, the coordinate being arranged in computer 44 does not conform to the actual conditions conjunction, may result in respective transversal/ Longitudinal velocity changes, and can be needed to choose corresponding shooting angle according to experiment and set corresponding coordinate.

It in a preferred embodiment, in the speed of particulate matter is calculated by being displaced the quotient with the time, Video camera 42 is constantly taken pictures in fixed intervals, is obtained imaging results and is transmitted in computer 44, computer 44 is according to imaging As a result, tracking the motion profile of each particle, to obtain its relative displacement in all directions, finally it is divided by obtain with the time The motion conditions of each particle；The concentration that particulate matter in a certain moment return is calculated simultaneously also by imaging results, from And obtain the movement deposition of particulate matter.

In a preferred embodiment, it is tested in supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement provided by the utility model Multiple flowmeters 12 can also be set on the pipeline in device, for example, being set to before feed pump 71 and condenser 51.

In supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision provided by the utility model, necessary place can be according to need Single or multiple valves, flowmeter, thermometer or pressure gauge are set.

In another preferred embodiment, real in supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement provided by the utility model Force (forcing) pump can also be set on the pipeline in experiment device, for example, force (forcing) pump is arranged between preheating section 2 and pressure regulation section, tested Device starts force (forcing) pump before not reaching recurrent state, and the fluid in circuit is made to carry out forced circulation；When the fluid in pipeline reaches To after Natural Circulation state, stop force (forcing) pump.So that the experimental provision can be suitably used for following naturally for the supercritical water containing particulate matter Ring and forced circulation.

Since experimental provision provided by the utility model needs to be resistant to the temperature and pressure of supercritical water, preferably the device makes It is prepared with stainless steel, aluminium alloy or heat resisting steel etc..The thickness of metallic conduit is according to the requirement of engineer application according to the one of this field As knowledge be adjusted, in general, when experiment condition is harsher, duct thickness and intensity are bigger, overcritical, very to be resistant to To the experiment condition of ultra supercritical water.

In experimental provision provided by the utility model, particulate matter carries out sedimentary movement with fluid in the duct, utilizes detection Equipment directly measures its sedimentary movement situation through visual window, and experimental phenomena is intuitive, can accurately and efficiently measure phase Close data.

By experimental provision provided by the utility model, the flowing feelings of fluids within pipes are studied in a manner of visualization measurement The deposition of particulate matter in condition and fluid is analyzed sedimentary movement of the available particulate matter in supercritical water by data and is advised Rule, so that the device meets experiment demand and engineer application.

The utility model is additionally provided to be observed using above-mentioned supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision The method of grain object movement, the described method comprises the following steps:

Step 1 opens circuit valve, makes to start preheating section 2 and bringing-up section 3 in connected state inside closed circuit；

Step 2, starting cooling section；

Step 3, starting feed zone；

Step 4, fluid start pressure-stabilizing section full of behind entire circuit.

Step 5, observation experiment phenomenon acquire related data, after close general supply, and lay down the pressure of pressure-stabilizing section.

Further,

In step 2, respective valves and feed pump 53 are opened, makes cooling water full of condenser 51, after fluid recycles It is cooled down.

In step 3, the related valve of feed zone is opened, feed pump 71 is enabled, makes the water in storage tank 72 with particulate matter And the water in water tank 73 enters in circuit, and feed pump 71 is closed when fluid is full of entire circuit.

In step 4, respective valves, booster pump 61 and compressor 63, regulation pipe when fluid is increased by heated pressure are opened Pressure in road makes pressure meet demand and guarantees the safety of experimental provision.

In steps of 5, when fluid circulation to stable state, using visible segments visual window 43 to fluid carry out observation and Detection.Wherein, ray generator 45 injects ray in pipeline from 43 side of visual window, and video camera 42 is from 43 other side of visual window It is continuously taken pictures, the two, which will test data and be sent in computer 44, carries out data processing, shows data by display 41 Manage result.

It is deposited using the movement that experimental provision provided by the utility model can measure particulate matter by visualization method State is particularly suitable for supercritical water Study of Flow Characteristics and its middle fine grained sedimentary movement law study in reactor.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of supercritical water particle visualization measurement experimental provision, as shown in Figure 1, including successively being connected by stainless steel pipes Preheating section, bringing-up section, visible segments, cooling section, pressure-stabilizing section and the feed zone connect.Stainless steel pipes with a thickness of 3mm；Inside diameter For 4mm.

Preheating section is horizontally disposed, and the front is equipped with thermometer and pressure gauge, for observing the mobility status and pipeline of fluid Internal pressure condition；Preheating section uses electric heating, along axial three sections of thermocouple arranged distributions, and integrates sealing, thermocouple packet Wrap up in pipeline, outside insulation effect wrapped up by foam, and be enclosed with heat-insulation aluminium alloy in outermost layer, reduce heat loss.Often The power of section thermocouple is 200kw.

Bringing-up section is vertically arranged, and front and back is equipped with thermometer and pressure gauge, for observing in the mobility status and pipeline of fluid The pressure condition in portion；Its heating component is identical with preheating segment structure.

In visible segments, as shown in figure 4, visual window pedestal offers two adjacent visual windows, visual window is close to fluid Side is the 1cm sapphire glass and 0.5cm quartz glass stacked, and pressing plate is placed in outside, is fastened by bolts in visual window Pedestal.4cm lead protection layer is enclosed on the outside of visual window pedestal；Visual window Chuck top is provided with machine security adjustment valve and electronic Pressure-regulating valve, so that the pressure of visible segments is no more than 30MPa.

