CN209602101U - A kind of diamond recyclable device improving nitric acid utilization rate - Google Patents

A kind of diamond recyclable device improving nitric acid utilization rate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN209602101U
CN209602101U CN201821998116.9U CN201821998116U CN209602101U CN 209602101 U CN209602101 U CN 209602101U CN 201821998116 U CN201821998116 U CN 201821998116U CN 209602101 U CN209602101 U CN 209602101U
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China
Prior art keywords
pipeline
diamond
spray head
absorption tower
reacting kettle
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201821998116.9U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈文�
曾舟华
冉敬文
黄林勇
杨水彬
蒋小春
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Huanggang Normal University
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Huanggang Normal University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of diamond recyclable devices for improving nitric acid utilization rate.The device includes charging absorption tower, corrosion reacting kettle, cooling aeration tower, loading hopper, overflow launder and injector.Corrosion reacting kettle upper end, side wall and bottom sides pipeline are connected to absorption tower, and internal bottom pipe is connected to storage tank.Storage tank pipeline is connected to vacuum ejector, and vacuum ejector is placed in above loading hopper.Spill cavity is arranged in loading hopper side wall, and spill cavity lower end is provided with pipe outlet.Loading hopper pipeline is connected to the spray head I for being built in charging absorption tower upper end.Corrosion reacting kettle bottom pipe is connected to isopipe root, and overflow groove sidewall is provided with overflow port, and overflow port pipeline is connected to spray head II, is additionally provided with exhaust fan above spray head II.The utility model has the beneficial effects that controlling absorption and reaction speed using closed design automation, nitric acid utilization rate is improved;Nitrogen oxide zero-emission is realized using the joint of aerating system, the circulatory system and closed system.

Description

A kind of diamond recyclable device improving nitric acid utilization rate
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the recovery processing of the Chemical Manufacture three wastes, particularly with regard to a kind of gold for improving nitric acid utilization rate Hard rock recyclable device.
Background technique
Diamond is commonly called as " spark ", is the allotrope of carbon.Diamond is the crowd found on earth at present Most hard substance in more naturally occurring materials.Graphite can form diamond under high temperature and pressure.Diamond It is mainly used for production cutting drilling tool.China is diamond and diamond tool produces and uses big country, and annual consumption is a large amount of Diamond also generates a large amount of diamond waste product.Diamond tool be by binding metals such as copper, iron by diamond particles securely It is bonded to entirety of different shapes.Diamond recycling is usually to use the binding metals such as copper, iron in diamond tool waste product to contain nitre Sour acid liquid corrosion dissolves, and filters to obtain diamond particles.
Current technology generally uses strong drawing machine, and the reaction kettle for generating nitrogen oxide is made to be in the negative pressure of sucking excess air State, and the absorption tower that nitrogen oxide in kettle and air are sent into tens meters of height or multistage series winding is absorbed, still difficult meet the requirement of environmental protection. Current technology has aoxidizing what polluted by nitrogen environment, nitric acid utilization rate were low and absorption equipment is expensive etc..
Utility model content
In order to solve the above technical problems, for existing diamond recycling in nitrogen oxide exhaust-gas treatment there are the shortcomings that, this Utility model, which provides one kind, not only can be reduced nitrogen oxide tail gas pollution, but also can improve nitric acid utilization rate, moreover it is possible to reduce equipment cost Method, apparatus and application for diamond recycling.
The technical scheme that the utility model is provided is as follows:
It is a kind of improve nitric acid utilization rate diamond recyclable device, including charging absorption tower (20), corrosion reacting kettle (10), Cooling aeration tower (30), loading hopper (24), overflow launder (34) and injector (42).
Corrosion reacting kettle (10) the upper end connecting pipe VII (57), side wall connecting pipe IX (59), pipeline VII (57) Outlet end be connected to charging absorption tower (20) top, pipeline IX (59) be connected to charging absorption tower (20) side wall;Corrosion is anti- The bottom sidewall of kettle (10) is answered to be provided with pipeline VI (56), pipeline VI (56) is connected with charging absorption tower (20) bottom;Corrosion is anti- Answer the bottom of kettle (10) that the pipeline IV (54) with tapping valve (12) is set, pipeline IV (54) is connected with storage tank (41).
