CN209416872U - A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient - Google Patents
A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN209416872U CN209416872U CN201821844428.4U CN201821844428U CN209416872U CN 209416872 U CN209416872 U CN 209416872U CN 201821844428 U CN201821844428 U CN 201821844428U CN 209416872 U CN209416872 U CN 209416872U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, measurement suitable for the comprehensive infiltration coefficient of all kinds of permeable pavements, by will include that the bicyclic devices of inner ring and outer rings is installed on permeable pavement to be measured, and the water level of inner ring and outer rings is set to be held in certain altitude using liquid level sensor control solenoid valve, simultaneously because the effect of contraction by outer ring infiltration field, it is penetrated into so that the water of inner ring keeps vertical, thus eliminates the error of side seepage, improve measurement accuracy.Furthermore, scope of experiment is confined by bicyclic device, water source is connected using control cabinet, makes the certain water of accumulation in water supply tank, it can be achieved that easier operation and more accurately test result, record the change procedure of accumulated water volume, data processing equipment can immediately arrive at comprehensive infiltration coefficient, and can print numerical value, obtain the change curve of amount of seepage and time, convenient for analyzing the permeability of the region permeable pavement, is improved and safeguarded accordingly according to analysis.
Description
Technical field
The utility model embodiment is related to gas permeability measurement technical field, seeps more particularly, to a kind of permeable pavement
Saturating coefficient measuring device.
Background technique
Permeable pavement is a kind of very useful and widespread adoption pavement material, with preferable infiltration function, energy
So that rainwater is rapidly permeated into underground, effectively recharge of groundwater, alleviates urban heat land effect, urban ecological system can be balanced.
In addition, surface area is big since pervious surface hole is more, there is stronger adsorption capacity to dust, dust pollution can be reduced, can also reduce
Noise, so being used widely in each city and area.It can be divided into according to the material type of surface layer: water-permeable brick, permeable mixed
Solidifying soil and pervious asphalt, are divided into according to construction: half permeable and full impregnated water.
Currently, the measuring device of traditional penetration coefficient can only be confined to the measurement of pavement material itself, and for material of mating formation
The synthesis permeance property of material and piece can not be measured accurately, and be easy when the measurement of existing measuring device by side seepage
It influences, measurement accuracy need to be improved.
Utility model content
(1) technical problems to be solved
The purpose of the utility model embodiment is to provide a kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, existing to solve
The apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient problem not high to actual permeable pavement measurement accuracy.
(2) technical solution
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of permeable pavement gas permeability measurement dress
It sets, comprising: water supply tank, bicyclic device and data processing equipment, the bicyclic device are sealingly mounted on permeable pavement to be measured,
The bicyclic device includes inner ring and the outer ring concentric with the inner ring, and multiple are equipped between the inner ring and the outer ring
Support connector；
It is equipped with first pipe between the water supply tank and the inner ring, second is equipped between the water supply tank and the outer ring
Pipeline, the first pipe be equipped with the first solenoid valve and first flowmeter, the second pipe be equipped with second solenoid valve and
Second flowmeter, it is described in be equipped with the first liquid level sensor, it is described outer to be equipped with the second liquid level sensor, first liquid level
Sensor, the second liquid level sensor, the first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, first flowmeter and second flowmeter with the number
It is electrically connected according to processing unit；
The data processing equipment controls the logical of first solenoid valve according to the preset value of first liquid level sensor
Disconnected, the data processing equipment controls the on-off of the second solenoid valve according to the preset value of second liquid level sensor, and
The preset value of first liquid level sensor is identical as the preset value of second liquid level sensor.
Preferably, when the liquid level of the inner ring is lower than the preset value of first liquid level sensor, first electromagnetism
Valve is opened, and when the liquid level of the inner ring is higher than the preset value of first liquid level sensor, first solenoid valve is closed；
When the liquid level of the outer ring is lower than the preset value of second liquid level sensor, the second solenoid valve is opened,
When the liquid level of the outer ring is higher than the preset value of second liquid level sensor, the second solenoid valve is closed.
Preferably, the permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient further include: control cabinet, the water supply tank are located at the control
The top of case processed, the lower part of the control cabinet are additionally provided with water feeding tank, are equipped with third liquid level sensor, the confession in the water supply tank
Suction pump is equipped in water tank, the suction pump is connected to by pipeline with the water supply tank, the suction pump and third level sensing
Device is electrically connected with the data processing equipment, and the data processing equipment is according to the preset value control of the third liquid level sensor
Make the switch of the suction pump.
