CN209559657U - Sedimentation Column Tester Combined with Lateral Pressure and Vacuum Preload - Google Patents

Abstract

A sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading, the pore water pressure sensor combination, booster filter tube and drainage plate in the model cylinder are all fixed on the bracket; the pore water pressure sensor is connected to the data through the first wire respectively The collecting instrument is connected, the inner cavity of the soft membrane is connected with the booster filter tube through the ventilation hole, the outer end of the booster filter tube is connected with the booster pump through the booster pipe; The gas separation bottle is connected with the vacuum pump; the upper surface of the blowing soil in the model cylinder is laid with geotextiles, the geotextiles are laid with geomembrane, and the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder is buckled with an annular top for pressing the geomembrane downwards. Cover; the LVDT displacement sensor is fixed on the top part of the geomembrane exposed above the annular top cover through the fixing part, and the LVDT displacement sensor is connected with the data acquisition instrument. Based on the tester of the utility model, the condition of the plastered soil under the action of different lateral pressures and vacuum preloading can be observed intuitively.

Description

Sedimentation Column Tester Combined with Lateral Pressure and Vacuum Preload

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a settling column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading.

Background technique

With the advancement of urbanization and the rapid economic development, a large number of land reclamation projects have been carried out in the coastal areas of my country, which has alleviated the problem of land resources in coastal areas to a certain extent. At the same time, due to the lack of soil and sandstone resources in coastal areas, most of the seabed silt is blown into the tidal flat cofferdam to form a silt-filled soft soil foundation. The dredging silt has the remarkable characteristics of high water content, high compressibility and low permeability, and the soil particles are basically in a suspended flow state, so it is extremely difficult to construct on the surface of the formed soft soil foundation.

At present, the vacuum pre-compression method is used for the reinforcement of dredging and filling mud foundations. Vertical drainage plates or sand wells are built in the foundation, and a certain vacuum pressure is applied to the soil through the drainage plates and sand wells. Using the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the soil, the pore water in the soft soil foundation is gradually discharged, which accelerates the soil consolidation rate and improves the strength of the foundation soil. Finally, the reinforced soft soil foundation can meet the strength of the superstructure load and at the same time. It can reduce the uneven settlement of the foundation.

In recent years, the vacuum preloading combined with the piling preloading method has been widely used in the treatment of various soft soil foundations, and good engineering results have been achieved. Some theoretical studies have shown that the combination of vacuum preloading and lateral pressure also has the effect of accelerating the consolidation of soft soil foundations. However, there are currently few engineering tests using vacuum preloading combined with lateral pressure, resulting in no standard that can be used to guide how lateral pressure combined with vacuum preloading should be planned. Therefore, the effect of lateral pressure combined with vacuum preloading on consolidation at different lateral pressures and loading time periods can be studied economically and reasonably in practical engineering.

At present, there is no settling column tester that combines vacuum preloading and lateral pressure comprehensively using pore water pressure distribution and surface settlement measurement.

Utility model content

In order to solve the disadvantage that the vacuum preloading and lateral pressure combined sedimentation column tester that comprehensively utilizes pore water pressure distribution and surface settlement measurement can not be used in the existing market, the utility model provides a lateral pressure and vacuum preloading. Combined sedimentation column tester.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is:

The embodiment of the present application provides a sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading. The tester includes a model cylinder, a bracket is fixed in the model cylinder, and pore water is also arranged in the model cylinder. a pressure sensor combination, a booster filter tube and a drain plate, and the pore water pressure sensor combination, the booster filter tube and the drainage plate are all fixedly arranged on the support;

The pore water pressure sensor combination includes several pore water pressure sensor layers arranged at intervals up and down along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder, and the pore water pressure sensor layers include pore water pressure sensor layers arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the model cylinder. A plurality of pore water pressure sensor rings, each of the pore water pressure sensor rings includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors arranged in a circle around the central axis of the model cylinder;

The pore water pressure sensors are all fixed on the support, and the pore water pressure sensors are respectively connected with a data acquisition instrument through a first wire; the data acquisition instrument is located outside the model cylinder, and the first wire airtightly penetrates through the cylinder wall of the model cylinder; the pore water pressure sensor transmits the collected pore water pressure data to the data acquisition instrument through the first wire;