Storage tank (41) bottom sides are provided with liquid outlet, and liquid outlet is connected to vacuum ejector by pipeline III (53) (42), vacuum ejector (42) is placed in the top of loading hopper (24), and pump (40) are provided on pipeline III (53);
Spill cavity is arranged in loading hopper (24) side wall, and spill cavity connects the pipeline VIII (58) for being suspended from overflow launder (34);Charging Bucket (24) bottom is connected to spray head I (22) by pipeline V (55), and spray head I (22) is set to the inside of charging absorption tower (20) simultaneously It is placed in the top of (21) filler I;
Bottom in corrosion reacting kettle (10) is connected to overflow launder (34) bottom, overflow launder (34) side by pipeline I (51) Wall is provided with overflow port, and overflow port is connected to spray head II (32) by pipeline II (52), and spray head II (32) is set to cooling aeration tower (30) top, the top spray head II (32) are additionally provided with exhaust fan (33).
The vacuum ejector (42) is made of spheroid shape import and straight pipe type outlet, and import is gently connect with outlet, into Conical nozzle is arranged in mouth director's axis direction, and air hose (43) are arranged in short-axis direction.
Kettle cover is equipped at the top of the corrosion reacting kettle (10), lower part is provided with screen.Screen is for stacking diamond tool Waste material.
Blow-down pipe (23) with blow valve is set at the top of charging absorption tower (20), is internally provided with filler I (21).
Cooling aeration tower (30) upper and lower side is open design, and inside is filled with filler II (31).
The circulating path of device provided by the utility model:
Diamond tool waste material and nitric acid reaction generate nitrogen oxide, wherein mainly nitric oxide, into charging absorption tower 20, nitric acid and reactant salt liquid cyclic absorption are contained by cold oxygen saturation.Nitrogen oxide cyclic absorption carries out in closed system, to avoid Nitrogen oxide gas emptying, pollutes environment.
Diamond tool waste material and dilute nitric acid reaction, which generate, nitrogenizes nitrogen, the nitrogen oxide, mainly nitric oxide, and one Nitrogen oxide reacts in uphill process with dissolved oxygen in reaction solution, generates the nitric oxide saturation without dissolved oxygen of heat containing nitre Hydrochlorate reaction solution.Have little time the nitrogen oxide for reacting and absorbing, in corrosion reacting kettle 10 and charging absorption tower 20 above reaction solution Gather, reaction solution is pressed into overflow launder 34, through being then flowed into storage tank 41 on the spray to 31 surface filler II of spray head II 32 In, kinetic pump 40 extracts liquid in storage tank 41 out, enters injector 42 through pipeline III 53, mixes with air in injector 42 Loading hopper 24 is flowed into afterwards, then is sprayed through spray head I 22, and 21 surface the filler I trickling along charging 20 top of absorption tower is inhaled through filler The lower part for receiving tower 20 enters in corrosion reacting kettle 10.During kinetic pump 40 is run, liquid is successively through kinetic pump 40, spray Emitter 42, loading hopper 24, spray head I 22, charging absorption tower 20, corrosion reacting kettle 10, overflow launder 34, spray head II 32, cooling waterfall Gas tower 30 and storage tank 41 are circulated.
Air enters cooling waterfall gas tower 30 from bottom, after rising to tower top along 31 gap filler II, is taken out by exhaust fan 33 Out;In the air of rising and the liquid contact process of 31 surface filler II trickling, gas is heated, and liquid is cooled, in air Oxygen be dissolved into liquid;Injector 42 allows air to mix with liquid, and gas is heated, and liquid is further cooled, air In oxygen be also further dissolved into liquid, the nitric oxide in depleted liq, formed oxygen saturation solution.