Preferably, described to draw water when the liquid level in the water supply tank is lower than the preset value of the third liquid level sensor
Pump is opened, and is started to the water supply tank moisturizing, when the liquid level in the water supply tank is higher than the default of the third liquid level sensor
When value, the suction pump is closed.
Preferably, the control cabinet side is additionally provided with display screen, is used to show the first flowmeter on the display screen
Flow value, the first liquid level sensor level value and accumulative time of measuring, the flow value of the first flowmeter and accumulative
Start of calculation when time of measuring reaches preset value from the level value of first liquid level sensor for the first time.
Preferably, the data processing equipment includes: infiltration coefficient computing module, the infiltration coefficient computing module according to
The area ratio of the flow value of the first flowmeter, amount of seepage and inner ring is the infiltration coefficient of inner ring measured zone.
Preferably, the data processing equipment further include: printout module, the printout module is by the infiltration
The change curve of infiltration coefficient and amount of seepage and time that coefficients calculation block obtains is exported and is printed.
Preferably, multiple support connector being arranged radially along the outer ring, and it is evenly distributed on the inner ring
On excircle.
Preferably, the bottom of the inner ring and the bottom of outer ring pass through the adhesive seal of waterproof described to be measured permeable
On mating formation.
Preferably, it is covered with transparent cover plate at the top of the bicyclic device, the first pipe is connected to positioned at the inner ring
On the transparent cover plate of top, the second pipe is connected to the transparency cover of the top between the inner ring and outer ring
On plate.
(3) beneficial effect
It is comprehensive to be suitable for all kinds of permeable pavements for permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient provided by the embodiment of the utility model
The measurement of infiltration coefficient, by will include that the bicyclic devices of inner ring and outer rings is installed on permeable pavement to be measured, and is utilized
Liquid level sensor control solenoid valve makes the water level of inner ring and outer rings be held in certain altitude, simultaneously because being permeated field by outer ring
Effect of contraction penetrated into so that the water of inner ring keeps vertical, thus eliminate the error of side seepage, improve measurement accuracy.
In addition, permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient provided by the embodiment of the utility model, is confined by bicyclic device
Scope of experiment connects water source using control cabinet, make the certain water of accumulation in water supply tank, it can be achieved that easier operation with more precisely
Test result, record the change procedure of accumulated water volume, data processing equipment can immediately arrive at comprehensive infiltration coefficient, and can will
Numerical value prints, and obtains the change curve of amount of seepage and time, convenient for analyzing the permeability of the region permeable pavement, according to point
Analysis is improved and is safeguarded accordingly；While being detected to the permeable pavement used has been laid with, it is intuitive to reflect the saturating of various regions
Water is mated formation infiltrative variation, needs to arrange to safeguard or overhaul if changing greatly.The production of this measuring device is easy, cost is relatively low,
It is easy to use, measurement result is more accurate, has a extensive future, can vigorously promote the use.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the embodiment of the utility model or the technical proposal in the existing technology more clearly, below will be to embodiment
Or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this
Some embodiments of utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, also
Other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without any creative labor.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient in the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that data processing equipment is electrically connected with each component in the utility model embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of bicyclic device in the utility model embodiment；
In figure:
1- control cabinet；The bicyclic device of 2-；201- inner ring；202- outer ring；3- display screen；4- transparent cover plate；5- permeable pavement；
6- water supply tank；7- water feeding tank；8- data processing equipment；9- suction pump；10- infiltration coefficient computing module；11- supports connector；
12- prints out module；13- first pipe；14- second pipe；The first solenoid valve of 15-；16- first flowmeter；The second electricity of 17-
Magnet valve；18- second flowmeter；The first liquid level sensor of 19-；The second liquid level sensor of 20-；21- third liquid level sensor.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.Below
Embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention for illustrating the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is pacified
Dress ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrally
Connection；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary,
It can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned art can be understood with concrete condition
The concrete meaning of language in the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient, uses
Permanent head method carries out the measurement of infiltration coefficient, needs first to contain a certain amount of water in test container when permanent head method measures, and
Water inventory is set to remain unchanged.Measuring device specifically includes: water supply tank 6, bicyclic device 2 and data processing equipment 8, in the measurements,
Bicyclic device 2 need to use the adhesive of waterproof to be fixed on permeable pavement 5 to be measured, and the adhesive of waterproof can use glass cement
Deng and its must being made seamless, avoid in experiment that water is excessive to cause experimental error.In fact, being by the bottom of inner ring 201 and outer
The bottom of ring 202 passes through glass cement respectively and is sealed on permeable pavement 5 to be measured, and needs further to fill out at the gap of bonding
It is filled with guarantee sealing effect.