The pressurized filter tube is arranged on one side of the model cylinder, and the outer fixed cover of the pressurized filter tube is provided with a volume-variable soft film, the soft film has an air-tight inner cavity, the The pressurized filter tube is provided with several ventilation holes, and the inner cavity of the soft membrane is communicated with the pressurized filter tube through the ventilation holes; the inner end of the pressurized filter tube is located in the model cylinder , the outer end of the booster filter tube is communicated with a booster pump through a booster pipeline, the booster pump is located outside the model cylinder, and the booster pipeline airtightly penetrates the cylinder wall of the model cylinder;

The drainage plate is arranged in the middle of the model cylinder along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder; the water outlet at the bottom end of the drainage plate is sequentially connected with the water-gas separation bottle and the vacuum pump through the drainage pipe; the water-gas separation The bottle is provided with a vacuum gauge, and the water-gas separation bottle and the vacuum pump are both located outside the model cylinder, and the drain pipe airtightly penetrates the cylinder wall of the model cylinder;

The model cylinder is filled with blowing soil, the upper surface of the blowing soil is covered with a geotextile, the geotextile is covered with a geomembrane, and the geotextile is attached to the upper surface of the blowing soil The geomembrane and the geotextile fit together, and the geomembrane and the geotextile completely cover the upper surface of the blown soil; the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder is buckled for downward pressure Tighten the annular top cover of the geomembrane;

The experimental apparatus further includes a plurality of LVDT displacement sensors arranged at intervals for collecting the settlement amount data of the fill soil, and the LVDT displacement sensors are fixed on the geomembrane and exposed to the annular roof part through the fixing part. The measuring end of the bottom end of the LVDT displacement sensor is in vertical contact with the upper surface of the geomembrane, and the LVDT displacement sensor is respectively connected with the data acquisition instrument through the second wire, so as to collect the collected settlement amount Data is fed to the data collector.

Further, a rubber plug hole for the first wire, the pressurization pipe or the drain pipe to pass through is respectively opened on the cylinder wall of the model cylinder, and the rubber plug hole is connected with the first wire, A rubber plug for sealing is provided between the pressurizing pipe or the drain pipe.

Further, the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder is provided with a pressing device that can press down the annular top cover, and the pressing device includes a first bolt hole provided on the annular top cover and a The second bolt hole on the barrel mouth of the model barrel, and the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole are aligned up and down and pass through; the bolt penetrates the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole and connects all the The annular top cover is screwed on the barrel mouth of the model barrel.

Further, the outer end of the pressurized filter pipe is in close communication with the pressurized pipe through a first connection head, and the water outlet at the bottom end of the drainage plate is in close communication with the drainage pipe through a second connection head.

Further, the bottom end of the bracket is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the model cylinder, and the top end of the bracket extends vertically upward.

Further, the pressurized filter tube is vertically arranged along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder.

Further, the fixing part comprises a magnetic watch seat vertically arranged on the mouth of the model cylinder, and the magnetic watch seat is vertically connected with a fixing rod extending into the model tube along the radial direction of the model tube, The fixed end of the fixed rod is fixed on the magnetic watch base, and the free end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected to the housing of the LVDT displacement sensor through magnetic attraction.

Further, the water-gas separation bottle is provided with a scale for measuring the amount of water.

The test method of the sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading described in this embodiment includes the following steps:

Step 1: Turn on the pore water pressure sensor, the LVDT displacement sensor and the data acquisition instrument, and set the data acquisition frequency of the pore water pressure sensor and the LVDT displacement sensor; the pore water pressure sensor collects data The pore water pressure data in the backfill is sent to the data acquisition instrument, and the LVDT displacement sensor collects the settlement data of the backfill 1 and sends it to the data acquisition instrument;

Step 2, turn on the vacuum pump to carry out vacuum preloading, when the reading of the pore water pressure sensor of the pore water pressure sensor ring closest to the wall of the model cylinder is less than 5kPa within 12 hours, start the increase pressure pump;

Observe the reading of the pressure gauge, when the reading of the pressure gauge reaches the preset test pressure, close the booster pump;

Step 3, when at least one of the following conditions is met, turn off the vacuum pump and the data acquisition instrument:

Condition 1: When the numerical change of the sedimentation data within 12 hours is less than 0.2mm;