The utility model uses following technical measures to realize the zero-emission of nitrogen oxide:
1. automatically controlling corrosion reaction speed
Current technology does not control reaction speed, and when the generation speed of nitrogen oxide is more than infiltration rate, nitrogen oxide is with regard to straight Emptying is connect, environmental pollution is caused.The utility model uses closed reaction kettle to control reaction speed.When the generation of nitrogen oxide Speed be more than infiltration rate when, nitrogen oxide is gathered in corrosion reacting kettle (10) ullage, decline liquid level, acid solution containing nitric acid and The contact area of diamond tool waste material is reduced, and nitrogen oxide is caused to generate speed decline;When the generation speed of nitrogen oxide is lower than suction Receive speed when, be gathered in corrosion reacting kettle (10) ullage nitrogen oxide volume reduce, increase liquid level, acid solution containing nitric acid and The contact area of diamond tool waste material increases, and causes nitrogen oxide to generate speed and increases.When absorbing stopping, the liquid level of reaction solution It can drop to the lower section of diamond tool waste material, the liquid-solid phase contact area of reaction solution and diamond tool waste material drops to zero, Reaction stops.It, will not by the control to nitrogen oxide generation speed so that the generation of nitrogen oxide and absorption automatic synchronization carry out Cause to escape because nitrogen oxide is excessive.
2. closed absorption system
After current technology mixes with air the nitrogen oxide of generation in the system of opening wide, absorbed with absorbing liquid.This is practical new Type technique is in closed system by the nitrogen oxide of generation cold oxygen containing nitric acid and its salting liquid cyclic absorption, i.e. nitric oxide Absorption carried out in the environment of pure zirconia nitrogen, avoid the mixing of nitrogen oxide and air, there is no inert gas nitrogen in air The problem of gas etc. carries nitrogen oxide emptying secretly, causes air pollution;Also there is no nitrogen oxide is dilute by inert nitrogen gas in air etc. It releases, reduces infiltration rate, the problem for causing absorption equipment expense huge.Exist simultaneously containing nitric oxide production nitric acid and salting liquid When carrying out being aerated cooling, due to nitric oxide production presence, certain promotion can be obtained to the infiltration rate of oxygen, accelerates gas-liquid Exchange velocity.The use of absorbing liquid is also avoided, there is no discharge of wastewater is absorbed, causes water pollution problem;Also there is no purchases Buy the expense of absorbing liquid.
Current technology and the utility model technique absorption features compare:
One, nitrogen oxide absorption features in prior art
The absorption features that current technology uses are as follows: nitric oxide is reacted with oxygen in air, is become nitrogen dioxide and is absorbed Liquid absorbs.
Three steps of the approach point: step 1, in reaction solution, metal surface and dust technology haptoreaction generate nitric oxide.Step Rapid 2, when beginning, in nitric oxide uphill process, reacted with reaction solution dissolved oxygen, bubble is gradually reduced disappearance;Dissolved oxygen has consumed Afterwards, nitric oxide gas is full floats on liquid level, mixes with air, reacts with oxygen, becomes mixed gas containing nitrogen dioxide and constantly draw Reaction kettle.Step 3, nitrogen dioxide is absorbed by liquid absorption.Step 3 speed is most slow, determines the speed of whole process.In step 3, Nitrogen dioxide generates nitrogen dioxide hydrate from gas phase main diffusion to solution-air phase interface in conjunction with water;Nitrogen dioxide hydrate Bump against from the way that solution-air phase interface is diffused into liquid phase main body, generates nitric acid and nitric oxide;Nitric acid continues to expand to liquid phase main body It dissipates, nitric oxide is polymerized to bubble floating, into gas phase.The absorption rate of this approach can be represented by the formula:
Mixed gas absorption approach rate=Gas-liquid interfacial area × absorption driving force/absorption resistance (1)
In formula 1, absorption driving force=gas phase main body nitrogen dioxide partial pressure-and the nitrogen dioxide of liquid concentration balance are divided.
For the above-mentioned approach that current technology uses since nitric oxide is first reacted with oxygen in gas phase, two or more gases are mixed Close, thus have the following problems: 1, mixed gas cannot react completely, there is the evolution of the tail gas of inert gas and excessive oxygen, ease Gas out can carry nitrogen oxide secretly and cause air pollution;2, nitrogen oxide by inert nitrogen gas in air etc. dilute, make diffusion away from From extension, diffusional resistance increases, and infiltration rate reduces, and needs to make up this defect by increasing the number of plates, increases cost of equipment.
