CN209406296U - Shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process - Google Patents
Shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process, including shell, upper covers, lower head, baffle plate, center not aperture area and surrounding aperture area are equipped on heat exchanger tube, upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate, upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate；The hull outside is equipped with fused salt side, and the fused salt side includes Shang Yandao and Xia Yandao；It is equipped with conical deflector and inlet fluid distributor in the input end of reactor, the conical deflector is located at the lower part of inlet fluid distributor, and the bottom correspondence of conical deflector is fixed on the center of upper perforated plate not aperture area；It is equipped with exit vane and broken swirler in the outlet end of reactor, aperture area is not connected with the center of lower perforated plate for the exit vane bottom.The utility model can isolate explosive gaseous mixture and contact with the long-time of high warm tube plate, improve the safety of reactor, while can isolate contact of the target product with high-temperature region, fast cooling, reduces side reaction, improves the yield of target product.
Description
Technical field
[the utility model belongs to chemical reactor technical field, and in particular to one kind is used for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process
Reactor, mentioned especially suitable for normal butane method cis-butenedioic anhydride and adjacent benzene method PA Plant with improving the yield of reaction product
High equipment safety.
Background technique
Maleic anhydride abbreviation cis-butenedioic anhydride also known as maleic anhydride are a kind of important Organic Chemicals, are to be only second to benzene
The big organic acid anhydride in the third place in the world of acid anhydride and aceticanhydride, is widely used in the industries such as petrochemical industry, food processing, medicine, building materials.
Currently, pressing raw material route, the production method of cis-butenedioic anhydride can be divided into benzene oxidatoin method, n butane oxidation method.Wherein, positive fourth
Alkoxide method is occupied an leading position in maleic anhydride production, and production capacity accounts for about the 80% of world's cis-butenedioic anhydride total productive capacity.It is international
Upper cis-butenedioic anhydride mainly uses n butane oxidation method to produce, and the cis-butenedioic anhydride in China is then mainly produced using benzene oxidatoin method, but due to normal butane
Method has the advantages that raw material is inexpensive, and pollution is relatively light, carbon atom utilization rate height and maleic anhydride production at low cost, in recent years normal butane
The production capacity of method cis-butenedioic anhydride is continuously increased, and has the tendency that gradually substituted benzene oxidizing process.
Currently, the research in maleic anhydride process field is concentrated on substantially on catalysis reaction and aftertreatment technology, it is anti-for cis-butenedioic anhydride
Answer that device generallys use is fused salt outer circulating tube shell-type tubulation fixed bed reactors, referring to Chemical Engineering Design 1 phase P8-13 in 1991,
Yang Chunsheng writes the paper of " design and application of calandria type fixed bed reactor shell side fused salt distribution equalizing structure "；Referring to Chemical Engineering Design
The paper of 5 phase P18-24 in 1997, Sun Jinbo " brief talking large-scale phthalic anhydride maleic anhydride unit ", referring to East China University of Science Cao Bin in 2014
Master's thesis " large-sized calandria type fixed bed oxidation reactor research " etc., the utility model of reactor is substantially with axial row
Based on tubular fixed-bed reactor (shell-and-tube reactor), improvement is related to hydrodynamics, heat transfer and reaction controlling etc.
Aspect.Such as a kind of fixed bed reaction for preparing cis-anhydride by n-butane oxidation that the patent CN103071433A of Zhejiang University is proposed
The gas pre-distributor of device, the distributor are made of horizontal flow deflector, diversion pipe, tapered cap, it is possible to reduce low gas velocity region
Area, and improve the influence to distribution grid local assault unevenness, improve the stability of operation.Tianjin Chemical Design Inst. it is special
Sharp CN102423666A proposes a kind of normal butane method cis-butenedioic anhydride fixed bed oxidizing reaction temperature control set for adjusting and method: anti-
It answers and is provided with slide valve between device and molten salt cooler, by the open degree of accurate spool control valve, realize reactor shell side fused salt temperature
The stabilization of degree solves and reaction temperature is overcome to fluctuate, and so that oxidation reaction cis-butenedioic anhydride weight yield is improved 0.5 ~ 1.0%, reduces reaction
By-product in product.The patent CN202983655U of China LanXing Harbin petrochemical industry Co., Ltd proposes a kind of cis-butenedioic anhydride dress
Oxidation reactor fused salt return pipe structure is set, the reflowing result of oxidation reactor fused salt can be increased using the structure, is extended
The service life of oxidation reactor.