Condition 2: When the numerical change of the water output in the water vapor separation bottle 13 within 12 hours is less than 50g;

Step 4: Loosen the bolts of the pressing device, remove the annular top cover, use a drilling rig to drill out soil samples at different depths of the model cylinder, and test the compactness, moisture content and shear resistance of each sample in turn strength, where,

The test method of described compactness is: use the ring knife that volume is V to dig out the sample of mass m, then the size of described compactness is

The test method for the moisture content is as follows: weigh the mass of the sample as m, then put the sample into a drying oven to fully dry, and weigh the sample as n, then the smaller the moisture content is. for

The method for testing the shear strength is as follows: insert a cross-plate shearing instrument into the fill soil at different depths and rotate, and measure the shearing strength through the cross-plate shearing instrument.

The beneficial effects of the present utility model are embodied in:

1. Based on the experimental instrument of the present utility model, the condition of the filling soil under different lateral pressures and vacuum preloading can be observed intuitively, and accurate data can also be obtained through the data acquisition instrument for further research.

2. The experimental instrument of the utility model can simulate the influence of vacuum preloading on soil settlement and pore water pressure changes under different lateral pressure conditions by changing the lateral pressure and other conditions.

3. The test method of the present invention is easy to use, the lateral pressurization will not cause waste and pollution, and the data acquisition system can automatically record data, reduce the manpower required for the test, and reduce the error caused by manual reading.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present utility model in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a mold drum in one embodiment.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the patent of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "lower", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, It is constructed and operated in a particular orientation and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," as they appear, are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, or a It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, this embodiment provides a settling column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading. The tester includes a model cylinder 4, and a bracket 5 is fixed in the model cylinder 4. The model cylinder 4 is also provided with a pore water pressure sensor combination, a booster filter tube 3 and a drainage plate 2, and the pore water pressure sensor combination, the booster filter tube 3 and the drainage plate 2 are all fixed on the bracket. 5 on;

Specifically, the bracket is a steel frame, and the bottom end of the bracket is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the model cylinder 4 .

Specifically, the model bucket 4 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder with an open top, and the model bucket 4 has a diameter of 0.5m and a height of 0.6m.

The pore water pressure sensor combination includes several pore water pressure sensor layers arranged at intervals up and down along the central axis of the model cylinder 4 , and the pore water pressure sensor layers include radial intervals along the model cylinder 4 . A plurality of pore water pressure sensor rings are provided, each of the pore water pressure sensor rings includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors 6 arranged in a circle around the central axis of the model cylinder 4 at intervals;

Specifically, the distance between the two pore water pressure sensors 6 adjacent up and down along the central axis of the model cylinder 4 is 20 cm, and the distance between the two pore water pressure sensors 6 adjacent to the left and right along the radial direction of the model cylinder 4 is 20 cm. The spacing is 10cm.

The pore water pressure sensors 6 are all fixed on the support 5, and the pore water pressure sensors 6 are respectively connected with the data acquisition instrument 16 through the first wire 7; the data acquisition instrument 1 is located outside the model cylinder 4 , and the first wire 7 air-tightly penetrates the cylinder wall of the model cylinder 4; the pore water pressure sensor 6 transmits the collected pore water pressure data to the data acquisition instrument 16 through the first wire 7 ;

Specifically, the pore water pressure sensor 6 can collect pore water pressure data at its location.

The pressurized filter tube 3 is arranged on one side of the model cylinder 4, and the outer fixed cover of the pressurized filter tube 3 is provided with a volume-variable soft film, and the soft film has an airtight inner cavity. , the pressurized filter tube 3 is provided with a number of ventilation holes, and the inner cavity of the soft membrane is communicated with the pressurized filter tube 3 through the ventilation holes; the inner end of the pressurized filter tube 3 Located in the model cylinder 4, the outer end of the booster filter tube 3 is communicated with the booster pump 11 through the booster pipe 9, the booster pump 11 is located outside the model cylinder 4, and the booster The pipeline 9 airtightly penetrates the cylinder wall of the model cylinder 4;

Specifically, the length of the pressurized filter tube 3 is 40 cm and the diameter of the tube is 2 cm; and the ventilation holes are evenly arranged on the pressurized filter tube 3 .

