CN209312710U - A Hot Cathode Microwave Electron Gun for Suppressing High-Order Mode Electromagnetic Fields - Google Patents
A Hot Cathode Microwave Electron Gun for Suppressing High-Order Mode Electromagnetic Fields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及热阴极微波电子枪技术领域,尤其涉及一种抑制高阶模电磁场的热阴极微波电子枪。The utility model relates to the technical field of hot cathode microwave electron guns, in particular to a hot cathode microwave electron gun for suppressing high-order mode electromagnetic fields.
背景技术Background technique
热阴极微波电子枪为一种大电荷量短脉冲的电子束产生装置,已经被大多数国家所重视,并在各主要科学研究国家产生了可观的科研价值和社会效益,它广泛应用于高能电子加速器建造、中低能电子束束流产生等科学研究当中。国外用于电子束产生的热阴极微波电子枪主要是采用了APS型经典结构,因为该结构具有束流强度大、电荷量高、阴极寿命长、易维护、安全性好等诸多优点,因此各种类型的试验用高能电子加速器已采用APS型热阴极微波电子枪作为电子源产生的主要装备之一。Hot cathode microwave electron gun is an electron beam generating device with large charge and short pulse. It has been valued by most countries and has produced considerable scientific research value and social benefits in major scientific research countries. It is widely used in high-energy electron accelerators Construction, medium and low energy electron beam beam generation and other scientific research. The hot cathode microwave electron gun used for electron beam generation in foreign countries mainly adopts the classic structure of APS type, because this structure has many advantages such as high beam intensity, high charge amount, long cathode life, easy maintenance, and good safety. Types of experimental high-energy electron accelerators have adopted APS-type hot cathode microwave electron guns as one of the main equipment for electron source generation.
虽然APS型热阴极微波电子枪采用热阴极产生电子束团并通过微波场将电子束引出,在电子束宏脉冲电荷量以及脉冲宽度等方面占有一定优势,但是由于其结构和微波电场耦合的原因,二阶模及四阶模电磁场对束流品质会产生较大影响。Although the APS type hot cathode microwave electron gun uses the hot cathode to generate electron bunches and extract the electron beams through the microwave field, it has certain advantages in the charge amount and pulse width of the electron beam macropulse, but due to the coupling of its structure and the microwave electric field, The electromagnetic fields of the second-order mode and the fourth-order mode have a great influence on the beam quality.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高电子束束流品质的抑制高阶模电磁场的热阴极微波电子枪。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a hot cathode microwave electron gun which can improve the beam quality of the electron beam and suppress the high-order mode electromagnetic field.
为解决上述问题,本实用新型所述的一种抑制高阶模电磁场的热阴极微波电子枪,包括连接在一起的半腔、整腔和耦合边腔;所述半腔上设有阴极,其顶部设有半腔耦合孔,其底部设有与所述半腔耦合孔相对应的半腔耦合对称孔;所述整腔的上分别设有耦合孔、连有波导的波导孔,与该波导孔相对应的所述整腔上设有波导对称孔;所述整腔和所述半腔的中部设有电子束通道,该电子束通道的末端设有电子束出口;所述半腔和所述整腔的顶部分别通过所述半腔耦合孔、所述耦合孔与所述耦合边腔相连,其特征在于:所述整腔底部设有与所述耦合孔相对应的整腔耦合对称孔。In order to solve the above problems, the hot cathode microwave electron gun for suppressing the high-order mode electromagnetic field described in the utility model includes a half cavity, a whole cavity and a coupled side cavity connected together; the half cavity is provided with a cathode, and the top thereof is provided with a A half-cavity coupling hole, the bottom of which is provided with a half-cavity coupling symmetrical hole corresponding to the half-cavity coupling hole; the upper part of the whole cavity is respectively provided with a coupling hole and a waveguide hole connected with a waveguide, corresponding to the waveguide hole The whole cavity is provided with a waveguide symmetrical hole; the middle of the whole cavity and the half cavity is provided with an electron beam channel, and the end of the electron beam channel is provided with an electron beam outlet; the half cavity and the whole cavity are provided with an electron beam outlet; The top of the cavity is respectively connected with the coupling side cavity through the half cavity coupling hole and the coupling hole.