Although axial calandria type fixed bed reactor technology maturation, there are many applications, and reactor is using axial tubulation
Formula fixed bed reactors still have following problem, as shown in Fig. 1, major diameter shell and tube reactor (diameter 4-12 m) tube side
Process gas distribution haves the defects that serious uneven and there are stagnant areas, for example, 20,000 tons/year of normal butane method cis-butenedioic anhydrides fill
There are about 19000 root canals in the oxidator set, about 5300 mm of diameter, the center area under control Bu Bu about 1700mm, Reactor inlet with
The fused salt of stagnant area easy to form between the not opening area of upper perforated plate, high temperature heats import technique object by tube sheet indirectly
Stream, easily arrival spontaneous combustion or blast temperature, form great security risk；Even if not reaching autoignition temperature or explosion temperature
Degree, can also cause the long-time of reactant to be detained, and some side reactions for being not intended to occur occur, to reduce the selection of reaction
Property and yield.It also will form stagnant area in the not opening area of reactor outlet and lower perforated plate, reaction target product can be stagnant at this
Stream head of district's time stops, and further reacts with oxygen, and excessive oxidation is undesirable CO, and CO2 byproduct reduces the receipts of target product
Rate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is exactly the axial calandria type fixed bed reactor that needle is commercially used for maleic anhydride production at present
There are the problem of, propose and possess a kind of novel reactor for having center deflection cone and outlet rectification, broken swirler, to form one
Recirculating zone is eliminated in a uniform flow field, so that the long-time for solving reactant and reaction product is detained, is eliminated undesirable
The problem of side reaction, while the safety of reactor is improved, improve energy-saving effect.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the utility model are as follows:
A kind of shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process, it is suitable especially suitable for normal butane method
The production of acid anhydride and adjacent benzene method phthalic anhydride comprising shell, shell both ends are respectively equipped with upper cover, lower head and form closed space,
The upper cover is equipped with import, and lower head bottom is equipped with outlet；It is equipped with several baffle plates in the shell and several fillings are catalyzed
The heat exchanger tube of agent, several baffle plates are arranged from top to bottom by design rule, and baffle plate is equipped with and passes through for heat exchanger tube
Through-hole；Several heat exchanger tubes are arranged parallel to each other with shell axis；
Center not aperture area and surrounding aperture are respectively equipped with equipped with upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate, and on upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate
Area, surrounding aperture area of the heat exchanger tube upper/lower terminal respectively with upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate are correspondingly connected with fixation；
The hull outside is equipped with fused salt side, and the fused salt side includes Shang Yandao and Xia Yandao, and the road Shang Yan is located at shell
Body top is simultaneously equipped with fused salt outlet, and the road Xia Yan is located at lower part of the housing and is equipped with fused salt import；
It is equipped with conical deflector and inlet fluid distributor in the input end of reactor, the inlet fluid distributor is fixed
On upper cover input end inner housing；The conical deflector is located at the lower part of inlet fluid distributor, and conical deflector
The corresponding center for being fixed on upper perforated plate in bottom not aperture area；
It is equipped with exit vane and broken swirler in the outlet end of reactor, the exit vane bottom and lower perforated plate
Aperture area is not connected at center；The broken swirler is fixed on the inner housing at lower head outlet at bottom end.
As further improvement of the utility model: the conical deflector is conical hollow air deflector, air deflector bottom
With the through-hole for being respectively equipped with supplied gas disengaging at the top of air deflector.One inert gas can be used at work in this way, usually nitrogen
Gas enters inside air deflector from conical deflector bottom through-hole, then flows out from the top through-hole of conical deflector；To solve
The problems such as stagnant area easy to form is caused danger between Reactor inlet and the not opening area of upper perforated plate.
As further improvement of the utility model: bottom angle α is 45-60 ° in the conical deflector vertical cross-section；
The taper of conical deflector determines the volume in reactor cavity；Taper is too big, is likely to form between air deflector and inlet tube
The bottleneck of runner causes local vortex, and when taper is too small, the diversion effect of air deflector is bad, the nothing in upper reactor cavity
It is also bigger to imitate high-temperature region, the gaseous mixture residence time of butane and air and gas capacity also will increase, and increase potential office
Portion's risk of explosion, thus, the angle of taper guide device and tube sheet is preferably 45 ~ 60 °.