Specifically, the booster pump 11 inflates the soft film through the booster pipe 9 and the booster filter tube 3, and the soft film will squeeze the blower in the model cylinder 4 when the volume becomes larger. Fill soil 1 to pressurize the blowing soil 1 .

Specifically, the soft body membrane can be used as a balloon.

Specifically, the pressurizing pipe 9 is a PVC pipe.

The drain plate 2 is arranged in the middle of the model cylinder 4 along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder 4; The water-gas separation bottle 13 is provided with a vacuum gauge, and the water-gas separation bottle 13 and the vacuum pump 15 are both located outside the model cylinder 4, and the drain pipe 12 airtightly penetrates through the model cylinder 4. cylinder wall;

Specifically, the drainage plate 2 is a plastic drainage plate, the drainage plate 2 is 40 cm long and 98-102 cm wide, and the interval between the drainage plate 2 and the booster filter tube 3 is 20 cm.

Specifically, the drain pipe 12 is a steel wire hose.

Specifically, the water content of the filling soil 1 in the model cylinder 4 will be discharged through the drainage plate 2 and the drainage pipe 12 .

The model cylinder 4 is filled with blowing soil 1, and a geotextile 17 is laid on the upper surface of the blowing soil 1, and a geomembrane 18 is laid on the geotextile 17. The upper surface of the backfill 1 is attached, the geomembrane 18 is attached to the geotextile 17, and the geomembrane 18 and the geotextile 17 completely cover the upper surface of the blowing soil 18; An annular top cover 19 for pressing down the geomembrane 18 is buckled on the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder 4;

Specifically, the gap between the inner wall of the model cylinder 4, the bracket, the pore water pressure sensor combination, the pressurized filter tube 3 and the drainage plate 2 are all filled with the filling soil 18, and The distance between the upper surface of the filling soil 18 and the opening of the model cylinder 4 is 5 cm.

Specifically, the annular top cover 19 is fastened on the cylinder opening of the model cylinder 4 , and the geomembrane 18 and the geotextile 17 are pressed against the upper surface of the filling soil 1 . The middle of the annular top cover 19 is penetrated to expose the middle part of the geomembrane 18 .

The experimental apparatus further includes a plurality of LVDT displacement sensors 22 arranged at intervals to collect the settlement data of the blown soil 1. The LVDT displacement sensors 22 are fixed on the geomembrane 18 and exposed to the outside of the geomembrane 18 through a fixing part. Above the part of the annular top cover 19; the measuring end of the bottom end of the LVDT displacement sensor 22 is in vertical contact with the upper surface of the geomembrane 18, and the LVDT displacement sensor 22 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 16 through the second wire respectively. connected to transmit the collected sedimentation amount data to the data acquisition instrument 16 .

Specifically, the LVDT displacement sensor 22 can detect the settlement of the geomembrane 18 .

Further, the cylinder wall of the model cylinder 4 is respectively provided with a rubber plug hole for the first wire 7, the pressurization pipe 3 and the drain pipe 12 to pass through, and the rubber plug hole and the A rubber plug for sealing is provided between the first wire 7 , the pressurizing pipe 3 or the drain pipe 12 .

Further, the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder 4 is provided with a pressing device that can press down the annular top cover 19 , and the pressing device includes a first bolt hole 20 provided on the annular top cover 19 . and the second bolt hole provided on the barrel mouth of the model barrel 4, and the first bolt hole 20 and the second bolt hole are aligned up and down and pass through; the bolt penetrates the first bolt hole 20 and the the second bolt hole and screw the annular top cover 19 on the barrel opening of the mold barrel 4 .

Further, the outer end of the pressurized filter pipe 3 is in close communication with the pressurized pipe through a first connection head, and the water outlet at the bottom end of the drainage plate 2 is in close communication with the drainage pipe 12 through a second connection head.

Specifically, both the first connector and the second connector are hand-type connectors 8 .

Further, the bottom end of the bracket 5 is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the model cylinder 4, and the top end of the bracket 5 extends vertically upward.

Further, the pressurized filter tube 3 is vertically arranged along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder 4 .

Further, the fixing part includes a magnetic watch seat 21 vertically arranged on the barrel mouth of the model barrel 4 , and the magnetic watch seat 21 is vertically connected to the inside of the model barrel 4 along the radial direction of the model barrel 4 . An extended fixed rod, the fixed end of the fixed rod is fixed on the magnetic watch base 21 , and the free end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected to the housing of the LVDT displacement sensor 22 through magnetic attraction.