本实用新型与现有技术相比具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
本实用新型在现有APS型热阴极微波电子枪设计方案基础上采用腔内耦合孔对称处开孔的改进方式设计了新型热阴极微波电子枪,该类型微波电子枪通过在谐振腔内对称开孔的方式,减小了二阶模与四阶模对束流品质的影响,提高了电子束束流品质,是一种对经典APS型微波电子枪的重大改进。The utility model designs a new type of hot cathode microwave electron gun on the basis of the design scheme of the existing APS type hot cathode microwave electron gun by adopting the improved method of opening holes at the symmetrical positions of the coupling holes in the cavity. , reducing the influence of the second-order mode and the fourth-order mode on the beam quality, and improving the beam quality of the electron beam, which is a major improvement to the classic APS type microwave electron gun.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。The specific embodiments of the present utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the utility model.
图2为本实用新型的截面图。Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the utility model.
图3为本实用新型的侧视图。Figure 3 is a side view of the utility model.
图4为本实用新型电子枪微波特性。Fig. 4 is the microwave characteristic of the electron gun of the utility model.
图5为本实用新型对应π/2模的电场。FIG. 5 is the electric field corresponding to the π/2 mode of the present invention.
图6为本实用新型对应π/2模的磁场。FIG. 6 is the magnetic field corresponding to the π/2 mode of the present invention.
图7为本实用新型轴线上电场分布。Fig. 7 is the electric field distribution on the axis of the utility model.
图8为本实用新型多级场分量强度测试位置。Fig. 8 is the multi-level field component strength test position of the utility model.
图9为本实用新型各位置归一化分量。Fig. 9 is the normalization of each position of the utility model weight.
图10为本实用新型电子枪出口束流特性(A)能量分布(B、C、D)相空间分布。FIG. 10 is the phase space distribution of the beam current characteristics at the exit of the electron gun of the present invention (A) energy distribution (B, C, D).
图中:1—半腔;2—整腔;3—耦合边腔;4—半腔耦合孔;5—半腔耦合对称孔;6—耦合孔;7—波导;8—波导对称孔;9—电子束出口;10—整腔耦合对称孔。In the figure: 1-half cavity; 2-whole cavity; 3-coupling side cavity; 4-half cavity coupling hole; 5-half cavity coupling symmetrical hole; 6-coupling hole; 7-waveguide; 8-waveguide symmetrical hole; 9 - electron beam exit; 10 - coupling symmetrical hole in the whole cavity.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1~3所示,一种抑制高阶模电磁场的热阴极微波电子枪,包括连接在一起的半腔1、整腔2和耦合边腔3。半腔1上设有阴极,其顶部设有半腔耦合孔4,其底部设有与半腔耦合孔4相对应的半腔耦合对称孔5;整腔2的上分别设有耦合孔6、连有波导7的波导孔,与该波导孔相对应的整腔2上设有波导对称孔8;整腔2和半腔1的中部设有电子束通道,该电子束通道的末端设有电子束出口9;半腔1和整腔2的顶部分别通过半腔耦合孔4、耦合孔6与耦合边腔3相连;整腔2底部设有与耦合孔6相对应的整腔耦合对称孔10。As shown in Figures 1-3, a hot cathode microwave electron gun for suppressing high-order mode electromagnetic fields includes a half cavity 1, a whole cavity 2 and a coupled side cavity 3 that are connected together. The half-cavity 1 is provided with a cathode, its top is provided with a half-cavity coupling hole 4, and its bottom is provided with a half-cavity coupling symmetrical hole 5 corresponding to the half-cavity coupling hole 4; the whole cavity 2 is provided with a coupling hole 6, The waveguide hole of the waveguide 7 is connected, and the whole cavity 2 corresponding to the waveguide hole is provided with a waveguide symmetrical hole 8; the middle of the whole cavity 2 and the half cavity 1 is provided with an electron beam channel, and the end of the electron beam channel is provided with electron beam channels. Beam outlet 9; the tops of the half cavity 1 and the whole cavity 2 are respectively connected with the coupling side cavity 3 through the half cavity coupling hole 4 and the coupling hole 6; the bottom of the whole cavity 2 is provided with a whole cavity coupling symmetrical hole 10 corresponding to the coupling hole 6 .
由于实际运行时电子枪的状态与加工组装时有差别,因此在设计电子枪时需要考虑对设计目标(主要是频率)进行调整,如表1所示。在设计和加工过程中电子枪的目标频率设定为2855.6MHz。Since the state of the electron gun during actual operation is different from that during processing and assembly, it is necessary to consider the adjustment of the design target (mainly frequency) when designing the electron gun, as shown in Table 1. The target frequency of the electron gun was set at 2855.6 MHz during design and processing.
