CN209525607U - A kind of adaptive constant-flow device - Google Patents
A kind of adaptive constant-flow device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN209525607U CN209525607U CN201920632850.1U CN201920632850U CN209525607U CN 209525607 U CN209525607 U CN 209525607U CN 201920632850 U CN201920632850 U CN 201920632850U CN 209525607 U CN209525607 U CN 209525607U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- constant
- module
- voltage
- resistance
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of adaptive constant-flow devices, comprising: detection module, energy-storage module, voltage regulator module and constant-current control module；Detection module is connect with light-emitting diode assembly and energy-storage module respectively, is non-constant current state and is sent energy storage control signal to energy-storage module for detecting the electric current in light-emitting diode assembly；Energy-storage module is connect with voltage regulator module, extracts electric current for controlling signal progress charge and discharge according to energy storage and controlling voltage regulator module；Voltage regulator module is connect with constant-current control module, for extracting the electric current in reference current source, to adjust the reference voltage of constant-current control module；Constant-current control module is connect with light-emitting diode assembly, make for adjusting the upper limit value of electric current of preset light-emitting diode assembly the electric current of light emitting diode maintain it is constant within the scope of.By changing the upper limit value of the electric current of light-emitting diode assembly, by its current limit within certain reference constant current, and then stroboscopic index is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model embodiment is related to electronic circuit technology field, especially a kind of adaptive constant-flow device.
Background technique
In the control system of electronic circuit, when the ambient parameters of system change, if the constant current of itself
Threshold value is constant, will appear apparent current ripples in circuit.For example, field is dimmed in LED, when gauze voltage changes, or
When filter capacitor parameter changes, system power can not consistently maintain preset constant current value, the stroboscopic index meeting of system
It gets higher.
Utility model content
Based on this, it is necessary to be directed to the problems of the prior art, provide a kind of adaptive constant-flow device.
Detection module, energy-storage module, voltage regulator module and constant-current control module；
The detection module is connect with light-emitting diode assembly and the energy-storage module respectively, for detecting described luminous two
Electric current in pole pipe device is non-constant current state and sends energy storage control signal to the energy-storage module；
The energy-storage module is connect with the voltage regulator module, carries out charge and discharge for controlling signal according to the energy storage
And it controls the voltage regulator module and extracts electric current；
The voltage regulator module is connect with the constant-current control module, for extracting the electric current in reference current source, with
Adjust the reference voltage of the constant-current control module；
The constant-current control module is connect with the light-emitting diode assembly, for adjusting the preset light emitting diode
The upper limit value of the electric current of device make the electric current of the light emitting diode maintain it is constant within the scope of.
Optionally, the detection module includes: comparator；
The comparator is defeated for the voltage that positive input inputs to be compared with the voltage that negative input inputs
Significant level voltage signal out；
The energy-storage module includes: switch and capacitor；
The switch is connect with the comparator, for being connected after receiving the significant level voltage signal, so that institute
Capacitor is stated to charge to control the voltage regulator module and extract electric current；
The voltage regulator module is voltage-controlled current source, for extracting electric current from the reference current source, to reduce
State the reference voltage of constant-current control module input terminal；
The constant-current control module, for adjusting the upper limit value of electric current in the light-emitting diode assembly.
Optionally, the duty ratio pass in direct ratio of the voltage and the significant level voltage signal of the capacitor charging
System.
Optionally, the constant-current control module includes: operational amplifier X, field effect transistor M 1, first resistor R1,
Two resistance R2,3rd resistor R3 and resistance R0；
The positive input of the operational amplifier X is respectively at the first resistor R1, second resistance R2 and the voltage
Adjustment module connection, the negative input of the operational amplifier X respectively with the detection module, one end of resistance R0 and institute
State the source level S connection of field effect transistor M 1, the grid G of the output end of the operational amplifier and the field effect transistor M 1
Connection；
The drain D of the field effect transistor M 1 is connect with the light-emitting diode assembly；
The other end input reference source signal of the first resistor R1；
One end of the second resistance R2 is connect with one end of the first resistor R1, the other end of the second resistance R2
It is connect respectively with one end of the 3rd resistor R3 and with the detection module.
Optionally, R2 < < R3.
Optionally, the voltage regulator module is voltage-controlled current source Q；
The control terminal of the voltage-controlled current source Q is connect with the energy-storage module, the input terminal of the voltage-controlled current source Q and institute
State the positive input connection of operational amplifier X.