As further improvement of the utility model: the inlet fluid distributor have at least two sections of different angles into
Mouth distribution section.
As further improvement of the utility model: the exit vane is in cone hollow structure, bottom and the vertex of a cone
Portion is respectively equipped with airflow hole.One inert gas can be used at work in this way, usually nitrogen is from exit vane bottom gas
Discharge orifice enters inside rectifier, then flows out from the top airflow apertures of exit vane.
As further improvement of the utility model: bottom angle β is 45-60 ° in the exit vane vertical cross-section.
Compared with conventional axial calandria type fixed bed reactor, the reactor innovative point of the utility model is:
1, Reactor inlet end be provided with inlet fluid be distributed and conical deflector, conical deflector setting machinery every
From method, avoid the contact of reaction inlet material with high warm tube plate, so as to avoid reaction inlet material not with urge
Under conditions of agent contact, reach autoignition temperature and the spontaneous combustion of initiator reactor inlet feed or explosion.Inlet fluid distributor
With the setting of conical deflector, the uniform flow field of a bundle of reaction tubes import is caused, it is ensured that the uniformity of reaction, for reaction
Device shell-side uniformity of temperature profile lays the foundation.
2, reactor outlet is provided with rectification, broken swirler, and rectification, the setting of broken swirler eliminate reactor outlet
The not opening area recirculating zone of logistics and circumferential recirculating zone, slow down the deep oxidation reaction of reaction product, and pyroreaction produces
Object quickly leaves reactor, into aftercooler fast cooling, is conducive to the selectivity and yield that improve reaction.
3, reactor is easy to amplify, and eliminates stagnant area, overcomes enlarge-effect, can be used for ten thousand tons/year of cis-butenedioic anhydrides of 1-5 (or
Phthalic anhydride) production scale.
4, the reactor of the utility model has been equipped with the multi-layer gas distributor of center deflection cone and going out for center deflection cone
Mouth rectification, broken swirler, the flow field of reactor tube side has obtained very big improvement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of conventional axial calandria type fixed bed reactor；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor；
Fig. 3 is import end structure enlarged structure schematic diagram in the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the utility model middle outlet end structure enlarged structure schematic diagram；
In attached drawing, 1 is shell, and 2 be upper cover, and 21 imports, 3 be lower head, and 31 be outlet；41 be the road Xia Yan, and 42 be upper
Salt road, 5 be heat exchanger tube, and 6 be baffle plate, and 7 be upper perforated plate, and 71 upper perforated plate centers not aperture area, 8 be lower perforated plate, and 81 be lower perforated plate
Center not aperture area, 9 be conical deflector, and 9a is conical deflector bottom through-hole, and 9b is through-hole at the top of conical deflector, and 10 are
Inlet fluid distributor, 11 be broken swirler, and 12 be exit vane；12a is exit vane bottom airflow apertures, and 12b is
Mouth rectifier top airflow apertures.
Specific embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding to the utility model, the utility model is done further below in conjunction with drawings and examples
Detailed description, the embodiment are only used for explaining the utility model, do not constitute and limit to the protection scope of the utility model.
As shown in Fig. 2, the utility model relates to a kind of shell-and-tube axial direction tubulation for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process is anti-
Answer device, including shell 1, upper cover 2, lower head 3, upper perforated plate 7, lower perforated plate 8, fused salt side, conical deflector 9, inlet fluid point
Cloth device 10, baffle plate 6, heat exchanger tube 5, exit vane 12, broken swirler 11.Wherein, distinguish on upper perforated plate 7 and lower perforated plate 8
Equipped with center not aperture area and surrounding aperture area；Shell 1 is cylindrical structure, descend at both ends on it respectively with upper perforated plate 7, under
Tube sheet 8 is fixedly linked；Upper perforated plate 7, lower perforated plate 8 are connected with upper cover 2, lower head 3 respectively；Be provided on upper cover 2 material into
Mouth 21, lower head 3 is provided with material outlet 31；1 outside fused salt side of shell, fused salt side are equipped with the road Xia Yan 41 and the road Shang Yan 42, under
Salt road 41 is equipped with fused salt import, and the road Shang Yan 42 is exported equipped with fused salt, and fused salt flows from bottom to top in fused salt side, changes for absorbing
The heat that reactant oxidation reaction produces in heat pipe, maintains the temperature of reaction stream；Catalyst filling is in heat exchanger tube 5, heat exchange
Pipe 5 is arranged between the upper and lower tube sheet in reactor enclosure body there are many root, 5 upper/lower terminal of heat exchanger tube respectively with upper perforated plate and
The surrounding aperture area of lower perforated plate is correspondingly connected with fixation, and heat exchanger tube is in concentric circles or triangle or square arrangement, and and reactor
Axis is parallel.
Such as Fig. 2 and as shown in Figure 3: Reactor inlet is provided with inlet fluid distributor 10 and conical deflector 9, and taper is led
Flowing 9 bottom of device, aperture area 71 is not connected with upper perforated plate center, and conical deflector bottom is provided with conical deflector bottom through-hole 9a, cone
It is provided with through-hole 9b at the top of conical deflector at the top of shape air deflector, inert nitrogen gas enters conical deflector from through-hole 9a when work
Inside, then from through-hole 9b outflow at the top of conical deflector；The taper of conical deflector, that is, taper guide device and tube sheet angle α
Preferably 45 ~ 60 °；Taper guide device is located at 10 lower part of inlet fluid distributor, inlet fluid distributor 10 and Reactor inlet
Inner wall is fixedly linked, and there is fluid distributor the import of 2-4 sections of different tapers to be distributed section, flue structure.
Such as Fig. 2 and as shown in Figure 4: reactor outlet is provided with exit vane 12, broken swirler 11, exit vane 12
Aperture area 81 is not connected with lower perforated plate center for bottom, and exit vane bottom is provided with exit vane bottom airflow apertures 12a, outlet
Exit vane top airflow apertures 12b is provided at the top of rectifier；Inert nitrogen gas enters from bottom airflow apertures 12a when work
Inside mouth rectifier, then flowed out from exit vane top airflow apertures 12b；The taper of exit vane 12 is preferably 45-
60°；Broken swirler 11 is equipped between exit vane end and lower head 3, broken swirler 11 is fixed on lower head inner shell
On.
Embodiment
By taking 20,000 tons/year of normal butane method cis-butenedioic anhydride reactors as an example, reaction is participated in using the structure of reactor of the utility model.
Referring to fig. 2, feed stream (butane and air that mix) is introduced by Reactor inlet 21, successively by reaction
Device inlet fluid distributor 10, is guided by conical deflector 9, is uniformly entered in catalyst heat exchange pipe 5 without back-mixing, butane and sky
In catalyst surface haptoreaction, the reaction stream containing cis-butenedioic anhydride of generation flows out gas from lower perforated plate 8, via exit vane 12,
After broken swirler 11, flowed out from reactor outlet 31.
Butane oxidation reaction is strong exothermal reaction, and the reaction heat in reaction tube is removed by the fused salt of shell-side, and fused salt is by lower salt
Road 41, even into reactor shell side, flows to reactor center by inlet annular distributor, and reactor center is not cloth area under control
It from inside to outside by baffle plate is finally flowed out from Shang Yandao 42 in domain.
Referring to fig. 2, the utility model uses conical deflector 9, and the angle α of conical deflector and tube sheet is 55 °, reduces
The viscous flow of butane and air Mixture in reactor upper cover, has been isolated the tube sheet of butane and air Mixture and high temperature
Contact, reduces the spontaneous combustion of butane.
Referring to fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the utility model uses exit vane 12, and the angle β of the rectifier and tube sheet is 55 °,
The contact for having prevented cis-butenedioic anhydride target product with high warm tube plate, the logistics after making reaction equably, without back-mixing quickly react by outflow
Device reduces cis-butenedioic anhydride and continues the amount for being oxidized to CO and CO2, is conducive to improve yield of maleic anhydride.
After the utility model embodiment reactor and traditional reactor are respectively used to 20,000 tons/year of normal butane method maleic anhydride units
Performance be relatively shown in Table 2:
| Project | Conventional axial shell and tube reactor | The utility model reactor |
| The butane air gas mixed gas of near-by explosion lower limit is contacted with high warm tube plate | Contact | It does not contact |
| Cis-butenedioic anhydride product is detained at high warm tube plate | It is detained | Without stagnant area |
| Butanes conversion, % | 80~85 | 80~88 |
| Selectivity of maleic anhydride, % | ~70 | ~72.5 |
| Yield of maleic anhydride, wt% | 95~101% | 97~105% |
2 embodiment reactor of table is compared with conventional axial shell and tube reactor performance
The utility model not only can be applied in the technique of cis-butenedioic anhydride phthalic anhydride, and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid etc. are aoxidized
Process, it may have good application effect.
The basic principles and main features and advantage of the utility model have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry
It should be appreciated that the description of the embodiments and the specification only illustrate the principle of the present utility model, it is practical new not departing from this
Various changes and modifications under the premise of type spirit and scope can all be fallen into scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process, especially suitable for normal butane method cis-butenedioic anhydride
With the production of adjacent benzene method phthalic anhydride, it is characterized in that: including shell, shell both ends are respectively equipped with upper cover, lower head and form closure
Space, the upper cover are equipped with import, and lower head bottom is equipped with outlet；Several baffle plates and several fillings are equipped in the shell
The heat exchanger tube of catalyst, several baffle plates are arranged from top to bottom by design rule, and baffle plate is equipped with for heat exchanger tube
The through-hole passed through；Several heat exchanger tubes are arranged parallel to each other with shell axis；Equipped with upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate, and upper perforated plate and
Be respectively equipped with center not aperture area and surrounding aperture area on lower perforated plate, the heat exchanger tube upper/lower terminal respectively with upper perforated plate and
The surrounding aperture area of lower perforated plate is correspondingly connected with fixation；The hull outside be equipped with fused salt side, the fused salt side include the road Shang Yan and
The road Xia Yan, the road Shang Yan, which is located at upper part of the housing and is equipped with fused salt, to be exported, and the road Xia Yan is located at lower part of the housing and is equipped with fused salt
Import；It is equipped with conical deflector and inlet fluid distributor in the input end of reactor, the inlet fluid distributor is fixed on
On upper cover input end inner housing；The conical deflector is located at the lower part of inlet fluid distributor, and the bottom of conical deflector
Portion, not aperture area, the corresponding center for being fixed on upper perforated plate；Exit vane and broken swirler, institute are equipped in the outlet end of reactor
Stating exit vane bottom, aperture area is not connected with the center of lower perforated plate；The broken swirler is fixed on lower head outlet at bottom end
Inner housing on.
2. shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the conical deflector is hollow cone
The through-hole of supplied gas disengaging is respectively equipped at the top of shape air deflector, air deflector bottom and air deflector.
3. shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the conical deflector is vertical
Bottom angle α is 45-60 ° in section.
4. shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inlet fluid distributor has
The import of at least two sections different angles is distributed section.
5. shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the exit vane is empty in cone
Core structure, bottom and cone top part are respectively equipped with airflow hole.
6. shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the exit vane vertical cross-section
Middle bottom angle β is 45-60 °.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201822251877.4U CN209406296U (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process |
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| CN201822251877.4U CN209406296U (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109433116A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-08 | 常州瑞凯化工装备有限公司 | Shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process |
| CN114505018A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-17 | 山东彩客东奥化学有限公司 | Reaction production device for producing gamma-butyrolactone through BDO dehydrogenation |
| CN115463618A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-12-13 | 北京鑫缘化工有限公司 | Reactor for preparing maleic anhydride by oxidizing n-butane |
-
2018
- 2018-12-29 CN CN201822251877.4U patent/CN209406296U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109433116A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-08 | 常州瑞凯化工装备有限公司 | Shell-and-tube axial direction shell-and-tube reactor for strongly exothermic chemical reaction process |
| CN109433116B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-02-13 | 常州瑞凯化工装备有限公司 | Shell-and-tube axial tube reactor for strong exothermic chemical reaction process |
| CN114505018A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-17 | 山东彩客东奥化学有限公司 | Reaction production device for producing gamma-butyrolactone through BDO dehydrogenation |
| CN114505018B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-02-28 | 山东彩客东奥化学有限公司 | BDO dehydrogenation production gamma-butyrolactone reaction apparatus for producing |
| CN115463618A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-12-13 | 北京鑫缘化工有限公司 | Reactor for preparing maleic anhydride by oxidizing n-butane |
| CN115463618B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2023-11-10 | 北京鑫缘化工有限公司 | Reactor for preparing maleic anhydride by oxidizing n-butane |
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