Wherein, bicyclic device 2 is to form by inner ring 201 and with the outer ring 202 being set in outside inner ring 201, inner ring 201 and outer
Ring 202 is arranged concentrically, and multiple support connectors 11 are equipped between inner ring 201 and outer ring 202, and support connector 11 is used for will
It is fixedly connected on the outside of the outside of inner ring and inner ring to form an entirety, multiple support connectors 11 are along outer ring 202
Be arranged radially, and be evenly distributed on the excircle of inner ring 201, the support connector 11 in the present embodiment uses steel plate, and
Quantity is six, reduces occupancy volume to the greatest extent under the premise of guaranteeing support connection, in order to avoid influence the osmotic protection in outer ring 202
Effect.
In addition, being equipped with first pipe 13 between water supply tank 6 and inner ring 201, is supplied water, mended to inner ring using first pipe 13
It is equipped with second pipe 14 between water tank 6 and outer ring 202, is supplied water using second pipe to outer ring, and first pipe 13 and the second pipe
Road 14 is the pipeline of flexible material, is easily installed and measures.The top of bicyclic device 2 is covered with transparent cover plate 4, transparent cover plate
4 can be connected to the transparent cover plate 4 above inner ring 201 for circular slab made of glass or resin material, first pipe 13
On, second pipe 14 is connected between inner ring and outer ring on the transparent cover plate 4 of top, with aspect to inner ring 201 and outer ring
202 moisturizings, outer ring 202 described herein actually refers to the circle ring area between inner ring and outer ring, all the same below.
For the ease of automatic water supplement and flow monitoring, the first solenoid valve 15 and first flowmeter are equipped in first pipe 13
16, second pipe 14 is equipped with second solenoid valve 17 and second flowmeter 18.Meanwhile for the ease of real-time monitoring inner ring and outer rings
Level condition, and conveniently the on-off for the first solenoid valve 15 and second solenoid valve 17 provides foundation, is equipped with inside inner ring 201
First liquid level sensor 19 is equipped with the second liquid level sensor 20, the first liquid level sensor 19 and the second liquid in the inside of outer ring 202
Level sensor 20 is respectively used to implement the liquid level in monitoring inner ring 201 and outer ring 202.In order to realize liquid level sensor and solenoid valve
Linkage control, by the first liquid level sensor 19, the second liquid level sensor 20, first the 15, second electricity of solenoid valve in the present embodiment
Magnet valve 17, first flowmeter 16 and second flowmeter 18 are electrically connected with data processing equipment 8.
In the above-described embodiments, data processing equipment 8 controls the first electromagnetism according to the preset value of the first liquid level sensor 19
The on-off of valve 15, data processing equipment 8 control the on-off of second solenoid valve 17 according to the preset value of the second liquid level sensor 20.And
In order to keep outer ring infiltration field to the effect of contraction of internal layer, need to be consistent inner ring 201 and the liquid level of outer ring 202, specifically
Can set identical condition for the preset value of the preset value of the first liquid level sensor 19 and the second liquid level sensor 20, so as to and
When control solenoid valve carry out moisturizing.
On the basis of the above embodiments, specifically, default lower than the first liquid level sensor 19 when the liquid level of inner ring 201
When value, the first solenoid valve 15 is opened, and water supply tank 6 is to inner ring moisturizing, when the liquid level of inner ring 201 is higher than the first liquid level sensor 19
When preset value, the first solenoid valve 15 is closed, and stops moisturizing.When the liquid level of outer ring 202 is default lower than the second liquid level sensor 20
When value, second solenoid valve 17 is opened, and water supply tank 6 starts moisturizing to outer ring 202, when the liquid level of outer ring 202 is passed higher than the second liquid level
When the preset value of sensor 20, second solenoid valve 17 is closed, and stops moisturizing.