Optionally, the detection module includes: comparator Y and pull-up resistor R '；
The positive input of the comparator Y respectively with the negative input of the operational amplifier X, the resistance R0
The source electrode of one end and the field effect transistor M 1 connection, the negative input of the comparator Y with the second resistance
The other end of R2, the 3rd resistor R3 one end connection, the output end of the comparator Y with respectively with the energy-storage module and
One end of the pull-up resistor R ' connects；
The other end of the pull-up resistor connects to power supply.
Optionally, the energy-storage module includes: switch M2, capacitor C1, the 4th resistance R4, the 5th resistance R5 and the 6th resistance
R6；
One end of the capacitor C1 is connect with the drain D of one end of the 5th resistance R5 and the switch M2 respectively；
One end of the 4th resistance R4 is connect with the source S of the switch M2, the second end of the 4th resistance R4 with
Power input connection；
One end of the 6th resistance R6 is connect with the grid G of the switch M2, the other end of the 6th resistance R6 with
The detection module connection.
Optionally, the field effect transistor is NMOS tube or is NPN triode.
Optionally, the switch is PMOS tube, NMOS tube, PNP pipe or NPN pipe.
Adaptive constant-flow device provided by the utility model, when in light-emitting diode assembly due to system peripherals parameter occur
When change, by changing the voltage in circuit, so that the upper limit value of the electric current of constant-current control module adjustment light-emitting diode assembly,
By the current limit in light emitting diode within certain reference constant current, and then reduce stroboscopic index.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of adaptive constant-flow device provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the circuit connection diagram of adaptive constant-flow device provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is that adaptive constant-flow provided by the embodiment of the utility model adjusts schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose of the utility model, technical solutions and advantages more clearly understood, below in conjunction with attached drawing and implementation
Example, the present invention will be further described in detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain
The utility model is not used to limit the utility model.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of adaptive constant-flow device provided by the embodiment of the utility model,
Wherein, adaptive constant-flow device includes: detection module 11, energy-storage module 12, voltage regulator module 13 and constant-current control module 14；
Detection module 11 is connect with light-emitting diode assembly and energy-storage module 12 respectively, for detecting light-emitting diode assembly
In electric current be non-constant current state and send energy storage control signal to energy-storage module 12；
Energy-storage module 12 is connect with voltage regulator module 13, for controlling signal progress charge and discharge according to energy storage and controlling institute
It states voltage regulator module and extracts electric current；
Voltage regulator module 13 is connect with constant-current control module 14, for extracting the electric current in reference current source, with adjustment
The reference voltage of the constant-current control module；
Constant-current control module 14 is connect with light-emitting diode assembly, for adjusting the electric current of preset light-emitting diode assembly
Upper limit value make the electric current of light emitting diode maintain it is constant within the scope of.
Above-mentioned adaptive constant-flow device is passed through when being changed in light-emitting diode assembly due to system peripherals parameter
Change the voltage in circuit, so that the upper limit value of the electric current of constant-current control module adjustment light-emitting diode assembly, by light-emitting diodes
Current limit in pipe reduces stroboscopic index within certain reference constant current.
Specifically, detection module 11 includes: comparator；
For the voltage that positive input inputs to be compared with the voltage that negative input inputs, output has comparator
Imitate level voltage signal；
Energy-storage module 12 includes: switch and capacitor；
Switch is connect with comparator, for being connected after receiving significant level voltage signal, so that capacitor is charged with
It controls voltage regulator module 13 and extracts electric current；
Voltage regulator module 13 is voltage-controlled current source, for extracting electric current from reference current source, to reduce current constant control
The reference voltage of 14 input terminal of module；
Constant-current control module 14, for adjusting the upper limit value of electric current in light-emitting diode assembly.
Effective level voltage signal can be low level voltage signal or high level voltage signal, in one embodiment
In, the positive input of LED matrix and comparator connects, when the voltage of positive input input is less than negative input input
Voltage, i.e. LED matrix voltage are lower than preset voltage value and need the switch in energy-storage module 12 when comparator exports low level
When conducting makes capacitor charge to have the function that adjust LED matrix electric current, significant level voltage signal at this time is low level
Voltage signal.
In one embodiment, the negative input of LED matrix and comparator connects, when the voltage of positive input input
Greater than the voltage of negative input input, i.e., preset voltage value is higher than LED matrix voltage, when comparator exports high level, together
Reason, needs switch conduction that capacitor is made to charge, and significant level voltage signal at this time is high level voltage signal.