Two, in the utility model technique nitrogen oxide absorption features
Utility model people observes nitric oxide in conjunction with oxygen in water in the experimentation of dust technology corrosion metal The phenomenon that.By the bottom of metal block investment dust technology, when beginning, it can be seen that the nitric oxide bubble that metal block surface generates, In During floating in conjunction with dissolved oxygen, bubble is gradually reduced, until disappearing.Reaction carries out a period of time, and dissolved oxygen depletion is complete Afterwards, not the phenomenon that just not observing bubble reduction, or even disappearing.If hydrogen peroxide is added in dust technology, the phenomenon that bubble collapse more Obviously.If the hydrogen peroxide concentration being added reaches 50% or more, entire reaction process does not all observe nitrogen oxide gas and emerges liquid level The phenomenon that.Based on this, utility model people unexpectedly opens another new absorption features, i.e., by nitric oxide production absorption Be completely disposed in enclosed environment and carry out, the approach can effectively Avoiding approach one defect, abbreviation pure zirconia nitrogen absorption features.
Three steps of pure zirconia nitrogen absorption features point: step 1, in reaction solution, metal surface and dust technology haptoreaction generate one Nitrogen oxide.Step 2, it when beginning, in nitric oxide uphill process, is reacted with reaction solution dissolved oxygen, bubble is gradually reduced disappearance;It is molten After solution oxygen has consumed, nitric oxide bubble is floated on reaction solution face, and the reaction solution rich in dissolved oxygen constantly entered absorbs.Step 3, the reaction solution for having consumed dissolved oxygen constantly draws reaction kettle aeration, becomes the reaction solution rich in dissolved oxygen and constantly sends reaction kettle back to. Above-mentioned steps 3 are most slow, determine the rate of this process.This approach absorption rate can be indicated with following formula:
Pure zirconia nitrogen absorption features rate=aeration area × oxygen dissolution motive force/oxygen dissolution resistance (2)
In formula 2, oxygen dissolution motive force=dense with saturated concentration-liquid phase main body oxygen of the Oxygen in Liquid of partial pressure of gaseous oxygen balance Degree.
Characteristic of the nitric oxide in conjunction with oxygen in water is reduced to " concentration of liquid phase main body oxygen " close to zero, and then makes " dissolution motive force " greatly increases, and finally accelerates liquid phase absorbent body rate.
Thus use pure zirconia nitrogen absorption features method so that it is nitric oxide production absorption completely in a closed environment into The problem of row, there is no the case where inert gas generation resistance, also there is no gas entrainments when gas molecule diffusion.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that
1. generating nitric oxide speed and nitric oxide using the reaction kettle of closed design to automatically control corrosion reaction Infiltration rate is consistent, and absorbed nitric oxide is all converted to nitric acid, improves the utilization rate of nitric acid material;
2. the absorption of nitrogen oxide is directly being closed using the joint of aerating system, the circulatory system and closed system It is completed in environment, without exhaust emissions, efficiently avoids the entrainment pollution of inert gas:
3. aerating system increases aeration and dissolved oxygen efficiency using cooling aeration tower and vacuum ejector joint aeration;
4. the utility model replaces water or lye to make absorbent with cold oxygen-containing reaction solution, and using the side of cyclic absorption Formula had both avoided acidity caused by water or lye absorbing nitrogen oxide or salt discharge of wastewater, also avoided the expense of purchase water or alkali With;
5. effective control of corrosion reaction speed avoids throwing huge fund and establishes absorption equipment to meet the processing of reaction peak period The needs of nitrogen oxide, to reduce equipment cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of diamond recyclable device for improving nitric acid utilization rate;
Appended drawing reference: 10- corrosion reacting kettle, 11- diamond tool waste material, 12- tapping valve, 20- charging absorption tower, 21- Filler I, 22- spray head I, 23- blow-down pipe, 24- loading hopper, the cooling aeration tower of 30-, 31- filler II, 32- spray head II, 33- air draft Fan, 34- overflow launder, 40- kinetic pump, 41- storage tank, 42- vacuum ejector, 43- air hose, 51- pipeline I, 52- pipeline II, 53- pipeline III, 54- pipeline VI, 55- pipeline V, 56- pipeline VI, 57- pipeline VII, 58- pipeline VIII, 59- pipeline IX.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is illustrated combined with specific embodiments below, the content of the utility model is completely without being limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the provided device of the utility model.A kind of diamond recycling dress improving nitric acid utilization rate It sets, including charging absorption tower 20, corrosion reacting kettle 10, cooling aeration tower 30, loading hopper 24, overflow launder 34 and injector 42.