Measuring device in based on the above embodiment first supplements the liquid level in inner ring 201 and outer ring 202 in measurement
To sustained height, this part of water is not counted in the total flow value of first flowmeter 19 and second flowmeter 20.Due to inner ring 201
It is different with the amount of seepage in outer ring 202, it is therefore desirable in being controlled respectively by the first solenoid valve 15 and second solenoid valve 17
The liquid level of ring 201 and outer ring 202.Specifically, judged by the first liquid level sensor 19 with the second liquid level sensor 20
Whether need to open and close corresponding solenoid valve.Wherein, the preset value and the second liquid level sensor of the first liquid level sensor 19
20 preset value is theoretically a definite value, generally 10cm, but actually sensor has certain response delay, Bu Hui
Solenoid valve can just open carry out moisturizing when immediately turning on solenoid valve when lower than preset value, and being less than preset value a certain range.It is logical
The flow value for crossing first flowmeter 16 is supplemented to from inner ring 201 and after the preset value of 202 sustained height of outer ring, just starts accumulative survey
Measure the time, start simultaneously at record and flow through the total Water Q1 of first flowmeter 16, total Water Q1 is amount of seepage, amount of seepage with
The area ratio of inner ring 201 is the infiltration coefficient of the permeable pavement 5 in inner ring measured zone.
Permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient provided by the above embodiment is suitable for the comprehensive infiltration system of all kinds of permeable pavements
Several measurements, inner and outer ring interval need to fix, and inner and outer ring water level is made to be maintained at certain altitude, if cannot keep certain height,
Solenoid valve will carry out moisturizing according to liquid level height difference, make up to same preset height.Due to being made by the constraint of outer ring infiltration field
With, it is penetrated into so that the water of inner ring keeps vertical, thus the error of side seepage is more eliminated, precision is improved again.
As the improvement of above-described embodiment, in order to facilitate the automatic of the automatic measurement and water supply tank 6 for realizing infiltration coefficient
Moisturizing, the permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient that another embodiment of the utility model provides further include: control cabinet 1, by moisturizing
The top of control cabinet 1 is arranged in case 6, and the water in water supply tank 6 can be drained by self gravity in bicyclic device 2.In control cabinet 1
Water feeding tank 7 is arranged in lower part, and water feeding tank 7 is connected to extraneous resource of water supply, and third liquid level sensor 21 is equipped in water supply tank 6, supplies
The bottom of water tank 7 is equipped with suction pump 9, and suction pump 9 is connected to by pipeline with water supply tank 6, suction pump 9 and third liquid level sensor 21
It is electrically connected with data processing equipment 8, data processing equipment 8 controls suction pump 9 according to the preset value of third liquid level sensor 21
Switch.In addition, data processing equipment 8 is mounted on the middle part of control cabinet 1, avoid contacting with water, and in the bottom of control cabinet 1
It is installed with idler wheel, also to be moved easily measurement.
On the basis of the above embodiments, specifically, pre- lower than third liquid level sensor 21 when the liquid level in water supply tank 6
If when value, suction pump 9 is opened, start the moisturizing into water supply tank 7, when the liquid level in water supply tank 7 is higher than third liquid level sensor 21
Preset value when, suction pump 9 close, stop the moisturizing into water supply tank 7.
In the above-described embodiments, the side of control cabinet 1 is additionally provided with display screen 3, shows first flowmeter respectively on display screen 3
16 flow value, the flow value of second flowmeter 18, the real-time level value of the first liquid level sensor 19, the second liquid level sensor 20
Real-time level value and accumulative time of measuring.When measurement, inner ring 201 and the water level in outer ring 202 are reached default first
After value, just start the flow value for calculating accumulative time of measuring, the flow value of first flowmeter 16 and second flowmeter 18, i.e.,
Water for filling up in inner ring 201 and outer ring 202 is not counted in measurement range.
In the above-described embodiments, in order to realize automatic measurement, the calculation formula of infiltration coefficient is built in data processing dress
Set in the infiltration coefficient computing module 10 in 8, infiltration coefficient computing module 10 can according to the average flow rate value of first flowmeter 16,
The area of accumulative time of measuring, the real-time level value of the first liquid level sensor 19 and inner ring obtains the infiltration system of permeable pavement 5
Number, and above data can be stored in data processing equipment 8 by way of storing after real-time storage or calculating.Specifically
Ground, the flow value of first flowmeter 16 are amount of seepage, and the area ratio of amount of seepage and inner ring is inner ring measured zone
Infiltration coefficient.The infiltration coefficient obtained by automatic operation can be shown by display screen 3, can also pass through printout module
Output.
Wherein, in order to more intuitively check measurement data, data processing equipment 8 further include: printout module 12, printing
The change curve of infiltration coefficient computing module 10 is calculated output module 12 infiltration coefficient and water percolating capacity and time into
Row simulation output, while printing paper can also be added and directly printed out.
Permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient provided in this embodiment, for measuring the comprehensive infiltration of all kinds of permeable pavements
Coefficient confines scope of experiment by bicyclic device, connects water source using control cabinet, makes the certain water of accumulation in water supply tank.This dress
It sets and easier operation and more accurately test result can be achieved, record the change procedure of accumulated water volume, data processing equipment can
Comprehensive infiltration coefficient is immediately arrived at, and numerical value can be printed, the change curve of amount of seepage and time are obtained, convenient for analysis
The permeability of the region permeable pavement is improved and is safeguarded accordingly according to analysis.Simultaneously to be laid with use it is permeable
Mat formation and detected, the intuitive infiltrative variation of permeable pavement for reflecting various regions needs to arrange to safeguard or overhaul if changing greatly.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model only, is not intended to limit the utility model, all at this
Within the spirit and principle of utility model, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the utility model
Protection scope within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient characterized by comprising water supply tank, bicyclic device and data processing
Device, the bicyclic device include inner ring and the outer ring that is sheathed on outside the inner ring, and the inner ring and outer rings seal peace respectively
On permeable pavement to be measured；
It is equipped with first pipe between the water supply tank and the inner ring, the second pipe is equipped between the water supply tank and the outer ring
Road, the first pipe are equipped with the first solenoid valve and first flowmeter, and the second pipe is equipped with second solenoid valve and the
Two flowmeters are equipped with the first liquid level sensor in the inner ring, are equipped with the second liquid level sensor, first liquid in the outer ring
Level sensor, the second liquid level sensor, the first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, first flowmeter and second flowmeter with it is described
Data processing equipment electrical connection；
The data processing equipment controls the on-off of first solenoid valve, institute according to the preset value of first liquid level sensor
State the on-off that data processing equipment controls the second solenoid valve according to the preset value of second liquid level sensor, and described
The preset value of one liquid level sensor is identical as the preset value of second liquid level sensor.
2. permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: control cabinet, institute
The top that water supply tank is located at the control cabinet is stated, the lower part of the control cabinet is additionally provided with water feeding tank；
It is equipped with third liquid level sensor in the water supply tank, is equipped with suction pump in the water feeding tank, the suction pump passes through pipeline
It is connected to the water supply tank, the suction pump is electrically connected with the data processing equipment with third liquid level sensor, the number
The switch of the suction pump is controlled according to the preset value of the third liquid level sensor according to processing unit.
3. permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient according to claim 2, which is characterized in that also set on the control cabinet
Have a display screen, on the display screen for show the level value of the flow value of the first flowmeter, the first liquid level sensor with
And accumulative time of measuring.
4. permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the data processing equipment
It include: infiltration coefficient computing module, the infiltration coefficient computing module obtains infiltration according to the flow value of the first flowmeter
The area ratio of water, the amount of seepage and the inner ring is the infiltration coefficient of inner ring measured zone.
5. permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the data processing equipment
Further include: printout module, the printout module infiltration coefficient that obtains the infiltration coefficient computing module and
Amount of seepage and the change curve of time are exported and are printed.
6. according to claim 1 to any permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient in 5, which is characterized in that in described
It is equipped with multiple support connectors between ring and outer ring, multiple support connector being arranged radially along the outer ring, and it is uniform
It is distributed on the excircle of the inner ring.
7. permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the support connector is
Steel plate, and the steel plate is longitudinally connected between the inner ring and the outer ring.
8. according to claim 1 to any permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient in 5, which is characterized in that in described
The bottom of ring and the bottom of outer ring pass through the adhesive seal of waterproof on the permeable pavement to be measured.
9. according to claim 1 to any permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient in 5, which is characterized in that described double
It is covered with transparent cover plate at the top of loop device, the first pipe is connected on the transparent cover plate above the inner ring,
The second pipe is connected between the inner ring and outer ring on the transparent cover plate of top.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821844428.4U CN209416872U (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821844428.4U CN209416872U (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
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| CN209416872U true CN209416872U (en) | 2019-09-20 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109342290A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-15 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
| CN112730189A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南大学 | Sponge city facility water penetration and storage characteristic double-ring synchronous permeameter and detection method |
-
2018
- 2018-11-09 CN CN201821844428.4U patent/CN209416872U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109342290A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-15 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of permeable pavement apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
| CN112730189A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南大学 | Sponge city facility water penetration and storage characteristic double-ring synchronous permeameter and detection method |
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