表 1电子枪在不同状态下的频率值Table 1 Frequency values of electron gun in different states
由于热阴极电子枪采用边耦合结构,因此需要建立三维模型进行微波设计,各项尺寸参数如图4所示。Since the hot cathode electron gun adopts an edge-coupling structure, it is necessary to establish a three-dimensional model for microwave design. The size parameters are shown in Figure 4.
由F模块进行模拟设计,主要的模拟结果见表2和图4。The simulation design is carried out by the F module, and the main simulation results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4.
表 2电子枪三维设计结果Table 2 3D design results of electron gun
对应π/2模的电场和磁场分布如图5、图6所示,可以发现半腔和整腔中电磁场相位相差π,而边腔中并没有电磁场。轴线上电场分布(参见图7)调整为增强半腔最大场强比为1.64,这是根据动力学优化要求设计的。The electric and magnetic field distributions corresponding to the π/2 mode are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. It can be found that the phase difference of the electromagnetic field in the half cavity and the whole cavity is π, while there is no electromagnetic field in the side cavity. The electric field distribution on the axis (see Fig. 7) is adjusted to enhance the half-cavity with a maximum field strength ratio of 1.64, which is designed according to the dynamic optimization requirements.
为了更好地优化电子枪出口的发射度,在电子枪的设计中通过添加和调整耦合孔抑制多级场。如图8所示,由于整腔中开了波导孔以及耦合孔,整腔中存在角向不对称,引入了二级分量,导致电子枪出口束团存在整体的横向动量,为了抑制这种二级场分量的作用,在电子枪中引入了整腔耦合对称孔,并调整了波导对面的对称孔以及半腔中的对称孔大小(严格按照整腔波导孔的长宽在整腔内其对称处开孔)。In order to better optimize the emissivity of the electron gun outlet, the multi-level field is suppressed by adding and adjusting coupling holes in the design of the electron gun. As shown in Figure 8, due to the opening of waveguide holes and coupling holes in the whole cavity, there is angular asymmetry in the whole cavity, and a second-order component is introduced, resulting in the overall lateral momentum of the electron gun exit beam. In order to suppress this second-order component Due to the effect of the field component, the whole cavity coupling symmetrical hole is introduced into the electron gun, and the symmetrical hole on the opposite side of the waveguide and the size of the symmetrical hole in the half cavity are adjusted (strictly according to the length and width of the whole cavity waveguide hole, it is opened at the symmetrical place in the whole cavity. hole).
选定电子枪内不同轴向位置半径为10mm的三个圆,如图8所示,其中两个圆在半腔和整腔的鼻锥附近,另一个在整腔中心。以这三个圆上的分量为标准优化电子枪设计,使其二级场分量变小,如图9与表3所示。可以发现除了半腔中的四级场有略微身高,整腔中的二级场减小了一个量级,可以很大程度的减小二级场引入的横向动量。Three circles with a radius of 10mm at different axial positions in the electron gun are selected, as shown in Figure 8, two of which are near the nose cone of the half cavity and the whole cavity, and the other is in the center of the whole cavity. on these three circles The components are optimized for the standard electron gun design to make the secondary field components smaller, as shown in Figure 9 and Table 3. It can be found that except the fourth-order field in the half cavity is slightly taller, the second-order field in the whole cavity is reduced by an order of magnitude, which can greatly reduce the lateral momentum introduced by the second-order field.
表3 各位置多级场分量Table 3 Multilevel field components at each location
利用OPAL-T模拟一个RF周期即350ps时间的纵向均匀电子束团来研究电子的运动。其中使用的微波场文件由CST模拟得到,同时在模拟中考虑了空间电荷效应。主要参数见表4。The motion of electrons was studied by simulating a longitudinally uniform electron beam cluster with a time of 350ps for one RF period using OPAL-T. The microwave field files used are obtained from CST simulations, and space charge effects are considered in the simulations. The main parameters are shown in Table 4.
表4Table 4
图10反映了电子束出口处的能量分布(不同场强下),XY方向是空间分布, 以及X,Y方向各自的相空间分布。Figure 10 reflects the energy distribution at the electron beam exit (under different field strengths), the spatial distribution in the XY directions, and the respective phase space distributions in the X and Y directions.
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Address after: 730030 Room 305, building 3, No. 509, Nanchang Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Patentee after: Lanzhou Kejin Yi'an Radiation Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 730030 Room 305, building 3, No. 509, Nanchang Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Patentee before: Gansu particle beam radiation Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd. |