It is to be understood that as shown in Fig. 2, according to the connection relationship of circuit it is found that the voltage waveform of V2 can reflect LED
Current waveform on lamp, when ambient parameters or gauze change, voltage value will appear and situation shown in Fig. 2, that is, LED
Electric current cannot be always maintained at constant current state.Wherein, the operational amplifier in constant-current control module 14 and field effect transistor M 1 with
And the collective effect of voltage regulator module 13 can by the limiting voltage of LED matrix the range of V1 (upper limit) and V3 (lower limit) it
Interior, i.e. V1 is used to limit the maximum amplitude of V2 voltage, and V3 voltage is used to limit the minimum amplitude of V2 voltage.
The principle of constant flow regulation in the present embodiment are as follows: V2 is connect into comparator positive input, V3 connects the input of comparator negative sense
It holds, the switch in energy-storage module 12 chooses PMOS tube, when the comparator output voltage V4 in detection module 11 is low level, storage
Energy module 12 charges, and obtains current 12 voltage value U1 of energy-storage module, wherein and voltage control module 13 chooses voltage-controlled current source,
Its current value I1=K*U1.Circuit connecting relation as shown in Figure 2 is it is found that V1=Vref-K*R1*U1 (wherein, on the basis of Vref
Current source), as shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is that adaptive constant-flow provided by the embodiment of the utility model adjusts schematic diagram, by adjusting U1
Size adjust the size of V1, if the electric current of LED matrix can not be still limited to reference constant current after V1 is adjusted by system
Within, i.e. it between V1 and V3, will continue to repeat the above process, until system keeps constant current.
In other embodiments, field effect transistor M 1 can be replaced with NPN triode.It should be noted that K value
Setting, because the maximum value of U1 is VCC*R5/ (R4+R5), the maximum value of I1 is K*VCC*R5/ (R4+R5), so the minimum of V1
Value are as follows: Vref-K*VCC*R1*R5/ (R4+R5), because of V1 > 0, it is possible to obtain: 0 < K < Vref* (R4+R5)/(VCC*
R1*R5)。
Further, the duty ratio direct proportionality of the voltage and significant level voltage signal of capacitor charging.
It should be noted that level voltage signal includes two kinds, i.e. low level and high level, significant level voltage signal can
By the way that circuit is arranged come customized setting high level or low level.In the present embodiment, switchs as PMOS, effective level is set
For low level, significant level duration is the duration that switch module is opened, and the voltage for being provided with capacitor is to be in effective time
Direct proportion variation relation is because significant level duration represents the duration of not constant current in the period, that is, if impermanent in the system period
The duration of stream is longer, and the voltage on capacitor is i.e. higher, and the voltage on capacitor can reflect the duration of not constant current in the period, proportional
Example relationship.
In other embodiments, switch can also be, NMOS tube, PNP pipe or NPN are managed.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a kind of circuit connection structure of adaptive constant-flow device provided by the embodiment of the utility model
Schematic diagram.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, constant-current control module 14 includes: operational amplifier X, the 1, first electricity of field effect transistor M
Hinder R1, second resistance R2,3rd resistor R3 and resistance R0.
Wherein, the positive input of operational amplifier X is respectively at first resistor R1, second resistance R2 and voltage regulator module
13 connection, the negative input of operational amplifier X respectively with detection module 11, one end of resistance R0 and field effect transistor
Source level S connection, the output end of operational amplifier X and the grid G of field effect transistor connect；The drain D of field effect transistor M 1
It is connect with light-emitting diode assembly；The other end input reference source signal of first resistor R1；One end of second resistance R2 and first
One end of resistance R1 connects, and the other end of second resistance R2 connects with one end of 3rd resistor R3 and with detection module 11 respectively
It connects.
It should be noted that the control of the briquetting current source Q in the positive input and voltage regulator module of operational amplifier X
End connection processed, the negative input of operational amplifier X are connect with the positive input of the comparator Y in detection module respectively, the
The other end of two resistance R2 is connect with the negative input of comparator Y in detection module 11.
Specifically, field effect transistor M 1 is NMOS tube.
In order to reach ideal constant current effect, R2 < < R3 in the present embodiment.V3=V1*R3/ (the R2+ known to circuit diagram
R3), in comparator when the voltage of positive input is higher than negative input, high level is exported, it is on the contrary then export low level,
Significant level is low level in scheme, i.e., low level is the control signal for controlling capacitor charging, meanwhile, that is, need negative input
Voltage V3 be less than the voltage value of V1, that is to say, that the low level duration reflection of comparator output is V2 voltage lower than V3 electricity
The duration of pressure.Due to the maximum amplitude of V1 limitation V2 voltage, therefore the minimum amplitude of V3 voltage limitation V2 voltage can be chosen
A voltage value more smaller than V1, for example, 5% or 2%.In order to reach ideal constant current effect, it can be set V1's and V3
Value is as close as i.e. R2 < < R3.