Specifically, the free end of the fixing rod is magnetic, and the housing of the LVDT displacement sensor 22 is made of a magnetic conductive material, such as iron. The LVDT displacement sensor 22 is fixed on the free end of the fixing rod by magnetic attraction, which is not only fast and stable to fix, but also convenient to adjust the position of the LVDT displacement sensor 22 .

Further, the water vapor separation bottle 13 is provided with a scale for measuring the amount of water.

The experimental method of the sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading described in this embodiment includes the following steps:

Step 1, turn on the pore water pressure sensor 6, the LVDT displacement sensor 22 and the data acquisition instrument 16, and set the data acquisition frequency of the pore water pressure sensor 6 and the LVDT displacement sensor 22; the The pore water pressure sensor 6 collects the pore water pressure data in the filled soil and sends it to the data acquisition device 16 , and the LVDT displacement sensor 22 collects the settlement data of the filled soil 1 and sends it to the data collector 16 16;

Step 2, turn on the vacuum pump 15 to carry out vacuum pre-pressing, when the reading of the pore water pressure sensor 6 of the pore water pressure sensor ring closest to the pore water pressure sensor ring of the model cylinder 4 cylinder wall is less than 5kPa in 12 hours, start. the booster pump 11;

Observe the reading of the pressure gauge 10, when the reading of the pressure gauge 10 reaches the preset test pressure, close the booster pump 11;

Specifically, before the reading of the pressure gauge 10 reaches the preset test pressure, when the reading of the pressure gauge 10 reaches the preset test pressure, and the reading of the pressure gauge 10 reaches the preset test pressure, the data acquisition instrument After the test pressure, the change of the pore water pressure data and the settlement data can be obtained initially. Economical and reasonable guidance to pressure methods to deal with soft soil foundations;

Step 3, when at least one of the following conditions is met, the vacuum pump 15 and the data acquisition instrument 16 are turned off:

Condition 1: When the numerical change of the sedimentation data within 12 hours is less than 0.2mm;

Condition 2: When the numerical change of the water output in the water vapor separation bottle 13 within 12 hours is less than 50g;

Step 4: Loosen the bolts of the pressing device, remove the annular top cover 19, use a drilling rig to drill samples of the draught soil 1 at different depths of the model cylinder, and test the compactness, moisture content and resistance of each sample in turn. Shear strength, where,

The test method of described compactness is: use a ring knife with a volume of V to pick up a sample with a mass of m (weighing with a balance), then the size of the compactness is

The test method for the moisture content is as follows: weigh the mass of the sample as m, then put the sample into a drying oven to fully dry, and weigh the sample as n, then the smaller the moisture content is. for

Specifically, the sufficient drying refers to that the quality of the sample is no longer degraded after the drying is continued.

The testing method for the shear strength is as follows: insert a cross-plate shearing instrument into the filling soil 1 at different depths and rotate, and measure the shearing strength through the cross-plate shearing instrument.

Specifically, the test method for the shear strength is a cross plate shear test, which is a test for measuring the undrained shear strength and sensitivity of saturated soft cohesive soil with a cross plate, which belongs to the soil in-situ test One of the tests is to press the cross plate head into the soft soil at the bottom of the hole from the drilled hole, rotate at a uniform speed, and measure the torque required for its rotation through a certain measuring system until the soil is destroyed, so as to calculate Unearthed shear strength. The shear strength measured by the cross plate shear test represents the natural strength of the soil in the hole (undrained shear strength).

Specifically, according to the obtained compactness, moisture content and shear strength of each sample, the influence of the preset test pressure on the consolidation of the filling soil 1 can be further obtained, so as to combine the vacuum preloading in the actual project. The lateral pressure method is an economical and rational guide for dealing with soft soil foundations.

The contents described in the embodiments of the present specification are merely examples of the realization forms of the concept of the utility model. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also extends to Equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the concept of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The settling column tester that lateral pressure and vacuum preloading are combined, it is characterized in that: comprise model tube, described model tube is fixedly provided with support, and described model tube is also provided with pore water pressure sensor combination, increase A filter press tube and a drainage plate, and the combination of the pore water pressure sensor, the pressurized filter tube and the drainage plate are all fixedly arranged on the support; The pore water pressure sensor combination includes several pore water pressure sensor layers arranged at intervals up and down along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder, and the pore water pressure sensor layers include pore water pressure sensor layers arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the model cylinder. A plurality of pore water pressure sensor rings, each of the pore water pressure sensor rings includes a plurality of pore water pressure sensors arranged in a circle around the central axis of the model cylinder; The pore water pressure sensors are all fixed on the support, and the pore water pressure sensors are respectively connected with a data acquisition instrument through a first wire; the data acquisition instrument is located outside the model cylinder, and the first wire airtightly penetrates through the cylinder wall of the model cylinder; the pore water pressure sensor transmits the collected pore water pressure data to the data acquisition instrument through the first wire; The pressurized filter tube is arranged on one side of the model cylinder, and the outer fixed cover of the pressurized filter tube is provided with a volume-variable soft film, the soft film has an air-tight inner cavity, the The pressurized filter tube is provided with several ventilation holes, and the inner cavity of the soft membrane is communicated with the pressurized filter tube through the ventilation holes; the inner end of the pressurized filter tube is located in the model cylinder , the outer end of the booster filter tube is communicated with a booster pump through a booster pipeline, the booster pump is located outside the model cylinder, and the booster pipeline airtightly penetrates the cylinder wall of the model cylinder; The drainage plate is arranged in the middle of the model cylinder along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder; the water outlet at the bottom end of the drainage plate is sequentially connected with the water-gas separation bottle and the vacuum pump through the drainage pipe; the water-gas separation The bottle is provided with a vacuum gauge, and the water-gas separation bottle and the vacuum pump are both located outside the model cylinder, and the drain pipe airtightly penetrates the cylinder wall of the model cylinder; The model cylinder is filled with blowing soil, the upper surface of the blowing soil is covered with a geotextile, the geotextile is covered with a geomembrane, and the geotextile is attached to the upper surface of the blowing soil The geomembrane and the geotextile fit together, and the geomembrane and the geotextile completely cover the upper surface of the blown soil; the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder is buckled for downward pressure Tighten the annular top cover of the geomembrane; It also includes a plurality of LVDT displacement sensors arranged at intervals for collecting the settlement amount data of the blowing soil, the LVDT displacement sensors are fixed on the top of the geomembrane exposed above the annular top cover part through the fixing part; The measuring end of the bottom end of the LVDT displacement sensor is in vertical contact with the upper surface of the geomembrane, and the LVDT displacement sensor is respectively connected with the data acquisition instrument through the second wire, so as to transmit the collected settlement data to the geomembrane. the data collector. 2. The sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder wall of the model cylinder is respectively provided with a supply for the first wire, the pressurization A rubber plug hole through which the pipe or the drain pipe passes, and a rubber plug for sealing is provided between the rubber plug hole and the first wire, the booster pipe or the drain pipe. 3. The settling column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder is provided with a pressing device that can press down the annular top cover device, the pressing device comprises a first bolt hole provided on the annular top cover and a second bolt hole provided on the cylinder mouth of the model cylinder, and the first bolt hole and the second bolt The holes are aligned up and down and pass through; the bolts pass through the first bolt holes and the second bolt holes and screw the annular top cover on the barrel opening of the model barrel. 4. The settling column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the outer end of the pressurized filter tube is in close communication with the pressurized pipeline through the first connector , the water outlet at the bottom end of the drainage plate is in close communication with the drainage pipe through a second connection head. 5. The sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the support is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the model cylinder, and the top end of the support Extend vertically upwards. 6 . The sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized filter tube is vertically arranged along the direction of the central axis of the model cylinder. 7 . 7 . The sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading according to claim 1 , wherein the fixing part comprises a magnetic watch seat vertically arranged on the mouth of the model cylinder, and the The magnetic watch base is vertically connected with a fixing rod extending into the model cylinder along the radial direction of the model cylinder, the fixed end of the fixing rod is fixed on the magnetic watch base, and the free end of the fixing rod is magnetically The suction is fixedly connected to the housing of the LVDT displacement sensor. 8 . The sedimentation column tester combining lateral pressure and vacuum preloading according to claim 1 , wherein the water-gas separation bottle is provided with a scale for measuring the amount of water. 9 .