Corrosion reacting kettle 10 is closed structure, and top is equipped with kettle cover, and lower part is provided with screen, and screen is for stacking diamond Tool waste material 11.Corrosion reacting kettle 10 upper end connecting pipe VII 57, side wall connecting pipe IX 59, the outlet of pipeline VII 57 End is connected to charging 20 top of absorption tower, and pipeline IX 59 is connected to the side wall on charging absorption tower 20.The bottom of corrosion reacting kettle 10 Side wall is provided with pipeline VI 56, and pipeline VI 56 is connected with charging 20 bottom of absorption tower.Setting band is put at the top of charging absorption tower 20 The blow-down pipe 23 of empty valve, is internally provided with filler I 21.The pipeline IV with tapping valve 12 is arranged in the bottom of corrosion reacting kettle 10 54, pipeline IV 54 is connected with storage tank 41.
41 bottom sides of storage tank are provided with liquid outlet, and liquid outlet is connected to vacuum ejector 42 by pipeline III 53, very Empty injector 42 is placed in the top of loading hopper 24, and pump 40 is provided on pipeline III 53.Vacuum ejector 42 is by spheroid shape import It exports and forms with straight pipe type, import is gently connect with outlet, and conical nozzle is arranged in entrance long axis direction, and short-axis direction setting is empty Tracheae 43.42 entrance of vacuum ejector is the outlet that spheroid shape is gradually transitions supervisor, and entrance is provided with diameter and gradually receives Air hose 43 is arranged in narrow inlet tube, inlet tube upper end.Vacuum ejector 42 is for being further aerated.
Spill cavity is arranged in 24 side wall of loading hopper, and spill cavity connects the pipeline VIII 58 for being suspended from overflow launder 34.24 bottom of loading hopper Portion is connected to spray head I 22 by pipeline V 55, and the inside that spray head I 22 is set to charging absorption tower 20 is placed in filler I's 21 Top.
10 bottom of corrosion reacting kettle is connected to 34 bottom of overflow launder by pipeline I 51, and 34 side wall of overflow launder is provided with overflow Mouthful, overflow port is connected to spray head II 32 by pipeline II 52, and spray head II 32 is set to cooling 30 top of aeration tower, spray head II 32 tops are additionally provided with exhaust fan 33.Cooling 30 upper and lower side of aeration tower is open design, and inside is filled with filler II 31.
Application Example 1
Step 1: first 9 ton of 33% nitric acid is added in storage tank 41, after corrosion reacting kettle is added in 1 ton of diamond tool waste material In 10, then kettle cover is covered, open the blow valve on blow-down pipe 23, closes tapping valve 12;
Step 2: starting pump 40 and exhaust fan 33;
Step 3: liquid is full of reaction kettle 10 and charging absorption tower 20, after displacing air, closes putting on blow-down pipe 23 Empty valve;
Step 4: at the end of corrosion reaction, pump 40 and exhaust fan 33 are first closed, it is rear to open tapping valve 12, liquid is discharged, Kettle cover is finally opened, diamond particles are taken out.
During entire reaction, the evolution of red gas is not observed, shows to carry out reaction non-oxidation using the present apparatus The evolution of nitrogen.
Application Example 2
Step 1: be first added in storage tank 41 by 3 ton of 33% nitric acid and with 6 ton of 30% hydrochloric acid, after 1 ton of diamond tool is given up Material is added in corrosion reacting kettle 10, opens the blow valve on blow-down pipe 23, closes tapping valve 12;
Step 2: starting pump 40 and exhaust fan 33;
Step 3: liquid is full of reaction kettle 10 and charging absorption tower 20, after displacing air, closes putting on blow-down pipe 23 Empty valve;
Step 4: at the end of corrosion reaction, pump 40 and exhaust fan 33 are first closed, it is rear to open tapping valve 12, liquid is discharged, Kettle cover is finally opened, diamond particles are taken out.