In practical applications, in order under initial situation, make the initial value of V1 close to preset threshold value Vref1, Ke Yishe
Set R1 < < R3.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, voltage regulator module 13 is voltage-controlled current source Q；
The control terminal 1 of voltage-controlled current source Q is connect with energy-storage module 12, the input terminal 2 and operational amplifier of voltage-controlled current source Q
The positive input of X connects.
Wherein, one end of one end and the 5th resistance of the control terminal 1 of voltage-controlled current source Q and energy-storage module capacitor C1 connects
It connects.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, detection module 11 includes: comparator Y and pull-up resistor R '；
One embodiment of the utility model, the positive input of comparator Y are inputted with the negative sense of operational amplifier X respectively
The source electrode connection at end, one end of resistance R0 and field effect transistor M 1, the negative input of comparator Y with second resistance R2
The other end, 3rd resistor R3 one end connection, the output end of comparator Y with respectively with energy-storage module 12 and pull-up resistor R '
One end connection；The other end of pull-up resistor R ' connects to power supply.
It should be noted that the output end of comparator Y is connect with one end of the 6th resistance in energy-storage module 12.At this point,
It is significant level signal that comparator Y, which exports low level signal,.
In the present embodiment, when the voltage in LED matrix changes, it may appear that the VDS in field effect transistor is less than
Current constant current inflection point causes the state of not constant current to occur, comparator Y is by the way that by the voltage V2 of positive input, (i.e. LED is filled
Set voltage) it is compared with V3, when being less than V3, illustrate that LED matrix voltage is that constant current state, output significant level voltage are not believed
Number give energy-storage module 12.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, energy-storage module 12 include: switch M2, capacitor C1, the 4th resistance R4, the 5th resistance R5 and
6th resistance R6；
Wherein, one end of capacitor C1 is connect with the drain D of one end of the 5th resistance R5 and switch M2 respectively；4th resistance R4
One end connect with the source S of switch M2, the second end of the 4th resistance R4 is connect with power input；One end of 6th resistance R6
It is connect with the grid G of switch M2, the other end of the 6th resistance R6 is connect with detection module 11.
It should be noted that the other end of the 6th resistance R6 is connect with the output end of comparator Y in detection module 11.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
Above-described embodiments merely represent several embodiments of the utility model, the description thereof is more specific and detailed,
But it should not be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the utility model.It should be pointed out that for the common of this field
For technical staff, without departing from the concept of the premise utility, various modifications and improvements can be made, these all belong to
In the protection scope of the utility model.Therefore, the scope of protection shall be subject to the appended claims for the utility model patent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of adaptive constant-flow device characterized by comprising detection module, energy-storage module, voltage regulator module and constant current
Control module；
The detection module is connect with light-emitting diode assembly and the energy-storage module respectively, for detecting the light emitting diode
Electric current in device is non-constant current state and sends energy storage control signal to the energy-storage module；
The energy-storage module is connect with the voltage regulator module, for controlling signal progress charge and discharge according to the energy storage and controlling
It makes the voltage regulator module and extracts electric current；
The voltage regulator module is connect with the constant-current control module, for extracting the electric current in reference current source, with adjustment
The reference voltage of the constant-current control module；
The constant-current control module is connect with the light-emitting diode assembly, for adjusting the preset light-emitting diode assembly
Electric current upper limit value make the electric current of the light emitting diode maintain it is constant within the scope of.
2. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The detection module includes: comparator；
For the voltage that positive input inputs to be compared with the voltage that negative input inputs, output has the comparator
Imitate level voltage signal；
The energy-storage module includes: switch and capacitor；
The switch is connect with the comparator, for being connected after receiving the significant level voltage signal, makes the capacitor
Device charges to control the voltage regulator module and extract electric current；
The voltage regulator module is voltage-controlled current source, for extracting electric current from the reference current source, to reduce the perseverance
The reference voltage of flow control module input terminal；
The constant-current control module, for adjusting the upper limit value of electric current in the light-emitting diode assembly.
3. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the voltage of capacitor charging with it is described
The duty ratio direct proportionality of significant level voltage signal.
4. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the constant-current control module includes: operation
Amplifier X, field effect transistor M 1, first resistor R1, second resistance R2,3rd resistor R3 and resistance R0；
The positive input of the operational amplifier X is adjusted respectively at the first resistor R1, second resistance R2 and the voltage
Module connection, the negative input of operational amplifier X one end and the field with the detection module, resistance R0 respectively
The grid G of the source level S connection of effect transistor M1, the output end of the operational amplifier and the field effect transistor M 1 connects
It connects；
The drain D of the field effect transistor M 1 is connect with the light-emitting diode assembly；
The other end input reference source signal of the first resistor R1；
One end of the second resistance R2 is connect with one end of the first resistor R1, the other end difference of the second resistance R2
It is connect with one end of the 3rd resistor R3 and with the detection module.
5. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that R2 < < R3.
6. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the voltage regulator module is voltage controlled current
Source Q；
The control terminal of the voltage-controlled current source Q is connect with the energy-storage module, the input terminal of the voltage-controlled current source Q and the fortune
Calculate the positive input connection of amplifier X.
7. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the detection module include: comparator Y and
Pull-up resistor R '；
The positive input of comparator Y one end with the negative input of the operational amplifier X, the resistance R0 respectively
And the source electrode connection of the field effect transistor M 1, the negative input of the comparator Y is with the second resistance R2's
One end connection of the other end, the 3rd resistor R3, the output end of the comparator Y with respectively with the energy-storage module and described
One end of pull-up resistor R ' connects；
The other end of the pull-up resistor R' connects to power supply.
8. adaptive constant-flow device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the energy-storage module includes: switch M2, electricity
Hold C1, the 4th resistance R4, the 5th resistance R5 and the 6th resistance R6；
One end of the capacitor C1 is connect with the drain D of one end of the 5th resistance R5 and the switch M2 respectively；
One end of the 4th resistance R4 is connect with the source S of the switch M2, the second end and power supply of the 4th resistance R4
Input terminal connection；
One end of the 6th resistance R6 is connect with the grid G of the switch M2, the other end of the 6th resistance R6 with it is described
Detection module connection.
9. according to the described in any item adaptive constant-current devices of claim 4 to 7, which is characterized in that the field effect transistor
Pipe is NMOS tube or is NPN triode.
10. adaptive constant-current device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the switch is PMOS tube, NMOS
Pipe, PNP pipe or NPN pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920632850.1U CN209525607U (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920632850.1U CN209525607U (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209525607U true CN209525607U (en) | 2019-10-22 |
Family
ID=68232747
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920632850.1U Active CN209525607U (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209525607U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110032233A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-19 | 深圳市明微电子股份有限公司 | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device |
-
2019
- 2019-04-30 CN CN201920632850.1U patent/CN209525607U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110032233A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-19 | 深圳市明微电子股份有限公司 | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103957648B (en) | Controllable silicon, simulation, PWM light modulation universal circuit and LED drive chip | |
| CN209525607U (en) | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device | |
| CN109101053A (en) | Temperature control equipment | |
| CN110032233A (en) | A kind of adaptive constant-flow device | |
| CN105206214A (en) | Display voltage supply device, power sequence regulating system and method and display device | |
| CN101820706B (en) | Device and method for dimming light sources | |
| CN208836436U (en) | Anti-static circuit for data line | |
| CN108199446B (en) | Circuit and soft start equipment are protected in lithium battery trickle charge | |
| CN106604473B (en) | Can be by dimming the LED drive power turned off | |
| CN203492241U (en) | Novel LED dimming module | |
| CN204761767U (en) | LED's automatic control drive circuit | |
| CN109327934A (en) | A kind of capacitor quick discharging circuit and its implementation | |
| CN205546091U (en) | LED filament lamp dimmer circuit | |
| CN204615621U (en) | The identification circuit of fault-signal | |
| CN208369463U (en) | The circuit and electronic product of voltage feedback circuit, anti-output voltage overshoot | |
| CN207678051U (en) | A kind of constant-current dimming protection circuit, constant current driving device and television set | |
| CN209517566U (en) | A kind of capacitor quick discharging circuit | |
| CN206517633U (en) | Can be by dimming the LED drive power turned off | |
| CN206149552U (en) | A dimmer circuit for non - isolation LED drive power supply | |
| CN208316344U (en) | A kind of charging circuit and charging equipment | |
| CN201878385U (en) | Automatic dimming circuit of ecological house | |
| CN104836316A (en) | Current-adjustable constant current charging circuit | |
| CN206790732U (en) | A kind of new light adjusting circuit of adjustable dim light electric current | |
| CN105162195A (en) | Network communication terminal charging device for intelligent transportation system | |
| US10455772B2 (en) | Light emitting device and method of regulating plant growth using the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |