CN209311713U - A kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauge based on MSP single-chip microcontroller - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauges based on MSP single-chip microcontroller, belong to the hydrology and meteorologic survey technical field.Including funnel, rain gage bucket, ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor, measurement processor；Funnel is set to the top in rain gage bucket；Measurement processor is set to the side in rain gage bucket and is located between the upper end horizontal plane and lower end horizontal plane of funnel；Measurement processor is connect with ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor respectively；Measurement processor includes microprocessor, transmitting output circuit, receives input circuit, signal processing circuit, temperature sensing circuit, air pressure detection circuit；Rainfall gauge further includes overflow pipe, drainage system；Drainage system includes switch magnet valve, the drainpipe for controlling drainpipe；Baffle is arranged in the lower end of funnel.The utility model has the temperature and atmospheric pressure compensating to sensor output signal, reduces the measurement error of rainfall, the advantage for keeping the rainfall measured more accurate.

Description

A kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauge based on MSP single-chip microcontroller

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauges based on MSP single-chip microcontroller, belong to the hydrology and meteorologic survey technology Field.

Background technique

Rainfall gauge is the instrument that a kind of weather monitoring and hydrologic monitoring are used to measure the precipitation in somewhere in a period of time. It is so common that have weighing type rain gauge, siphon rainfall recorder and tipping-bucket rain-gauge at present.Due to Weighing type and siphon rainfall recorder It needs manually to be measured, so the degree of automation is low；The tipping bucket of tipping-bucket rain-gauge there are four types of capacity, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, wherein 0.1mm capacity uses most, also defective, although the precision of 0.1mm is relatively high, but rainfall After becoming larger, there is lag and situation of splashing in tipping bucket overturning, so its dynamic accuracy is not high.What Meteorological Field used at present is high-precision Degree rainfall gauge is that there are biggish gaps in import, domestic rainfall gauge and external rainfall gauge precision mostly, in high-precision Rainfall test aspect is extremely difficult to require as defined in meteorological department, spends high expense again by external import, it is difficult to complete It is popularized within the scope of state.Because ultrasonic transducer penetrating power is big, interface is encountered and can generate significantly reflecting to form reflection echo, Have many advantages, such as that frequency is high, wins length, good directionality, applies in rainfall detection to come, it can be achieved that accurately measuring, so now There are many using rainfall gauge made of ultrasonic technology, due to Ultrasonic Rain Gauge at this stage to the compensation of ultrasonic velocity only It is limited to temperature, but the influence for air pressure to ultrasonic velocity is not considered, if still being obtained using Conventional wisdom super Acoustic speed will lead to very big error.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauge of solution at this stage to ultrasound The compensation of wave velocity is only limitted to temperature, but the influence for air pressure to ultrasonic velocity is not considered, and will lead in real time There are the Ultrasonic Rain Gauges based on MSP single-chip microcontroller of error for rainfall metering.

The utility model is that realize that above-mentioned purpose of utility model adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of based on MSP single-chip microcontroller Ultrasonic Rain Gauge, including funnel, rain gage bucket, ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor, measurement processor；Its In, the funnel is set to the top in rain gage bucket；The measurement processor is set to the side in rain gage bucket and is located at leakage Between the upper end horizontal plane and lower end horizontal plane of bucket；The measurement processor respectively with ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, gas Pressure sensor connection；The measurement processor includes microprocessor, transmitting output circuit, receives input circuit, signal processing electricity Road, temperature sensing circuit, air pressure detection circuit；Wherein, microprocessor respectively with transmitting output circuit, receive input circuit, temperature Spend detection circuit, the connection of air pressure detection circuit；Input circuit is received to connect with signal processing circuit；Ultrasonic transducer respectively with Emit output circuit, signal processing circuit connection；Temperature sensor is connect with temperature sensing circuit；Baroceptor and air pressure are examined Slowdown monitoring circuit connection.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the rainfall gauge further includes overflow pipe, drainage system；The spilling water Pipe is set on the outside of the barrel of rain gage bucket and the upper end of overflow pipe is respectively lower than the lower end of ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor Lower end, baroceptor lower end；The drainage system is set to the bottom of rain gage bucket, the switch magnetic including controlling drainpipe Valve, drainpipe.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: further including LCD display, and LCD display is connect with microprocessor.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: baffle is arranged in the lower end of the funnel.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the ultrasonic transducer is the ultrasound of DYA-200-01A model Wave transducer.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the temperature sensor is the temperature sensor of PT100 model.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the baroceptor is the baroceptor of BMP180 model.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the microprocessor is the single-chip microcontroller of MSP430F149 model.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the measurement processor further includes wireless transceiver, microprocessor Pass through wireless transceiver and external host computer communication.

Optimal technical scheme as the utility model: the measurement processor further includes valve driving circuit, micro process Device is worked by valve driving circuit driving switch magnet valve.

Ultrasonic Rain Gauge described in the utility model based on MSP single-chip microcontroller, using above technical scheme and the prior art It compares, has following technical effect that

(1) compared with other kinds of rainfall gauge, Ultrasonic Rain Gauge is using non-contact measurement, with tested Jie Matter separates, and avoids the corrosion of liquid and is stained, reduces maintenance cost.

(2) ultrasonic transmission device is used, relative to other kinds of mechanical rainfall gauge, when so-called measurement is not present The mechanical wear as caused by the physical structure between instrument, stability and accuracy are promoted well.

(3) ultrasonic wave is propagated in air, when encountering the interface formed between air and water, ultrasonic wave almost by Fully reflective, processing mode is simple.

(4) it has carried out that the temperature and atmospheric pressure compensating of sensor output signal are reduced measurement error, make the rainfall measured It is more accurate to measure.

(5) Ultrasonic Rain Gauge has low-power consumption mode, can be practical in field for a long time.

(6) it is provided with a baffle in funnel lower end, allows water flow that can flow into rain gage bucket from baffle fair current, avoids the water surface Fluctuate so as to cause ultrasonic wave receive liquid level from inclined direction and reflect signal.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 2 is the hardware block diagram of the measurement processor of the utility model.

Specific embodiment

The technical solution of utility model is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauge based on MSP single-chip microcontroller of the utility model design, including leakage Bucket, rain gage bucket, ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor, measurement processor；Wherein, funnel is set to rain gage bucket Interior top；Measurement processor be set to the side in rain gage bucket and be located at funnel upper end horizontal plane and lower end horizontal plane it Between；Measurement processor is connect with ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor respectively；Measurement processor includes micro- place It manages device, transmitting output circuit, receive input circuit, signal processing circuit, temperature sensing circuit, air pressure detection circuit；Wherein, micro- Processor is connect with transmitting output circuit, reception input circuit, temperature sensing circuit, air pressure detection circuit respectively；Receive input Circuit is connect with signal processing circuit；Ultrasonic transducer is connect with transmitting output circuit, signal processing circuit respectively；Temperature passes Sensor is connect with temperature sensing circuit；Baroceptor is connect with air pressure detection circuit.

Microprocessor motivates ultrasonic transducer to emit ultrasonic wave by transmitting output circuit, and the ultrasonic wave vertical transmission is extremely The rainwater surface of rain gage bucket aggregation is simultaneously reflected off, then is received by ultrasonic transducer and passed through signal processing circuit and be converted to electricity Signal receives input circuit for the electric signal input microprocessor；Temperature sensing circuit is used to read the temperature of temperature sensor Data, air pressure detection circuit are used to read the barometric information of baroceptor, microprocessor according to temperature data, barometric information with And rainfall information is calculated in ultrasonic electrical signal.

Rainfall gauge further includes overflow pipe, drainage system；Overflow pipe is set on the outside of the barrel of rain gage bucket and overflow pipe Upper end be respectively lower than the lower end of ultrasonic transducer, the lower end of temperature sensor, baroceptor lower end；Drainage system setting In the bottom of rain gage bucket, switch magnet valve, drainpipe including controlling drainpipe.

Baffle is arranged in the lower end of funnel, allows water flow that can flow into rain gage bucket from baffle fair current, avoid the fluctuation of the water surface to Caused ultrasonic wave receives the liquid level from inclined direction and reflects signal.Rainfall gauge further includes LCD display, LCD display with Microprocessor connection.Rainfall calculated result is transmitted to LCD display and shown by microprocessor.Measurement processor further includes valve Gate drive circuit, microprocessor are worked by valve driving circuit driving switch magnet valve.

Power circuit provides required power supply to measurement processor.Power supply using the lithium battery of common 1wAH as power supply, It can theoretically work 150 days or more, it can be safe to use.Measurement processor further includes wireless transceiver, and microprocessor passes through Wireless transceiver and external host computer communication.Wireless transceiver is the monolithic wireless transceiver chip of nRF24L01 model.

Ultrasonic transducer is the ultrasonic transducer of DYA-200-01A model, and the operating center frequency of this energy converter is 200KHz, adapts to measure under all kinds of extreme temperature weather by -40 DEG C ~+80 DEG C of operating temperature, and weight is no more than 20g, carries more Add conveniently.Setting transmitting-receiving probe spacing is 5cm, and ultrasonic wave transmitting signal is generated by main control chip clock, passes through exterior design After booster circuit boosting processing, driving transmitting probe carries out signal transmitting.Signal have passed through decaying and energy in transmit process Amount consumption, therefore, receiving transducer received signal is very faint, since main control chip ADC pin range is in volt rank, so Receiving transducer will be sent by main control chip ADC translation interface again after receiving signal after the processing such as channel selecting amplification, filtering The ultrasonic wave delivery time is measured to microcontroller timer.

Temperature sensor is the temperature sensor of PT100 model, and display precision is 0.1 °C, is equipped with AD7794 chip and carries out Analog-to-digital conversion carries amplifier in piece, programs to control signal amplification factor.Baroceptor is the air pressure of BMP180 model Sensor has the advantages that high-precision, small size, ultra-low energy, and absolute precision is up to 0.003hpa, and power consumption is low.Measurement processing Device further includes wireless transceiver, and microprocessor passes through wireless transceiver and external host computer communication.Wireless transceiver is The monolithic wireless transceiver chip of nRF24L01 model.

Microprocessor uses MSP430F149 single-chip microcontroller, carries ultrasound emission module, ultrasonic reception module, temperature acquisition mould The partial circuits such as block, power module, nRF24L01 wireless transmitter module and LCD display module composition, realizes the acquisition from data, Arrive the functions such as display of data again to the processing of data.MSP430F149 single-chip microcontroller is a kind of novel mixed-signal processor, Using the newest Low-power Technology of Texas Instruments, a large amount of peripheral modules are integrated into piece.With low-power consumption, 12 moduluses turn It changes, 60kFlash ROM and 2K RAM capacity, the functions such as binary channels serial communication interface.

Since Ultrasonic Rain Gauge at this stage is only limitted to temperature to the compensation of ultrasonic velocity, but for air pressure to super The influence of acoustic velocity is not considered, if still will lead to very big error using the Conventional wisdom formula of ultrasonic velocity, So introducing compensation of the ultrasonic velocity about temperature and air pressure.Here close at one by discrete data point Function Fitting Like curved surface, so that the error sum of squares of these point to curved surface is as small as possible, this curved surface can serve as the close of these data points Like fitting surface, construct mathematical model revises the speed of ultrasonic wave using temperature and barometric information.

When rainfall, rainwater is down in rain gage bucket, the ultrasound emission of udometric measurement processor driving ultrasonic transducer Probe, temperature sensor and baroceptor work, obtain data, current level are calculated, transmitting probe is every a period of time Transmitting is primary, then carries out one-shot measurement, and the value added of inner bucket water position is obtained by measurement processing, obtains rainfall, the data of output It is shown by LCD screen.So emit ultrasonic wave at regular intervals, carries out one-shot measurement, achieve the purpose that real-time measurement.Simultaneously Device bottom is equipped with drainpipe and water storage in bucket is discharged using water discharging valve after a period of time measures.

Specific embodiments described above, to the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and beneficial effects carried out into The detailed description of one step, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiments of the utility model, not to Limit the scope of the utility model, any those skilled in the art, before not departing from the conceptions and principles of the utility model Made equivalent changes and modifications are put, should belong to the range of the utility model protection.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of Ultrasonic Rain Gauge based on MSP single-chip microcontroller, it is characterised in that: including funnel, rain gage bucket, ultrasonic wave transducer Device, temperature sensor, baroceptor, measurement processor；Wherein, the funnel is set to the top in rain gage bucket；The survey Amount processor is set to the side in rain gage bucket and is located between the upper end horizontal plane and lower end horizontal plane of funnel；The measurement Processor is connect with ultrasonic transducer, temperature sensor, baroceptor respectively；The measurement processor includes micro process Device, receives input circuit, signal processing circuit, temperature sensing circuit, air pressure detection circuit at transmitting output circuit；Wherein, micro- place Reason device is connect with transmitting output circuit, reception input circuit, temperature sensing circuit, air pressure detection circuit respectively；Receive input electricity Road is connect with signal processing circuit；Ultrasonic transducer is connect with transmitting output circuit, signal processing circuit respectively；Temperature sensing Device is connect with temperature sensing circuit；Baroceptor is connect with air pressure detection circuit.

2. the Ultrasonic Rain Gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rainfall gauge further includes overflow pipe, draining System；The overflow pipe is set on the outside of the barrel of rain gage bucket and the upper end of overflow pipe is respectively lower than under ultrasonic transducer End, the lower end of temperature sensor, baroceptor lower end；The drainage system is set to the bottom of rain gage bucket, including control Switch magnet valve, the drainpipe of drainpipe.

3. Ultrasonic Rain Gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include LCD display, LCD display with Microprocessor connection.

4. the Ultrasonic Rain Gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: baffle is arranged in the lower end of the funnel.

5. according to claim 1 or Ultrasonic Rain Gauge described in 2, it is characterised in that: the ultrasonic transducer is DYA- The ultrasonic transducer of 200-01A model.

6. according to claim 1 or Ultrasonic Rain Gauge described in 2, it is characterised in that: the temperature sensor is PT100 type Number temperature sensor.

7. according to claim 1 or Ultrasonic Rain Gauge described in 2, it is characterised in that: the baroceptor is BMP180 type Number baroceptor.

8. Ultrasonic Rain Gauge according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: the microprocessor is MSP430F149 The single-chip microcontroller of model.

9. the Ultrasonic Rain Gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the measurement processor further includes wirelessly receiving Send out device；Microprocessor passes through wireless transceiver and external host computer communication.

10. Ultrasonic Rain Gauge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the measurement processor further includes that valve drives Dynamic circuit, microprocessor are worked by valve driving circuit driving switch magnet valve.