During entire reaction, the evolution of red gas is not observed, shows to carry out reaction non-oxidation using the present apparatus The evolution of nitrogen.
Application Example 3
Step 1: be first added in storage tank 41 by 4.5 ton of 33% nitric acid and with 4.5 ton of 30% hydrochloric acid, after by 1 ton of Buddha's warrior attendant lapicide Have waste material to be added in corrosion reacting kettle 10, open the blow valve on blow-down pipe 23, closes tapping valve 12;
Step 2: starting pump 40 and exhaust fan 33;
Step 3: liquid is full of reaction kettle 10 and charging absorption tower 20, after displacing air, closes putting on blow-down pipe 23 Empty valve;
Step 4: at the end of corrosion reaction, pump 40 and exhaust fan 33 are first closed, it is rear to open tapping valve 12, liquid is discharged, Kettle cover is finally opened, diamond particles are taken out.
During entire reaction, the evolution of red gas is not observed, shows to carry out reaction non-oxidation using the present apparatus The evolution of nitrogen.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it is noted that for the common skill of the art For art personnel, without deviating from the technical principle of the utility model, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change It also should be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model into modification.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of diamond recyclable device for improving nitric acid utilization rate, it is characterised in that:
Including charging absorption tower (20), corrosion reacting kettle (10), cooling aeration tower (30), loading hopper (24), overflow launder (34) and Injector (42);
Corrosion reacting kettle (10) the upper end connecting pipe VII (57), side wall connecting pipe IX's (59), pipeline VII (57) goes out Mouth end is connected to charging absorption tower (20) top, and pipeline IX (59) is connected to the side wall of charging absorption tower (20);Corrosion reacting kettle (10) bottom sidewall is provided with pipeline VI (56), and pipeline VI (56) is connected with charging absorption tower (20) bottom;Corrosion reacting kettle (10) the pipeline IV (54) with tapping valve (12) is arranged in bottom, and pipeline IV (54) is connected with storage tank (41);
Storage tank (41) bottom sides are provided with liquid outlet, and liquid outlet is connected to vacuum ejector (42) by pipeline III (53), very Empty injector (42) is placed in the top of loading hopper (24), and pump (40) are provided on pipeline III (53);
Spill cavity is arranged in loading hopper (24) side wall, and spill cavity connects the pipeline VIII (58) for being suspended from overflow launder (34);Loading hopper (24) bottom is connected to spray head I (22) by pipeline V (55), and spray head I (22) is set to the inside juxtaposition of charging absorption tower (20) In the top of (21) filler I;
Bottom in corrosion reacting kettle (10) is connected to overflow launder (34) bottom by pipeline I (51), and overflow launder (34) side wall is opened There is overflow port, overflow port is connected to spray head II (32) by pipeline II (52), and spray head II (32) is set to cooling aeration tower (30) Top, the top spray head II (32) are additionally provided with exhaust fan (33).
2. diamond recyclable device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vacuum ejector (42) is by spheroid shape Import and straight pipe type outlet composition, import are gently connect with outlet, and conical nozzle is arranged in entrance long axis direction, and short-axis direction is set Empty tracheae (43).
3. diamond recyclable device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be equipped at the top of the corrosion reacting kettle (10) Kettle cover, lower part are provided with screen.
4. diamond recyclable device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: setting at the top of the charging absorption tower (20) Blow-down pipe (23) with blow valve, is internally provided with filler I (21).
5. diamond recyclable device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: cooling aeration tower (30) upper and lower side is spacious Mouth design, inside are filled with filler II (31).
CN201821998116.9U 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 A kind of diamond recyclable device improving nitric acid utilization rate Expired - Fee Related CN209602101U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109279602A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-01-29 黄冈师范学院 A kind of diamond recovery method, device and application improving nitric acid utilization rate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109279602A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-01-29 黄冈师范学院 A kind of diamond recovery method, device and application improving nitric acid utilization rate

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