It is provided with two visual windows in parallel in visible segments, ray generator and video camera are respectively arranged at different visual Immediately ahead of window, the detection data of acquisition is transferred to computer and carries out data processing；Display is electrically connected with video camera and computer It connects, can show that video camera is taken pictures the/data result of camera picture and computer disposal.

Cooling section includes condenser, cooling water tank and feed pump, and feed pump extracts the cooling water in cooling water tank after being powered And be passed through in condenser, cooling water carries out heat exchange, experiment dress with the supercritical fluid in experimental provision pipeline within the condenser It sets after the supercritical fluid in pipeline cools and is flow back into preheating section along pipeline.

The pressure-stabilizing section includes booster pump, compressor, vacuum tank and nitrogen gas tank, and circuit pressure is adjusted in time, is made Circuit pressure is in the range of setting.

Feed zone includes the storage tank and water tank of feed pump and parallel connection.Storage has the liquid of particulate matter in storage tank Fluid, water tank is interior to store clean water, enters circuit by turning on into feed pump for valve, and by feed pump control In.

It is equipped with flowmeter, in experimental provision circuit to observe the flow of fluid in circuit.Experimental provision circuit can be with The pipeline for different cross section shape is set as needed.

When being observed using the experimental provision, starting preheating section and bringing-up section first is heated, and measures thermometer after bringing-up section Temperature be 250~350 DEG C；

The feed pump for starting cooling section, makes cooling water full of condenser, and fluid cools down it after recycling；

The feed pump for starting feed zone, enters the water in water and water tank in storage tank with particulate matter in circuit, when Stop charging when full of entire circuit；

The booster pump and compressor for starting pressure-stabilizing section adjust the pressure in pipeline, make to press when fluid is increased by heated pressure Power maintains 22~26MPa.

When overcritical aqueous vapor fluid-mixing is recycled to stable state, fluid is observed using the visual window of visible segments And detection.Wherein, ray generator injects ray in pipeline from visual window side, and video camera is connected from the visual window other side It is continuous to take pictures.The motion conditions of particulate matter are analyzed according to the data result of display.

Combine detailed description and exemplary example that the utility model is described in detail above, but these are said It is bright to be construed as a limitation of the present invention.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that without departing from the spirit of the present invention and In the case where range, a variety of equivalent substitution, modification or improvements can be carried out to technical solutions of the utility model and embodiments thereof, These each fall in the scope of the utility model.The protection scope of the utility model is determined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision, which is characterized in that the device includes to fluid in pipeline Preliminarily heated preheating section (2), to the bringing-up section (3) of fluid reheating in pipeline, the visible segments of observing particulate matter, to pipeline The cooling section of interior fluid temperature reduction, the pressure-stabilizing section of regulating loop pressure and circuit add the feed zone of water and particulate matter；

The visible segments further include the visual window pedestal (46) that outside is equipped with lead protection layer, and upper and lower side and return are detachable Contiguity, adjacent two sides are equipped with unthreaded hole (461) on its vertical plane；

Adjacent through-holes are opened up on visual window pedestal (46), the window formed after the through-hole is closed using transparent pressure-resistant material Mouth is visual window (43)；

It is the sapphire glass and quartz glass stacked close to fluid side in the visual window (43), is set far from fluid side Pressing plate (462) are equipped with, by the pressing plate (462) by the unthreaded hole of sapphire glass and quartz glass and visual window pedestal (46) (461) fixed.

2. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preheating Section (2) is horizontally disposed, and bringing-up section (3) is vertically arranged；

Preheating section (2) and bringing-up section (3) are set around pipeline periphery and are heated in a manner of electrically heated；

Segmentation is arranged in series thermocouple inside preheating section (2) and bringing-up section (3), and outside is enclosed with thermal insulation material, outermost layer package There is heat-insulation aluminium alloy.

3. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described visual Section includes display (41), video camera (42), visual window (43), computer (44) and ray generator (45).

4. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the charging Section includes the storage tank (72) and water tank (73) of feed pump (71) and parallel connection；

The charging column (74) of multiple filling circuit particulate matters to be added, in charging column (74) are provided in storage tank (72) Liquid in grain object and water tank (73) is entered in circuit by feed pump (71).

5. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in charging column (74) it is equipped with graduated transparent sight hole, the state of charging column (74) endoparticle object can be observed through the observation window.

6. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that

Rotary blade (75) are equipped in charging column (74), to prevent particulate matter from blocking feed pump (71).

7. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure stabilizing Section include,

Both ends are separately connected the booster pump (61) of vacuum tank (64) and nitrogen gas tank (65)；

The compressor (63) individually being connect with booster pump (61)；

The vacuum tank (64) being connect with pipeline loop；

Vacuum tank (64) is closed, by cooperating the pressure in regulating loop with nitrogen gas tank (65).

8. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

The cooling section includes condenser (51), cooling water tank (52) and feed pump (53)；

The cooling water that feed pump (53) extracts in cooling water tank (52), which is passed through in condenser (51), flows to it with fluids within pipes On the contrary, cooling water neutralizes the fluid heat exchange in pipeline in condenser (51), condenser (51) are flowed out after cooling water heat absorption and are returned It flow in cooling water tank (52)；

Preheating section (2) are flow back into after fluid cooling in pipeline.

9. supercritical water particulate matter visualization measurement experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that

Increase the duplexure for being provided with accumulator (463) in visible segments side, with storage section supercritical fluid and supplements back Road pressure.